identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03F487F0FF91CE3EFF25F96BA1833AD8.text	03F487F0FF91CE3EFF25F96BA1833AD8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Drunella Needham 1905	<div><p>Genus Drunella Needham, 1905</p><p>Type species: Drunella grandis (Eaton, 1884) .</p><p>Diagnosis: (Mature larvae) Body generally somewhat flattened. Head bearing a variable number of well-developed horns. Forefemora generally flattened and with distinct chalazae on anterior margin. Inner margin of the foretibiae with a prominent apical projection. Abdominal terga with or without submedian tubercles. Some Nearctic species with setae forming friction disks on abdominal sterna. Cerci and medial filaments subequal.</p><p>Distribution: Nearctic, East Palearctic.</p><p>Key to Korean species of Drunella</p><p>1. Forefemora with weak or without chalazae on anterior margin; foretibiae with weakly developed apical projection (Fig. 3D).............................................................................. Drunella lepnevae</p><p>– Forefemora with well-developed chalazae on anterior margin; foretibiae with well-developed apical projection....... 2</p><p>2. Forefemora with three distinct dorsal ridges (Fig. 1D)................................. Drunella koreana sp. nov.</p><p>– Forefemora without dorsal ridges..................................................................... 3</p><p>3. Head with three frontal horns and paired submedian clypeal tubercles, together forming five distinct frontal horns (Fig. 3A)................................................................................ Drunella aculea</p><p>– Head with three frontal horns but lacking submedian clypeal tubercles, together forming three subequal frontal horns (Figs 3E, G)........................................................................................... 4</p><p>4. Thorax dorsally dark brown with broad light band; dorsal surface of forefemur with small, stout tubercles with spatulate setae (Fig. 3F); anterolateral margin of pronotum extended into a small spine...................... Drunella solida</p><p>– Thorax dorsally dark brown without broad light band; dorsal surface of forefemur relatively smooth (Fig. 3H); anterolateral margin of pronotum not extended into a spine............................................ Drunella triacantha</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F487F0FF91CE3EFF25F96BA1833AD8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shin, Sang Kyu;Bae, Yeon Jae	Shin, Sang Kyu, Bae, Yeon Jae (2026): Taxonomic review of Korean Drunella Needham (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae), with description of Drunella koreana sp. nov. Zootaxa 5782 (1): 161-172, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5782.1.9, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5782.1.9
03F487F0FF92CE3DFF25FF22A71A393D.text	03F487F0FF92CE3DFF25FF22A71A393D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Drunella aculea (Allen 1971)	<div><p>1. Drunella aculea (Allen, 1971)</p><p>Ephemerella basalis na Imanishi, 1940: 196 (First larval description).</p><p>Ephemerella basalis Imanishi: Tshernova, 1952: 271 (Misidentification).</p><p>Ephemerella (Drunella) aculea Allen, 1971: 522 [Material: larva (holotype); Holotype locality: South Korea; Holotype deposition: Purdue University Entomological Research Collection (Jacobus &amp; McCafferty, 2008)]; Yoon &amp; Kim, 1981: 36.</p><p>Drunella (Tribrochella) aculea (Allen): Allen, 1980: 80.</p><p>Drunella aculea (Allen): Yoon &amp; Bae, 1988a: 164; Yoon &amp; Bae, 1988b: 25.</p><p>Materials examined: SOUTH KOREA: 16 larvae (in alcohol), Gangwon-do, Yeongweol-gun, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=128.4099&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.163635" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 128.4099/lat 37.163635)">Nam-myeon</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=128.4099&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.163635" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 128.4099/lat 37.163635)">Yeondang-ri</a>, 37°09'49.08"N 128°24'35.67"E, 25.III.2023, J Hwang &amp; H An, KUEM ; 2 larvae (in alcohol), Gyeongsangbuk-do, Bonghwa-gun, Seokpo-myeon, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=128.98906&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.06406" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 128.98906/lat 37.06406)">Daehyeon-ri</a>, 37°03'50.62"N 128°59'20.58"E, 05.IV.2024, S Park, D Lee &amp; W Kim, KUEM ; 5 larvae (in alcohol), Gangwon-do, Samcheok-si, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=129.10991&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.258484" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 