identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03F787C01E5D0B21FF54793EFEFAFA9D.text	03F787C01E5D0B21FF54793EFEFAFA9D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Maximum parsimony	<div><p>Maximum parsimony</p><p>Parsimony analysis was performed using the program TNT v.1.5 (Goloboff &amp; Catalano, 2016). A traditional search was done with the commands set to hold 1000 trees, with 100 replications conducted using tree bisection and reconnection branch breaking under the ‘safe’ setting. To assess support, parsimony bootstrapping was done by specifying 1000 resampling replications.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F787C01E5D0B21FF54793EFEFAFA9D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gustafson, Grey T.;Michat, Mariano C.;Balke, Michael	Gustafson, Grey T., Michat, Mariano C., Balke, Michael (2020): Burmese amber reveals a new stem lineage of whirligig beetle (Coleoptera: Gyrinidae) based on the larval stage. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 189: 1232-1248
03F787C01E570B2BFC6A7866FAB4FA75.text	03F787C01E570B2BFC6A7866FAB4FA75.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gyrinidae LATREILLE 1810	<div><p>FAMILY  GYRINIDAE LATREILLE, 1810</p><p>SUBFAMILY  GYRININAE LATREILLE, 1810</p><p>STEM GROUP  DINEUTINI + ORECTOCHILINI</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F787C01E570B2BFC6A7866FAB4FA75	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gustafson, Grey T.;Michat, Mariano C.;Balke, Michael	Gustafson, Grey T., Michat, Mariano C., Balke, Michael (2020): Burmese amber reveals a new stem lineage of whirligig beetle (Coleoptera: Gyrinidae) based on the larval stage. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 189: 1232-1248
03F787C01E570B29FC2778F1FE2AFE67.text	03F787C01E570B29FC2778F1FE2AFE67.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chimerogyrus Gustafson & Michat & Balke 2020	<div><p>CHIMEROGYRUS GEN. NOV.</p><p>lsid: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: D7259533-80FC-44A2- B58B-FEDE654E53A5</p><p>Type species:  Chimerogyrus gigagalea, by current designation, monotypic.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The genus name is Latinized from the Greek χιμαιρα, chimaira, a chimera, the amalgamate monster of legend, here in reference to the strange combination of ancestral and derived features of the larval taxon being described, and γύρος, gyros, meaning turning or spinning, a common ending used in gyrinid names..</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Chimerogyrus can be diagnosed by the following combination of characters: cephalic capsule (Figs 3, 7C, D) not constricted at level of occipital region; FR (Fig. 3A) symmetrica,l with four equally sized, well-developed teeth; tormae absent; maxilla (Fig. 4C, D) with elongate cardo and stipes; galea longer than lacinia; lacinia small and strongly curved, with inner margin straight apically and weakly dentate basally, apex without indentation; two long setae (MX 5 and MX 6) subequal in length at base of lacinia; anterior face of CO (Fig. 5A, B) with three large, stout, spine-like setae (CO 6, CO 8 and CO 9); TA 1 long and spine like, situated at mid-length dorsally (Fig. 5A); pretarsal claws (Fig. 5A–E) without spinulae; tracheal gills with spinulae; segment X (Fig. 5F, G) with two long, hair-like setae, spinulae absent; terminal hooks (Fig. 5F–H) asymmetrical, with lateral hooks narrower and elongate, medial hooks broader, less strongly curved.</p><p>The form of the maxilla (Fig. 4C, D) distinguishes  Chimerogyrus from all known gyrinid genera.The maxilla of  Chimerogyrus is most similar to that of genera of the tribes  Dineutini and Orectochilini, having an elongate cardo that does not cover the ventral joint of the mandible, with the internal margin of the stipes lacking small hook-like setae dorsally. However, the stipes is longer than that of any currently known dineutine or orectochiline larva, which have relatively short stipes (Figs 1A–D, 2). Furthermore, its maxilla is unlike any known gyrinid larva in that the galea is considerably longer than the small lacinia, rather than being roughly similar in size (as in  Dineutus Macleay, 1825; Fig. 1B) or smaller in size, as in most genera. The form of the lacinia (Fig. 4C) is also unique, being strongly curved, with a straight inner margin apically, becoming dentate proximally and possessing two long setae basally. The presence of two long setae of subequal length basal to the lacinia is similar to larvae of the Orectochilini (Fig. 2), but unlike these genera the lacinia is short, somewhat similar to the  Gyrinini, but much narrower and more hook shaped. It can be distinguished from the extinct genus  Cretogyrus by having a cephalic capsule without a constriction of the occipital region, four equally sized frontal teeth, the short coronal suture, and by the form of the maxilla.</p><p>The setation of the coxae also distinguishes  Chimerogyrus from all currently known gyrinid larvae.  Chimerogyrus has a series of large, stout, spine-like setae (CO 6, CO 8 and CO 9) distomedially on the anterior surface of the CO.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F787C01E570B29FC2778F1FE2AFE67	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gustafson, Grey T.;Michat, Mariano C.;Balke, Michael	Gustafson, Grey T., Michat, Mariano C., Balke, Michael (2020): Burmese amber reveals a new stem lineage of whirligig beetle (Coleoptera: Gyrinidae) based on the larval stage. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 189: 1232-1248
