identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03E38785FFC0FF89FF778DEE509AFDCE.text	03E38785FFC0FF89FF778DEE509AFDCE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Vellozia aroejariensis B. Schindl. 2025	<div><p>Vellozia aroejariensis B.Schindl., sp. nov. (Figures 1, 2, and 3)</p><p>Type: — BRAZIL. Mato Grosso: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-55.482224&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.603612" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -55.482224/lat -15.603612)">Chapada dos Guimarães, Complexo de Cavernas Aroe Jari, Ponte de Pedra</a>, 15º36'13'' S, 55º28'56'' W, 770 m, 7 December 2024 (fl., fr.), B. Schindler, M. Figueira &amp; J. P. Amaral 896 (Holotype CEN barcode CEN00135086 , Isotypes to be sent to: HUEFS, HUFU, MBM, R, RB, SPF, UB, UFMT).</p><p>Diagnosis: — Vellozia aroejariensis resembles V. sellowii Seubert (1847: 75), differing in habit up to 1 m tall (vs. 0.1 to 0.3 m), lamina marcescent, abscission line absent (vs. deciduous, abscission line present), lamina up to 14.5 cm long with apex obtuse, attenuate to long-attenuate (vs. 5.3 cm with apex truncate or acute), hypanthium (0.6–) 0.9–1.2 × (0.5–) 0.7 cm covered by glandular emergences (vs. 0.5–0.8 × 0.3–0.5 (–0.6) cm, glabrous), 18 stamens (vs. 6), and fimbriate corona present (vs. absent).</p><p>Plants caespitose, erect or decumbent, forming clumps, 0.6 to 1 m tall. Stems with 3 or more branches, 0.4–1 cm diam. at apex, terete. Leaves spirotristichous; sheath glabrous, yellow-brown, distance between sheaths 0.4–1 cm; lamina (5.2–) 7–14.5 × 0.3 (–0.4) cm, linear or linear-attenuate, erect, marcescent, abscission line absent, flat or conduplicate in sicco, margin finely serrate, apex obtuse, attenuate to long-attenuate, midrib slightly sulcate adaxially, slightly prominent and sparsely serrate abaxially, glabrous on both surfaces. Flowers 1–2 per branch; peduncle evident or hidden by the leaves, (3.3–) 5.5–7.5 × 0.1 cm, trigonous, sulcate, glabrous or sparsely covered by glandular emergences on the distal portion; hypanthium (0.6–) 0.9–1.2 × (0.5–) 0.7 cm, green to olive, lustrous in vivo, obovoid or obconic, sparsely to densely covered by subsessile or stipitate glandular emergences forming longitudinal lines, rarely glabrous; hypanthium tube absent or inconspicuous ≤ 2 mm long; tepals 2.2–3.7 × 0.8–1.2 cm, in two whorls, purple, elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate, glabrous; corona present, fimbriate, white in vivo; stamens 18, grouped in 3–4 per tepal, inserted at the base of tepals; filaments (0.4–) 0.8–0.9 cm long, purple to white; anthers (0.8–) 1–1.1 cm long, yellow, basifixed, latrorse, appendix absent; style (1.2–) 2.2–2.6 cm long, purple to white, glabrous; style exceeding the anthers by 0.3– 0.7 cm; stigma 2–3 mm diam., yellow, trilobate. Capsule 1.1–1.3 × 0.7–0.8 cm, pale yellow, lustrous, apical loculicidal, shape and emergences as in the hypanthium, lobes persistent in the apex. Seeds 0.4–0.7 mm long, castaneous, irregular shape.</p><p>Comments: — Vellozia aroejariensis, described here, was first collected in April 1911 by Frederico Carlos Hoehne (n. 2967 and 2970) during the Commission for Strategic Telegraph Lines from Mato Grosso to Amazonas, famously known as Rondon Commission, led by Coronel Cândido Mariano da Silva Rondon (Edições do Senado Federal 2003). The two specimens collected by Hoehne are currently deposited at herbarium R. According to label information, both collections were made along the East Line, in a locality known as Casa de Pedra. The route of the telegraph line and information from other collection labels from the same expedition, indicate that the probable location of Casa de Pedra corresponds to the area now occupied by the Chapada dos Guimarães National Park (Fig. 2). Fieldwork aimed at relocating this species was motivated by the convergence of historical information from Hoehne’s collections and the publication of field images on the iNaturalist platform (https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/152255999) by Fabrícia Campello, a biologist and touristic guide in Chapada dos Guimarães (https://www.bushmasters.com.br/). This photographic record was fundamental in confirming the identity of the species and attesting its presence in the wild, especially given the lack of recent records. This case highlights the valuable role of citizen science in documenting and conserving plant diversity, and serves as an example of the utility of platforms like iNaturalist in species discovery and monitoring (Callaghan et al. 2022).