identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03F20554FFFD4A4CFF1844FBFD8CF95A.text	03F20554FFFD4A4CFF1844FBFD8CF95A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Carabus (Tomocarabus) bessarabicus Fischer von Waldheim 1823	<div><p>Species: Carabus (Tomocarabus) bessarabicus Fischer von Waldheim, 1823</p><p>Synonyms: tauricus Roeschke, 1897 [of ssp. bessarabicus]; melambaphus Fischer von Waldheim, 1832, platyscelis Fischer von Waldheim, 1828, steppensis Motschulsky, 1844 [of ssp. concretus].</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F20554FFFD4A4CFF1844FBFD8CF95A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Teofilova, Teodora;Rapuzzi, Ivan;Kodzhabashev, Nikolay	Teofilova, Teodora, Rapuzzi, Ivan, Kodzhabashev, Nikolay (2025): Carabus (Tomocarabus) bessarabicus tangra (Coleoptera: Carabidae): a New Subspecies from the Karst Steppe Refugia of the Chepan Planina and Tri Ushi Mountains in Central-Western Bulgaria. Acta Zoologica Bulgarica 77 (1): 3-12, DOI: 10.71424/azb77.1.002825, URL: https://doi.org/10.71424/azb77.1.002825
03F20554FFFD4A4BFF554789FF71FDB7.text	03F20554FFFD4A4BFF554789FF71FDB7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Carabus (Tomocarabus) bessarabicus subsp. tangra Teofilova & Rapuzzi & Kodzhabashev 2025	<div><p>Subpecies: Carabus (Tomocarabus) bessarabicus tangra ssp. n.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The name of the new subspecies comes directly from the name of the supreme god Tangra, worshipped in the old Proto-Bulgarian, Turkic, Hunnic, Mongolian and Altaic religions, spread in territories covered by the distributional range of the species C. bessarabicus .</p><p>Type locality</p><p>Bulgaria, Chepan Planina Mountain.</p><p>Distribution</p><p>So far, the new taxon is known from the montane steppes situated in Central-Western Bulgaria, near (north of) the Sofia Basin.</p><p>Examined (type) material</p><p>Holotype male: Bulgaria, Sofia Province, Dragoman Municipality, Chepan Planina Mountain, 1010 m a.s.l. (Site IV), VI.2023, I. Rapuzzi &amp; L. Caldon leg. The holotype (Fig. 5C) is housed in the Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Sofia (cTT).</p><p>Paratypes:</p><p>2♀, 4♂: Bulgaria, Sofia Province, Dragoman Municipality, Site I, 20.XI.2021 – 10.XII.2023, T. Teofilova &amp; N. Kodzhabashev leg. (cTT) ;</p><p>10♀, 6♂: Bulgaria, Sofia Province, Dragoman Municipality, Site II, 13.III.2023 – 10.XII.2023, TT &amp; NK leg. (cTT); 1 pair of elytra: Site II, 16.X.2022, TT leg. (cTT);</p><p>1♀, 2♂: Bulgaria, Sofia Province, Kostinbrod Municipality, Site III, 22.VIII.2022 – 9.XII.2023, TT &amp; NK leg. (cTT) ;</p><p>25♀, 15♂: same data as Holotype; 1 elytra female: same data as Holotype except 29.V.2023 preserved in cIR and cMNHG .</p><p>All specimens were measured for a morphometric analysis of the main body size measurements (Fig. 2). The results of the measures are given in Table 2.</p><p>Description</p><p>Carabus (Tomocarabus) bessarabicus tangra ssp. n. is a medium-sized (19 – 26 mm) representative of the genus Carabus . Length of the holotype male 24.7 mm; maximum width of elytra 9.2 mm. Body oval and uniformly black. Upper side quite shiny, but with no metallic sheen. Legs, antennae and palpi black (Fig. 5).</p><p>Head of medium size, with big and very protruding eyes; frons and vertex quite convex, surface punctured, wrinkled behind the eyes. Clypeus with a lateral seta, smooth surface; clypeo-frontal sulcus weakly and partially incised. Labrum wide, bilobate, transversally with a very deep excision, almost as wide as the clypeus, with 8 – 16 apical setiferous pores. Mandibles short and strong, with a strongly curved and pointed tip just before the apex. Tooth of left mandible with two well-defined, pointed apices. Maxillary and labial palps relatively short, with strongly dilated apical segments, less expanded in females and strongly expanded, axe-like in males. Penultimate segment of labial palps with two setae: one median and one basal. Mentum tooth acute and acuminated, shorter than lateral lobes. Submentum with a lateral seta; strongly wrinkled and slightly swollen transversely. Antennae short, exceeding the base of pronotum with the 2 – 3 apical segments, barely surpass metepisterns; second and third segment incised and depressed above.