identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03E39648FFE4FFD8399DF9EAFA09FEC9.text	03E39648FFE4FFD8399DF9EAFA09FEC9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Homoeomma Ausserer 1871	<div><p>Genus Homoeomma Ausserer, 1871</p><p>Homoeomma Ausserer, 1871, type species by subsequent designation Homoeomma stradlingi O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1881 . Simon, 1903: 936; Raven, 1985: 150; Gerschman &amp; Schiapelli, 1972: 241; Pérez-Miles et al., 1996; 52 Lucas &amp; Indicatti, 2015: 210; World Spider Catalog, 2025.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Males of Homoeomma differ from those of other Theraphosinae by a tegular apophysis at the base of the palpal bulb, with the length that is greater than the width of the base, together with the angle formed between the embolus and the bulb, which ranges from 135º to 90º (Fig. 2A–C) (except Tmesiphantes). From Tmesiphantes, males differ by the metatarsus of leg I being positioned between the branches of the tibial apophysis of leg I when flexed (Fig. 2G).</p><p>Females of Homoeomma differ from other Theraphosinae females by the spermathecae with two receptacles that are not constricted at the apex and divided by a non sclerotized basal semicircular membranous (Fig. 4I).</p><p>Description</p><p>Small to medium-sized spiders (15.44–46.85). Carapace longer than wide, with fovea procurved. Chelicera without rastellum, with prolateral row of larger teeth and small basal grouping of smaller teeth (except in males of H. montanum and H. villosum); intercheliceral tumescence absent in all species. Eye tubercle wider than long, with anterior row of eyes procurved and posterior row recurved. Narrow clypeus. Labium wider than long, with large variation in number of cuspules ca. 10–100, occupying apical third. Maxillae with ca. 30–100 cuspules concentrated at basal prolateral portion. Sternum circular or oval, longer than wide, with one to three pairs of elongated sigilla. Stridulatory apparatus absent. Metatarsi with apical ventral scopula, divided or not by median longitudinal rows of larger setae. Anterior scopula wider than posterior ones. Tarsi with entire ventral surface scopulated, divided or not by median longitudinal rows of large setae. All tarsi without spines and present well-developed subungual tufts. Upper tarsal claws present on all pedal tarsi, with median row of teeth. Inferior tarsal claws absent. Two pairs of spinnerets. Posterior middle spinnerets unsegmented, short. Posterior lateral spinnerets three-segmented, with a digitiform apical segment. Abdomen with a rounded dorsal area of urticating hairs. Urticating setae type III present in all males and females. Urticating setae type IV present in males of H. villosum, H. uruguayense, H. toriyamai, H. minimum, H. poqui, H. espinozai, H. chilensis and H. orellanai and in females of H. familiare, H. brasilianum, H. elegans, H. montanum, H. uruguayense, H. villosum, H. toriyamai, H. minimum and H. poqui . In other species, type IV setae may be absent or detached. Males have an palpal bulb embolus with strong torsion; thick embolus, with an angle close to 90º in relation to main axis of bulb, PS keel present and PI keel present or not. Tegular apophysis at base of bulb with a length that exceeds base width. Bilobed cymbium, with larger retrolateral lobe than prolateral one. Tibial apophysis with single base, smaller prolateral branch and larger retrolateral branch. Metatarsus I may have a basal nodule, folding between branches of tibial apophysis, touching the apex or median part of the branches. Females have spermathecae with two receptacles that are not constricted at the apex and divided by an unsclerotized basal semicircular membrane (except in H. familiare, in which this membrane is absent).</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, and Uruguay (Fig. 1A–D). This review does not cover Chilean species.</p><p>Key for species of Homoeomma from Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay</p><p>Males</p><p>1 Metatarsus I with basal rounded shape nodule (Figs 4G, 5H, 8G)............................................ 2</p><p>- Metatarsus I without basal nodule.................................................................... 3</p><p>2 PS present (Fig. 8A–B)..................................................................... H. villosum</p><p>- PS absent (Fig. 5A–B)...................................................................... H. elegans</p><p>3 Distal keel present (Fig. 6A)......................................................................... 4</p><p>- Distal keel absent................................................................................. 5</p><p>4 PS and PI keel well pronounced (Fig. 6A–B).................................................. H. montanum</p><p>- PS and PI keel low pronounced (Figs 2A–B, 3A–B)............................................. H. familiare</p><p>5 PI with strong serration at the base (Fig. 7A)................................................ H. uruguayense</p><p>- PI with two teeth in PI keel (Fig. 4B)....................................................... H. brasilianum</p><p>Females</p><p>1 Membranous base of spermathecae present (Figs 4I, 6I, 7I, 8I).............................................. 2</p><p>- Membranous base of spermathecae absent (Fig. 2I, 3E).......................................... H. familiare</p><p>2 Femur III thickened compared to other femora.................................................. H. villosum</p><p>- Femur III not thickened............................................................................. 3</p><p>3 Seminal receptacles with two apices (Fig. 4I)................................................ H. brasilianum</p><p>- Seminal receptacles with one apex.................................................................... 4</p><p>4 Receptacles with numerous granules (Fig. 7I)............................................... H. uruguayense</p><p>- Receptacles without granules (Fig. 6I)....................................................... H. montanum</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E39648FFE4FFD8399DF9EAFA09FEC9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Galleti-Lima, Arthur;Yamamoto, Flávio U.;Lucas, Sylvia M.;Guadanucci, José Paulo L.;Brescovit, Antonio D.	Galleti-Lima, Arthur, Yamamoto, Flávio U., Lucas, Sylvia M., Guadanucci, José Paulo L., Brescovit, Antonio D. (2026): Morphological revision of the species of Homoeomma Ausserer, 1871 (Araneae: Theraphosidae) from Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay. Zootaxa 5752 (2): 211-237, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5752.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5752.2.3
03E39648FFE2FFDA399DFE4EFC7DF905.text	03E39648FFE2FFDA399DFE4EFC7DF905.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Homoeomma familiare Bertkau 1880	<div><p>Homoeomma familiare Bertkau, 1880</p><p>Figs 2 and 3</p><p>Homoeomma familiaris Bertkau, 1880: 37, fig. 11 (holotype, ♀, from Tijuca, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, BRAZIL, lost, not examined); Schiapelli &amp; Gerschman, 1961: 203, fig. 9.</p><p>Homoeomma stradlingi O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1881: 683, pl. 60, figs 1–7 (holotype, ♀, from Bahia, BRAZIL, 7.III.1880, Dr. Stradling col., 2 ♂ without labels, BRAZIL, FUY examined photos provided by Ray Gabriel). Syn. nov.</p><p>Agathostola strabo Simon, 1892: 163 (holotype, ♂, COLOMBIA, MNHN 8100, not examined); Simon, 1903: 936; Gerschman &amp; Schiapelli, 1972: 251, figs 23–34. Syn. nov.</p><p>Homoeomma strabo: Simon, 1903: 936.</p><p>Eurypelma regina Chamberlin, 1917: 49, plate 4, fig. 1. (holotype, ♂, from Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, BRAZIL, Nathaniel Thayer Expedition col., MCZ 56, paratype, ♀, from Macacos, Rio de Janeiro, BRAZIL, W. Roberts col., MCZ 57, examined by photos provided by C. A. Rheims); Gerschman &amp; Schiapelli, 1972: 251, figs 23–34 (Syn. with H. strabo).</p><p>Grammostola familiaris: Mello-Leitão, 1921: 303.</p><p>Plesiopelma regina: Mello-Leitão, 1923: 182.</p><p>Homoeomma familiare: Schmidt, 2003: 170, fig. 394</p><p>Diagnosis. Males differ from those of other Homoeomma species by the presence of an apical keel on the embolus, although poorly developed (Figs 2A, 3A). In addition, they have a slight median enlargement of the embolus and a discrete distal keel in the retrolateral view of the embolus (Figs 2B, 3B). The female of H. familiare differs from those of other species by the absence of a membranous base on the spermathecae (Figs 2I, 3E).