identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03F387EDFFA1D51BFEFDFBBDFAAFBD96.text	03F387EDFFA1D51BFEFDFBBDFAAFBD96.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Prusiana shiranuhi Suefuji & Fan & Peggie & Chiba 2025	<div><p>Prusiana shiranuhi Suefuji sp. nov. (Fig. 2A–D)</p><p>Type Materials</p><p>Holotype: ♀, Baruppu (2,200 m alt.), South Sulawesi, Indonesia. 29. ix. 2014, native collector leg . Paratype: 2♂, Parado (2,300 m alt.), Sapan Tana Toraja, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. 10.vi, 1979 and 23.vi, 1979 . ♀, 02. ⅹ. 2014 (FWL 21.5 mm), same as the holotype. The holotype and the female paratype are preserved in Museum Zoologi Bogor (MZB), Indonesia. The male paratypes are preserved in the private collection of H. Tsukiyama (HT).</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>The ground color and markings of this new species are unique, and there is no similar species in the genus. Compared with P. kuehni (Fig. 3A–D), P. hercules (Fig. 3E–H), and P. prusias (Fig. 3I–L), the new species can be distinguished from them by the combination of the following characters:</p><p>1. In the other three species, the chrome yellow or carrot orange spots are well developed on both fore- and hind wings, but not in the new species. There are no spots at all on the hindwings in P. shiranuhi sp. nov.</p><p>2. Hairs on the body are mixed with brown and light blue or blue-green with metallic sheen in the new species, not yellowish brown or reddish brown as in the other three.</p><p>Description</p><p>Male (Fig. 2A, B). FWL 19.5 mm. Head: eyes dark brown, smooth. Antennae dark brown with thick club and sharp apiculus, ventrally light brown at tip, shaft ventrally checkered with light and dark brown. Anterior chaetostomata, densely covered with medium-length hair tufts, which are mostly brown with a mixture of shiny light blue and greenish blue. Palpi broad and short; first and second segments brown in middle, surrounded by hair tufts of shining light blue, blue-green, gold, etc.; third segment short, dark brown with pointed tip. Thorax: both dorsally and ventrally densely covered with long brown and metallic sheen hairs. Foreleg, femur with metallic sheen hair tufts, tarsi and tibiae dorsal 1/3 brown, ventrally pale brown. Abdomen: dorsally dark brown, partially covered with long brown or metallic sheen hairs extending from thorax, ventrally brown, laterally and ventrally covered with short sheen pale brown hairs.</p><p>Upperside. Forewing apex pointed. Ground color on both fore- and hindwings slightly reddish dark brown, covered with short pale brown hairs from base to subbase. Only three carrot orange spots in the discal area: an indistinct small discal spot in space 1b, a slightly large amorphous discal spot in space 2 and an indistinct oval discal spot near the base in space 3. Cilia pale brown, darker basally. Hindwing, densely covered with elongated yellowish-brown hairs from base of cell to near discal portion, similarly covered with hairs from base of space 1b to outer margin. No spots.</p><p>Underside. Ground color on both fore- and hindwings, slightly reddish-brown. Forewing, slender dark brown marginal line extending from wing apex to vein Cu1b, with carrot orange spots as on wing upperside, but more obscure in shape. Hindwing, slender dark brown marginal line as on forewings. No spots.</p><p>Male genitalia (Fig. 4. 1).</p><p>Tegumen slightly wider than uncus, gently curved on dorsal surface in lateral view. Oval processes of uncus distally concaved with a pair of pointed tips dorsally and ventrally. Vinculum, protruding well at the middle of anterior margin; saccus slightly short. Valva, horizontal long; ampulla well curved dorsally and pointed at tip beyond harpe; harpe ventro-distal part of harpe slightly protruding triangularly but not sharply pointed, dorsal tip extending backwards. Aedeagus about 4mm long; orifice (Kawazoé and Wakabayashi, 1976) with cornuti on both sides. Juxta appearing O-shaped, lacking dorsal fusion, in posterior view.</p><p>Female (Fig. 2C–D). FWL 21.5 mm.</p><p>Upperside. Forewing, outer margin rounded. Ground color and the three discal creamy yellow spots on wing not so reddish as in male. Discal spot in space 2 larger and rounder than in male. Hind wing, same as in male.</p><p>Underside. Forewing, ground color slightly reddish-brown except for dark brown from base of space 1 and cell to discal part. Hind wing, same as in male.</p><p>Female genitalia (Fig. 5.1). Corpus bursae ellipsoidal and short, signum absent. Ductus bursae long, complex in shape and ossified like an antrum: with shallow bifurcation processes on either side of ostium, bulging out about 1/3 of the way from the ostium and gradually narrowing towards the junction with the corpus bursae; about halfway down, a notch appears on ventral side and two overlap diagonally, but separate just before connecting to corpus bursae. Lamella antevaginalis indistinctly rectangular. Lamella postvaginalis small and trianglar. Ductus seminalis short, bifurcation point at the junction of ductus bursae and corpus bursae. Papillae analis small, almost trapezoidal, and apophysis posteriores thin, slightly long.</p><p>Etymology. The specific name is taken from the mysterious light flickering phenomenon observed occasionally during the night in Japanese Ariake Sea, which the carrot orange spots on the forewings of the new species resemble.</p><p>Biology. The female type individuals were collected when they were resting on a leaf of a shrub.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F387EDFFA1D51BFEFDFBBDFAAFBD96	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Suefuji, Seiichi;Fan, Xiaoling;Peggie, Djunijanti;Chiba, Hideyuki	Suefuji, Seiichi, Fan, Xiaoling, Peggie, Djunijanti, Chiba, Hideyuki (2025): Two new species of the genus Prusiana Evans from south and southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae, Hesperiinae, Baorini). Zootaxa 5737 (4): 581-589, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5737.4.8, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5737.4.8
