identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03E1983CFFEFFFEAFCB57472FC9CFE70.text	03E1983CFFEFFFEAFCB57472FC9CFE70.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cryptalaus Ohira 1967	<div><p>Genus Cryptalaus Ôhira, 1967</p><p>Cryptalaus Ôhira 1967: 97 .</p><p>Type species: Alaus putridus Candèze, 1857 (by original designation).</p><p>As a subgenus of Alaus Eschscholtz, 1829 . Raised to genus level by Ôhira (1990: 21).</p><p>Notes. Members of this genus possess the following characteristics: Narrow body; pubescence brownish, of varied tonalities, forming regular or irregular patterns; head with supra-antennal ridges bearing two angular projections; pronotum strongly convex and with simple discal spots of dark pubescence, with median tubercle near the base; prosternal lobe rounded; mesoventrite with sides of mesoventral cavity horizontal; metaventral median suture furrowed near base; free margin of metacoxal plate with small lobe; basal region of elytra strongly sloped, with third interval costate, apices emarginate and acutely mucronate; abdominal ventrite 5 rounded in male, fringed with elongate, stiff setae; aedeagus with parameres acuminate and each with a lateral incisure, ventro-apical portions membranous (Casari 2008; Casari-Chen 1994; Johnson 2001). We redescribe C. nodulosus below along with images of adult external morphology and male genitalia.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E1983CFFEFFFEAFCB57472FC9CFE70	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Chandran, Nithya;Dubey, Anil Kumar	Chandran, Nithya, Dubey, Anil Kumar (2020): Redescription of Cryptalaus nodulosus (Waterhouse, 1877), New Combination (Coleoptera: Elateridae) from the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. The Coleopterists Bulletin 74 (4): 659-666, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-74.4.659, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-74.4.659
03E1983CFFE9FFEEFF2F7698FC88FEE6.text	03E1983CFFE9FFEEFF2F7698FC88FEE6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cryptalaus nodulosus (Waterhouse 1877)	<div><p>Cryptalaus nodulosus (Waterhouse, 1877), new combination</p><p>(Figs. 1–14)</p><p>Alaus nodulosus Waterhouse 1877: 4; Schwarz 1906: 38; Schenkling 1925: 47.</p><p>Remarks. Alaus nodulosus is clearly distinct from other species of Alaus, which are otherwise only known from the New World (Casari 1996; Casari-Chen 1994; Neboiss 1967). Characters of A. nodulosus agree with the generic characteristics of Cryptalaus given above. Therefore, Cryptalaus nodulosus (Waterhouse), new combination is proposed here for this species.</p><p>The following diagnostic characters given in the original description were clearly identified: Pronotum raised along the midline; anterior margin of pronotum with two approximate, prominent tubercles projecting over the head; elytra more or less spotted with brown, with large brownish-black spot on lateral margin; elongate paler spot near the base of elytral interval 4; apex of each elytron is emarginate in male. Cryptalaus nodulosus is morphologically most similar to Cryptalaus putridus (Candèze, 1857) and Cryptalaus larvatus pini (Lewis, 1894) in having the pronotum longer than wide, with two small black spots near median line, median longitudinal line convex and with tubercles near anterior median margin, as well as the elytron with semicircular spot on lateral margin and apex emarginate. Cryptalaus nodulosus differs from C. putridus and C. larvatus pini in having two approximate tubercles which project over the head (much larger, more prominent, and closer together than those in C. putridus); also, C. larvatus pini possesses dull black and gray scale-like setae, whereas C. nodulosus is covered with light brown setae; in the male genitalia the median lobe is gradually narrowed to apex in C. larvatus pini whereas median lobe abruptly tapering near distal third in C. nodulosus (Choi et al. 2019; Waterhouse 1877). In addition, the pronotal posterior angle is more acuminate in C. larvatus pini compared to C. nodulosus.