</p><p>Material examined. BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Juiz de Fora [21°45'35.3"S, 43°21'28.6"W], 1♂, 23.VIII.1978, Ação Social Arquidiocesana col., (IBSP 104375), lost voucher; Rio de Janeiro: Angra dos Reis, RPPN Fazenda do Tanguá [23°00'53.7"S, 44°21'28.9"W], 1♂, VIII–IX.2009, C.A. Souza et al., col., (IBSP 316011); Mangaratiba, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-43.18661&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.51389" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -43.18661/lat -22.51389)">Ilha de Jaguanum</a> [22°59'52.4"S, 43°55'51.5"W], 1♂, S. Albuquerque col., (IBSP 104147C), lost voucher; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-43.18661&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.51389" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -43.18661/lat -22.51389)">Duque de Caxias</a>, Parada Angélica [22°37'01.5"S, 43°12'23.0"W], 1♂, Granja Santos Vieira, (MNRJ 13715), lost voucher; Nova Friburgo, Fazenda <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-43.18661&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.51389" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -43.18661/lat -22.51389)">Rio Grande</a>, 1♂, 12.IV.2001, Pinesche col., (IBSP 110000), lost voucher; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-43.18661&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.51389" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -43.18661/lat -22.51389)">Macaé de Cima</a> [22°24'03.3"S, 42°30'42.5"W], 1♂, 18.IV.1987, R. Sachsse col., (MNRJ 3905), lost voucher; Paraíba do Sul, Fazenda Recreio, 1♂, 19.IX.1990, A.C.O. Rodrigues col., (MNRJ 13619), lost voucher; Petrópolis [22°30'50.0"S, 43°11'11.8"W], 1♀,no data,no col.,Gershman e Schiapelli det.,(MNRJ13578),lost voucher;Petrópolis[22°30'50.0"S, 43°11'11.8"W], 1♂, 2022, V. Ghirotto col., (CAD 1934); no data, no collector, 1♀, Gershman &amp; Schiapelli det., (MNRJ 13578), lost voucher; Pinheiral [22°29'53.2"S, 44°01'08.2"W], 1♂, W. Bücherl col., (MNRJ 113608), lost voucher; Rio de Janeiro [22°54'56.2"S, 43°17'48.5"W], 1♂, 30.VII.1974, J.U. Circe col., (IBSP 104147D), lost voucher; Pedra Branca, Serra da Barata [22°54'38.9"S, 43°26'55.3"W], 1♂, VI.1957, B. dos Prazeres col., (MNRJ 13755), lost voucher; Teresópolis [22°24'54.9"S, 42°58'38.1"W], 1♂, 30.VIII.1979, S. Albuquerque col., (IBSP 104147A), lost voucher; Parque Nacional Serra dos Órgãos [22°28'48.0"S, 43°03'34.4"W], 1♂, IX.1952, J. Vidal col., (MNRJ 13004), lost voucher; 1♂, 03.XI.1925, A.M. Teles &amp; C. Silva col., (MNRJ 13580), lost voucher; 2♂ e 1♀, 31.III.1977, R.W. Waltermath col., (IBSP 104242), lost voucher; IX.1981, 1♂, Klimase col., (IBSP 104683), lost voucher; São Paulo: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-43.18661&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.51389" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -43.18661/lat -22.51389)">São José do Rio Preto</a> [20°48'20.1"S, 49°22'52.3"W], 1♂, 3.XI.1960, N. Tingarine col., (MNRJ 13756), lost voucher; São Paulo, Raposo Tavares highway, km. 43 [23°05'10.7"S, 49°31'46.4"W], 1♂, 10.VII.1974, I. Gomes col., (IBSP 104147B), lost voucher .</p><p>Remarks. The female holotype of H. familiare, collected in Tijuca, municipality of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil is considered lost. The illustration of spermathecae, description information and collect data provided in Bertkau (1880, plate 1, fig. 11) are similar to those of H. stradlingi and supports the synonymy of H. stradlingi with H. familiare . The spermathecae illustration (Fig. 2I) belongs to specimen IBSP 4242, which was lost in the fire. Examination of the male types of Homoeomma strabo and Eurypelma regina, according to Gerschman &amp; Schiapelli (1972), showed no differences, even though one of the types is from Colombia. A difference in the size of the PS keel was detected between the male from MNRJ and the holotype of E. regina . After analyzing the males studied by FUY (later lost in the fire at IBSP and MNRJ), we consider that these variations in size of the PS keel are interspecific polymorphisms. As noted by Sherwood et al. (2018), this location (Colombia) may be a labeling error.</p><p>Redescription</p><p>Male (CAD 1934).</p><p>Color (in alcohol): carapace, chelicerae, legs and dorsal abdomen brown, covered by reddish setae. Ventral abdomen brown, and sternum and coxae brown covered by reddish setae. Maxillae and labium brown. Live specimens show more intense colors. Type III urticating setae. Type IV not found (probably detached). Total length: 31.26 (chelicerae not included). Carapace elongated: length 16.59, width 14.98. Abdomen: length 14.67. Clypeus absent. Eye tubercle slightly elevated, oval: length 16.59, width 2.73. Anterior eye row slightly procurved, posterior slightly recurved.</p><p>Eyes and interdistances:AME 0.58, ALE 0.58, PME 0.54, PLE 0.54, AME–AME 0.22, AME–ALE 0.15, ALE– ALE 1.30, PME–PME 1.01, PME–PLE 0.09, PLE–PLE 1.71, AME–PME 0.10, ALE–PLE 0.07, Thoracic fovea straight, short, deep: width 2.63. Chelicerae basal segment with 11 well-developed teeth on furrow promargin, and group of ca. 8 small teeth on proximal area of furrow. Intercheliceral tumescence absent. Maxillae with ca. 100 cuspules, located on anterior inner corner. Labium trapezoidal: length 2.97, width 3.43, with ca. 100 cuspules. Sternum oval: length 7.93, width 7.26; with three pairs of oval sigilla separated by their diameter from edge.</p><p>Palpal bulb: poorly developed inferior prolateral keel and a well-developed superior prolateral keel, a thick embolus with a curvature of approximately 90 degrees in relation to the axis of the bulb, with an arrow-shaped distal apex. Distal part of embolus has discrete distal keel in retrolateral view (Fig. 2B and 3B). A well-developed tegular process, with triangular shape in pro-and retrolateral views (Figs 2A–B, 3A–B).</p><p>Tibial apophysis: formed by two branches with single base: prolateral branch smaller, with retrolateral spine; retrolateral branch larger with apical spine. Metatarsus I flexes between two branches of tibial apophysis, touching both medially (Fig. 2 G–H).</p><p>Superior tarsal claws with six small teeth on midline. Tarsal scopula: I entire, with longitudinal band of some long and conical setae; II entire, with longitudinal band of some long and conical setae; III entire, with longitudinal band of some long and conical setae; IV entire, with longitudinal band of some long and conical setae. Metatarsal scopula, extension: I more than distal half, with longitudinal band of some long and conical setae; II more than distal half, with longitudinal band of some long and conical setae; III on distal half; IV on distal 1/3. Leg formula 4132 (Table 1).</p><p>Spination (proximal to distal): Palp: femur (p) 0-0-ap1; patella 0; tibia (p) 0-2-ap1. Leg I: femur 0; patella (v) 0-0-2ap; tibia (p) 1-2-ap1, (r) 0-1-ap1, (v) 2-5-0; metatarsus (p) 0-1-0, (v)1-1-ap1; Leg II: femur (p) 0-0-ap1, (v) 0-0-1; patella (p) 1-1-1, (v) 0-0-1; tibia (p) 2-3-3, (r) 0-1-0, (v) 3-2-ap3; metatarsus (d) 1-1-1, (p) 1-1-0, (v) 0-4-ap2. Leg III: femur (p) 0-0-2, (r) 0-0-2; patella (p) 0-1-0, (r) 0-1-0; tibia (p) 1-3-1, (r) 1-1-1, (v) 2-1-ap2; metatarsus (p) 0-1-0, (v)1-1-ap1; Leg IV: femur (r) 0-0-2; patella (p) 0-0-1, (v) 0-0-ap1; tibia (p) 0-2-2, (v) 3-4-ap2; metatarsus (p) 1-2-ap1, (r) 1-2-ap1, (v) 2-10-ap2.</p><p>Female (paratype, MCZ 57)—see Gerschman &amp; Schiapelli (1972).</p><p>Distribution. Known only from the states of Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo (Fig. 1A), and Colombia (the holotype of H. strabo) and Bahia (holotype of H. stradlingi).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E39648FFE2FFDA399DFE4EFC7DF905	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Galleti-Lima, Arthur;Yamamoto, Flávio U.;Lucas, Sylvia M.;Guadanucci, José Paulo L.;Brescovit, Antonio D.	Galleti-Lima, Arthur, Yamamoto, Flávio U., Lucas, Sylvia M., Guadanucci, José Paulo L., Brescovit, Antonio D. (2026): Morphological revision of the species of Homoeomma Ausserer, 1871 (Araneae: Theraphosidae) from Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay. Zootaxa 5752 (2): 211-237, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5752.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5752.2.3