</p><p>An analysis of the morphological characteristics of Vellozia species that occur in Central Brazil ( Velloziaceae in Flora e Funga do Brasil 2025) reveals that no other taxon shares the full set of traits observed in V. aroejariensis . Only V. exilis Goethart &amp; Henrard in Henrard (1937: 370) and V. sessilis L.B.Sm. ex Mello-Silva (1997: 65), both endemics to Chapada dos Veadeiros, Goiás, exhibit a similar growth habit, forming dense clumps on rocky substrates. V. aroejariensis differs from V. exilis by having spirotristichous, erect, marcescent leaves (vs. tristichous, erect or erect-patent, and fully deciduous leaves); peduncle up to 7.5 cm long (vs. 1.5 cm); hypanthium with glandular, subsessile or stipitate emergences sparsely to densely distributed (vs. entirely covered by subulate, appressed emergences); and 18 stamens (vs. 6). It is distinguished from V. sessilis by its glabrous leaves (vs. indumentum present on both sides), peduncle evident, purple flowers and the absence of a hypanthium tube (vs. peduncle hidden by leaf sheaths, white flowers and hypanthium tube present). The species with the closest morphological resemblance is V. sellowii (as noted in the diagnosis), which is endemic to the state of Minas Gerais ( Velloziaceae in Flora e Funga do Brasil 2025; Mello-Silva 2017), where it grows on quartzite and iron-rich rocks, between 890–1,640 m a.s.l.</p><p>Phenology: —Few flowers were observed in April, while flowers and fruits were recorded in December (Figs. 3c, d).</p><p>Etymology: —The specific epithet refers to the Aroe Jari Cave Complex, the site where the type material was collected. This location is not only a well-known tourist attraction but also holds significant importance in the fields of geomorphology, paleontology, and speleology (Borghi &amp; Moreira 2002). Additionally, the area is believed to have been historically inhabited by indigenous peoples, particularly in the cave area. However, physical evidence of this occupation is limited, consisting mainly of cemeteries attributed to the Bororo and Kayapó ethnic groups (Borghi &amp; Moreira 2002). The name ‘Aroe Jari’ is popularly interpreted as originating from these ethnic groups, meaning ‘Cave of the Souls’ or ‘Abode of the Souls’. According to Albisetti &amp; Venturelli (1962), in the Bororo language, the word ‘arǫ́e’ may have various meanings—such as being, beings, souls, deceased, corpse, or ghost—depending on the context. However, the expression ‘Arǫ́e j̆’ári’ (pg. 163) specifically refers to a cave where the Bororo placed the bones of their dead. This interpretation reinforces the cultural and symbolic significance of the site as a sacred space for these indigenous peoples. Thus, the naming of V. aroejariensis serves not only to geographically anchor the species to its place of origin but also to honor the cultural and historical legacy of the Indigenous peoples who once inhabited it.</p><p>Distribution and habitat: — Vellozia aroejariensis is currently known from two localities within the municipality of Chapada dos Guimarães, Mato Grosso. The first record dates back to 1911, when the botanist Hoehne collected specimens at an imprecise site referred to as ‘Casa de Pedra’ — a name commonly associated with areas characterized by residual ruiniform rocky outcrops. There are no current records confirming the existence of this population (as mentioned in comments). A second population was recorded in 2024, through citizen science efforts, found growing on sandstone rock from the Alto Garças Formation, which is part of the Rio Ivaí Group (Borghi &amp; Moreira 2002), in the area of the Aroe Jari Cave Complex (Fig. 2).</p><p>The Ponte de Pedra, where this population occurs, is a natural sandstone formation sculpted by erosion (Fig. 3a), located at 770 m a.s.l. As with most species of the genus, which are typically associated with specific rocky outcrops (Kubitzki 1998), the individuals of V. aroejariensis thrive in this specialized habitat. The rocky outcrop is surrounded by cerrado típico vegetation (Ribeiro &amp; Walter 2008) and is part of the Paraná-Guimarães ecoregion, characterized by an average annual precipitation of 1,600 –1,800 mm (Sano et al. 2019) and mean temperatures of 24–26°C (Alvares et al. 2013). Given the species’ ecological specificity, additional field surveys targeting similar habitats across the Chapada dos Guimarães may help identify new populations.</p><p>Comments conservation status:—Given the scarcity of records, we classified the species as Data Deficient (IUCN 2012, 2024). Vellozia aroejariensis has an estimated AOO of 8 km ², while its EOO cannot be calculated as only two known collection points do not allow for the formation of a polygon. Additional field data, particularly new occurrence records, are crucial for future conservation assessments.</p><p>During our field expeditions, we observe the death of most individuals of V. aroejariensis in the Aroe Jari Cave Complex, a private property (see etymology topic), as result of a fire that spread during the dry season of 2024 (Fig. 3e). According to local reports (employees' personal communication), the fire originated from adjacent farms and devastated the native vegetation, including the rocky outcrops where this species occurs. Although we lack specific data on the frequency or ecological role of natural fires in the area, our observations suggest that V. aroejariensis is particularly sensitive to fire, likely due to morphological traits such as a thin, unprotected stem. A similar pattern was observed in a recent study (Schindler et al. 2025, in press), where individuals of another Vellozia species died in a presumably natural fire within a protected area. These findings indicate that some Vellozia species may be inherently vulnerable to fire, regardless of its origin. Because fire is a natural component of many Neotropical ecosystems but is increasingly altered by human activity, understanding how Vellozia responds to fire is essential for its conservation.