taxonID	type	description	language	source
03E987E06E595460FF70F9A8FC66F8B9.taxon	description	(Figs. 3, 4) Mycobank: — MB 819384	en	Friedrich, Raquel C. S., Shrestha, Bhushan, Salvador-Montoya, Carlos A., Tomé, Luiz M. R., Reck, Mateus A., Góes-Neto, Aristóteles, Drechsler-Santos, Elisandro R. (2018): Ophiocordyceps neonutans sp. nov., a new neotropical species from O. nutans complex (Ophiocordycipitaceae, Ascomycota). Phytotaxa 344 (3): 215-227, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.344.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.344.3.2
03E987E06E595460FF70F9A8FC66F8B9.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — BRAZIL. Santa Catarina: Florianópolis, Parque Estadual da Serra do Tabuleiro, Naufragados, 10 January 2014, Friedrich KEL 113 (holotype FLOR 57336!). Diagnose: — Ophiocordyceps neonutans is morphologically similar to O. nutans, however is more robust.	en	Friedrich, Raquel C. S., Shrestha, Bhushan, Salvador-Montoya, Carlos A., Tomé, Luiz M. R., Reck, Mateus A., Góes-Neto, Aristóteles, Drechsler-Santos, Elisandro R. (2018): Ophiocordyceps neonutans sp. nov., a new neotropical species from O. nutans complex (Ophiocordycipitaceae, Ascomycota). Phytotaxa 344 (3): 215-227, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.344.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.344.3.2
03E987E06E595460FF70F9A8FC66F8B9.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — Referring to the Neotropical locality of the new species and its morphological similarity to O. nutans. Stromata solitary, rarely two, simple or branched (32 – 170 × 1 – 2 mm). Stipe filiform, erect or somewhat curved, black (23 – 151 × 1 mm), becoming orange to orange reddish (47 / 48) towards the uppermost part of the stipe in immature condition and similar to head in color at maturity, pale yellow (9 / 8) when dry. Fertile head apical, well delimited (5 – 19 × 0.9 – 2 mm), cylindrical, oblong to fusiform, orange punctate with brown (12) ostioles of perithecia. Perithecia crowded, obliquely vertical in the head, completely immersed, piriform, always with a long curved neck (550 – 1200 × 130 – 360 mm). Asci 8 - spored, cylindrical, hyaline (220 – 900 × 3 – 8 μm), with a prominent cap. Ascospores parallel, smooth, filiform, almost as long as the asci; hyaline, multiseptate, easily fragmenting into 64 part-spores; part-spores cylindrical (6 – 15 × 1.2 – 3 μm), or slightly barrel-shaped. Mycelia inside insect body is slightly pink with a cork appearance. Spore mass is white.	en	Friedrich, Raquel C. S., Shrestha, Bhushan, Salvador-Montoya, Carlos A., Tomé, Luiz M. R., Reck, Mateus A., Góes-Neto, Aristóteles, Drechsler-Santos, Elisandro R. (2018): Ophiocordyceps neonutans sp. nov., a new neotropical species from O. nutans complex (Ophiocordycipitaceae, Ascomycota). Phytotaxa 344 (3): 215-227, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.344.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.344.3.2
03E987E06E595460FF70F9A8FC66F8B9.taxon	biology_ecology	Host and distribution: — On adult stinkbugs belonging to subfamilies Edessinae, Discocephalinae and Pentatominae of Pentatomidae (Hemiptera). Mature specimens were mostly collected from November to April. They were recorded for the Cerrado (State of Mato Grosso) and Atlantic forest (States of Santa Catarina, Paraná and São Paulo) domains of Brazil. Although the specimens were collected in different ecosystems, they were always found near rivers or in areas with high mean annual rainfall.	en	Friedrich, Raquel C. S., Shrestha, Bhushan, Salvador-Montoya, Carlos A., Tomé, Luiz M. R., Reck, Mateus A., Góes-Neto, Aristóteles, Drechsler-Santos, Elisandro R. (2018): Ophiocordyceps neonutans sp. nov., a new neotropical species from O. nutans complex (Ophiocordycipitaceae, Ascomycota). Phytotaxa 344 (3): 215-227, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.344.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.344.3.2