03E39648FFE0FFD4399DF90FFC59FC9C.text	03E39648FFE0FFD4399DF90FFC59FC9C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Homoeomma brasilianum (Chamberlin 1917)	<div><p>Homoeomma brasilianum (Chamberlin, 1917)</p><p>Fig. 4</p><p>Calopelma brasiliana Chamberlin, 1917: 44, pl. 3, figs 3–4 (holotype, ♂, from Rio de Janeiro, BRAZIL, Thayer col. Expedition, MCZ 25, examined from photographs by FUY.)</p><p>Calopelma moreirae Mello-Leitão, 1923: 149, figs. 45–47 (holotype, ♂, from Corcovado Mountain, Rio de Janeiro, BRAZIL, MNRJ 31, examined by FUY, currently lost in MNRJ fire); Gerschman &amp; Schiapelli, 1972: 245, figs 1–10 (syn. with C. brasiliana).</p><p>Homoeomma brasilianum: Gerschman &amp; Schiapelli, 1972: 245, figs 1–10.</p><p>Diagnosis. Males of H. brasilianum differ from those of other species (except H. elegans, H. villosum, H. chilense, H. orellanai, H. toriayamai and H. minimum) by having a basal rounded nodule on the retrolateral face of metatarsus I (Fig. 4G); from H. elegans, H. orellanai, H. toriayamai and H. minimum differs by having two small teeth (T) in PI keel (Fig. 4B); from H. villosum and H. chilense, they differ by the absence of PS keel (Fig. 4A). Females of H. brasilianum differ from those of other species by having spermathecae with two bilobed receptacles and the internal lobe being smaller than the external one (Fig. 4I).</p><p>Material examined. BRAZIL. Rio de Janeiro: Itatiaia, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-44.64428&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.366833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -44.64428/lat -22.366833)">Parque Nacional de Itatiaia</a> [22°22'00.6"S, 44°38'39.4"W], 1♂, 21.III.1977, R.W. Waltermath col., (IBSP 104539B), lost voucher ; São Paulo: Bananal, Estação Ecológica de Bananal [22°48'23.3"S, 44°22'03.6"W], 7♂, 13–25.IV.2004, A. Monteiro col., (MZSP 23724, 23726), lost vouchers; Cotia, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-45.945835&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.636084" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -45.945835/lat -23.636084)">Caucaia do Alto</a> [23°41'55.3"S, 47°01'02.7"W], 1♂, III.2003, A. Nogueira &amp; F.S. Cunha col., (IBSP 113053), lost voucher; Cunha [23°04'28.1"S, 44°57'39.7"W], 1♂, 21.III.1977, R.W. Waltermath col., (IBSP 104539C), lost voucher; Iguape, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-45.945835&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.636084" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -45.945835/lat -23.636084)">Estação Ecológica Juréia-Itatins</a> [24°21'24.9"S, 47°00'46.1"W], 1♂, IV.1999, H.F. Japyassú col., (IBSP 110647), lost voucher; Mairiporã [23°19'17.0"S, 46°35'11.1"W], 1♂, R.L. Salgado col., (IBSP 107064), 1♂, (IBSP 107063), lost voucher; Nazaré Paulista [23°10'56.1"S, 46°23'53.6"W], 1♂, V.1999, J.G.S. Braga col., (IBSP 111723), lost voucher; Salesópolis, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-45.945835&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.636084" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -45.945835/lat -23.636084)">Estação Biológica de Boracéia</a> [23°38'09.9"S, 45°56'45.0"W], 1♀, 22.V.2001, (IBSP 111364); 1♂, 1964, (MZSP 3949) ; São Paulo, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-47.50822&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.963196" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -47.50822/lat -23.963196)">Serra da Cantareira</a> [23°24'48.7"S, 46°35'55.6"W], 1♂, X.1968, A. Platzer col., (IBSP 100305B), lost voucher; Tapiraí [23°57'47.5"S, 47°30'29.6"W], 1♀, I.1999, C.A. Falcetti col., (IBSP 109666), lost voucher .</p><p>Remarks. Photographs of the male palpal bulb and tibial apophysis of the holotype of Calopelma brasiliana supports its transfer to Homoeomma . Furthermore, we have also confirmed the identification of many H. brasilianum specimens from the collections (IBSP and MZSP) examined by FUY. The specimens from the IBSP and MNRJ examined by FUY (except the specimens used for redescription here), were destroyed during the fires in these museums. The male used for redescription here (IBSP 7064) had its embolus damaged, for this reason we used illustrations made by FUY of the individual IBSP 13053 (lost in the fire).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E39648FFE0FFD4399DF90FFC59FC9C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Galleti-Lima, Arthur;Yamamoto, Flávio U.;Lucas, Sylvia M.;Guadanucci, José Paulo L.;Brescovit, Antonio D.	Galleti-Lima, Arthur, Yamamoto, Flávio U., Lucas, Sylvia M., Guadanucci, José Paulo L., Brescovit, Antonio D. (2026): Morphological revision of the species of Homoeomma Ausserer, 1871 (Araneae: Theraphosidae) from Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay. Zootaxa 5752 (2): 211-237, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5752.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5752.2.3
03E39648FFEDFFD1399DFA7FFEDEF9F9.text	03E39648FFEDFFD1399DFA7FFEDEF9F9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Homoeomma elegans (Gerschman & Schiapelli 1958)	<div><p>Homoeomma elegans (Gerschman &amp; Schiapelli, 1958)</p><p>Fig. 5</p><p>Tmesiphantes elegans Gerschman &amp; Schiapelli, 1958: 4, figs 6–10 (holotype, ♂, from Misiones, Tabuna, Dept. Frontera, ARGENTINA, XI/1953, W. Partridge col., deposited in MACN 4041, examined by FUY).</p><p>Homoeomma elegans: Gerschman &amp; Schiapelli, 1972: 245, figs 40–44.</p><p>Diagnosis. The male of H. elegans differs from those of other species of Homoeomma (except H. brasilianum, H. villosum, H. chilense, H. orellanai, H. toriayamai and H. minimum) by having a basal rounded nodule on the retrolateral face of metatarsus I (Fig. 5H). It differs from males of H. brasilianum, H. chilense and H. orellanai by having a smooth PI keel, from H. villosum by having a narrower embolus and without PS keel (Fig. 5A); from males of H. toriayamai by having an embolus with a curvature of approximately 90 degrees in relation to the axis of the bulb (more than 130 degrees in H. toriayamai) and from males of H. minimum by the longer digitiform process of bulb.</p><p>Material examined. BRAZIL. São Paulo: Capão Bonito [24°00'05.7"S, 48°20'40.1"W], 1♂, 06.XII.1978, A. Campanha col., (IBSP 104389), lost voucher; Pilar do Sul, Fazenda Moquém, 2♂, XII.1981, E. Oliveira col., (IBSP 104692), lost voucher; Ribeira, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-47.814804&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.641666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -47.814804/lat -23.641666)">Rio Ouro Grosso</a>, 1♂, 29.XI.2004, F. Stender-Oliveira &amp; R.R. Scartozzoni col., (IBSP 112170), lost voucher; Rio dos Criminosos, 2♂, 29.XI.2004, (IBSP 112171), lost vouchers; Sarapuí [23°38'30.0"S, 47°48'53.3"W], 1♂, 16.XI.1982, A. Gerard col., (IBSP 111175), lost voucher; Paraná: Adrianópolis [24°39'32.2"S, 48°59'27.0"W], 1♂, 2.XII.2004, F. Stender-Oliveria col., (IBSP 112169), lost voucher; Candói/Mangueirinha, Usina Hidrelétrica de Salto Segredo [25°47'23.6"S, 52°06'42.2"W], 1♂, R. Bertani col., (IBSP 107066), lost voucher; 1♀, 8.IX.1996, (IBSP 108965), lost voucher; 1♀, 7.V.1996, S.A.A. Morato col., (IBSP 110663), lost voucher; 1♀, born in captivity, mother from Usina Hidrelétrica Salto Segredo, (IBSP 110766), lost voucher; Curitiba [25°26'02.2"S, 49°16'45.8"W], 1♀, sem data, sem col., (MHNCI 2628), lost voucher; 1♂, 26.XII.1967, (IBSP 103835); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-54.59133&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.517889" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -54.59133/lat -25.517889)">Foz do Iguaçú</a> [25°31'04.4"S, 54°35'28.8"W], 1♂, 2018, no data, no col., (CAD 1935); ARGENTINA. Misiones, 1♂, II.1955, W. Partridge col., (MACN 6369) .</p><p>Redescription</p><p>Male (IBSP 103835).</p><p>Color (in alcohol): carapace, legs and abdomen dorsally reddish brown. Sternum, coxae and abdomen ventrally light brown. Live specimens show more intense colors. Type III urticating setae. Type IV not found (probably detached). Total length: 27.28. Carapace elongated: length 14.02, width 12.15. Abdomen: length 13.26. Clypeus absent. Eye tubercle slightly elevated, oval: length 14.02, width 2.27. Anterior eye row slightly procurved, posterior slightly recurved.</p><p>Eyes and interdistances:AME 0.48, ALE 0.48, PME 0.42, PLE 0.54, AME–AME 0.22, AME–ALE 0.03, ALE– ALE 1.19, PME–PME 0.90, PME–PLE 0.04, PLE–PLE 1.56, AME–PME 0.09, ALE–PLE 0.05. Thoracic fovea procurved, short, deep: width 2.70. Chelicerae basal segment with 12 well-developed teeth on furrow promargin, and group of ca. 3 small teeth on proximal area of furrow. Intercheliceral tumescence absent. Maxillae with ca. 100 cuspules, located on anterior inner corner. Labium trapezoidal: length 1.76, width 2.04, with ca. 100 cuspules. Sternum oval: length 6.69, width 6.02; with three pairs of oval sigilla separated by their diameter from edge.</p><p>Palpal bulb: with a well-developed inferior prolateral keel, thick embolus with curvature of approximately 90 degrees in relation to axis of bulb, slightly narrower and with arrow-shaped distal apex. Well-developed digitiform process, with slight prolateral inclination and digitiform shape in all views (Figs 5A–C).