identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03E1CC745C03FFB22BDC6EA6B7B78F85.text	03E1CC745C03FFB22BDC6EA6B7B78F85.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Kalligrammatinae Handlirsch 1906	<div><p>Subfamily Kalligrammatinae Handlirsch, 1906 –1908 [1906]</p><p>(= Oregrammatinae Yang et al., 2014b, syn. nov.)</p><p>Emended diagnosis. Mouthparts long, sucking (siphonate) [short, chewing (mandibulate) in Sophogrammatinae; unknown in Liassopsychopinae]. Female abdomen bearing long sabre-like ovipositor [unknown in other subfamilies]. Both fore- and hind wings: trichosors absent [present in Liassopsychopinae, Sophogrammatinae; unclear in Kallihemerobiinae]; eyespot present in most species, at least in forewing [absent in both fore- and hind wings of Sophogrammatinae]. Forewing: Sc and RA distally fused (except Oregramma aurelosum Yang et al., 2014b) [not fused in Liassopsychopinae]; humeral veinlet simple, not recurrent [strongly recurrent and branched in Liassopsychopinae, Sophogrammatinae, at least some Kallihemerobiinae]; at most only basal-most branch of RP (i.e., RP1) separately originating on RA [at least two proximal branches of RP separately originating on RA in Kallihemerobiinae; all branches of RP originating on stem of RP in Liassopsychopinae, Sophogrammatinae]; posterior trace of MP bears several anteriorly-directed branches [MP dichotomously or almost forked in Liassopsychopinae; very shallowly forked in Sophogrammatinae]; posterior trace of MP, CuA, CuP, A1 sub-parallel for long distance [not parallel in Liassopsychopinae, Sophogrammatinae]; CuA, CuP, A1 forked shallowly distally [deeply, often dichotomously forked in Liassopsychopinae]; A2 long, pectinately forked [short in Liassopsychopinae]. Hind wing: CuP often deeply forked [shallowly forked in Sophogrammatinae; pectinately forked in Kallihemerobiinae; unknown in Liassopsychopinae]; A2 strongly pectinately forked [unknown in Liassopsychopinae; unclear in Kallihemerobiinae].</p><p>Genera included. Kalligramma Walther, 1904, Sinokalligramma Zhang, 2003, Oregramma Ren, 2003, sit. nov., Abrigramma Yang et al., 2014b, sit. nov., and? Makarkinia Martins-Neto, 1992 .</p><p>Remarks. The genus Makarkinia is provisionally assigned to this subfamily. Its three species are incompletely preserved (see below).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E1CC745C03FFB22BDC6EA6B7B78F85	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Makarkin, Vladimir N.;Ansorge, Jörg	Makarkin, Vladimir N., Ansorge, Jörg (2025): Redescription of Kalligramma haeckeli Walther, 1904 (Neuroptera: Kalligrammatidae), a Jurassic paleontological icon, allows the redefinition of Kalligrammatinae. Zootaxa 5659 (1): 69-86, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5659.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5659.1.4
03E1CC745C02FFB32BDC6EA6B5788FB0.text	03E1CC745C02FFB32BDC6EA6B5788FB0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Kalligramma Haeckeli. Walther 1904	<div><p>Genus Kalligramma Walther, 1904</p><p>Kalligramma Walther, 1904: 184 [ Neuroptera: family not specified]; Kolbe in Walther, 1904: 186 [ Osmylidae]; Handlirsch, 1906 –1908 [1906]: 610 [ Kalligrammidae (sic)]; Martynova, 1947: 2055, 2057 [ Kalligrammatidae].</p><p>Kalligrammula Handlirsch, 1919: 62 [ Kalligrammidae (sic)]; Martynova, 1947: 2056, 2058 [ Kalligrammatidae], syn. nov.</p><p>Limnogramma Ren, 2003: 106 [ Kalligrammatidae], syn. nov.