identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03F387A9042C645FFC91FBF3FC3AA1A3.text	03F387A9042C645FFC91FBF3FC3AA1A3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Prorocentrum cassubicum (Dodge and Bibby 1973)	<div><p>3.3 Phylogenetic position of Prorocentrum cf. cassubicum</p><p>Phylogenetic analysis of the 28S rDNA region, using the Kimura 2-parameter model, grouped the sequence of strain of PNCETMAR-2 into a well-supported clade (bootstrap = 100) with the sequence strain of PNCETMAR-1 (Figure 6). These two sequences showed a degree of genetic divergence of 0.02. Both sequences in this study diverged from the five sequences identified as P. cf. norrisianum from the study of Chomérat et al. (2019), with a genetic distance of 0.22 with respect to the sequences in this study, that were also separated from the P. lima sequences with a genetic distance of 0.29. In contrast, employing the Kimura 2-parameter model, the PNCETMAR-2 (PQ182182) strain sequence of the ITS region clustered with those of P. cassubicum (EU927557) and Prorocentrum sp. (FJ160593) with a 100 % bootstrap support, and genetic distances of 0.030 and 0.032, respectively</p><p>(Figure 7).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F387A9042C645FFC91FBF3FC3AA1A3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ramos-Santiago, Research Article Ana Emilia;Villa-Arce, Gema V.;Leyva-Valencia, Ignacio;Okolodkov, Yuri;Band-Schmidt, Christine J.	Ramos-Santiago, Research Article Ana Emilia, Villa-Arce, Gema V., Leyva-Valencia, Ignacio, Okolodkov, Yuri, Band-Schmidt, Christine J. (2025): Identification and growth of Prorocentrum cf. cassubicum (Dinoflagellata: Prorocentraceae) from Bahía de La Paz: first record for the Gulf of California. Botanica Marina (Warsaw, Poland) 68 (4): 375-388, DOI: 10.1515/bot-2025-0010, URL: https://doi.org/10.1515/bot-2025-0010
03F387A904226450FC91FE5FFE63A5DA.text	03F387A904226450FC91FE5FFE63A5DA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Prorocentrum cassubicum (Nava-Ruiz and Valadez-Cruz 2012)	<div><p>Prorocentrum cf. cassubicum grows slowly under the culture conditions tested, taking more than 30 days to reach its maximum biomass. No significant differences in maximum biomass (69,722 – 74,312 cells ml −1), nor in growth rate (0.43 – 0.46 divisions day −1) were observed when cultivating strain</p><p>PCCETMAR- 1 in f/2 and GSe media at 24 °C. No growth data are available for other strains of P. cassubicum and P. norrisianum . In general, epibenthic dinoflagellate species exhibit slow growth. Because of its toxicity, one of the most studied species is the P. lima complex (Grigoriyan et al. 2024).</p><p>Numerous experiments have been carried out in the laboratory with various strains under different conditions where it has been determined that temperature is the main factor affecting their growth, registering growth rates between 0.30 and 0.75 divisions day −1 and maximum biomasses of 600 to 70,000 cells ml −1 (Grigoriyan et al. 2024). Several species of</p><p>Prorocentrum meet the characteristics of being halotolerant and euryhaline (Glibert 2020). More knowledge of epibenthic species is needed to understand their physiology, life cycles,</p><p>nutrition, and the environmental factors that regulate their growth.</p><p>Acknowledgments: The authors thank L.E. Gómez-Lizárraga for the SEM service at UNAM and D.A. Huerta-Quintanilla (CINVESTAV-IPN) for obtaining SEM micrographs, E. Mendez (University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA) and M.M. Gowing (Seattle, WA, USA) for language edition support, and A.F. Krakhmalnyi (Institute for Evolutionary Ecology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine) for translation from Polish.</p><p>Research ethics: Not applicable.</p><p>Informed consent: Not applicable.</p><p>Author contributions: A.E. Ramos-Santiago: conceptualization; research; methodology; data curation; formal analysis; writing – original draft preparation; writing – review &amp; editing. G.V. Villa-Arce: methodology; data curation; formal analysis. I. Leyva-Valencia: funding acquisition; methodology; supervision; review &amp; editing. Y.B. Okolodkov: conceptualization; research; methodology; writing – review &amp; editing; supervision. C.J. Band-Schmidt: conceptualization; funding acquisition; methodology; supervision; writing – review &amp; editing. All authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.</p><p>Use of Large Language Models, AI and Machine Learning Tools: None declared.</p><p>Conflict of interest: The authors state no conflict of interest. Research funding: This study was financed with the projects CONAHCyT FOMIX-Yucatán No. 2008-108160 and CONAHCyT LAB-2009-01 No. 123913 (P. Quintana-Owen from CINVESTAV-IPN), CONAHCyT PRONAII, PRONACES SSyS No. 319104, and the institutional project SIP-2024-0544, SIP 2025-1372 and SIP 2189. A.E.R.S. was recipient to the scholarship 1151607 from CONAHCyT and A240310 from BEIFI. C.J.B.S. is a COFAA and EDI recipient.</p><p>Data availability: DNA sequences, GenBank accessions. Strain PNCETMAR-1: PQ182180 (28S), PQ182182 (ITS). Strain PNCETMAR-2: PQ182181 (28S).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F387A904226450FC91FE5FFE63A5DA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ramos-Santiago, Research Article Ana Emilia;Villa-Arce, Gema V.;Leyva-Valencia, Ignacio;Okolodkov, Yuri;Band-Schmidt, Christine J.	Ramos-Santiago, Research Article Ana Emilia, Villa-Arce, Gema V., Leyva-Valencia, Ignacio, Okolodkov, Yuri, Band-Schmidt, Christine J. (2025): Identification and growth of Prorocentrum cf. cassubicum (Dinoflagellata: Prorocentraceae) from Bahía de La Paz: first record for the Gulf of California. Botanica Marina (Warsaw, Poland) 68 (4): 375-388, DOI: 10.1515/bot-2025-0010, URL: https://doi.org/10.1515/bot-2025-0010