</p><p>Tibial apophysis: formed by two branches with single base, prolateral branch smaller, with retrolateral spine; retrolateral branch larger. Metatarsus I with basal rounded nodule on retrolateral face, well developed. In addition, metatarsus I flexes between branches of tibial apophysis, touching both subapically (Fig. 5G).</p><p>Superior tarsal claws with 6 small teeth on midline. Tarsal scopula: I entire; II entire; III entire; IV entire, with longitudinal band of some long and conical setae. Metatarsal scopulae, extension: I more than distal half; II more than distal half; III on distal half; IV on distal 1/3. Leg formula 1423 (Table 3). Spination (proximal to distal): Palp: femur 0; patella 0; tibia 0. Leg I: femur (p) 0-0-1; patella 0; tibia (p) 1-0-ap1, (v) 0-1-ap1; metatarsus (p) 1-0-ap1, (v) 0-0-ap2; Leg II: femur (p) 0-0-1; patella 0; tibia (p) 1-01, (r) 0-0-1, (v) 0-1-ap1; metatarsus (d) 0-1-1, (p) 0-2- ap3, (r) 0-3-1, (v) 1-3-ap3. Leg III: femur (p) 0-0-1; patella 0; tibia (p) 1-3-ap1, (r) 0-1-1; metatarsus (p) 1-0-ap1, (v) 0-0-ap2; Leg IV: femur 0; patella 0; tibia (p) 1-0-1, (v) 0-2-ap1; metatarsus (p) 1-2-2, (v) 1-3-ap3.</p><p>Female. Unknown.</p><p>Distribution. Wide distribution, occurring in Misiones, Argentina, and in Brazil, in the states of Paraná and São Paulo (Fig. 1B).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E39648FFEDFFD1399DFA7FFEDEF9F9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Galleti-Lima, Arthur;Yamamoto, Flávio U.;Lucas, Sylvia M.;Guadanucci, José Paulo L.;Brescovit, Antonio D.	Galleti-Lima, Arthur, Yamamoto, Flávio U., Lucas, Sylvia M., Guadanucci, José Paulo L., Brescovit, Antonio D. (2026): Morphological revision of the species of Homoeomma Ausserer, 1871 (Araneae: Theraphosidae) from Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay. Zootaxa 5752 (2): 211-237, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5752.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5752.2.3
03E39648FFEBFFD2399DF91FFEC0FC9C.text	03E39648FFEBFFD2399DF91FFEC0FC9C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Homoeomma montanum (Mello-Leitao 1923)	<div><p>Homoeomma montanum (Mello-Leitão, 1923)</p><p>Fig. 6</p><p>Tmesiphantes montanus Mello-Leitão, 1923: 139 .</p><p>Cyclothorax cyclothorax Mello-Leitão, 1923: 342, figs 48–50 (syntypes, 2 ♂ and 2 ♀, from Itatiaia, Rio de Janeiro, BRAZIL. C. Moreira col., MNRJ 16, examined by FUY, currently lost, generic name preoccupied).</p><p>Cyclothoracoides cyclothorax: Strand, 1929: 17 (replacement generic name).</p><p>Butantania hirsuta Mello-Leitão, 1935: 359, figs 5–8 (holotype, ♂, from Itatiaia, Rio de Janeiro, BRAZIL; 19/IV/1934, J. Lima Junior col., IBSP 103446, examined by FUY); Syn. nov.</p><p>Homoeomma hirsutum: Pérez-Miles et al., 1996: 52, fig. 26.</p><p>Homoeomma montanum: Gerschman &amp; Schiapelli, 1972: 249, figs 11–17; Cavallo &amp; Ferretti 2015: 880 (Syn. of Cyclothoracoides cyclothorax); Lucas &amp; Indicatti, 2015: 210.</p><p>Diagnosis. Males differ from those of other Homoeomma species by the presence of a well-developed distal keel (Fig. 6A). In addition, males of H. montanum has pronounced PS and PI keels (absent in males of H. brasilianum, H. elegans and H. uruguayense) (Fig. 6A–C). Females differ from those of other species by having spermathecae receptacles with an apical half narrower than the basal half (Fig. 6I).</p><p>Material examined. BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Delfim Moreira, Bairro São Bernardo [22°30'31.4"S, 45°16'51.2"W], 02.IV.2014, Nogueira et al., col. (IBSP 225165); Lima Duarte, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-43.883335&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.699915" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -43.883335/lat -21.699915)">Parque Estadual de Ibitipoca</a> [21°41'59.7"S, 43°53'00.0"W], 151♂, 2♀ e 2j, IX.1997, A. de Oliveira &amp; B.M. Souza col., (IBSP 108254, 108255, 108388, 108400, 108401, 108402, 108403, 108413, 108414, 108416, 108422, 108423, 108424, 108440, 108442, 108444, 108449, 108450, 108451, 108452, 108453, 108454, 108456, 108457, 108466, 108472, 108473, 108474, 108492, 108875, 108876, 108877, 108878, 108879, 108880, 108881, 108882, 108883, 108884, 111717), lost vouchers; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-43.902973&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.711945" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -43.902973/lat -21.711945)">Parque Estadual do Ibitipoca</a>, mata altitude [21°42'43.0"S, 43°54'10.7"W], 1♂, 23.X.1994, (MNRJ 14999), lost voucher; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-46.56811&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.79911" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -46.56811/lat -21.79911)">Poços de Caldas</a> [21°47'56.8"S, 46°34'05.2"W], 14♂, Equipe Biota col., (IBSP 112246–112251), lost vouchers; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-46.017555&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.86111" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -46.017555/lat -22.86111)">Monte Verde</a> [22°51'40.0"S 46°01'03.2"W], 1♂, 25.X.1977, W. Bücherl col., (IBSP 104281), lost voucher; Sapucaí Mirim [22°44'49.3"S, 45°44'38.1"W], 1♂, 1953, (MZSP 14881); Rio de Janeiro: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-44.574055&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.491388" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -44.574055/lat -22.491388)">Itatiaia</a> [22°29'29.0"S, 44°34'26.6"W], 2♂ e 1♀, XII.1964, H.N. da Cunha col., (MNRJ 13797), lost voucher; 1♂, 1♀ (MNRJ 022), lost voucher; 3♂, X.1981, Y. Wehr col., (IBSP 104685); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-44.52447&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.438944" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -44.52447/lat -22.438944)">Fazenda Penedo</a> [22°26'20.2"S, 44°31'28.1"W], 1♀, XI.1942, Dr. Araujo col., (MNRJ 16024), lost voucher; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-44.64428&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.366861" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -44.64428/lat -22.366861)">Parque Nacional de Itatiaia</a> [22°22'00.7"S, 44°38'39.4"W], 3♂, X.1981, J. Wehr col., (IBSP 104685A), lost voucher ; 1♂, X.1993, G. Mesdaloni col., (MNRJ 14997), lost voucher; 2♂, 1juv, 8♀, no data, R.P. Indicatti col., 2350 m alt., (IBSP 166760, 166756, 166758, 166755, 166757, 166759, 166754); no data, F.U. Yamamoto, 1♀ (IBSP 167294); 1♀, 3juv, 20–30.V.2013, R.P. Indicatti, F.U. Yamamoto, J.P.P. Barbosa col., 2400 m alt., (IBSP 166238, 166239); 2♀, 1♂, 01.XI.2016, V. Ghirotto col., (CAD 1081, 1085, 1089); 2♀, 17–19.III.2019, R. Fonseca-Ferreira, R.P. Indicatti, I. Meireles &amp; A. Galleti-Lima col., (CAD 1080, 1088); 1♂, 1♀, XI.2016, V. Ghirotto col., (CAD 1090, 1091); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-42.976807&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.414944" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -42.976807/lat -22.414944)">Teresópolis</a> [22°24'53.8"S, 42°58'36.5"W], 1♂, 27.X.1976, R.W. Waltermath col., (IBSP 104539A), lost voucher; São Paulo: Alto da Serra, 1♂, Mello-Leitão col., (IBSP 103709), lost voucher; Bananal, Estação Ecológica de Bananal [22°48'23.8"S, 44°22'04.6"W], 17♂, (MZSP 23723, 23725, 23726, 23729, 23730, 23733); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-45.596333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.73939" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -45.596333/lat -22.73939)">Campos do Jordão</a> [22°44'21.8"S, 45°35'46.8"W], 1♂, A.A. Silva col., (IBSP 104580), lost voucher; 1♂, X.1964, (MZSP 14885); Cotia, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-47.02172&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.6845" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -47.02172/lat -23.6845)">Caucaia do Alto</a> [23°41'04.2"S, 47°01'18.2"W], 1♂, 19.III.2003, Dito André col., (IBSP 12784), lost voucher ; 2♂, III.2003, A. Nogueira &amp; F.S. Cunha col., (IBSP 112246), lost voucher; 1♀ (MZSP 22015); Morro Grande, 1♂ (MZSP 22009); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-46.429474&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.891333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -46.429474/lat -23.891333)">Cubatão</a> [23°53'28.8"S, 46°25'46.1"W], 1♂, V.A. Silva col., (IBSP 107057), lost voucher ; Cunha, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-45.145973&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.33625" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -45.145973/lat -23.33625)">Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar</a>, Núcleo Santa Virgínea [23°20'10.5"S, 45°08'45.5"W], 19♂, 2005, M. Uehara-Prado col., (IBSP 112506–112524),lost voucher; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-46.8185&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.83139" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -46.8185/lat -23.83139)">Embu-Guaçú</a> [23°49'53.0"S, 46°49'06.6"W], 1♂, VI.1982, C.L. Penetto col., (IBSP 104541A), lost voucher; 1♂, 06. VI.1979, G.S. Blauch col., (IBSP 104449), lost voucher; 1♂, 22.04.2003, O.J. Gumiero col., (IBSP 110137); Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar, Núcleo Curucutu, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-46.742805&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.985806" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -46.742805/lat -23.985806)">Paralheiros</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-46.742805&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.985806" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -46.742805/lat -23.985806)">Embura do Alto</a> [23°59'08.9"S, 46°44'34.1"W], 1♂, 18.IX.2016, L.F. Moura col., (IBSP 168561); Ilhabela [23°48'45.8"S, 45°22'04.6"W], 1♂, no data, no col., 600 m alt., (IBSP 167182); Itapecerica da Serra [23°43'08.1"S, 46°51'09.3"W], 2♂, (IBSP 103423A), lost voucher; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-46.9385&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.55" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -46.9385/lat -23.55)">Itapevi</a> [23°33'00.0"S, 46°56'18.6"W], 1♂, 09.IV.1997, M.A.P. Ferreira col., (IBSP 111204), lost voucher; Jacareí, 1♂, XI.2004, A.P. Zannoti col., (IBSP 111080), lost voucher; Jandira, 1♂, V.1988, H. Domingues col., (IBSP 113012), lost voucher; Juquitiba, 1♂, 30.I.1996, K. Yokoo col., (IBSP 107060), lost voucher ; 1♂, J.R. Guedes col., (IBSP 107056), lost voucher; 1♂, VIII.1983, P.C. Palomino col., (IBSP 111725), lost voucher; 2♂, O.P. Silva col., (IBSP 107058), lost voucher; 1♂, I.2000, I.M. Junior col., (IBSP 108041), lost voucher; 1♂, 21.IV.1988, A.R. Obata col., (IBSP 113011), lost voucher; Mogi das Cruzes, 1♂, X.1968, D.S. Sanches col., (100305B); 1♂, 03.V.2001, R. Martins &amp; M. Ferreira col., (IBSP 109039), lost voucher ; 1♂, 08.III.2000, V.N. Mello col., (IBSP 108052), lost voucher; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-46.2&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.499973" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -46.2/lat -23.499973)">Parque Natural Municipal Serra do Itapety</a> [23°29'59.9"S, 46°12'00.0"W], 10♂, 13-19.X.2003 , Equipe Biota col., (IBSP 112239- 12245, 112252), lost vouchers; highway SP88, km 61 [23°33'24.4"S, 46°08'48.8"W], 1♂ (MZSP 14886); Piedade / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-47.50772&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.96339" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -47.50772/lat -23.96339)">Tapiraí</a> [23°57'48.2"S, 47°30'27.8"W], 4♂, 2♀, 12–22.XII.2006, R. Recoder &amp; M. Teixeira Jr. col., (IBSP 113248– 113252, 113455), lost voucher; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-46.41289&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.713112" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -46.41289/lat -23.713112)">Ribeirão Pires</a> [23°42'47.2"S, 46°24'46.4"W], 1♂, 09.V.2002 , V.M.M. Rebelo col., (IBSP 109697, 104453), lost vouchers; Salesópolis, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-45.94636&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.63586" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -45.94636/lat -23.63586)">Estação Biológica de Boracéia</a> [23°38'09.1"S, 45°56'46.9"W], 1♂, 10.I.2006 , M. Uehara-Prado col., (IBSP 113267), lost voucher, 2♂ (MZSP 23716); Santo André, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-46.39742&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.779222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -46.39742/lat -23.779222)">Alto da Serra</a> [23°46'45.2"S, 46°23'50.7"W], 2♂, IV.1981, C. Sivsto col., (IBSP 104641) , lost voucher; 3♂, V.1981, C. Sivsto col., (IBSP 104649), lost voucher; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-46.308777&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.778194" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -46.308777/lat -23.778194)">Paranapiacaba</a> [23°46'41.5"S, 46°18'31.6"W], 1♂, Prefeitura de Santo André col., (IBSP 107045), lost voucher; 1♂, VI.1994, (IBSP 111724), lost voucher; 1♂, 30.III.1964, (IBSP 103683), lost voucher; 1♂, 09.IV.1959, B.M. de Freitas col., (IBSP 103501), lost voucher; 1♂, V. Rocha col., (IBSP 107054), lost voucher; 1♂, V.M. Nascimento col., (IBSP 107061), lost voucher; 1♂, V.2021, H.M.O. Gonzalez-Filho, W. Moeller, R.P. Indicatti col., (CAD 1370); São Bernardo do Campo / São Vicente, 1♂, J.M. Guimarães col., (IBSP 107059), lost voucher; Parque Municipal de São Bernardo do Campo, 1♂, 08.IV.2014, (IBSP 211130) ; São José do Barreiro, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-44.663113&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.942165" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -44.663113/lat -22.942165)">Parque Nacional da Serra da Bocaina</a> [22°56'31.8"S, 44°39'47.2"W], 1♂, 28.IV–03.V.2002, Equipe Biota col., (IBSP 112360), lost voucher; Pousada Recanto da Floresta, 2♂, XI.2013 – I.2014, (IBSP 170464) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-45.31064&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.22175" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -45.31064/lat -23.22175)">São Luis do Paraitinga</a> [23°13'18.3"S, 45°18'38.3"W], 4♂, 1♀, 28.II–01.III.2005, T. Messina col., (IBSP 112994–112997), lost vouchers; São Paulo, 1♂, M.C. Moretti col., (IBSP 107911), lost voucher; Engenheiro Marcilac, 1♂, 08.VIII.1973, A.R. Selgert col., (IBSP 104113), lost voucher; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-47.137253&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.530333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -47.137253/lat -23.530333)">São Roque</a> [23°31'49.2"S, 47°08'14.1"W], 1♂, 21.V.1980, L.S. Pessanha col., (IBSP 104540), lost voucher; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-45.560387&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.784971" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -45.560387/lat -23.784971)">São Sebastião</a> [23°47'05.9"S, 45°33'37.4"W], 1♂, 17.V.2005, J.A. Santos col., (IBSP 111324), lost voucher; Sucupira, 5♂, 1♀, 08.X.1997, (IBSP 111205), lost voucher ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-47.50678&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.963417" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -47.50678/lat -23.963417)">Tapiraí</a> [23°57'48.3"S, 47°30'24.4"W], 1♂, 15.III.1998, C. Falcetti col., (IBSP 108925), lost voucher ; 1♂, V.A. Santinho col., (IBSP 104541C), lost voucher. Paraná: Curitiba, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-49.244804&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.408222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -49.244804/lat -25.408222)">Morro do Cabral</a> [25°24'29.6"S, 49°14'41.3"W], 2♂, 01.VII.2000, (IBSP 112189), lost voucher.</p><p>Remarks. The illustration of male palpal bulb in Gerschman &amp; Schiapelli (1972, figs 12–13) shows the tip of the embolus damaged, making it difficult to compare with other species or identification of conspecific specimens. The genus Butantania was removed from synonymy with Dryptopelma (Raven, 1985) and placed in synonymy with Homoeomma by Pérez-Miles et al. (1996). After FUY examined the holotype of Butantania hirsuta from Itatiaia, Rio de Janeiro, this synonymy was confirmed. Additionally, it was found that it shares the same aspect of the male palpal bulb, tibial apophysis and other characters of H. montanum . Furthermore, the type specimens of both species were collected in the same location (Itatiaia—RJ). Based on this, H. hirsuta is herein considered as junior synonym of H. montanum .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E39648FFEBFFD2399DF91FFEC0FC9C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Galleti-Lima, Arthur;Yamamoto, Flávio U.;Lucas, Sylvia M.;Guadanucci, José Paulo L.;Brescovit, Antonio D.	Galleti-Lima, Arthur, Yamamoto, Flávio U., Lucas, Sylvia M., Guadanucci, José Paulo L., Brescovit, Antonio D. (2026): Morphological revision of the species of Homoeomma Ausserer, 1871 (Araneae: Theraphosidae) from Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay. Zootaxa 5752 (2): 211-237, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5752.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5752.2.3