</p><p>Type genus. Kalligramma haeckeli Walther, 1904, by monotypy.</p><p>Diagnosis. May be separated from other genera of Kalligrammatinae by combination of following wing character states: one eyespot present in both fore- and hind wings [absent in both wings of Abrigramma, in hind wings of Oregramma]; subcostal veinlets mainly forked in forewing [all or most subcostal veinlets simple in Oregramma, Abrigramma]; CuP deeply forked in hind wing (except for five species in which it is shallowly forked) [CuP pectinately branched in Sinokalligramma].</p><p>Species included. Twenty species from the Middle Jurassic to Early Cretaceous of Eurasia: Kalligramma albifasciatum Yang et al., 2014a, K. brachyrhynchum Yang et al., 2014b, K. circularium Yang et al., 2014b, K. delicatum Liu et al., 2015a, K. elegans Yang et al., 2014a, K. hani (Makarkin et al., 2009), comb. nov., K. latum (Liu et al., 2015), comb. nov., K. mongolicum (Makarkin et al., 2009), comb. nov. and K. paradoxum Liu et al., 2014 from the late Middle/ early Late Jurassic of Daohugou (China); K. jurarchegonium J. Zhang &amp; H.C. Zhang, 2003 from the late Middle/ early Late Jurassic of Haifanggou Formation (China); K. flexuosum Panfilov, 1968, K.? karatavicum (Martynova, 1947), comb. nov., K. karatensis (Liu et al., 2015), comb. nov., K. multinerve Panfilov, 1968, and K. sharovi Panfilov, 1968 from the late Middle/ early Late Jurassic of Karatau (Kazakhstan); K. haeckeli, K. senkenbergianum (Handlirsch, 1919), comb. nov. from the early Tithonian of Solnhofen (Germany); K. liaoningense Ren &amp; Guo, 1996 and K. mirum (Ren, 2003), comb. nov. from the Early Cretaceous of the Yixian Formation (Huangbanjigou); K.? roycrowsoni Jarzembowski, 2001 from the Early Cretaceous (Valanginian) Wadhurst Clay Formation (Wealden) of Tunbridge Wells (UK).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E1CC745C02FFB32BDC6EA6B5788FB0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Makarkin, Vladimir N.;Ansorge, Jörg	Makarkin, Vladimir N., Ansorge, Jörg (2025): Redescription of Kalligramma haeckeli Walther, 1904 (Neuroptera: Kalligrammatidae), a Jurassic paleontological icon, allows the redefinition of Kalligrammatinae. Zootaxa 5659 (1): 69-86, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5659.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5659.1.4
03E1CC745C02FFB72BDC6A7CB54B8FCD.text	03E1CC745C02FFB72BDC6A7CB54B8FCD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Kalligramma haeckeli Walther 1904	<div><p>Kalligramma haeckeli Walther, 1904</p><p>Figs 3–9</p><p>Kalligramma Haeckeli Walther, 1904: 184; Pl. 8 [original description; photograph of the holotype]; Handlirsch 1906 –1908 [1906]: 611; Pl. 48, Fig. 12 [redescription; reconstruction of the fore- and hind wing venation]; Wannach 1910: 159, Pl. 5, Fig. 14 [reconstruction of the fore- and hind wing venation by Handlirsch (1906 –1908)]; Handlirsch 1911: 183; Pl. 10, Fig. 17 [reconstruction of the holotype]; Zittel 1915: Fig. 1448 [photograph of the holotype]; Bölsche 1916: 69, Fig. 10 [photograph of the holotype]; Tornquist 1916: 225, Fig. 68 [photograph of the holotype]; Abel 1917: 52, 53, Figs 25, 26 [photograph of the holotype and its reconstruction by Handlirsch (1911)]; Handlirsch 1919: 61, 62; Abel 1920: 128, Fig. 183 [reconstruction of the holotype by Handlirsch (1911)]; Handlirsch 1920 –1921 [1920]: 196, Fig. 163 [reconstruction of the holotype by Handlirsch (1911)]; Zittel 1921: Fig. 1447 [photograph