taxonID	type	description	language	source
03E387D58C37FFE6FF4BFA23029AF892.taxon	description	FIGURE 2 Fungal Names number: FN 853452 Saprobic on submerged decaying wood in a freshwater river. Sexual morph: Undetermined. Asexual morph: Colonies effuse, hairy, dark brown, glistening, solitary or in small groups. Mycelium is mostly immersed, composed of septate, light brown to brown, smooth-walled, branched hyphae. Conidiophores 66 – 139 × 3.6 – 4.4 µm (x = 102 × 4.0 µm, n = 15), macronematous, mononematous, solitary or in groups, unbranched, smooth-walled, septate, brown. Conidiogenous cells 14 – 16 × 4.0 – 4.8 µm (x = 15 × 4.4 µm, n = 15), monoblastic, determinate, terminal, cylindrical, light brown, smooth-walled. Conidia 42 – 85 × 5.5 – 6.8 µm (x = 63.4 × 6.1 µm, n = 30), acrogenous, solitary, obclavate, sometimes rostrate, straight or slightly curved, 5 – 10 (– 12) - distoseptate, rounded at the apex, truncate at the base, tapering towards the apex, guttulate, pale brown to brown, smooth-walled. Culture characteristics: Conidia germinating on PDA within 24 hours and germ tubes produced from the apex. Colonies on PDA reach 4 – 5 cm in three weeks at room temperature, cottony, fluffy, white to brown mycelium from above, circular in the center, dark from below.	en	Ma, Qiong, Wang, Ying, Shen, Hong-Wei, Luo, Zong-Long, Su, Xi-Jun (2025): Distoseptispora pulchra sp. nov. and D. liupanshuiensis from freshwater habitats in Yunnan Province, China. Phytotaxa 725 (1): 24-40, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.725.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.725.1.3
03E387D58C37FFE6FF4BFA23029AF892.taxon	materials_examined	Materials examined: China, Yunnan Province, Dulongjiang River, 27 ° 40 ′ 38.83 ″ N, 98 ° 16 ′ 14.75 ″ E, elevation: 1190 m, on submerged decaying wood, 2 May 2023, Zheng-Quan Zhang, S- 4753 (HKAS 135911), living culture KUNCC 23 - 16269; ibid., on submerged decaying wood, 2 May 2023, Zheng-Quan Zhang, S- 4761 (HKAS 135914), living culture CGMCC 3.27684 = KUNCC 23 - 14623; ibid., 27 ° 47 ′ N, 98 ° 19 ′ 50.66 ″ E, elevation: 1418 m, on submerged decaying wood, 2 May 2023, Wen-Peng Wang, S- 4714 (HKAS 135900), living culture CGMCC 3.27681 = KUNCC 23 - 15883.	en	Ma, Qiong, Wang, Ying, Shen, Hong-Wei, Luo, Zong-Long, Su, Xi-Jun (2025): Distoseptispora pulchra sp. nov. and D. liupanshuiensis from freshwater habitats in Yunnan Province, China. Phytotaxa 725 (1): 24-40, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.725.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.725.1.3
03E387D58C37FFE6FF4BFA23029AF892.taxon	discussion	Notes: Distoseptispora liupanshuiensis was introduced by Dissanayake et al. (2024) from dead culms of bamboo in Guizhou Province, China. In our phylogenetic analysis, three new collections (KUNCC 23 - 16269, CGMCC 3.276841, and CGMCC 3.27684) clustered with D. liupanshuiensis with 98 ML / 1.00 PP support (FIGURE 1). Our new collections exhibit morphological characteristics similar to those of the type strain of D. liupanshuiensis (GZAAS 23 - 0806) (Dissanayake et al. 2024). For example, the conidia of both are acrogenous, solitary, obclavate in shape, and distoseptate. Although slight differences in conidial size and color are observed when compared to the type specimen, previous studies of Distoseptispora have demonstrated significant intraspecific variation in conidial dimensions among distinct collections of the same species (Shen e t al. 2021; Ma e t al. 2022). Based on morphological evidence and phylogenetic placement, we identified our collections as D. liupanshuiensis, and it is reported from a freshwater habitat for the first time.	en	Ma, Qiong, Wang, Ying, Shen, Hong-Wei, Luo, Zong-Long, Su, Xi-Jun (2025): Distoseptispora pulchra sp. nov. and D. liupanshuiensis from freshwater habitats in Yunnan Province, China. Phytotaxa 725 (1): 24-40, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.725.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.725.1.3
03E387D58C3BFFE8FF4BFF090258FB3E.taxon	description	Fungal Names number: FN 572116	en	Ma, Qiong, Wang, Ying, Shen, Hong-Wei, Luo, Zong-Long, Su, Xi-Jun (2025): Distoseptispora pulchra sp. nov. and D. liupanshuiensis from freshwater habitats in Yunnan Province, China. Phytotaxa 725 (1): 24-40, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.725.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.725.1.3