129.10991/lat 37.258484)">Dogye-eup</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=129.10991&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.258484" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 129.10991/lat 37.258484)">Mugeon-ri</a>, 37°15'30.54"N 129°06'35.64"E, 27. V.2022, J Kim, D Lee, W Lee &amp; S Shin, KUEM ; 4 larvae (in alcohol), Gangwon-do, Yeongweol-gun, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=128.37462&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.21527" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 128.37462/lat 37.21527)">Hanbando-myeon</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=128.37462&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.21527" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 128.37462/lat 37.21527)">Hutan-ri</a>, 37°12'54.97"N 128°22'28.64"E, 25.III.2023, J Hwang &amp; H An, KUEM .</p><p>Diagnosis (modified from Bae, 2010): (Mature larvae) Body length 20.0–25.0 mm. General body color brown to dark brown. Head with three well-developed anterior horns; the median horn is shorter than the lateral horns (Fig. 3A). Clypeal margin bears a pair of small submedian tubercles. Forefemora with stout chalazae; foretibiae with a long apical projection (Fig. 3B). Abdominal terga with inconspicuous submedian tubercles. Caudal filaments with whorls of setae at each posterior segment, accompanied by lateral intersegmental setae.</p><p>Distribution: Korean Peninsula, Northeast China, Russian Far East.</p><p>Remarks: Nymphs of Drunella aculea are readily distinguishable from other Korean Drunella species by their notably larger body size, prominent head horns and stout chalazae on the forefemora (Figs 3A, B). Drunella aculea is among the most common Drunella species in mountain streams across Korea.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F487F0FF92CE3DFF25FF22A71A393D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shin, Sang Kyu;Bae, Yeon Jae	Shin, Sang Kyu, Bae, Yeon Jae (2026): Taxonomic review of Korean Drunella Needham (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae), with description of Drunella koreana sp. nov. Zootaxa 5782 (1): 161-172, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5782.1.9, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5782.1.9
03F487F0FF92CE3AFF25FBD7A6653950.text	03F487F0FF92CE3AFF25FBD7A6653950.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Drunella koreana Shin & Bae 2026	<div><p>2. Drunella koreana sp. nov.</p><p>(Fig. 1)</p><p>Ephemerella nG Imanishi, 1940: 195 (First larval description; incorrectly synonymized with Ephemerella latipes Tshernova, 1952 by Tshernova, 1952; incorrectly synonymized with Ephemerella yoshinoensis Gose, 1963 by Gose, 1970).</p><p>Ephemerella (Drunella) cryptomeria (Imanishi): Yoon &amp; Kim, 1981: 36 (Misidentification).</p><p>Drunella cryptomeria (Imanishi): Yoon &amp; Bae, 1988a: 167; Yoon &amp; Bae, 1988b: 27; Bae et al., 1994: 37 (Misidentification).</p><p>Drunella latipes (Tshernova): Bae, 2010: 36; Bae &amp; Hwang, 2010: 70 (Misidentification).</p><p>Drunella ishiyamana Matsumura: Suh et al., 2019: 49 (Misidentification).</p><p>Type materials examined: HOLOTYPE: Mature larva (in alcohol, KUEMEPH000101), SOUTH KOREA, Gangwon-do, Samcheok-si, Miro-myeon, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=129.08899&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.371468" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 129.08899/lat 37.371468)">Cheongi-ri</a>, 37°22'17.29"N 129°05'20.36"E, 27.V.2022, J Kim, D Lee, S Shin &amp; W Lee, deposited in KUEM . PARATYPES: 3 larvae (in alcohol), (same data as holotype), deposited at KUEM (KUEMEPH000102 – KUEMEPH000104); 5 larvae (in alcohol), Chungcheongbuk-do, Danyang-gun, Danseong-myeon, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=128.30882&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=36.91843" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 128.30882/lat 36.91843)">Gasan-ri</a>, 36°55’06.34”N 128°18’31.76”E, 29.IV.2022, S Park, A Mayorga, S Shin, J Ahn &amp; W Kim, deposited at NIBR (NIBRIN0001060631 – NIBRIN0001060635) .