03E39648FFF7FFCE399DFA7FFCD3FC16.text	03E39648FFF7FFCE399DFA7FFCD3FC16.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Homoeomma uruguayense (Mello-Leitao 1946)	<div><p>Homoeomma uruguayense (Mello-Leitão, 1946)</p><p>Fig. 7</p><p>Hapalotremus uruguayensis Mello-Leitão, 1946: 7, figs 10–11 (holotype, ♂, from Montevideo, URUGUAY, A. Juambeltz col., deposited in the Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Montevideo, Uruguay, not examined); Gerschman &amp; Schiapelli, 1972: 253, figs 45–51.</p><p>Tmesiphantes serratus Gerschman &amp; Schiapelli, 1958: 3, figs 1–5 (holotype, ♂, from Tigre, Buenos Aires, ARGENTINA, 05/10/1937, M.J. Viana col., MACN 247, examined by FUY).</p><p>Homoeomma uruguayensis: Gerschman &amp; Schiapelli, 1972: 253, figs 45–51 (♂, ♀; Syn. with T. serratus).</p><p>Diagnosis. Males of H. uruguayense differs from those of other Homoeomma species by the presence of a strong serration at the base of the PI keel in embolus (Fig. 7A) and metatarsus I of males with evident curvature (Fig. 7H). Females have spermathecae with a membranous base and semicircular receptacles with an apical region of the same width as its base; in addition, these receptacles are endowed with numerous granules (Fig. 7I).</p><p>Material examined. ARGENTINA. Buenos Aires [34°36'25"S, 58°24'17"W], 1♂, V.1965, A. Martinez col., (MACN 6359); 2♂, VII.1962, (MACN 6366); 2♂, V.1974, A. Bachman col., (MACN 6710); Baradeiro, 1♂, I.1971, L.F. Fortieh col., (MACN 6395); 1♂, VI.1971, J.M. Gallardo col., (MACN 6396); General Pacheco [34°27'08"S, 58°38'45"W], 1♂, II.1964, J.A. Charriu col., (MACN 6387); 1♂ (MACN 6390); Pilar [34°28'01"S, 58°54'55"W], 2♂, 1954, G. de Azua col., (MACN 6352); 1♂, 1958, Mavi col., (MACN 6357); San Fernando, 1♂, J.B. Dagrerre col., (MACN 6709); 1♂, X.1957, Abello col., (MACN 6353); San Isidro [34°28'17"S, 58°31'41"W], 1♂, VI.1962, A. Martines col., (MACN 6354); 2♂ 1♀, V.1962, (MACN 6350); 4♂, VI.1952, (MACN 6355); 1♀, V.1962, (MACN 6348); 1♂, V.1964, (MACN 6351); Entre Ríos, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-60.00861&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-31.868889" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -60.00861/lat -31.868889)">La Invernada</a> [32°54'31"S, 60°38'49"W], 1♀, X.1956, J. Aiello col., (MACN 6356); P. N. El Palmar [26°58'11"S, 55°03'35"W], V.1986, 1♂, P. Goloboff col., (MACN); Viale [31°52'08"S, 60°00'31"W], 3♂, IX.1957, Riveira Oliveros col., (MACN 6358); URUGUAY, Lavalleja [33°44'52"S, 54°59'59"W], 1♀, 03.XII.1997, A.D. Brescovit col., (IBSP 111206), lost voucher; Maldonado, Ruta 39, km 66500 [34°50'51"S, 54°56'31"W], 1♂, 07.V.2002, Postiglioni et al. col., (FCE-MY 0313), 1♂ (IBSP 167293); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-55.316666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-34.766666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -55.316666/lat -34.766666)">Piriápolis</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-55.316666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-34.766666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -55.316666/lat -34.766666)">Sierra</a> de las <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-55.316666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-34.766666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -55.316666/lat -34.766666)">Ánimas</a>, 1♀, 20–21.I.1990, F. Costa, F. Pérez-Miles, E. Gudynas &amp; A. Mignone, (IBSP 167295); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-55.316666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-34.766666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -55.316666/lat -34.766666)">Sierra</a> de las <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-55.316666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-34.766666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -55.316666/lat -34.766666)">Ánimas</a>, 1♀, 20–21.I.1990, C. Costa et al. col., (FCE-MY 0696); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-55.316666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-34.766666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -55.316666/lat -34.766666)">Sierra</a> de las <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-55.316666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-34.766666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -55.316666/lat -34.766666)">Ánimas</a> [34°46'00"S, 55°19'00"W], 1♀, VIII.1964, P. San Martin col., (MACN 6962); 2♀, X.1964, (MACN 6361) .</p><p>Redescription</p><p>Male (IBSP 167293).</p><p>Color (in alcohol): carapace, chelicerae, legs brown and dorsal abdomen brown. Ventral sternum legs and abdomen brown. Live specimens show more intense colors. Type III and type IV urticating setae. Total length: 20.78 (chelicerae not included). Carapace elongated: length 6.27, width 7.14. Abdomen: length 7.22. Clypeus absent. Eye tubercle slightly elevated, oval: length 6.27, width 1.25. Anterior eye row slightly procurved, posterior slightly recurved.</p><p>Eyes and interdistances:AME 0.24, ALE 0.24, PME 0.15, PLE 0.23, AME–AME 0.19, AME–ALE 0.08, ALE– ALE 0.79, PME–PME, PME–PLE 0.03, PLE–PLE 0.49, AME–PME 0.05, ALE–PLE 0.06, Thoracic fovea straight, short, deep: width 1.70. Chelicerae basal segment with 11 well-developed teeth on furrow promargin and a group of ca. 3 small teeth on proximal area of furrow. Intercheliceral tumescence absent. Maxillae with ca. 100 cuspules, located on anterior inner corner. Labium trapezoidal: length 1.01, width 1.44, with ca. 50 cuspules. Sternum oval: length 3.52, width 3.16; with three pairs of oval sigilla separated by their diameter from edge.</p><p>Palpal bulb: with well-developed prolateral inferior keel with conspicuous serration at transition between tegulum and embolus (Fig. 7A). Thick embolus with curvature of approximately 90 degrees in relation to axis of bulb, with an arrow-shaped distal apex (Fig. 7A–C). Well-developed digitiform process, with digitiform shape in all views.</p><p>Tibial apophysis: formed by two branches with single base, prolateral branch smaller, with retrolateral spine; retrolateral branch larger with apical spine. Metatarsus I flexes between two branches of tibial apophysis, touching both apically (Fig. 7G).</p><p>Superior tarsal claws with three small teeth on midline. Tarsal scopula: I entire, with longitudinal band of long and conical setae; II entire, with longitudinal band of long and conical setae; III entire, with a longitudinal band of long and conical setae; IV entire, with a longitudinal band of long and conical setae. Metatarsal scopula, extension: I more than distal half; II more than distal half; III more than distal half; IV on distal 1/3. Leg formula 4132 (Table 5). Spination (proximal to distal): Palp: femur 0; patella 0; tibia (p) 0-0-1. Leg I: femur 0; patella 0; tibia (p) 0-1-0, (r) 0-1-ap1; metatarsus (v) 0-0-ap1; Leg II: femur 0; patella 0; tibia 0; metatarsus (p) 1-0-0, (v) 1-0-ap2. Leg III: femur 0; patella 0; tibia (r) 0-2-0, (v) 0-1-ap1; metatarsus (v) 0-0-ap1; Leg IV: femur 0; patella 0; tibia (p) 0-0-ap1, (r) 0-1-0; metatarsus (p) 0-1-ap1, (r) 0-3-3, (v) 0-2-ap1.</p><p>Female (IBSP 167295).</p><p>Color (in alcohol): as in male; ive specimens show more intense colors. Type III and type IV urticating setae. Total length: 16.75 (chelicerae not included). Carapace: length 6.55, width 7.06. Abdomen: length 10.20. Clypeus absent. Eye tubercle slightly elevated, oval: length 6.55, width 1.24. Anterior eye row slightly procurved, posterior slightly recurved.</p><p>Eyes and interdistances: AME 0.26, ALE 0.26, PME 0.17, PLE 0.26, AME–AME 0.18, AME–ALE 0.06, ALE–ALE 0.67, PME–PME 0.52, PME–PLE 0.02, PLE–PLE 0.88, AME–PME 0.03, ALE–PLE 0.06. Thoracic fovea slightly procurved, short, deep: width 1.82. Chelicerae basal segment with 10 well-developed teeth on furrow promargin and a group of ca. 7 small teeth on proximal area of furrow. Intercheliceral tumescence absent. Maxillae with ca. 100 cuspules, located on anterior inner corner. Labium trapezoidal: length 1.07, width 1.58, with ca. 50 cuspules. Sternum oval: length 3.53, width 3.48; with three pairs of oval sigilla separated by their diameter from edge.</p><p>Spermathecae: formed by two semicircular receptacles, fixed to membranous base (Fig. 7I).</p><p>Superior tarsal claws with two small teeth on midline. Tarsal scopula: I–IV entire, with longitudinal band of conical setae. Metatarsal scopula, extension: I more than distal half, with a longitudinal band of conical setae; II more than distal half, with a longitudinal band of conical setae; III on distal half; IV on distal 1/3. Leg formula 4123 (Table 5). Spination (proximal to distal): Palp: femur 0; patella 0; tibia (v) 0-0-ap2. Leg I: femur 0; patella (d) 0- 0-ap1; tibia 0; metatarsus (v) 0-0-ap1; Leg II: femur 0; patella 0; tibia 0; metatarsus (v) 0-1-ap2. Leg III: femur 0; patella 0; tibia (p) 0-0-ap1, (v) 0-0-ap1; metatarsus (v) 0-0-ap1; Leg IV: femur 0; patella 0; tibia 0; metatarsus (r) 0-1-3, (v) 0-1-ap1.</p><p>Distribution. Found in Argentina and Uruguay (Fig. 1C)</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E39648FFF7FFCE399DFA7FFCD3FC16	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Galleti-Lima, Arthur;Yamamoto, Flávio U.;Lucas, Sylvia M.;Guadanucci, José Paulo L.;Brescovit, Antonio D.	Galleti-Lima, Arthur, Yamamoto, Flávio U., Lucas, Sylvia M., Guadanucci, José Paulo L., Brescovit, Antonio D. (2026): Morphological revision of the species of Homoeomma Ausserer, 1871 (Araneae: Theraphosidae) from Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay. Zootaxa 5752 (2): 211-237, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5752.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5752.2.3