</p><p>Redescription. Male. (Figs. 1–4) Body length 27.5–31.0 mm; width 8.0– 9.1 mm; elongaterectangular, dorsally moderately convex, blackish brown covered with light brown and black, short, scale-like, closely appressed setae. Antennomere 1 black, antennomeres 2 and 3 with sparse setae; antennomeres 4–11 with very short, fine, brown setae and a few longer erect apical setae. Mandible covered with long, light brown setae in basal half. Labrum covered with erect brown setae. Elytra covered with closely appressed light brown and black spots on surface; each elytron with dark semicircular patch at lateral margin. Head: Nearly rectangular; including eyes 3.1–3.7 mm long, 4.2–4.6 mm wide, declivous from vertex to frons, conspicuously concave beyond middle; anterior margin arcuate; antero-lateral margin round; supraantennal ridge bearing angular projection, punctures shallow, round, irregularly placed, sparse to closely arranged, separated by less than their own diameter. Eye large and round. Mandible broader in basal half and narrowed towards apex, apex blunt, glabrous, not dentate; small depression present dorsomedially from which brown setae arise. Labrum transverse, small. Antenna not reaching hind angle of pronotum, reaching a little anterior to procoxal cavity at rest; antennomere 1 longest, cylindrical, gradually convex towards apex, outer apex projected; antennomere 2 smallest, bead-like; antennomeres 3–10 serrate; antennomere 11 elongate, apex truncate; antennomere 1 three times longer than antennomere 3 and two times longer than antennomere 4. Pronotum: Length 8.3–9.2 mm; width 7.5–8.7 mm, sides nearly parallel; widest at posterior angle; median line conspicuously convex longitudinally, ending in pair of pointed tubercles at anterior median margin projected over head; anterior margin inwardly arcuate; anterior angle rounded and projected to nearly half length of eye; narrow depression originating behind anterior margin medially and extending to near anterior angle; posterior margin with median tubercle; side with shallow depression, not reaching lateral margin, lateral margin slightly arcuate; posterior angle acute, slightly divergent, with short, distinct carina; anterior to posterior median tubercle, distinct short transverse carina medially; punctures on disc round, shallow, separated by a distance less than their own diameter. Hypomeron and prosternum: Prosternum distinctly convex medially, longitudinally concave laterally, including margin of hypomeron where antenna rests; base of lateral margin of prosternal process between procoxae with shallow groove; prosternal lobe weakly developed; punctures similar to those of pronotum; hypomeron with shallow depression at posterior margin for reception of protarsi; outer posterior margin abruptly sloping, distinctly notched medially and then weakly arcuate. Scutellar shield (Fig. 4): 1.5 times longer than wide; surface almost flat. Mesoventrite: Punctures indistinct, inner margin of mesoventral cavity elongate, sides parallel, U-shaped posteriorly, posterior margin of cavity weakly emarginate; mesocoxal cavity open to both mesepimeron and mesanepisternum. Metaventrite: Punctures round, shallow, smaller than those of pronotum and separated by a distance equal to their diameters; shallow median groove extending from posterior to middle; metacoxal plate broadened medially, gradually narrowed laterally. Leg: Femur stout; tibia slender; tarsal claws at base each with two long setae; tarsomeres ventrally covered with short, dense, brush-like setae. Elytra: Elongate, together twice as long as wide, widest near middle; anterior margin arched and distinctly projected anteriorly near middle; convex medio-anteriorly and sloping towards apex, either side of scutellar shield conspicuously concave or depressed; humerus rounded; lateral margins nearly parallel in basal half, widest near middle and weakly narrowed toward apex; elytral apex shallowly emarginate; lateral angle extended, mucronate; each elytron with nine distinct striae formed by lines of uniformly spaced punctures separated by a distance more than their diameter; punctures slightly larger and deeper towards outer margin; interstriae weakly convex on basal half and almost flattened toward distal half. Abdomen: Ventrites with punctures fine and widely spaced at middle, separated by a distance more than their diameters; larger and denser toward margin, separated by a distance nearly equal to their diameters; last ventrite rounded apically, fringed with short setae; intercoxal process pointed at apex; abdominal tergite VIII (Fig. 5) 1.4 times as wide as long, widest at base, with a wide V-shaped notch anteriorly, surface finely punctate, with short setae, margin covered with moderately dense, long setae; sternite VIII (Fig. 7) 1.4 times as wide as long, widest at base, membranous in middle, margin finely punctate with moderately dense setae, abdominal tergites IX–X (Fig. 6) closely articulated, tergite IX widest at base, 1.9 times as wide as long, emarginate medially and at apex; tergite X forming a small plate attached to tergite IX, notched in middle, distal margin round and membranous; sternites IX and X (Fig. 8) closely articulated, elongate, partly membranous; sternite IX 1.9 times as long as wide, antero-lateral margin darkened, band-like, anterior margin emarginate medially, distal margin round; sternite X formed by two darkened elongate plates connected medially by membrane. Male genitalia (Figs. 9, 10): Phallobase U-shaped; paramere with lateral margin slightly concave near middle, distal third with lateral tooth and surface covered with a few setae; apex of paramere pointed, curved and appearing closely attached to median lobe; median lobe 1.2 times longer than paramere, abruptly tapering near distal third and with apex pointed, with long basal strut reaching nearly above phallobase.