</p><p>Therefore, we emphasize the urgent for the implementation protection measures specifically targeting rocky outcrop habitats, as previously highlighted in the literature (Bitencourt et al. 2016; Bugado et al. 2025). These environments support a high number of narrowly distributed species, including the newly described V. aroejariensis, and are highly vulnerable to habitat degradation and the increasing impacts of climate change (Bugado et al. 2025).</p><p>Additional specimens examined: — BRAZIL. Mato Grosso: Chapada dos Guimarães, Casa de Pedra (linha Leste), April 1911 (fl., st.), F. C. Hoehne 2967 (R barcode R010057868, R010057869, R010057870), ibid. April 1911 (st.), F. C. Hoehne 2970 (R barcode R010057864).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E38785FFC0FF89FF778DEE509AFDCE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Schindler, Bianca;Figueira, Maurício;Simon, Marcelo Fragomeni	Schindler, Bianca, Figueira, Maurício, Simon, Marcelo Fragomeni (2025): Advances in Velloziaceae: discovery of four new species of Vellozia Vand. from Central Brazil. Phytotaxa 733 (3): 259-281, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.733.3.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.733.3.1
03E38785FFC4FF88FF778F685090F86E.text	03E38785FFC4FF88FF778F685090F86E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Vellozia glocimarii B. Schindl. 2025	<div><p>Vellozia glocimarii B.Schindl., sp. nov. (Figures 4, 5, 6, and 7c–d)</p><p>Type: — BRAZIL. Goiás: Cavalcante, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-48.031387&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.455277" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -48.031387/lat -13.455277)">Serra do lado direito da estrada no sentido Minaçu-Cavalcante</a>, 13°27'19" S, 48°01'53" W, 430 m, 12 January 2024 (fr.), B. Schindler &amp; M. Figueira 579 (Holotype CEN barcode CEN00135087 , Isotypes to be sent to: HUEFS, HUFU, MBM, R, RB, SPF, UB) .</p><p>Diagnosis: — Vellozia glocimarii resembles V. goiasensis L.B. Smith (1986: 212), differing by a set of characters as the distance between sheaths 0.1–0.5 cm (vs. 0.5–1 cm), abaxial side of the lamina entirely covered by long stellate-appressed trichomes (vs. densely covered by stellate-tuft trichomes; see Fig. 7a–d), peduncle 0.2–1.5 (–2.9) × 0.1–0.2 cm (vs. (0.9–) 2–4.1(–7.5) × 0.2–0.4 cm), 18 stamens (vs. 22–24 stamens), and smaller capsules 1–1.7 (–2.1) × 1–1.5 cm, globose, rarely ellipsoid (v s. (2.3–) 2.5–3.2 × 1.5–2 cm, ellipsoid, rarely globose), covered by emergences with a tuft of trichomes at the apex (vs. lacking trichomes).</p><p>Plants solitary, erect, 0.4–1.5 m tall. Stem usually 3–7 branched, 1–2.7 cm diam. at apex, trigonous. Leaves tristichous; sheath with margin irregular or straight, castaneous, trichomes present mostly on young sheaths, distance between sheaths 0.1–0.5 cm; lamina (7–) 11–32 × 0.5–1.3 cm, linear-triangular, arcuate, deciduous, abscission line present, conduplicate in sicco, margin entire and entirely covered by trichomes, apex attenuate or long attenuate, midrib sulcate adaxially, slightly prominent abaxially, adaxial surface glabrous or rarely with trichomes restricted to the midrib, abaxial surface entirely covered by long stellate-appressed trichomes, white or cream. Flowers 1 per branch; peduncle slightly evident or hidden by the leaves, 0.2–1.6 (–2.9) × 0.1–0.2 cm, trigonous, sulcate, glabrous or sparsely covered by soft white trichomes; hypanthium 0.7–1 × 0.6–0.8 cm, greenish cream in vivo, ellipsoid, entirely covered by linear-flat emergences with a tuft of trichomes at the apex, white, tortuous; hypanthium tube absent; tepals (3.2–) 6.2–8.5 × (0.6–) 0.8–1.3 cm, in two whorls, lilac to purple, oblong to oblong-elliptic, outer tepals glabrous or sparsely covered by emergences smaller as in the hypanthium, or just trichomes, both restricted to the proximal portion, inner tepals glabrous; corona absent; stamens 18, grouped in 3 per tepal, inserted at the base of tepals; filaments (0.6–) 0.9–1.3 cm long, white; anthers (1.4–) 2 cm long, yellow, basifixed, latrorse, appendix absent; style (1.8–) 4.4–4.8 cm long, white, glabrous; style exceeding the anthers by (0.2–) 1–1.4 cm; stigma 3–4 mm diam., yellow, trilobate. Capsule 1–1.7 (–2.1) × 1–1.5 cm, pale yellow, globose, rarely ellipsoid, loculicidal, entirely covered by emergences of bulbous base, and distally attenuate with a tuft of trichomes at the apex, white, tortuous, deciduous when old, dry tepals persistent in the apex. Seeds 1.3–2.3 mm long, castaneous to black, irregular shape.