of the holotype]; Abel 1922: 514, 515, 517, Fig. 425 [reconstruction of the holotype by Handlirsch (1911)]; Schaffer 1924: 337, Fig. 410 [reconstruction of the holotype by Handlirsch (1911)]; Zittel 1924: Fig. 1456 [photograph of the holotype]; Abel 1926: Fig. 17 [reconstruction of the holotype by Handlirsch (1911)]; Bölsche 1931: 154, Fig. 72 [simplified reconstruction of the holotype by Handlirsch (1911)]; Wagner 1931: 473, Bild 390 [reconstruction of the holotype by Handlirsch (1911)]; Jeannel 1946: 60, Pl. 11, Fig. 64 [reconstruction of the holotype by Handlirsch (1911)].</p><p>Kalligramma haeckeli: Paoli 1913: 38, Fig. 24 [reconstruction of the holotype by Handlirsch (1911)]; Berlese 1925: 172, Fig. 177 [reconstruction of the holotype by Handlirsch (1911)]; Cockerell 1928: 128; Hennig 1932: 422, Fig. 195 [reconstruction of the holotype by Handlirsch (1911)]; Handlirsch &amp; Beier 1936: 1454, Fig. 1522 [reconstruction of the holotype by Handlirsch (1911)]; Martynova 1947: 2055–2057; Grassé 1949: 70, Fig. 73 [reconstruction of the holotype by Handlirsch (1911)]; Martynova 1949: 167; Rohdendorf 1949: 84, Fig. 75 [reconstruction of the holotype by Handlirsch (1911)]; Laurentiaux 1953: 480; Brues et al. 1954: 816, Fig. 1186 [reconstruction of the forewing venation by Handlirsch (1906 – 1908)]; Lotze 1955: Fig. 63 [reconstruction of the holotype by Handlirsch (1911)]; Shvanvich 1959: Fig. 175 [reconstruction of the holotype by Handlirsch (1911)]; Martynova 1962: Fig. 865 [reconstruction of the fore- and hind wing venation by Handlirsch (1906 –1908)]; Kéler 1963: Fig. 158 [reconstruction of the holotype by Handlirsch (1911)]; Kuhn 1963: Fig. 42 [reconstruction of the holotype by Handlirsch (1911)]; Müller 1963: 218, Fig. 298 [reconstruction of the holotype by Handlirsch (1911)]; Panfilov 1968: 166–170; Hennig 1981: 386; Jarzembowski 1984: Fig. 33 [simplified reconstruction of the holotype by Handlirsch (1911)]; Wellnhofer 1988: 88 [photograph of the holotype]; New 1989: 3, Figs 1 [reconstruction of the holotype by Handlirsch (1911)], 2 [reconstruction of the fore- and hindwing venation by Handlirsch (1906 –1908)]; Barthel et al. 1990: Fig. 7.46 [photograph of the holotype]; Carpenter 1992: 351, Fig. 195.4 [reconstruction of the fore- and hind wing venation by Handlirsch (1906 –1908)]; Seibold 1992: Front cover [reconstruction of the holotype by Handlirsch (1911)]; Frickhinger 1994: 154, Fig. 308 [photograph of the holotype]; Rumbucher 1995: Fig. 5 [reconstruction of the holotype by Handlirsch (1911)]; Ren &amp; Guo 1996: 465; Mayr 2000: 146–151, Figs 1, 2 [photographs of the holotype], Fig. 7 [reconstruction of the holotype by Handlirsch (1911)]; Andersen 2001: 434; Jarzembowski 2001: 56, 57; Zhang &amp; Zhang 2003: 301, 303, 305; Scheven 2004: Fig. on p. 71 [photograph of the holotype]; Liu et al. 2014: 66, 68; Yang et al. 2014a: 918, 919; Yang et al. 2014b: 2 (Table), 11; Liu et al. 2015a: 339, 441; Khramov et al. 2020: 896.</p><p>Calligramma [sic] haeckeli: Franz 1924: 544, Fig. 537 [reconstruction of the holotype by Handlirsch (1911)].</p><p>Kalligramma Häckeli: Endriss 1927: 383, Fig. 563 [photograph of the holotype]</p><p>Kalligramma: Dacqué 1936: 129, Fig. 87 [photograph of the holotype].