</p><p>Material Examined. INDIA: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=92.53972&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.543" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 92.53972/lat 10.543)">Andaman Islands</a>: South Andaman District: 3♂♂, Little Andaman, light house road bridge, near sea shore, at light, 11.ix.2018, 10° 32.5800 N, 92° 32.3830 E, A. K. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=92.7382&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=11.7199335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 92.7382/lat 11.7199335)">Dubey</a>; 1♂, South Andaman, Mt. Harriet National Park, 3.viii.2018, 11° 43.1960 N, 92° 44.2920 E, A. K. Dubey (ANRC/ZSI) (Fig. 14).</p><p>Type Material. Examined from photographs (Figs. 11–13), courtesy of Keita Matsumoto, NHMUK.</p><p>There is only a single type specimen of Alaus nodulosus in the NHMUK collection, a syntype ♀, pinned and labeled as: “ Alaus nodulosus (Type) C. Waterh.” (handwritten label), “ SYNTYPE ” (round label with blue border), “Type” (round label with red border), “ ♀ ”, “NHMUK011220618”. Although Waterhouse described both sexes in the original description, only one syntype female is available from the type series and the whereabouts of any male specimen(s) described are not known.</p><p>Non-Type NHMUK Material Examined. 1♂, Andamans (Roepstorff) Prob. 81–61., C. M. F. Von Hayek det. (crossed out) 1982. (NHMUK011520855); 1♂, Andamans, Janson coll., 1903–130. (NHMUK011520865); 1♂, Andamans, Janson coll., 1903–130., Alaus nodulosus, C. O. Waterh. (NHMUK011520866); 1♂, Captn. Wimberley, Andaman Islands, Fry Coll., 1905.100. (NHMUK011520874); 1♀, Andamans, Janson coll., 1903–130., Alaus nodulosus, C. O. Waterh. JESI, 1877. P.4 (NHMUK011520858); 9♀♀, Andamans, Janson coll., 1903–130., (NHMUK011520857, NHMUK011520859, NHMUK 011520860, NHMUK011520861, NHMUK 011520863, NHMUK011520864, NHMUK 011520867, NHMUK011520869, NHMUK011520872); 1♀, Captn. Wimberley, Andaman Islands, Fry Coll., 1905.100., Alaus nodulosus, C. O. Wat. (N H M U K0 11 5 2 0 8 7 0); 1♀, Andamans, Janson coll., 1903–130., Alaus nodulosus, C. O. Waterh. (NHMUK011520871); 1♀, Andamans (NHMUK011520873); 1♀, 44722, Captn. Wimberley, Andaman Islands, Fry Coll., 1905.100. (NHMUK011520876); 1♀, Nicobars ( Roepstorff) (NHMUK011520877); (specimens without sex label) Andamans ( Roepstorff) Alaus nodulosus Waterh. Prob. 81–61., C. M. F. Von Hayek det. (crossed out) 1982. (NHMUK011520853); Andamans ( Roepstorff) Prob. 81–61, C. M. F. Von Hayek det. (crossed out) 1982. (NHMUK011520854); Andaman Is., 81–61, Prob. Roepstorff. C. M. F. Von Hayek det. (crossed out) 1982 (NHMUK011520856); Andamans, Janson coll., 1903–130 (NHMUK011520862). Examined from photographs [photographs by Matsumoto (2020)].</p><p>A total of 23 non-type specimens were observed from NHMUK, among which four were labeled as males, 15 were labeled as females and another four were without label data on the sex. Most of the specimens were from the Andaman Islands, and one was labeled as from Nicobar Islands, adding this archipelago as a new distribution record for C. nodulosus. All NHMUK records are from 1905 or prior, and none contain precise collection data. Our records above represent the first known collections of the species in 113 years, and the first with detailed locality and capture data.</p><p>Distribution. India: Andaman and Nicobar Islands.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E1983CFFE9FFEEFF2F7698FC88FEE6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Chandran, Nithya;Dubey, Anil Kumar	Chandran, Nithya, Dubey, Anil Kumar (2020): Redescription of Cryptalaus nodulosus (Waterhouse, 1877), New Combination (Coleoptera: Elateridae) from the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. The Coleopterists Bulletin 74 (4): 659-666, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-74.4.659, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-74.4.659