</p><p>Comments: — Vellozia glocimarii can be recognized by its closely arranged leaf sheaths densely covering the stem, leaves entirely covered with trichomes abaxially, a short peduncle, hypanthium emergences with trichomes, and relatively small fruits. Based on its geographical distribution and morphological characteristics, the closest species is V. goiasensis (compared in the diagnosis). In addition to differences in morphology, these species occupy different ecological niches. Vellozia goiasensis occurs in the region of Chapada dos Veadeiros, which is characterized by milder climatic conditions due to higher elevations (1,214 –1,506 m a.s.l.), with average minimum and maximum temperatures of 12.3 and 27.5°C, respectively, and annual precipitation of approximately 1,698 mm. In contrast, Vellozia glocimarii is found 80 km to the northwest, in lower-altitude areas of Cavalcante (333–452 m a.s.l.), where temperatures are higher (15.6–32.4°C) and precipitation is lower (1,494 mm), according to climatic data from WorldClim (Fick &amp; Hijmans 2017). In addition, the two species are associated with different geological formations: V. glocimarii occurs on the less resistant rocks of Pelite-Carbonate Rhythmic Unit of the Paranoá Group, while V. goiasensis is found on the highly resistant feldspathic quartzites of the Arraias Formation, part of the Araí Group (Moreir a et al. 2008). Other species that resemble V. glocimarii in their larger size, solitary and branched habit, and purple flowers are V. glauca Pohl (1828: 125), a widely distributed species in Brazil (Mello-Silva 2005b, 2009, 2018), and V. squamata Pohl (1828: 124), a widespread species that occurs across different soil types in the Cerrado of Central Brazil (Oliveir a et al. 1991). However, V. glauca and V. squamata can be distinguished from V. glocimarii by their glabrous lamina on both surfaces (vs. nearly glabrous adaxially and entirely covered by trichomes abaxially), serrate and glabrous leaf margins (vs. entire and with trichomes), and evident peduncle (2–) 4–11.5 cm long in V. glauca and 8–20 cm long in V. squamata (vs. slightly evident or hidden, 0.2–1.5 (–2.9) cm long in V. glocimarii). Additionally, the hypanthium emergences are subulate, conical, apiculate, or slightly flattened in V. glauca, and stellate-truncate in V. squamata (vs. linear-flat with a tuft of trichomes at the apex in V. glocimarii). The number of stamens is also higher in V. glauca (24–36) and V. squamata (24–42) (vs. 18 in V. glocimarii), while the fruits are significantly larger, measuring 3–4 × 2–2.5 cm in both V. glauca and V. squamata (vs. smaller, 1–2.1 × 1–1.5 cm in V. glocimarii).</p><p>Phenology: —Flowers in November and January. Flowering occurs quickly and synchronously among individuals. During fieldwork conducted on 27 October 2024, no fertile individuals were observed. However, just twenty days later, all plants in the two surveyed populations had flowered simultaneously, with most individuals bearing old flowers and developing fruits. Mature fruits were recorded in January and May.</p><p>Etymology: —The specific epithet honors Glocimar Pereira-Silva, who was responsible for the first collections of this taxon between 2001 and 2002, in a region that remains unexplored to this day. His contributions extend beyond this discovery and include several other type specimens collected from that same region (Antar et al. 2022; Carvalho-Sobrinho et al. 2015; Cavalcanti 2004; Cavalcanti &amp; Graham 2005; Faria &amp; Proença 2012; Oliveira &amp; Rua 2005; Romero et al. 2019). Pereira-Silva is a prolific collector with broad botanical expertise, having collected more than 17,000 specimens in various regions of Brazil, especially in the Cerrado. His dedication is recognized through this tribute, which acknowledges his tireless work in documenting Brazil’s flora and his invaluable contributions to the advancement of botanical knowledge and plant conservation.</p><p>Distribution and habitat: — Vellozia glocimarii was recorded in the transition zone between the Araguaia Tocantins and Central Plateau ecoregions, an area characterized by relatively low elevations (Sano et al. 2019). This region remains floristically underexplored and is notable for its role as a transitional zone, highlighting its potential importance for biodiversity and endemism between these two major ecoregions.</p><p>The new species occurs in four isolated localities, each approximately 10 km apart, in the northwest of the municipality of Cavalcante, near the border with Minaçu, Goiás, between 380 and 445 m a.s.l. (Fig. 5). These sites are located to the east (downstream) of the Rio Tocantins, which delimits the boundary between these two municipalities and whose basin was dammed for the construction of the Cana Brava Hydroelectric Plant. The landscape is characterized by undulating relief and low altitudes, and predominant phytophysiognomy throughout this region is cerrado rupestre (Ribeiro &amp; Walter 2008; Fig. 6a). Vellozia glocimarii grows on hill tops and slopes where rocky outcrops are abundant, particularly in areas with a alternating layers of the Pelite-Carbonate Rhythmic Unit of the Paranoá Group (Moreira et al. 2008), and where there is full exposure to sunlight (Fig. 6d, e). In these habitats, population patches comprise numerous individuals, and the species often occurs in association with Byrsonima sp. Richard ex Kunth (1821: 147; Malpighiaceae), Bulbostylis paradoxa (Spreng.) Lindman (1900: 17) Lindm., Stenodon suberosus Naudin (1844: 146), and Vellozia variabilis Mart. ex Schult. &amp; Schult.f. (1829: 293) (Fig. 6a, b).