03E987E06E595460FF70F9A8FC66F8B9.taxon	discussion	Remarks: — Ophiocordyceps neonutans is frequently collected as a single, black stroma, with a cylindrical orange head in hosts buried in the upper 1 – 2 cm of the leaf litter. The arrangement of ascospores within the asci is parallel for the entire length of the asci, indicating that the ascospores are approximately of the same length as asci. The anamorph could occur in the same stroma, right beneath the fertile head in the orange part of the stipe, or in another stroma (Fig. 3 A, 3 B). Ophiocordyceps neonutans is very similar to O. nutans from Asia (Type I and Type II); however, it slightly differs in stromata colour and shape, perithecia shape and width (Fig. 4), host species and geographic distribution. Ophiocordyceps neonutans is more similar in micromorphology to O. nutans Type I (Sasaki et al. 2012), but in macromorphology, it is more similar to O nutans Type II. It is worth noting that the hosts of O. nutans Type II are more similar as those of O. neonutans (Pentatomoidea). Ophiocordyceps neonutans appears to be larger and more robust than the Asian specimens. Additionally, O. neonutans has a more crowded stroma with perithecia, the fertile orange region is cylindrical to fusoid, never ovoid, and parasitizes different subfamilies of Pentatomidae. Ophiocordyceps neonutans is also morphologically similar to O. tricentri that has been recorded only from Asia, parasitizing spittlebugs (Hemiptera), and with different color of stipe, shapes of perithecia and ascospores (Shrestha & Sung 2005, Shrestha 2011). Ophiocordyceps neonutans also has similar characteristics to few other species in the “ sphecocephala ” clade, however all species of that clade are parasites of different host species (Stensrud et al. 2005). Other examined specimens: — BRAZIL. Santa Catarina: Florianópolis, Costão do Santinho, Trilha das aranhas, 23 September 2013, Friedrich KEL 56 (FLOR 57331!); ibidem, 27 January 2014, Friedrich KEL 129 (FLOR 57313!); ibidem, Morro da lagoa da Conceição, 02 December 2013, Friedrich KEL 60 (FLOR 57387!); ibidem, Naufragados, 28 October 2012, Urrea-Valencia SURREA 185 (FLOR 51012!); ibidem, Naufragados, 30 April 2013, Mafalda-Freire FMF 101 (FLOR 57401!); ibidem, Naufragados, 28 October 2013, Furtado ANMF 349 (FLOR 57404!); ibidem, Naufragados, 10 January 2014, Friedrich KEL 105 (FLOR 57332!); ibidem, Unidade de Conservação Ambiental Desterro, 20 December 2011, Jaeger MJ 103 A (FLOR 57379!); ibidem, Unidade de Conservação Ambiental Desterro, 09 November 2013, Friedrich KEL 46 (FLOR 57389!); sine datum, 2013, Mafalda-Freire FMF 50 (FLOR 57399!); Joinville, Vale do Piraí, 25 January 2014, Linhares FTF 109 (FLOR 57396!); Joaçaba, 06 August 2012, Urrea-Valencia SURREA 160 (FLOR 50987!); Santo Amaro da Imperatriz, Trilha da cachoeira, 30 October 2012, Magnago ACM 448 (FLOR 57405!); ibidem, Trilha da cachoeira, 02 February 2013; Friedrich KEL 1 (FLOR 57392!); ibidem, Trilha da cachoeira, 21 March 2014, Friedrich KEL 158 (FLOR 57391!); ibidem, Trilha da pousada, 16 November 2013, Magnago ACM 545 (FLOR 57406!). Paraná: Curitiba, Parque Barigui, 26 January 2014, Linhares FTF 120 (FLOR 57395!); Paranaguá, Piraquara, Morro do canal, 04 September 2013, Mafalda-Freire FMF 123 (FLOR 57400!); ibidem, Morro do canal, 26 January 2014, Linhares FTF 121 (FLOR 57394!). Mato Grosso: Parque Nacional Chapada dos Guimarães, 26 March 2013, Mafalda-Freire FMF 88 (FLOR 57397!). São Paulo: Itoporanga, 16 December 2014, G. Alves-Silva GAS 697 (FLOR 57409!). Additional examined specimens: — JAPAN. Fukushima: December 2006, 06 Fuka 1!; ibidem, December 2006, 06 Fuka 2!; ibidem, December 2006, 06 Fuka 3!; ibidem, December 2006, 06 Fuka 7!. Kagoshima: sine datum, 2004, 04 Yak 1!; ibidem, 2004, 04 Yak 2!; ibidem, September 2006, 06 Yak 1!. Hokkaido: Ebetsu city, October 2006, 6 N 11!. Kyoto, June 2006, 06 Tank 1!; ibidem, June 2006, 06 Tank 2!; ibidem, June 2006, 06 Tank 11!. UKRAIN. Primorski land: Khasanski district, valley forest, 27 July 1957, E. Z. Koval s / n (KW 567400!).	en	Friedrich, Raquel C. S., Shrestha, Bhushan, Salvador-Montoya, Carlos A., Tomé, Luiz M. R., Reck, Mateus A., Góes-Neto, Aristóteles, Drechsler-Santos, Elisandro R. (2018): Ophiocordyceps neonutans sp. nov., a new neotropical species from O. nutans complex (Ophiocordycipitaceae, Ascomycota). Phytotaxa 344 (3): 215-227, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.344.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.344.3.2