</p><p>Other materials examined: SOUTH KOREA: 6 larvae (in alcohol), Chungcheongbuk-do, Danyang-gun, Danseong-myeon, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=128.30882&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=36.91843" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 128.30882/lat 36.91843)">Gasan-ri</a>, 36°55’06.34”N 128°18’31.76”E, 29.IV.2022, S Park, A Mayorga, S Shin, J Ahn &amp; W Kim, KUEM ; 3 larvae (in alcohol), Chungcheongbuk-do, Danyang-gun, Daegang-myeon, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=128.35406&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=36.882305" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 128.35406/lat 36.882305)">Oncheon-ro</a>, 36°52'56.30"N 128°21'14.63"E, 30.IV.2022, S Park, A Mayorga &amp; S Shin, KUEM ; 1 larva (in alcohol), Gyeongsangbuk-do, Bonghwa-gun, Beopjeon-myeon, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=128.92773&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=36.88928" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 128.92773/lat 36.88928)">Socheon-ri</a>, 36°53'21.40"N 128°55'39.80"E, 4.IV.2019, C Lim, J Kim &amp; A Mayorga, KUEM .</p><p>Reference materials examined: MONGOLIA: Drunella sp.: 6 larvae (in alcohol), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.08096&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=49.32465" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.08096/lat 49.32465)">Khutag-Undur</a>, Bulgan Aimag, 49°19’28.74”N 103°04’51.46”E, 23. VI.2022, Y Bae, S Park, C Lim, S Shin, W Lee, A Gordan &amp; B Bayartogtokh, KUEM . JAPAN: Drunella ishiyamana: 9 larvae (in alcohol), Nagano, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=137.73203&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.996834" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 137.73203/lat 35.996834)">Kiso</a>, 35°59'48.60"N 137°43'55.30"E, 13. VI.2012, Y Bae, J Hwang, D Kim, M Baek &amp; H Kang, KUEM . RUSSIA: Drunella ishiyamana: 13 larvae (in alcohol), Primorsky Krai, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=132.6875&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.920444" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 132.6875/lat 42.920444)">Dushkino</a>, 42°55'13.60"N 132°41'15.00"E, 18.VII.2013, Y Bae, H Kang, J Lee &amp; M Sharyi-Ool, KUEM .</p><p>Description (Holotype): (Mature larva) Body length 8.0 mm; caudal filaments 6.0 mm. Body color light, reddish or dark brown with various markings (Fig. 1A). Head. Head with small, light variable markings, with three anterior horns; median horn truncated on its apex (Fig. 1C); length of median horn ca. 0.75 x of submedian horns. Clypeus frontal margin medially notched. Compound eyes black in alcohol; dorsal diameter 0.7 mm; distance between compound eyes 0.7 mm. Anterior ocellus black; posterior ocelli white, with C-shaped circumferential band. Antennae 1.0 mm; flagella without setae; 1st segment 0.1 mm; 2nd segment 0.15 mm. Labrum twice wider than long, dark brown in basal half and white to light brown in apical half, with dense, pectinate, fine setae along apical margin (setae laterally less dense and longer), with short, dense field of fine setae on dorsal surface (Fig. 2A). Mandibles with two acute denticles on outer and inner incisors (Figs 2C, D); prostheca resembling thin, hairlike setae. Maxillae with two denticles on apical margin (Fig. 2E); maxillary palpi three-segmented; ratio 1.0:0.9:0.8. Hypopharynx moderately expanded laterally, with fine setae along dorsal surface and apical margin; superlinguae with dense setae along apical surface (Fig. 2B). Paraglossae moderately expanded laterally, with pectinate setae along apical and lateral surface; glossae ca. 0.6 x as wide as paraglossae, with fine, pectinate setae along apical margin (Fig. 2F). Labial palpi three-segmented; ratio 1.0:0.9:0.3, terminal segment ca. 2 x longer than wide. Thorax. Thorax light, reddish brown or dark brown with variable light and dark markings, generally smooth and without setae. Pronotum 1.3 mm in length, 1.9 mm in width; anterior and posterior margins slightly convex; lateral margins generally straight. Forewing pads without markings. Pleura and sternum white to light brown; sternum flattened. Legs same coloration as body, with variable patches of white spots on dorsal surface of femora, with white bands on base and apex of tibiae and tarsi, with long, pectinate, fine setae on anterior and posterior margins of femur and tibia, except anterior margin of forefemur and both margins of foretibia. Forefemur 1.7 mm, foretibia 1.3 mm, foretarsus 0.8 mm, foreclaw 0.2 mm in length; forefemora robust, with well-developed chalazae on anterior margin, and with distinct three ridges on dorsal surface (Fig. 1D); foretibiae with long apical projection; foreclaws sharp with two small spines on inner margin. Midfemur 1.6 mm, midtibia 1.0 mm, midtarsus 0.6 mm, midclaw 0.2 mm in length; midclaws sharp with one or two small basal spines on inner margin. Hindfemur 2.1 mm, hindtibia 1.1 mm, hindtarsus 0.7 mm, hindclaw 0.2 mm in length; hindclaws sharp with one small basal spine on inner margin. Abdomen (Fig. 1B). Abdomen light, reddish brown or dark brown with variable light and dark markings.Abdominal tergum II–VII with pair of weakly developed submedian tubercles; tergum III–VII with fine pectinate setae along lateral margins; tergum VIII–X with fine pectinate setae along posterior margin. Abdominal sterna light brown and flattened. Gills on dorsal surface of tergum III–VII bilamellate; dorsal lamellate gills rectangular in shape. Caudal filaments ca. 0.7 x length of body; cerci and terminal filament equal in length, with whorls of setae at each posterior end, with lateral intersegmental setae.