</p><p>Preliminary conservation status:— Vellozia glocimarii is known from four recorded subpopulations (Fig. 5), none of which are located in protected areas. The region where the species occurs is characterized by undulating terrain and shallow soils, which has so far limited agricultural activities. However, the construction of the Cana Brava Hydroelectric Plant has had a significant impact, resulting in habitat loss due to flooding of part of the Rio Tocantins basin. As a result, one subpopulation (G. Pereira-Silva et al. 4654; Fig. 5) was permanently lost and excluded from the calculations of AOO and EOO. Based on current data, the estimated AOO is 12 km 2, and the EOO is 50 km 2, with three extant locations. Given the EOO &lt;5,000 km 2 and AOO &lt;500 km 2, number of locations ≤ 5, decline in area of occupancy, we classify V. glocimarii as Endangered under IUCN criterion EN B1ab(iv) + 2ab(iv).</p><p>Additional specimens examined: — BRAZIL. Goiás: Cavalcante, cerca de 4 km da vila Veneno em direção ao <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-48.0625&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.526667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -48.0625/lat -13.526667)">rio São Félix</a>, 13°31'36'' S, 48°03'45'' W, 380 m, 25 January 2001 (fl., fr.), G. Pereira-Silva et al. 4654 (CEN barcode CEN0040974, RON barcode RON00024374) ; Estrada obra - rio do <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-48.102776&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.618611" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -48.102776/lat -13.618611)">Carmo</a>, km 10, 13°37'07'' S, 48°06'10'' W, 380 m, 21 May 2002 (fr.), G. Pereira-Silva &amp; E.S.G. Guarino 6452 (CEN barcode CEN0049833) ; Serra do lado direito da estrada no sentido <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-48.031944&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.458889" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -48.031944/lat -13.458889)">Minaçu-Cavalcante</a>, 13°27'32" S, 48°01'55" W, 445 m, 13 January 2024 (fr.), B. Schindler &amp; M. Figueira 590 (CEN, UB) ; ibid., 17 November 2024 (fl., fr.), B. Schindler &amp; M. Figueira 806 (CEN, UB); Estrada em direção à <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-48.044724&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.371389" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -48.044724/lat -13.371389)">Cachoeira da Carlota</a>, morro do lado direito neste sentido, 13°22'17'' S, 48°02'41" W, 440 m, 14 January 2024 (fr.), B. Schindler &amp; M. Figueira 595 (CEN, UB) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E38785FFC4FF88FF778F685090F86E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Schindler, Bianca;Figueira, Maurício;Simon, Marcelo Fragomeni	Schindler, Bianca, Figueira, Maurício, Simon, Marcelo Fragomeni (2025): Advances in Velloziaceae: discovery of four new species of Vellozia Vand. from Central Brazil. Phytotaxa 733 (3): 259-281, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.733.3.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.733.3.1
03E38785FFCBFF85FF7789F351C9F8F2.text	03E38785FFCBFF85FF7789F351C9F8F2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Vellozia nana B. Schindl. 2025	<div><p>Vellozia nana B.Schindl., sp. nov. (Figs. 5, 7e–f, 8, 9, and 11b)</p><p>Type: — BRAZIL. Goiás: Alto Paraíso de Goiás, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-47.788334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.166111" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -47.788334/lat -14.166111)">Parque Nacional da Chapada dos Veadeiros, Área próxima do Alojamento do ICMBio, região da Vila São Jorge</a>, 14°09'58'' S, 47°47'18'' W, 1014 m, 25 October 2024 (fl.), B. Schindler &amp; M. Figueira 786 (Holotype CEN barcode CEN00135088 , Isotypes to be sent to: RB, UB).</p><p>Diagnosis: — Vellozia nana closely resembles V. exilis Goethart &amp; Henrard in Henrard (1937: 370), but differs primarily in its habitat, as it grows on shallow, sandy soils with quartzite rubble (vs. preferentially among large quartzite boulders), solitary or caespitose habit, reaching up to 20 cm tall (vs. always caespitose, forming dense clumps up to 70 cm tall). It has a thicker stem with 1–1.5 cm in diameter with closely spaced sheaths up to 0.2 mm apart (vs. slender stem, 0.3 cm in diameter, with sheaths more widely spaced 0.5–1.8 cm apart). Overall shape of the leaf linear or linear-triangular, becoming slightly revolute in sicco (vs. always linear, conduplicate, and revolute in sicco), larger tepals (2.6–) 3–4.4 × 0.6–0.9 cm (vs. 2.2–2.5 (–2.9) × 0.3–0.4 cm), and higher stamen number (10–) 14–17 (vs. 6).