</p><p>Holotype. BSPG 1902 I 6 (part, counterpart), deposited in Bayerische Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und Geologie, München [=Munich], Germany [Paläontologisches Museum München].An incomplete specimen missing the left forewing and all legs; body very poorly preserved, partly hidden by the right hind wing. Solnhofener Bruch [= Solnhofen quarry] southwest of Solnhofen, Bavaria, Germany; Late Jurassic (early Thitonian), Weissjura-Gruppe, Altmühltal Formation (Niebuhr 2015), Solnhofen Subformation, Malm Zeta 2 a/b (Quenstedt 1856 –1857), Hybonotum-Zone (ca. 150 Ma, Hesselbo et al. 2020).</p><p>Verbatim label data: (1) [original label] [typed] Palaeontologisches Museum / no [handwritten] 1902 I 6 / Kalligramma Haeckeli / Walther / Lithograph. Schiefer / [typed] Von / [handwritten] Solnhofen/ Orig. Walther Haeckel Festschrift / [typed] München; (2) [label of 1913 to 1934] [typed] No. 1902. I. 6 [red square glued to the label] 1307 / Kalligramma Haeckeli. Walther / Lithographischer Schiefer./ Solnhofen/ [handwritten] Holotyp.[us] u.[nd] [typed] Orig.[inal] z.[u] Walther Haeckel Festschrift; (3) [lable of Franz Xaver Mayr, 1934] [typed] Staatl.[iche] Samml.[ung] f[ür]. Paläontol.[ogie] u.[nd] Hist.[orische] Geologie. / No. [handwritten by Franz Xaver Mayr] Nach Grimm:/ Solnhofener Bruch / b.[ei] Solnhofen/ F.M. [= Franz Xaver Mayr] 1934 / [typed] München; (4) [probably latest label] [typed] Bayer.[ische]. Staatssammlung f[ür]. Paläontologie u[nd]. histor[ische]. Geologie München/ (BSP)/ No. [handwritten] 1902 I 6 / Kalligramma Haeckeli WALTHER / Untertithon. Solnhofener Plattenkalke / Solnhofen/ Holotypus + Original zu Walther 1904 / s. 184, Taf. 8.</p><p>Diagnosis. Large species, with hind wing ca. 100 mm long [smaller, with hind wing less than 100 mm (except K. jurarchegonium)]. Forewing: Cubital space (between CuA, CuP) very narrow [moderately broad, at least basally in other species]. Hind wing: CuP deeply forked [shallowly forked in K. jurarchegonium, K. sharovi, K. liaoningense].</p><p>Description. Head ca. 5 mm wide (in dorsal view), with two long (ca. 10 mm), slender elements of mouthparts (probably maxillary or labial palps). Mesonotum ca. 10 mm wide, with large mesoscutum (Fig. 4). Abdomen ca. 40 mm long, details not discernible.</p><p>Right forewing broadly oval, 113 mm long as preserved (estimated complete length ca. 115 mm), ca. 51 mm wide. Costal space moderately broad, slightly narrowed towards fusion of Sc and RA, then dilated distally. All preserved subcostal veinlets forked: in basal part deeply forked, but not forked near margin; in middle and distal parts shallowly forked with two to four short branches (often these branches forked again near margin). Costal crossveins numerous, not arranged to gradate series. Subcostal space relatively broad throughout entire length, with dense crossveins. Sc fused distally RA; Sc+RA with few branches (poorly preserved). RA space slightly narrower than subcostal space in proximal half, nearly equal in distal half. RP with 12 branches (eleven branches proximad fusion of Sc and RA). RP1 dichotomously forked (most deeply forked comparing with other branches of RP); RP2–RP9 distally dichotomously forked; distal parts of RP10–RP12 not preserved. Basal part of M not preserved. MA strongly concave, thinner in proximal part then RP1 and MP1, distally dichotomously forked. Posterior trace of MP with four preserved anteriorly-directed branches. MP1 pectinately branched, with four dichotomously forked branches; MP2–MP4 dichotomously forked distally. Cu dividing into CuA, CuP very close to wing base (this part not preserved); both nearly parallel and