03F387EDFFA4D519FEFDFBA1FD92B9A2.text	03F387EDFFA4D519FEFDFBA1FD92B9A2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Prusiana iphicles Suefuji & Fan & Peggie & Chiba 2025	<div><p>Prusiana iphicles Suefuji sp. nov. (Fig. 2E, F)</p><p>Type Materials</p><p>Holotype: ♂, Abuki (100 m alt.), South East Sulawesi, Indonesia, ix. 2019, native collector leg . Paratype: ♂, (FWL 17.0 mm), same as the holotype, ⅹ. 2017. The holotype and paratype are deposited in Museum Zoologi Bogor (MZB), Indonesia.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>The wing patterns of the new species are very similar to those of P. hercules, both on the upper and underside. The shape of small spots in spaces 5, 6 and 7 on the forewing upperside vary from individual to individual, it is not helpful to distinguish iphicles from hercules .</p><p>There are two points for identification.</p><p>1. The sizes are completely different. Male FWL: this new species is 17.8 mm (n=2), whereas that of P. hercules is 32.5 mm (n=4). Visually, this new species appears to be much smaller than P. hercules .</p><p>2. Tip of the uncus is not pointed in this new species. A notable difference is the well-developed process on the ventral tip of the harpe: it is long and sharply pointed in the new species, whereas in P. hercules, it is only slightly extending and round. In addition, the juxta from posterior view, the shape in P. hercules (Fig. 4. 4) is like that of a cow’s horn, while the new species has a triangular spicule on the top (Fig. 4. 2).</p><p>Description</p><p>Male (Fig. 2E, F). FWL 18.5 mm. Head: eyes dark brown, smooth. Antennae dark brown, apiculus sharp reddish brown, shaft ventrally checkered with white-brown and dark brown. Palpi; first segment short, covered with light brown tuft scales; second segment long, covered with short light brown tuft scales, laterally with blue-green metallic sheen hairs; third segment short, dark brown, pointed at tip. Thorax: dorsally covered with long brown hairs, ventrally with slightly longer brown hairs and blue-greenish sheen hairs in places. Foreleg brown, dorsally whitish brown, with short light brown and reddish green metallic sheen hairs on coxa. Hindleg with two pairs of epiphyses on tibia. Abdomen: dorsally covered with long and short brown hairs, ventrally with long whitish-brown hairs.</p><p>Upperside. Forewing; ground color dark brown, covered with short carrot orange hairs from base to subbase. Yellow orange spot about 8.5 mm long, from the base of space 1a to discal portion, covered with carrot orange hairs. Slightly larger square or rectangular yellow-orange postdiscal spots in spaces 1b, 2, and 3 forming oblique band, inwardly sharply defined, not in line, outside edge indistinct, continued with indistinct and amorphous small spots in spaces 4, 5, and 6. Cilia yellow orange. Hindwing, dark brown, covered with long carrot orange hairs from base of spaces 1 and 2 to the discal portion. Yellow-orange area 10 mm long extends from tornus to space 5, with maximum width 6 mm in space 1 and minimum width 3 mm in space 5, but a thin dark brown line on outer margin of spaces 3, 4, and 5.</p><p>Underside. Forewing, dark brown from base of spaces 1b, 2 and 3 to discal portion, with oblique postdiscal row of yellow-orange spots as same shape as on upperside, otherwise reddish brown. Dark brown slender line from base to tornus along outer margin. Hindwing, reddish brown except for yellow-orange band. Dark brown slender outer marginal line extending from wing apex to space 3.</p><p>Male genitalia (Fig. 4. 2).</p><p>Uncus with the upper tip smooth and inner margin circularly concaved at distal half. Dorsal surface of tegumen gently curved compare to other species. Vinculum well curved in middle; saccus long. Valva, slightly horizontal long and widening toward the tip, harpe ventro-distally well protruding pointed tip. Aedeagus slightly slender; orifice with a slight cluster of very small spinous processes on both sides. Juxta with triangular spicule in the 1/3 of the upper side in posterior view.</p><p>Female. Unknown.</p><p>Etymology. The specific name is derived from Iphicles, the name of the brother of Hercules in Greek mythology, due to the similarity with P. hercules .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F387EDFFA4D519FEFDFBA1FD92B9A2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Suefuji, Seiichi;Fan, Xiaoling;Peggie, Djunijanti;Chiba, Hideyuki	Suefuji, Seiichi, Fan, Xiaoling, Peggie, Djunijanti, Chiba, Hideyuki (2025): Two new species of the genus Prusiana Evans from south and southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae, Hesperiinae, Baorini). Zootaxa 5737 (4): 581-589, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5737.4.8, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5737.4.8