03F787C01E550B28FF0B7F3EFB59FA16.text	03F787C01E550B28FF0B7F3EFB59FA16.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chimerogyrus gigagalea Gustafson & Michat & Balke 2020	<div><p>CHIMEROGYRUS GIGAGALEA SP. NOV.</p><p>lsid: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 0B604A53-EED0-4CD1- 9478-40C609EFE8A</p><p>Type locality: Myanmar, Kachin State, Hukawng valley near  Tanai .</p><p>Type material: Single Burmese amber piece, deposited in ZSMG.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The specific epithet is a combination of the Greek γίγας, gigas, giant, and Latin galea, an anatomical structure, in reference to the large galea of the new taxon. It is a noun in apposition.</p><p>Description</p><p>Body (Fig. 7A, B): Elongate, parallel sided; head and pronotum strongly sclerotized, remainder of thorax and abdomen weakly sclerotized. Body size: L = 11.5 mm, W = 1.0 mm.</p><p>Head: Cephalic capsule (Figs 3, 7C, D): subrectangular, lateral margins slightly longer than anterior and posterior margins, without constriction of occipital region; occipital foramen dorsally with narrow margin; occipital suture absent; coronal suture short; frontal sutures U-shaped, extending to antennal bases; frontoclypeus roughly subtriangular, anterior margin divided into three lobes, medial lobe symmetrical, with four equally sized, well-developed teeth; tormae absent; lateral lobes well developed, not projecting anteriorly beyond medial lobe; PA with six stemmata at each side, four situated dorsally, two ventrally. Antenna (Fig. 4A): elongate and slender; composed of four antennomeres, with I shortest and round; II and III longest, subequal in length, with II cylindrical and straight, III weakly curved; IV shorter, ~3× length of I, weakly curved. Mandible (Fig. 4B): relatively elongate, curved inward; broadest basally and gradually attenuated apically, ending in sharp apex; inner margin smooth, without denticles or teeth; retinaculum absent. Maxilla (Figs 4C, D): well developed, not covering ventral mandibular joint; cardo elongate, subrectangular; stipes long, subtrapezoidal, bearing a lacinia and galea on distal inner margin, distal outer margin with palpifer; dorsally without series of small hook-like setae on internal margin; lacinia relatively small and strongly curved, with sharp apex; posterior margin straight in apical half, dentate basally; galea longer than lacinia, two-segmented, basal segment short and broader, apical segment elongate, tapered towards apex, ~2.5× length of basal segment; palpifer short, palpomerelike in form; maxillary palp elongate and narrow, composed of three palpomeres; I shortest, III longest. Labium (Fig. 4E, F): well developed; prementum divided longitudinally into two subcylindrical halves fused basally; labial palps elongate and narrow, two-segmented; segments I and II nearly equal in length.</p><p>Thorax: Pronotum slightly larger than subequal meso- and metanotum; protergite well developed, dorsally covering entire segment, with straight anterior margin, rounded lateral and posterior margins, sagittal line evident; membrane separating pro- and mesonotum, with narrow sclerite possessing rounded posterior margin and sagittal line. Legs (Fig. 5A–E): long, slender, composed of six segments; L3 longest, L1 shortest; CO ovoid, robust, TR short, FE relatively broad, TI narrower, TA narrowest and subcylindrical in form, PT with two long, slender, weakly curved pretarsal claws, posterior claw shorter than anterior claw; spinulae absent.</p><p>Abdomen: Ten-segmented, with segments I – VIII similar in form, bearing a tracheal gill at posterolateral angle; segment IX with two tracheal gills at posterolateral angle; segment I similar in size to metanotum; segments II–VII larger and similar in size; segments VIII–IX gradually becoming smaller; tracheal gills slender, plumose with spinulae on anterior and posterior surfaces; gill of segment I smallest, gills of segments II–V larger and similar in size, gills of segments VI–IX becoming gradually larger posteriorly, with gills of segment IX largest; segment X small and narrow, arising from posteroventral face of segment IX, without tracheal gills and ventral spinulae, bearing four strongly sclerotized terminal hooks; lateral hooks narrower and more elongate, medial hooks broader and less elongate.</p><p>Chaetotaxy: Frontoclypeus: numerous short, hair-like setae posteriorly. Parietal: basal half with one long hair-like seta (PA 6) evident dorsally. Maxilla (Fig. 4C): base of lacinia bearing two straight hair-like setae of subequal length, anterior (MX 5) longer than posterior (MX 6). Legs (Fig. 5A–E): anterior face of CO with three large, stout, spine-like setae (CO 6, CO 8 and CO 9) situated distomedially and one small hair-like seta (CO 10) distoventrally; posterior face proximally with one hair-like seta (CO 12) and two hair-like setae (CO 11 and one probably additional or secondary seta) distally; anterior face of TR with one short hair-like seta (TR 3) and one long hair-like seta (TR 4) ventrodistally; posterior face of TR with one short hair-like seta (TR 5) ventrodistally; anterior face of FE distally with two short spine-like setae, one (FE 2) dorsally and another (FE 3) ventrally; posterior face of FE distally with one longer spine-like seta (FE 4) and two small spine-like setae (FE 5 and FE 6); anterior face of TI with one long hair-like seta (TI 1) proximally and three short spine-like setae distally (TI 2, TI 3 and TI 4); posterior face of TI distally with one long spine-like seta (TI 5) and two short spine-like setae (TI 6 and TI 7); anterior face of TA with one long spine-like seta at mid-length dorsally (TA 1) and two short spine-like setae distally (TI 2 and TI 4); posterior face of TA with two short setae distally (TA 5 and TA 6); anterior face of PT with one short spine-like seta on basoventral portion (PT 1). Abdomen (Fig. 5F, G): segment X with two long hair-like setae paramedially.</p><p>Differential diagnosis</p><p>The genus is monotypic. The generic diagnosis provided above separates the species from all other known species based on larvae.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F787C01E550B28FF0B7F3EFB59FA16	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gustafson, Grey T.;Michat, Mariano C.;Balke, Michael	Gustafson, Grey T., Michat, Mariano C., Balke, Michael (2020): Burmese amber reveals a new stem lineage of whirligig beetle (Coleoptera: Gyrinidae) based on the larval stage. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 189: 1232-1248