03E387D58C3BFFE8FF4BFF090258FB3E.taxon	etymology	Etymology: ‘ pulchra’ refers to beautiful in Latin.	en	Ma, Qiong, Wang, Ying, Shen, Hong-Wei, Luo, Zong-Long, Su, Xi-Jun (2025): Distoseptispora pulchra sp. nov. and D. liupanshuiensis from freshwater habitats in Yunnan Province, China. Phytotaxa 725 (1): 24-40, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.725.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.725.1.3
03E387D58C3BFFE8FF4BFF090258FB3E.taxon	description	Holotype: KUN-HKAS 144545 Saprobic on submerged decaying wood in a freshwater stream. Sexual morph: Undetermined. Asexual morph: Colonies effuse, hairy, dark brown, glistening, solitary or in small groups. Mycelium immersed, composed of septate, pale brown to olive-brown, smooth-walled hyphae. Conidiophores 47 – 62 × 4.9 – 5.6 µm (x = 55 × 5.2 µm, n = 15), macronematous, mononematous, solitary or in groups, erect, straight or slightly flexuous, unbranched, cylindrical, smooth-walled, pale olive-brown. Conidiogenous cells 14 – 17 × 4.0 – 4.8 µm (x = 15 × 4.4 µm, n = 15), monoblastic, terminal, determinate, cylindrical, pale brown to olive-brown, smooth-walled. Conidia 67 – 122 × 6.9 – 9.5 µm (x = 94 × 8.2 µm, n = 30), acrogenous, solitary, obclavate, olivaceous to pale brown, straight or slightly curved, 3 – 14 - distoseptate, truncate at the base, tapering towards the apex, sometimes slightly constricted at the septa, smooth-walled. Culture characteristics: Conidia germinating on PDA within 24 h and germ tubes produced from both ends. Colonies on PDA reach 5 cm in three weeks at room temperature, appearing cottony and fluffy with entire edges, pale brown to brown from the front and dark brown from the reverse.	en	Ma, Qiong, Wang, Ying, Shen, Hong-Wei, Luo, Zong-Long, Su, Xi-Jun (2025): Distoseptispora pulchra sp. nov. and D. liupanshuiensis from freshwater habitats in Yunnan Province, China. Phytotaxa 725 (1): 24-40, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.725.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.725.1.3
03E387D58C3BFFE8FF4BFF090258FB3E.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: China, Yunnan Province, Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Nanjian County, Wuliangshan Mountain, 24 ° 45 ′ 70 ″ N, 100 ° 30 ′ 32 ″ E, elevation: 2100 m, on submerged decaying wood in a freshwater stream, October 2023, Zong-Long Luo, S- 5822 (HKAS 144545, holotype), ex-type KUNCC 23 - 17029.	en	Ma, Qiong, Wang, Ying, Shen, Hong-Wei, Luo, Zong-Long, Su, Xi-Jun (2025): Distoseptispora pulchra sp. nov. and D. liupanshuiensis from freshwater habitats in Yunnan Province, China. Phytotaxa 725 (1): 24-40, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.725.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.725.1.3
03E387D58C3BFFE8FF4BFF090258FB3E.taxon	discussion	Notes: Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Distoseptispora pulchra (KUNCC 23 - 17029) is a sister species to D. cangshanensis (MFLUCC 16 - 0970), with 100 % ML and 1.00 PP support (FIGURE 1). Distoseptispora pulchra resembles D. cangshanensis in having macronematous, mononematous, erect, unbranched conidiophores; monoblastic, terminal, determinate conidiogenous cells; and acrogenous, solitary, obclavate, multi-distoseptate conidia. Although D. pulchra (KUNCC 23 - 17029) and D. cangshanensis (MFLUCC 16 - 0970) exhibit only minor differences in conidiophores size (47 – 62 × 4.9 – 5.6 µm vs. 44 – 68 × 4 – 8 µm) and conidial size (67 – 122 × 6.9 – 9.5 µm vs. 58 – 166 (– 287) × 10 – 14 µm), sequence comparisons revealed nucleotide differences of 16 bp in the ITS, 3 bp in the LSU and 15 bp in tef 1 - α. Due to variations in habitat and growth period, the morphology of the same species in this genus may exhibit some variability, particularly in conidial size. Therefore, species delimitation within the genus relies primarily on molecular sequence data. Based on this molecular evidence, D. pulchra is identified and introduced here as a novel species.	en	Ma, Qiong, Wang, Ying, Shen, Hong-Wei, Luo, Zong-Long, Su, Xi-Jun (2025): Distoseptispora pulchra sp. nov. and D. liupanshuiensis from freshwater habitats in Yunnan Province, China. Phytotaxa 725 (1): 24-40, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.725.1.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.725.1.3