</p><p>Imago: Unknown.</p><p>Distribution: Korean Peninsula.</p><p>Etymology: The specific epithet “ koreana ” refers to the type locality.</p><p>Diagnosis: Drunella koreana sp. nov. closely resembles D. ishiyamana Matsumura in general morphology, particularly in the presence of transverse ridges on the dorsal surface of the forefemur (Fig. 1D). However, it can be distinguished by the shape of the median anterior horn on the head, which in D. koreana sp. nov. lacks a notch and is truncated or slightly convex at the apex (Fig. 1C); this median horn is also shorter than the submedian horns. Additionally, the paired submedian tubercles on the abdominal terga are relatively weakly developed or rudimentary in D. koreana sp. nov. (Fig. 1B), whereas D. ishiyamana possesses short but sharply defined submedian tubercles.</p><p>Remarks: The Korean specimens of the Drunella ishiyamana species complex, originally referred to as Ephemerella nG by Imanishi (1940) and described here as Drunella koreana sp. nov., have long been subject to misidentification. These specimens were previously identified as either Drunella cryptomeria, originally described from Japan, or Drunella latipes, described from Sakhalin Island. Tshernova (1952) subsequently misidentified the Korean specimens as Ephemerella latipes, while Gose (1970) misidentified them as Ephemerella yoshinoensis, without examining Korean material. The situation was further complicated when E. yoshinoensis was later incorrectly synonymized with Ephemerella cryptomeria (now Drunella cryptomeria) by Gose (1980), leading to a chain of subsequent misidentifications of Korean specimens (Yoon &amp; Kim, 1981; Yoon &amp; Bae, 1988a, 1988b; Bae et al., 1994).</p><p>In this study, we reexamined Korean specimens and compared them with Japanese D. ishiyamana specimens, incorporating mitochondrial COI gene sequence data (discussed below), and formally describe a new species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F487F0FF92CE3AFF25FBD7A6653950	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shin, Sang Kyu;Bae, Yeon Jae	Shin, Sang Kyu, Bae, Yeon Jae (2026): Taxonomic review of Korean Drunella Needham (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae), with description of Drunella koreana sp. nov. Zootaxa 5782 (1): 161-172, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5782.1.9, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5782.1.9
03F487F0FF95CE39FF25FB71A73B38BE.text	03F487F0FF95CE39FF25FB71A73B38BE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Drunella lepnevae (Tshernova 1949)	<div><p>3. Drunella lepnevae (Tshernova, 1949)</p><p>Ephemerella nM Imanishi, 1940: 198 (First larval description).</p><p>Ephemerella lepnevae Tshernova, 1949: 152 [Material: larva (holotype); Holotype locality: Russia; Holotype deposition: unknown; Lectotype (designated by Kluge, 1995) locality: Russia; Lectotype deposition: Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences].</p><p>Ephemerella longipes Tshernova, 1952: 294 [Material: larva (holotype); Holotype locality: Russia; Holotype deposition: Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences]. (Synonymized with Ephemerella (Drunella) lepnevae Tshernova by Tshernova et al., 1986).</p><p>Ephemerella (Drunella) bicornis Gose: Yoon &amp; Kim, 1981: 36 (Misidentification).</p><p>Ephemerella (Drunella) lepnevae Tshernova: Tshernova et al., 1986: 139.</p><p>Drunella longipes (Tshernova): Yoon &amp; Bae, 1988a: 168; Yoon &amp; Bae, 1988b: 28 (Misidentification).</p><p>Drunella lepnevae (Tshernova): Bae et al., 1994: 36.</p><p>Drunella fuso Jacobus &amp; McCafferty, 2008: 219 (New name of Ephemerella fusongensis Su &amp; Gui, 1995 nec Ephemerella fusongensis Su &amp; You, 1988; synonymized with Drunella lepnevae by Jacobus &amp; McCafferty, 2008).