</p><p>Plants caespitose or solitary, erect, up to 0.2 m tall. Stem branched, short, 1–1.5 cm diam. at apex, terete. Leaves tristichous; sheath with margin straight or lacerated, distance between sheaths 0.1–0.2 cm; lamina 3.5–12.1 × 0.2–0.3 cm, linear, linear-triangular, erect, deciduous, abscission line present, flat to slightly revolute in sicco, margin entirely serrate, apex acute, obtuse, retuse to emarginate, rarely attenuate, midrib sulcate and serrated in the distal portion adaxially, slightly prominent and sparsely serrate abaxially, adaxial surface glabrous with two serrated veins parallel to midrib, abaxial surface glabrous. Flowers 1 per branch; peduncle slightly evident or hidden by the leaf sheaths and leaves, 0.1–1.5 × 0.1 cm, trigonous, sulcate, glabrous, rarely with subulate emergences in the distal portion; hypanthium 0.4–0.7 × 0.3–0.4 cm, green or greenish cream in vivo, pale yellow in sicco, ellipsoid to obconic, entirely covered by subulate emergences; hypanthium tube absent; tepals (2.6–) 3–4.4 × 0.6–0.9 cm, in two whorls, purple, lanceolate, oblanceolate or oblong, glabrous; corona absent; stamens (10–) 14–17, grouped in 2–3 per tepal, inserted at the base of tepals; filaments 0.6–1 cm long, white, anthers 0.4–1.2 cm long, yellow, basifixed, latrorse, appendix absent; style 1.4–3 cm long, white, glabrous; style exceeding the anthers by 0.3–1 cm; stigma 2–4 mm diam., yellow, trilobate. Capsule 0.6–1 × 0.4–0.6 cm, green in vivo, pale yellow or brown in sicco, ellipsoid, loculicidal, entirely covered by subulate emergences with bulbous base, dry tepals persistent in the apex. Seeds not seen.</p><p>Comments: — Vellozia nana resembles V. exilis, especially in the size of the leaves, peduncle, hypanthium, and type of emergence, but it differs from that species in the characteristics provided in the diagnosis, including the habitat. In this regard, V. nana resembles V. pumila Goethart &amp; Henrard in Henrard (1937: 378), as its epithet suggests, which is common in the Chapada dos Veadeiros. However, it differs from the latter by its smaller leaves (3.5–12.1 × 0.2–0.3 cm vs. 11–47 × 0.3–0.5 cm), adaxial leaf surface (serrate vs. smooth; see Fig. 7f), leaf apex varying from acute-obtuse, retuse or emarginate (vs. long-attenuated), shorter peduncle (0.1–1.5 vs. 3–7 cm long), fewer stamens ((10–) 14–17 vs. (15–) 18–36), smaller tepals ((2.6–) 3–4.4 × 0.6–0.9 cm vs. 4–8 × 1–1.5 cm), and smaller fruits (0.6–1 × 0.4–0.6 vs. 2.5 × 1.5 cm).</p><p>Phenology: —Flowering between September and November, and fruiting in October and March.</p><p>Etymology: —The specific epithet refers to the species’ small size. To date, this is the smallest species of Vellozia recorded in Central Brazil.</p><p>Distribution and habitat: — Vellozia nana has been recorded in four localities in the municipality of Alto Paraíso de Goiás, Goiás state.All occurrences lie within or adjacent to the Parque Nacional da Chapada dos Veadeiros (PNCV). Three populations are located within a 4–5 km radius, while the fourth is approximately 32 km to the east, in the Serra da Baliza mountain range (Fig. 5). The Chapada dos Veadeiros region is characterized by its diverse landscape, shaped by past geomorphological processes (Campos et al. 2013; Carvalho Júnior et al. 2015), which contributes to a rich and endemic flora (Gomes‐da‐Silva &amp; Forzza 2021; Simon &amp; Proença 2000), continuously documented in recent studies (Orlandini et al. 2022; Santos et al. 2022; Soares et al. 2022; Trovó et al. 2024).</p><p>Vellozia nana is found between 1,014 –1,449 m a.s.l., associated with other representatives of Velloziaceae and Dyckia spp. in an environment characteristic of rocky fields (campo rupestre) (Ribeiro &amp; Walter 2008), a vegetation that predominates in the region (Munhoz &amp; Proença 1998). The species grows on shallow, sandy soils with quartzite rubble, belonging to the Traíras Formation (Araí Group) and the Lower Quartzitic Rhythmic Conglomeratic Unit (Paranoá Group) (Moreira et al. 2008). One population occurs in sympatry with V. veadeirensis (described below), occupying similar habitat (Fig. 11b).</p><p>Preliminary conservation status:— Vellozia nana comprises four known subpopulations, all located within or at the boundary of the PNCV.Two of these are situated along the margins of the highway GO-239, making them particularly susceptible to the spread of invasive alien grasses and other human-induced disturbances. The subpopulation in Serra da Baliza is close to the PNCV boundary, in an area that has recently been expanded but not yet fully implemented, and is suffering from external pressures (i.e., frequent visits by unauthorized people and the suppression of vegetation to create new roads). Given the limited number of known occurrences, all restricted to elevations above 1,000 m (Fig. 5), its habitat is presumed to be highly specific. In the face of climate change, there is likely to be a significant loss of this habitat, making it difficult for the species to migrate to nearby areas with similar environmental conditions (Bugado et al. 2025; Corlett &amp; Westcott 2013). V. nana has AOO = 16 km 2, EOO = 51, 11 km 2, and four locations. Based on current data and field observations, and considering its EOO &lt;5,000 km 2 and AOO &lt;500 km 2, number of locations ≤ 5, continuous decline in habitat quality, we assign V. nana as endangered (EN) under IUCN criterion B1ab(iii) + 2ab(iii).</p><p>Additional specimens examined: — BRAZIL. Goiás: Alto Paraíso de Goiás, Chapada dos Veadeiros, 27 Km de Alto Paraíso para Colinas, 24 November 1994 (fl.), M. Aparecida da Silva et al. 2392 (US barcode 01328878, IBGE barcode IBGE00034828, SPF barcode SPF00106189); Parque Nacional Chapada dos Veadeiros – PNCV. Córrego dos <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-47.76889&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.138888" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -47.76889/lat -14.138888)">Ingleses</a>, 14º08'20'' S, 47º46'08'' W, 1115 m, 12 September 1996 (fl., st.), R.C. Mendonça et al. 2792 (IBGE barcode IBGE00039126, SPF barcode SPF00121192, UFG 19979) ; PARNA da Chapada dos Veadeiros, próximo à entrada que dá acesso ao alojamento. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-47.79&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.165555" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -47.79/lat -14.165555)">Campo</a> 13, ponto 07, 14°09'56'' S, 47°47'24'' W, 1040 m, 31 October 2014 (fl.), J. B. Bringel Jr. et al. 1061 (CEN barcode CEN00104250) ; Parque Nacional da Chapada dos <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-47.488056&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.164166" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -47.488056/lat -14.164166)">Veadeiros. Serra da Baliza</a>, 14°09'51" S, 47°29'17" W, 1449 m, 27 October 2024 (fr.), B. Schindler &amp; M. Figueira 951 (CEN, UB) ; Parque Nacional da Chapada dos <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-47.788334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.166111" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -47.788334/lat -14.166111)">Veadeiros. Estrada</a> de acesso para o alojamento do ICMBio, região da Vila São Jorge, 14°09'58" S, 47°47'18" W, 1014 m, 6 March 2025 (fr.), B. Schindler et al. 946 (CEN, UB) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E38785FFCBFF85FF7789F351C9F8F2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Schindler, Bianca;Figueira, Maurício;Simon, Marcelo Fragomeni	Schindler, Bianca, Figueira, Maurício, Simon, Marcelo Fragomeni (2025): Advances in Velloziaceae: discovery of four new species of Vellozia Vand. from Central Brazil. Phytotaxa 733 (3): 259-281, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.733.3.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.733.3.1
03E38785FFCCFF9DFF7788E85067FE76.text	03E38785FFCCFF9DFF7788E85067FE76.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Vellozia veadeirensis B. Schindl. 2025	<div><p>Vellozia veadeirensis B.Schindl., sp. nov. (Figs. 5, 7g –h, 10, and 11)</p><p>Type: — BRAZIL. Goiás: Alto Paraíso de Goiás, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-47.79861&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.155277" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -47.79861/lat -14.155277)">Parque Nacional da Chapada dos Veadeiros, Área próxima do Alojamento do ICMBio, região da Vila São Jorge</a>, 14°09'19'' S, 47°47'55'' W, 1122 m, 25 October 2024 (fl.), B. Schindler &amp; M. Figueira 782 (Holotype CEN barcode CEN00135089 , Isotypes to be sent to: HUEFS, HUFU, MBM, R, RB, SPF, UB).</p><p>Diagnosis: — Vellozia veadeirensis resembles V. peripherica Mello-Silva (2004: 457) by the marcescent and reflexed leaves, white flowers, glandular emergences on the hypanthium, short hypanthium tube, and ability to flower quickly and abundantly after fires. It can be differentiated by its caespitose and prostrate habit up to 0.2 m tall (vs. solitary, branched, and erect up to 0.4–1.5 m tall), lamina glabrous to entirely covered by fasciculate–appressed trichomes (vs. glabrous), solitary flower (vs. solitary or grouped, 2–5 per branch), smaller hypanthium 0.4–0.6 × 0.2–0.3 cm, entirely covered by glandular emergences (vs. 2–3.5 × 0.6–1.5 cm, usually glabrous or sparsely covered by glandular emergences), and 12–18 stamens (vs. (28–) 36).</p><p>Plants caespitose, prostrate, up to 0.2 m tall. Stems very short, 2.5–4 cm diam. at apex, covered by marcescent leaves, few visible, terete. Leaves spirotristichous; sheath brown, lustrous, resinous; lamina 12–19.5 × (0.4–) 0.6– 0.8 cm, linear-triangular, erect or erect-patent, with marcescent and reflexed mature leaves, abscission line absent, flat, rarely conduplicate in sicco, margin entire, sparsely to entirely covered by trichomes, apex acute or attenuate, midrib slightly sulcate to sulcate adaxially, slightly prominent abaxially, adaxial surface glabrous or sparsely to entirely covered by fasciculate–appressed white trichomes, abaxial surface glabrous to entirely covered by trichomes like those on the adaxial surface, leaves with a silvery appearance, especially the young. Flowers 1 per branch; peduncle evident, (4.5–) 7–12.5 × 0.1–0.3 cm, trigonous, sulcate, sparsely to densely covered by sessile or stipitate glandular emergences; hypanthium 0.4–0.6 × 0.2–0.3 cm, green with vinaceous edges in vivo, obconic or ellipsoid, entirely covered by sessile glandular emergences with bulbous base; hypanthium tube present; tube 0.3–1 × 0.3 cm, white or rarely cream or lilac when young, sparsely to densely covered by sessile or stipitate glandular emergences; tepals 5.8–7.8 × 1–2 cm, in two whorls, white, rarely lilac, imbricate, oblanceolate, elliptic, or oblong, with a truncated, slightly emarginate to rounded apex, often with sinus on the apical margins, outer tepals glabrous, rarely covered by sparse sessile glandular emergences restricted to the proximal portion, inner tepals glabrous; corona absent; stamens 12–18, grouped in 2–3 per tepal, inserted at the base of tepals; filaments 0.7–3 cm long, white; anthers 1.3–1.5 cm long, yellow, basifixed, latrorse, appendix absent; style 5.3–6.5 cm long, white, glabrous; style exceeding the anthers by 0.5–1.2 cm; stigma 3–4 mm diam., yellow, trilobate. Capsule 1.1–2.1 × 0.7–1.2 cm, green in vivo, brown in sicco, globose, obovoid to obconic, loculicidal, entirely covered by emergences as in the hypanthium, dry hypanthium tube persistent in the apex. Seeds 0.4–0.6 mm long, castaneous to black, irregular shape.