03E39648FFF4FFCB399DFC2FFE38FA56.text	03E39648FFF4FFCB399DFC2FFE38FA56.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Homoeomma villosum (Keyserling 1891)	<div><p>Homoeomma villosum (Keyserling, 1891)</p><p>Fig. 8</p><p>Hapalopus villosus Keyserling, 1891: 7, plate 1, fig. 2 (holotype, ♂, from Taquara, Rio Grande do Sul, BRAZIL, Dr. von Ihering col., BMNH 90-7-405, not examined); Simon, 1903: 936; Pocock, 1903: 112; Mello-Leitão, 1923: 167; Gerschman &amp; Schiapelli, 1972: 255, figs 18–22.</p><p>Ischnocolus pilosus Keyserling, 1891: 9 (holotype, ♀ juv, from Taquara, Rio Grande do Sul, BRAZIL, Dr. von Ihering col., should be deposited in BMNH, not examined); Simon (1903: 112).</p><p>Ischnocolus nigrescens Keyserling, 1891: 10 (holotype, ♀ juv, from Rio Grande, BRAZIL, Dr. von Ihering col., should be deposited in BMNH, not examined); Simon, 1903: 112 (Syn. with H. villosus); Gerschman &amp; Schiapelli, 1972: 237 (considered immature of Grammostola)</p><p>Crypsidromus perfidus Keyserling, 1891: 14 (holotype, ♀, from Taquara, Rio Grande do Sul, BRAZIL, Dr. von Ihering col., should be deposited in BMNH, not examined); Simon, 1903: 112 (Syn. with H. villosus); Gerschman &amp; Schiapelli, 1972: 237 (considered immature of Grammostola).</p><p>Crypsidromus funestus Keyserling, 1891: 15 (♀ of Crypsidromus funestus Keyserling, 1891, from Taquara, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, Dr. von Ihering col., should be deposited in BMNH, not examined); Simon, 1903: 112 (Syn. with H. villosus); Gerschman &amp; Schiapelli, 1972: 237 (considered immature of Grammostola).</p><p>Diagnosis. Males of H. villosum differ from those of other Homoeomma species (except H. brasilianum, H. elegans, H. chilense, H. orellanai, H. toriayamai and H. minimum) by having a basal nodule on the retrolateral face of metatarsus I with a rounded shape (Fig. 8G). They differ from males of these species by having PS keel well developed, absence of teeth on PI keel (two teeth in H. brasilianum and H. chilense, one tooth in H. orellanai), by having a thickened embolus (narrower in H. elegans), by having an embolus with a curvature of approximately 90º in relation to the axis of the bulb (more than 130º in H. toriayamai) and by having the digitiform process of bulb longer (short in H. minimum) (Fig. 8A–C). Females differ from those of other species by having the spermathecae formed by two receptacles originating from a membranous base, which taper at the apex, strongly sclerotized in dorsal view (Fig. 8I). Both males and females have a thickened femur III.</p><p>Material examined. BRAZIL. Santa Catarina: Blumenau, Parque Nacional Serra do Itajaí, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-49.18717&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-27.10414" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -49.18717/lat -27.10414)">Setor Nascentes</a> [27°06'14.9"S, 49°11'13.8"W], 1♂, 14–20.I.2013, R.P. Indicatti &amp; B. Gambaré col., (IBSP 171815); Bombinhas, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-48.554943&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-27.193554" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -48.554943/lat -27.193554)">Arie Costeira de Zimbros</a> [27°11'36.8"S, 48°33'17.8"W], 1♂ 1♀, 04. VIII.2011, A.L. Trivia, L. Malta col., (IBSP 269564); Florianópolis, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-48.43231&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-27.849472" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -48.43231/lat -27.849472)">Ilha Moleques do Sul</a> [27°50'58.1"S, 48°25'56.3"W], 1♀, 03.IV.2004, C.H. Salvador de Oliveira col., (MCTP 016984); Urubici, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-49.515778&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.187555" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -49.515778/lat -28.187555)">Parque Nacional de São Joaquim</a> [28°11'15.2"S, 49°30'56.8"W], 1♂, 27. XII.2021, R.P. Indicatti &amp; B. Gambaré col., (CAD 1936); 4♂, I.2022, R.P. Indicatti &amp; B. Gambaré col., (CAD 1937, 1938); Praia Grande, Serra do Faxinal, 400 meters alt. [29°10'59.6"S, 50°00'40.6"W], 2023, R.P. Indicatti &amp; L.M. Borges col. (CAD 1941), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-50.010918&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.120972" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -50.010918/lat -29.120972)">Parque Nacional Serra Geral</a> [29°07'15.5"S, 50°00'39.3"W], 4♂, 1♀, 02–10. VII.2018, R. Fonseca-Ferreira, R.P. Indicatti, J.P.L. Guadanucci, A. Galleti-Lima col., (CAD 1078, 1079, 1086, 1092, 1093); Rio Grande do Sul: Cambará do Sul, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-50.14278&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.047443" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -50.14278/lat -29.047443)">Área</a> de preservação ambiental <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-50.14278&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.047443" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -50.14278/lat -29.047443)">Cambará</a> [29°02'50.8"S, 50°08'34.0"W], 1♀ 1Juv., 19– 21. XII.1994, A.B. Bonaldo col., (MCN 26002); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-50.10633&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.176498" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -50.10633/lat -29.176498)">Parque Nacional Aparados da Serra</a>, 1000 meters alt. [29°10'35.4"S, 50°06'22.8"W], 1♂, 3. VII.2018, R.P. Indicatti, J.P.L. Guadanucci, R. Fonseca-Ferreira &amp; A. Galleti-Lima col., (CAD 1940), 4j, 04–10.I.2019, R. Fonseca-Ferreira, R.P. Indicatti, A. Galleti-Lima &amp; J.P.L. Guadanucci col., (CAD 1082, 1083, 1084, 1087); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-52.492027&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-31.759583" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -52.492027/lat -31.759583)">Capão do Leão</a> [31°45'34.5"S, 52°29'31.3"W], 1♀, 24. III.2001, E.N.L. Rodrigues col., (MCTP 13545); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-50.638306&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.644667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -50.638306/lat -28.644667)">Itaimbezinho</a> [28°38'40.8"S, 50°38'17.9"W], 1♀, 27. VII.1963, T. de Lema col., (MCN 1798) ; 1♂, 11–13.V.1994, A.B. Bonaldo &amp; L. Moura col., (MCN 25505); 1♀, 03.XI.1962, L. Buckup col., (MCN 1748); Caxias do Sul [29°10'31.3"S, 51°11'13.4"W], <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.187057&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.17536" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.187057/lat -29.17536)">Ana Rech</a>, 1♀, 23.IV.1966, J.W. Thomé col., (MCN 0166); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.209835&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-30.028334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.209835/lat -30.028334)">Porto Alegre</a> [30°01'42.0"S, 51°12'35.4"W], 1♂, 05.IV.1955, G. Hoffman col., (MCN 1744) ; 1♀, 18. VII.1962, C. Hartlieb &amp; Krebs col., (MCN 1249); 1♂, 03. VI.1993, M.P. Machado col., (MCTP 3203); 1♂, 10.XI.1996, W. Gehardi col., (MCTP 9655); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-50.181614&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.098722" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -50.181614/lat -25.098722)">Ponta Grossa</a> [25°05'55.4"S, 50°10'53.8"W], 1♂, 27. VII.2003, E.H. Buckup col., (MCN 35943); Maquiné, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-50.206474&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.67661" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -50.206474/lat -29.67661)">Fepagro</a> [29°40'35.8"S, 50°12'23.3"W], 1♂ 3♀, 18–24.I.2002, Equipe Biota col., (IBSP 13046–13049); Montenegro [29°40'52.2"S, 51°28'00.4"W], 1♂, 07. VII.1977, A.A. Lise col., (MCN 6093); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-50.582027&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.446917" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -50.582027/lat -29.446917)">São Francisco de Paula</a> [29°26'48.9"S, 50°34'55.3"W], 1♀, 21.I.1999, A.A. Lise col., (MCTP 11203); Tapejara, Rio Apuê, 1♀, IX.1988, Projeto Itá-Machadinho col., (MCTP 0727) ; Viamão, Médio Arroio Pesqueiro [30°08'59.8"S, 50°57'00.9"W], 2♂ 1♀ 1j, 30.V.2000, A.B. Bonaldo col., (MCN 33187); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.018276&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-30.29986" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.018276/lat -30.29986)">Itapuã</a> [30°17'59.5"S, 51°01'05.8"W], 2♂, 11.IX.2001, L.E.C. Schmidt &amp; R. Ott col., (MCN 34286) ; 1♂, 03.V.1984, B. Freire col., (MCN 12226).