</p><p>Pronotum slightly convex, very wide (1.61 times as broad as long), slightly narrowed anteriorly and posteriorly, with almost rectangular shape; sides not sinuate, regularly arched; the widest part around or just before the middle. Sides finely but fully margined and slightly bent upward. Basal lobes wide and rounded, very slightly protruding over the base of pronotum and bent weakly downwards. Disc of pronotum slightly convex. Upper surface thickly and uniformly punctured and wrinkled, less so in anterior part and more near the base; basal foveae very weak; median sulcus barely visible only in the middle. One basal seta and 1 – 2 (in one male 3 at each side) medians.</p><p>Elytra long oval (more oval in females, less oval and more elongate in males), slightly convex and jointly rounded at posterior end, with maximum width about the middle. Shape and proportions of body (mostly elytra) somewhat determine the sexual dimorphism, with males being relatively narrower and longer and females shorter and wider. Shoulders rounded, slightly prominent, lateral margin narrow. Elytral sculpture heptaploid, coarse, of insular rough tubercles, slightly risen but not aligned and therefore very confused, without distinct rows, lacking consistency of arrangement; bottom of elytra densely granular; primary foveae spaced, superficial but salient, usually noticeable to the naked eye. Metepisternum short, slightly longer than wide. Abdominal sterna with sharp, well-developed ventral furrows; VII sterna with a preapical depression strongly wrinkled transversely.</p><p>Legs of walking type (ambulatory), quite short, rather strong, with profemora in males slightly thickened. Protarsi in male with four dilated segments, with ventral pad of adhesive soles.</p><p>Aedeagus very characteristic. In lateral view (Fig. 3A, 3C), the median lobe is very wide and regularly but strongly arched, with a long and enlarged ostium; the apical lobe is slightly thinned and largely rounded, large plate-shaped, with the apex massive and very broadly rounded. Distal part gradually oblique to the rounded straight and strongly flattened apex in frontal view (Fig. 3B). Endophallus was examined in three specimens (Fig. 4). It has a well-developed, longitudinally elongated osteal lobe at the base of the preputial field. It is strongly arched ventrally, without a pronounced border between basal and apical lobes. Ventrally, basal and apical lobes are barely noticeable; apical lobe with broad, hair-like chitinised field. Ventrally at the apex, the endophallus has well-developed sacelar scales, with broadly chitinised sides. Dorsally, apical and basal lobes well developed. Both dorsal lobes with regularly arranged transverse rows of chitinous denticles. Aggonoporius with well-developed and chitinised sclerites. Lacinia massive and evenly chitinised. Ligula present dorsally, at the base of endophallus.</p><p>Variability</p><p>The total body length of the new C. b. tangra varies in dimensions from 19.9 mm to 25.5 mm in males and from 20.6 mm to 26.5 mm in females. The new taxon also seems variable in elytral sculpture, as in some specimens the structure is notably coarser and primal foveae are more evident in some individuals, unlike in others with more superficial foveae.