</p><p>Materials examined: SOUTH KOREA: 7 larvae (in alcohol), Gangwon-do, Samcheok-si, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=129.23625&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.199974" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 129.23625/lat 37.199974)">Wondeok-eup</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=129.23625&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.199974" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 129.23625/lat 37.199974)">Icheon-ri</a>, 37°11'59.90"N 129°14'10.50"E, 22.IV.2023, J Hwang &amp; H An, KUEM ; 1 larva (in alcohol), Chungcheongbuk-do, Danyang-gun, Daegang-myeon, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=128.35406&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=36.882305" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 128.35406/lat 36.882305)">Oncheon-ro</a>, 36°52'56.30"N 128°21'14.63"E, 30.IV.2022, S Park, A Mayorga &amp; S Shin, KUEM .</p><p>Diagnosis (modified from Bae, 2010): (Mature larvae) Body length 15.0–18.0 mm. General body color light brown to brown, with darker markings. Head lacking anterior horns and clypeal spines, but bearing paired dorsal tubercles on vertex (Fig. 3C). Chalazae on the forefemora are relatively small and weak; foretibiae with a short apical projection (Fig. 3D). Abdominal terga possess relatively small submedian tubercles. Caudal filaments bear whorls of setae at each posterior segment, along with continuous row of dorsal intersegmental setae.</p><p>Distribution: Korean Peninsula, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Northeast China, Russian Far East.</p><p>Remarks: Larvae of Drunella lepnevae lack the thickened forefemora and prominent anterofemoral chalazae typically characteristic of the genus Drunella (Figs 3C, D), and in general larval morphology; they appear more closely allied with Ephemerella . However, D. lepnevae shares the presence of an apical projection on the foretibia— albeit relatively small—with other Drunella species. Notably, the presence of distinctive, continuous dorsal intersegmental setae on the caudal filaments is distinct from most species of the family Ephemerellidae . This species may require reclassification, pending further investigation using molecular phylogenetic data.</p><p>Drunella lepnevae closely resembles and was once synonymized with D. cryptomeria (Jacobus &amp; McCafferty, 2004) . However, this species was revalidated as a species by the same authors in a following revision (Jacobus &amp; McCafferty, 2008). Wakimura et al. (2024) provided a redescription of D. cryptomeria and noted that D. cryptomeria nymphs can be distinguished from D. lepnevae nymphs by their smaller body size of 5 mm and their two-segmented maxillary palpi (in contrast to the three-segmented maxillary palpi of D. lepnevae).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F487F0FF95CE39FF25FB71A73B38BE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shin, Sang Kyu;Bae, Yeon Jae	Shin, Sang Kyu, Bae, Yeon Jae (2026): Taxonomic review of Korean Drunella Needham (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae), with description of Drunella koreana sp. nov. Zootaxa 5782 (1): 161-172, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5782.1.9, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5782.1.9
03F487F0FF96CE39FF25FA51A0C43AD6.text	03F487F0FF96CE39FF25FA51A0C43AD6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Drunella solida (Bajkova 1980)	<div><p>4. Drunella solida (Bajkova, 1980)</p><p>Ephemerella trispina na Imanishi, 1940: 193 (First larval description).</p><p>Ephemerella solida Bajkova, 1980: 796 [Material: larva (holotype); Holotype locality: Russia; Holotype deposition: Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences (lost: Kluge, 1995)].</p><p>Ephemerella (Drunella) solida Bajkova: Bae et al., 1998: 92.</p><p>Materials examined: SOUTH KOREA: 1 larva (in alcohol), Gyeonggi-do, Gapyeong-gun, Gapyeong stream, 13. VI.1983, Y Bae, KUEM ; 4 larvae (in alcohol), Jeollabuk-do, Muju-gun, Deogyusan, 20. V.1983, Y Bae, KUEM .</p><p>Diagnosis (modified from Bae, 2010): (Mature larvae) Body length 15.0–18.0 mm. General body color brown, with broad pale markings on thorax. Clypeal margin rounded, bearing three anterior horns, subequal in length (Fig. 3E). Forefemora bearing stout chalazae; foretibiae with a long apical projection (Fig. 3F). Abdominal terga with rudimentary submedian tubercles. Caudal filaments with whorls of setae at each posterior segment, accompanied by lateral intersegmental setae.</p><p>Distribution: Korean Peninsula, Northeast China, Russian Far East.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F487F0FF96CE39FF25FA51A0C43AD6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shin, Sang Kyu;Bae, Yeon Jae	Shin, Sang Kyu, Bae, Yeon Jae (2026): Taxonomic review of Korean Drunella Needham (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae), with description of Drunella koreana sp. nov. Zootaxa 5782 (1): 161-172, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5782.1.9, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5782.1.9