close each other for most length. CuA very poorly, fragmentarily preserved, strongly convex; close to CuP through entire length. CuP concave, probably dichotomously forked distally (this part incompletely preserved). A1 very long, with four to five distal pectinate branches (partially not preserved), which forked one to three times. A2 long, strongly pectinately forked, with nine branches: five proximal branches dichotomously forked; sixth branch twice forked; seventh and eighth once forked; ninth simple. A3 fragmentarily preserved, short. Trichosors not detected, probably absent. Eyespot very poorly preserved; only rounded concave structure (ca. 6 mm in diameter) prominent (central pigmented disc? swelling?).</p><p>The left forewing was not detected during early preparation attempts (Walther 1904, p. 184) and appears not to be preserved.</p><p>Hind wing broadly triangular, 93 mm long as preserved (left wing) (estimated complete length ca. 100 mm), ca. 69 mm wide. Costal space moderately broad, strongly dilated distally (its basal-most part not preserved). Basal subcostal veinlets not forked, other forked: shallowly forked once to twice in proximal half; dichotomously forked in distal part. Costal crossveins numerous, not arranged to gradate series. Subcostal space moderately broad, with dense crossveins. Sc fused distally RA; Sc+RA dichotomously forked. RA space slightly narrower than subcostal space, with dense crossveins. RP originates close to wing base (right wing), with 11 branches (of these, ten branches proximad fusion of Sc and RA) in left wing. RP1 originates at RP, deeply dichotomously forked. RP 2 in left wing incomplete, forked proximad RP1 fork; its anterior branch fused with RP3, posterior branch not fused with other branches. RP3 to RP9 similarly configured, deeply (to varying degree) dichotomously forked. RP10, RP11 twice forked distally. M forked basally. MA strongly concave, dichotomously forked distally. Posterior trace of MP nearly straight, with five anteriorly-directed branches (right wing). MP1 pectinately branched, with four (left wing) to five (right wing) dichotomously forked branches; MP2–MP5 dichotomously forked. Cross-venation in radial, radiomedial, medial spaces very dense, becoming rarer distally. Fork of Cu not preserved, probably near wing base. CuA rather close to MP, distally pectinately branched with four/five dichotomously forked branches. CuP forked very deeply; anterior branch pectinate, with three dichotomously forked branches; posterior branch dichotomously forked distally. A1 long, close to posterior branch of CuP, dichotomously forked distally. A2 long, pectinately branched, with eight dichotomously forked branches. A3 short, probably dichotomously forked (incompletely preserved). Trichosors not detected, probably absent. Eyespot poorly preserved; presumed central pigmented disc ca. 13 mm in diameter; two elongate-oval embossed swellings ca. 6 mm long.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E1CC745C02FFB72BDC6A7CB54B8FCD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Makarkin, Vladimir N.;Ansorge, Jörg	Makarkin, Vladimir N., Ansorge, Jörg (2025): Redescription of Kalligramma haeckeli Walther, 1904 (Neuroptera: Kalligrammatidae), a Jurassic paleontological icon, allows the redefinition of Kalligrammatinae. Zootaxa 5659 (1): 69-86, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5659.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5659.1.4