</p><p>Comparison with the related taxa</p><p>Several morphological characters distinguish the new subspecies: C. b. tangra n. ssp. is somewhat larger and more robust than C. b. bessarabicus and C. b. concretus; submentum is more strongly wrinkled; last abdominal sterna are with a depressed and more wrinkled apical area. But in particular, the shape of the aedeagus of C. b. tangra presents a totally different morphology (Fig. 5).</p><p>The diagnosis is given in the key below.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F20554FFFD4A4BFF554789FF71FDB7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Teofilova, Teodora;Rapuzzi, Ivan;Kodzhabashev, Nikolay	Teofilova, Teodora, Rapuzzi, Ivan, Kodzhabashev, Nikolay (2025): Carabus (Tomocarabus) bessarabicus tangra (Coleoptera: Carabidae): a New Subspecies from the Karst Steppe Refugia of the Chepan Planina and Tri Ushi Mountains in Central-Western Bulgaria. Acta Zoologica Bulgarica 77 (1): 3-12, DOI: 10.71424/azb77.1.002825, URL: https://doi.org/10.71424/azb77.1.002825
03F20554FFFA4A4BFF444233FE35F9CD.text	03F20554FFFA4A4BFF444233FE35F9CD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Carabus bessarabicus subsp. bessarabicus Fischer 1823	<div><p>Carabus bessarabicus bessarabicus Fischer, 1823:</p><p>1♂, 1♀: Ukraine, Kherson reg., Golaya Pristan Distr., near Rybaltche Vill., in sands steppe, 2–6. IV.2000, S. N. Vashchenko leg. (cIR) ;</p><p>1♂, 1♀: Ukraine, Kherson, Rybalche Vill., 25.IV.1997 (cIR);</p><p>1♂: Ukraine, Lugansk Region, Sverdlovsk Distr., Provalskaya Steppe, 01.VI.2011, S. Glotov leg. (cIR) ;</p><p>1♂: Crimea, Feodosija Distr., Ordzhonikidze Vic., 22.V.2009 (cIR) ;</p><p>17♂, 35♀: Crimea, Feodosija Distr., Ordzhonikidze Vic., Dzhan-Kutaran Mt., 10–19.III.2013, V. Savchuk leg. (cIR) ;</p><p>50♂, 38♀: same locality, 31.III–4.IV.2013, V. Savchuk leg. (cIR);</p><p>20♂, 28♀: same locality, 4–10.IV.2013, V. Savchuk leg. (cIR);</p><p>19♂, 23♀: Crimea, Feodosija Distr., Ordzhonikidze Vic., Bijuk-Janyshar Ridge, 20–30.III.2015, V. Savchuk leg. (cIR) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F20554FFFA4A4BFF444233FE35F9CD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Teofilova, Teodora;Rapuzzi, Ivan;Kodzhabashev, Nikolay	Teofilova, Teodora, Rapuzzi, Ivan, Kodzhabashev, Nikolay (2025): Carabus (Tomocarabus) bessarabicus tangra (Coleoptera: Carabidae): a New Subspecies from the Karst Steppe Refugia of the Chepan Planina and Tri Ushi Mountains in Central-Western Bulgaria. Acta Zoologica Bulgarica 77 (1): 3-12, DOI: 10.71424/azb77.1.002825, URL: https://doi.org/10.71424/azb77.1.002825
03F20554FFFA4A4BFF44473FFBC4FBF6.text	03F20554FFFA4A4BFF44473FFBC4FBF6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Carabus bessarabicus subsp. concretus Fischer 1824	<div><p>Carabus bessarabicus concretus Fischer, 1824:</p><p>3♂: Russia, N Caucasus, N Ossetia, Alagir Env., 20.IV.1990, S. Alexeev leg. (cIR);</p><p>1♂, 1♀: Russia, N Caucasus, N Ossetia, Alagir env., 20.IV.1990 (cIR) ;</p><p>1♀: USSR, Ossetien, Kazbegi, 2000 m a.s.l., 6.87, leg. Rous (cIR) ;</p><p>1♀: Russia, SE part, Saratov Reg., Saratov Distr., vic. of Alexandrovka, 11.V.2016, Belik A. G. leg. (cIR) ;</p><p>1♀: Russia, same locality, 7.VI.2017, Belik A. G. leg. (cIR);</p><p>1♂, 2♀: Russia, Orenburg Prov., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=59.9&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=50.9" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 59.9/lat 50.9)">Yashi Distr.