03F487F0FF97CE38FF25FF22A1243965.text	03F487F0FF97CE38FF25FF22A1243965.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Drunella triacantha (Tshernova 1949)	<div><p>5. Drunella triacantha (Tshernova, 1949)</p><p>Ephemerella trispina naa Imanishi, 1940: 194 (First larval description).</p><p>Ephemerella triacantha Tshernova, 1949: 151 [Material: larva (holotype); Holotype locality: Russia; Holotype deposition: unknown (not found: Kluge, 1995)]; Tshernova, 1952: 271; Bajkova, 1972: 190.</p><p>Ephemerella (Drunella) triacantha Tshernova: Edmunds, 1959: 546; Bae et al., 1998: 92.</p><p>Ephemerella (Drunella) trispina Uéno: Yoon &amp; Kim, 1981: 37 (Misidentification).</p><p>Drunella (Tribrochella) triacantha (Tshernova): Allen, 1980: 80.</p><p>Drunella triacantha (Tshernova): Yoon &amp; Bae, 1988a: 166; Yoon &amp; Bae, 1988b: 26.</p><p>Ephemerella (Drunella) trispina ezoensis Gose, 1980: 287 [Material: larvae; Type information: unknown; nec Ephemerella (Cincticostella) ezoensis Gose, 1980]. (Synonymized with Drunella triacantha (Tshernova, 1949) by Bae &amp; Yoon, 1997).</p><p>Drunella trispina ezoensis (Gose): Ishiwata, 1987: 28; Bae et al., 1994: 36 (Misidentification).</p><p>Materials examined: SOUTH KOREA: 9 larvae (in alcohol), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=129.33543&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.173115" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 129.33543/lat 37.173115)">Gangwon-do</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=129.33543&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.173115" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 129.33543/lat 37.173115)">Samcheok-si</a>, Wondeok-eup, Hosanri, 37°10'23.21"N 129°20'07.60"E, 22.IV.2023, J Hwang &amp; H An, KUEM ; 5 larvae (in alcohol), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=129.23625&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.199974" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 129.23625/lat 37.199974)">Gangwon-do</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=129.23625&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.199974" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 129.23625/lat 37.199974)">Samcheok-si</a>, Wondeok-eup, Icheon-ri, 37°11'59.90"N 129°14'10.50"E, 22.IV.2023, J Hwang &amp; H An, KUEM ; 8 larvae (in alcohol), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=128.53793&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.42017" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 128.53793/lat 37.42017)">Gangwon-do</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=128.53793&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.42017" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 128.53793/lat 37.42017)">Jeongseon-gun</a>, Jeongseon-eup, Hoedong-ri, 37°25'12.61"N 128°32'16.56"E, 20. VI.2020, D Ham &amp; S Park, KUEM .</p><p>Diagnosis (modified from Bae, 2010): (Mature larvae) Body length 15.0–18.0 mm. General body color light brown to brown, with dark brown markings. Clypeal margin rounded, bearing three anterior horns, subequal in length (Fig. 3G). Forefemora with stout chalazae; foretibiae with a long apical projection (Fig. 3H). Abdominal terga with rudimentary submedian tubercles. Caudal filaments with whorls of setae at each posterior segment, accompanied by lateral intersegmental setae.</p><p>Distribution: Korean Peninsula, Japan, Mongolia, Northeast China, Russian Far East.</p><p>Remarks: Larvae of Drunella triacantha possess three subequal frontal horns on the head, closely resembling those of Drunella solida . However, D. triacantha can be distinguished by the relatively smooth dorsal surface of the forefemora (Fig. 3H). In contrast, D. solida typically exhibits numerous small, spatula-like spines on the dorsal surface of the forefemora (Fig. 3F).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F487F0FF97CE38FF25FF22A1243965	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Shin, Sang Kyu;Bae, Yeon Jae	Shin, Sang Kyu, Bae, Yeon Jae (2026): Taxonomic review of Korean Drunella Needham (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae), with description of Drunella koreana sp. nov. Zootaxa 5782 (1): 161-172, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5782.1.9, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5782.1.9