</p><p>Remarks. According to Simon (1903), based on studies by Pocock (1903), the species Ischnocolus pilosus and I. nigrescens, Crypsidromus perfidus and C. funestus, all described by Keyserling (1891), are juveniles of Hapalopus villosus . In Simon (1903), they were all considered junior synonyms of Homoeomma villosum . However, Gerschman &amp; Schiapelli (1972: 237) considered these three synonyms as juveniles of Grammostola, but did not carry out the transfer. These decisions are not followed here and we prefer to keep them as synonyms of H. villosum, even though we didn’t examine them.</p><p>Redescription</p><p>Male (CAD 1079).</p><p>Color (in alcohol): carapace, chelicerae, legs and dorsal abdomen dark brown. Ventral abdomen brown. Sternum and coxae brown. Maxillae and labium brown. Live specimens show more intense colors. Type III urticating setae and IV urticating setae. Total length: 20.01 (chelicerae not included). Carapace: length 9.11, width 8.76. Abdomen: length 10.9. Clypeus absent. Eye tubercle slightly elevated, oval: length 9.11, width 1.66. Anterior eye row slightly procurved, posterior recurved.</p><p>Eyes and interdistances: AME 0.36, ALE 0.36, PME 0.25, PLE 0.41, AME–AME 0.11, AME–ALE 0.11, ALE–ALE 0.94, PME–PME 0.72, PME–PLE 0.07, PLE–PLE 1.08, AME–PME 0.07, ALE–PLE 0.08, thoracic fovea slightly procurved, short, deep: width 2.03. Chelicerae basal segment with 11 well-developed teeth on furrow promargin and without group of small teeth on proximal area of furrow. Intercheliceral tumescence absent. Maxillae with ca. 100 cuspules, located on anterior inner corner. Labium trapezoidal: length 1.69, width 2.19, with ca. 30 cuspules. Sternum oval: length 4.81, width 4.16; with three pairs of oval sigilla separated by their diameter from edge.</p><p>Palpal bulb: with well-developed inferior and superior prolateral keels. Thick embolus with curvature of approximately 90 degrees in relation to axis of bulb, with distal apex arrow shaped (Fig. 8A–C). Well-developed digitiform process, with strong retrolateral curvature.</p><p>Tibial apophysis: formed by two branches with single base, prolateral branch smaller, with retrolateral spine; retrolateral branch larger. Metatarsus I flexes between two branches of tibial apophysis, touching both medially (Fig. 8G).</p><p>Superior tarsal claws with four small teeth on midline. Tarsal scopulae: I entire; II entire; III entire with longitudinal band of conical setae; IV with longitudinal band of conical setae. Metatarsal scopulae, extension: I more than distal half; II more than distal half; III on distal half; IV on distal 1/3, with longitudinal band of conical setae. Leg formula 4123 (Table 6).</p><p>Spination (proximal to distal): Palp: femur (p) 0-0-ap1; patella 0; tibia 0. Leg I: femur (p) 0-0-ap1; patella 0; tibia (r) 0-0-ap1; metatarsus v 0-0-ap2; Leg II: femur (p) 0-0-ap1; patella 0; tibia (p) 0-0-1, (v) 0-0-ap2; metatarsus (p) 1-0-0, (v) 1-1-ap2. Leg III: femur (d) 0-0-1; patella 0; tibia (p) 0-2-1, (r) 0-1-1, (v) 0-0-ap2; metatarsus v 0-0-ap2; Leg IV: femur 0; patella 0; tibia (r) 0-1-1, (v) 0-1-ap2; metatarsus (p) 0-1-ap1, (r) 0-3-ap3, (v) 2-4-ap4.</p><p>Female (CAD 1086).</p><p>Color (in alcohol): As in male. Live specimens show more intense colors. Type III and type IV urticating setae. Total length: 12.52. Carapace elongated: length 6.47, width 5.61. Abdomen: length 8.95. Clypeus absent. Eye tubercle slightly elevated, oval: length 6.47, width 1.30. Anterior eye row slightly procurved, posterior recurved.</p><p>Eyes and interdistances: AME 0.26, ALE 0.26, PME 0.19, PLE 0.22, AME–AME 0.18, AME–ALE 0.09, ALE–ALE 0.73, PME–PME 0.49, PME–PLE 0.07, PLE–PLE 0.95, AME–PME 0.07, ALE–PLE 0.05, thoracic fovea slightly procurved, short, deep: width 1.57. Chelicerae basal segment with 11 well-developed teeth on furrow promargin and a group of ca. 3 small teeth on proximal area of furrow. Intercheliceral tumescence absent. Maxillae with ca. 100 cuspules, located on anterior inner corner. Labium trapezoidal: length 1.07, width 1.68, with ca. 60 cuspules. Sternum oval: length 3.57, width 3.34; with three pairs of oval sigilla separated by their diameter from edge.</p><p>Spermathecae: formed by two receptacles originating from membranous base. In dorsal view only the apical part is well sclerotized. Receptacles taper apically (Fig. 8I).</p><p>Superior tarsal claws with two small teeth on midline. Tarsal scopula: I entire; II–IV entire with longitudinal band of conical setae. Metatarsal scopula, extension: I more than distal half; II more than distal half; III on distal half; IV on distal 1/3, with longitudinal band of conical setae. Leg formula 4123 (Table 6).</p><p>Spination (proximal to distal): Palp: femur 0; patella 0; tibia (v) 0-0-ap1. Leg I: femur 0; patella 0; tibia 0; metatarsus (v) 0-1-ap1; Leg II: femur 0; patella 0; tibia 0; metatarsus (v) 0-1-ap2. Leg III: femur 0; patella 0; tibia (p) 0-2-ap1; metatarsus (v) 0-1-ap1; Leg IV: femur 0; patella 0; tibia 0; metatarsus (p) 0-0-ap1, (r) 0-5-ap4, (v) 0- 4-ap4.</p><p>Distribution. Species known only from southern Brazil, occurring in the states of Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul (Fig. 1C).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E39648FFF4FFCB399DFC2FFE38FA56	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Galleti-Lima, Arthur;Yamamoto, Flávio U.;Lucas, Sylvia M.;Guadanucci, José Paulo L.;Brescovit, Antonio D.	Galleti-Lima, Arthur, Yamamoto, Flávio U., Lucas, Sylvia M., Guadanucci, José Paulo L., Brescovit, Antonio D. (2026): Morphological revision of the species of Homoeomma Ausserer, 1871 (Araneae: Theraphosidae) from Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay. Zootaxa 5752 (2): 211-237, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5752.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5752.2.3
03E39648FFF1FFCB399DF9EFFA8EF803.text	03E39648FFF1FFCB399DF9EFFA8EF803.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Homoeomma nigrum (Walckenaer 1837) Nomen	<div><p>Homoeomma nigrum (Walckenaer, 1837) Nomen dubium</p><p>Mygale nigrum Walckenaer, 1837: 214; 1841: 427 (holotype, ♂, BRAZIL, lost, not examined); Pocock, 1903: 111.</p><p>Remarks. H. nigrum is also involved in the taxonomic confusion of H. familiare and H. stradlingi . Originally described as Mygale nigrum Walckenaer 1837, based on a male collected in Brazil. The male holotype could not be located and it is considered lost. The original description and diagnostic characters are vague and do not allow for a clear recognition of this species’ identity. Additional, subsequent interpretations by other authors (e.g., Pocock 1903; Gerschman &amp; Schiapelli 1972) cannot be reliably associated with Walckenaer’s taxon. Given the absence of type material and the lack of diagnostic characters, Mygale nigrum is here considered a nomen dubium.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E39648FFF1FFCB399DF9EFFA8EF803	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Galleti-Lima, Arthur;Yamamoto, Flávio U.;Lucas, Sylvia M.;Guadanucci, José Paulo L.;Brescovit, Antonio D.	Galleti-Lima, Arthur, Yamamoto, Flávio U., Lucas, Sylvia M., Guadanucci, José Paulo L., Brescovit, Antonio D. (2026): Morphological revision of the species of Homoeomma Ausserer, 1871 (Araneae: Theraphosidae) from Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay. Zootaxa 5752 (2): 211-237, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5752.2.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5752.2.3