</a>, Verkhniy Kiembai Env., 325 m a.s.l., 50°54’N – 59°54’E, 1–2.V.2008, A. Shapovalov leg. (cIR) ;</p><p>1♂: Russia, Volgograd Region, Gorodinsky District, VI.2023, Brezov leg. (cIR) ;</p><p>1♂: Kazakhstan, Karaganda region, 30 km SE Zhana-Arna, 2.V.1958 (cIR) ;</p><p>2♂, 2♀: West Kazakhstan, Unege Env., 30.IV.2018, A. Abramov leg. (cIR);</p><p>1♂, 1♀: USSR, Kazakhstan, “Dzanybek” (Zhanybek), IX.1983 (cIR);</p><p>1♂, 1♀: West Kazakhstan, Aktobe Prov., Mugalzhar Distr., 20 Km NE from <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=58.3&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=48.916668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 58.3/lat 48.916668)">Emba</a> settlement, 275 m a.s.l., 48°55’N 58°18’E, 21–22.IV.2013, A. V. Ivanov leg. (cIR) ;</p><p>1♂: Russie Orient., Chaudoir (cMNHG) ;</p><p>1♀: no data (cMNHG).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F20554FFFA4A4BFF44473FFBC4FBF6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Teofilova, Teodora;Rapuzzi, Ivan;Kodzhabashev, Nikolay	Teofilova, Teodora, Rapuzzi, Ivan, Kodzhabashev, Nikolay (2025): Carabus (Tomocarabus) bessarabicus tangra (Coleoptera: Carabidae): a New Subspecies from the Karst Steppe Refugia of the Chepan Planina and Tri Ushi Mountains in Central-Western Bulgaria. Acta Zoologica Bulgarica 77 (1): 3-12, DOI: 10.71424/azb77.1.002825, URL: https://doi.org/10.71424/azb77.1.002825
03F20554FFF84A49FF074444FAD7F814.text	03F20554FFF84A49FF074444FAD7F814.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Carabus (Tomocarabus) bessarabicus Fischer von Waldheim 1823	<div><p>Key to the subspecies of Carabus bessarabicus:</p><p>1 (4) Elytral sculpture arranged, with more or less distinct regular rows of grains and striae; intervals smoother and more fine-grained. Submentum smooth or slightly wrinkled. Last abdominal sternite without preapical depression strongly wrinkled transversely. Aedeagus relatively slender and longer in profile, curved above the base, with more or less well-developed hook-shaped capitulum. In frontal view, distal lobe sinuous before the apex.</p><p>2 (3) Elytra short oval;their sculpture coarser, with more or less distinct rows and primary fovea. Aedeagus in profile strongly curved from the middle (almost forming a right angle), clearly enlarged at apex, with a well-defined hook-shaped capitulum. In frontal view, distal lobe gradually oblique, with abrupt, well-developed pointed apex, shifted to the left. .... C. b. bessrabicus Fisch.-W.,1823 (Fig.5A).</p><p>3 (2) Elytra long oval; their sculpture smoother, with more or less distinct rows;primary fovea often hardly visible. Aedeagus in profile subrectilinear for about three quarters of its length, then strongly and sharply curved and thinned; apex forming a less developed hook. In frontal view, distal lobe strongly curved, with rounded apex, also shifted to the left. .................................................................. ............. C. b. concretus Fisch.-W., 1823 (Fig. 5B).</p><p>4 (1) Elytral sculpture rough, coarse-grained, confused, without distinct lines; grains vary in size and shape. Primary fovea visible. Elytra longoval. Submentum roughly wrinkled transversely. Last abdominal sternite with a preapical depression strongly wrinkled transversely. Aedeagus relatively shorter and stouter in profile, evenly and strongly (almost at right angles) curved from base, with massive and straight apical part, and wide and rounded apex with hardly distinct hook. In frontal view, the distal lobe subrectilinear with a regularly rounded apex, without well-developed capitulum. ............................... C. b. tangra ssp. n. (Fig. 5C).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F20554FFF84A49FF074444FAD7F814	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Teofilova, Teodora;Rapuzzi, Ivan;Kodzhabashev, Nikolay	Teofilova, Teodora, Rapuzzi, Ivan, Kodzhabashev, Nikolay (2025): Carabus (Tomocarabus) bessarabicus tangra (Coleoptera: Carabidae): a New Subspecies from the Karst Steppe Refugia of the Chepan Planina and Tri Ushi Mountains in Central-Western Bulgaria. Acta Zoologica Bulgarica 77 (1): 3-12, DOI: 10.71424/azb77.1.002825, URL: https://doi.org/10.71424/azb77.1.002825