</p><p>Comments: — Vellozia veadeirensis belongs to a group of species morphologically similar to Vellozia tubiflora (A.Rich.) Kunth (1825: 155) and V. hirsuta Goethart &amp; Henrard in Henrard (1937: 374), both treated as polymorphic and considered as species complexes (Mello-Silva 2010). Like these, V. veadeirensis has white tepals (occasionally purple or with a slight purplish tinge), hypanthium covered with glandular emergences, and hypanthium tube present. However, it is distinguished by its caespitose and prostrate habit (vs. solitary or caespitose, erect, rarely prostrate in rheophyte plants), marcescent leaves (vs. deciduous, rarely marcescent), and shorter hypanthium tube up to 1 cm long (vs. 2.5–11 cm long). V. veadeirensis shares morphological affinities with the distantly allopatric V. cachimbensis L.B. Smith (1962: 268), a sessile plant with a stem up to 4 cm tall, occurring in the Serra do Cachimbo, Pará (Smith 1962). This taxon is currently synonymized under the polymorphic V. tubiflora complex (Mello-Silva 2010). However, unlike V. veadeirensis, the protologue of V. cachimbensis does not mention caespitose, prostrate habit. Furthermore, although the leaves of V. cachimbensis may appear marcescent in some specimens (J. M. Pires et al. 6332, 6235), the species is deciduous, as evidenced by the presence of an abscission line (vs. marcescent leaves of V. veadeirensis). In addition, its hypanthium tube is 4.5–6.5 cm long (vs. up to 1 cm). In the Chapada dos Veadeiros, V. sessilis —a microendemic species and the one most similar to V. veadeirensis —can be distinguished from it by the following features: erect habit, reaching 1 m tall (vs. prostrate, growing up to 0.2 m), simple or branched stems with deciduous leaves (vs. very short or underground stems, often not visible, covered by leaves), peduncle sessile to subsessile, hidden by leaf sheaths, up to 2.1 cm long (vs. evident up to 10.8 cm long), and longer hypanthium tube 4.5–8.5 cm long (vs. up to 1 cm long).</p><p>Phenology: —Recorded with flowers in October, and fruiting in February and March (Fig. 11e, f). Fire seems to influence its phenology by stimulating flowering and fruiting, as two collections were made after fire events. In one of the populations (B. Schindler &amp; M. Figueira 785), fire affected only a portion of the individuals. The burnt individuals flowered simultaneously, while those unaffected exhibited few flower buds or remained sterile.</p><p>Etimology: —The specific epithet refers to the Chapada dos Veadeiros region, an important center of plant endemism in Central Brazil, where the species was found.</p><p>Distribution and habitat: — Vellozia veadeirensis has been recorded in three localities within the municipality of Alto Paraíso de Goiás, Goiás state, occuring at elevations between 1,030 –1,342 m a.s.l. Two of these populations are located about 1.5 km from each other and within the boundaries of the PNCV, while the third is approximately 24 km east (Fig. 5). One of the populations is sympatric with V. nana, reinforcing their ecological similarities. Like V. nana, V. veadeirensis inhabits shallow, sandy soils, with quartzite rubble, primarily associated with the Arraias and Traíras Formation (Araí Group) and the Lower Quartzitic Rhythmic Conglomeratic Unit (Paranoá Group) (Moreira et al. 2008; Fig. 11a, b). Although they belong to different stratigraphic units and Groups, these units share a predominantly quartzite, sandstone, and conglomerate composition, belonging to the same lithology.</p><p>Preliminary conservation status:— Vellozia veadeirensis has three recorded subpopulations, two of which are located within the boundaries of PNCV. However, one of the PNCV’s subpopulations occurs in the bordering area, near highway GO–239, where invasive alien grasses are present along its extension. This region lacks a buffer zone between the highway and the protected area, making it vulnerable to human disturbances and the potential spread of exotic grasses. In addition, the population further east is located in a private area, in a region affected by property speculation, which has already resulted in the suppression of native vegetation. The environmental conditions and threats faced by this species are similar to those described for V. nana (see above). Since two subpopulations are close to each other (2 x 2 km grid cells), only one was considered for the AOO calculation. Thus, V. veadeirensis has AOO = 8 km 2, EOO = 11, 14 km 2, and only two locations. Given that its EOO &lt;5,000 km 2 and AOO &lt;500 km 2, number of locations ≤ 5, observed decline in habitat quality, we assign V. veadeirensis as endangered (EN) under IUCN criterion B1ab(iii) + 2ab(iii).</p><p>Additional specimens examined: — BRAZIL. Goiás: Alto Paraíso de Goiás, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-47.569164&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.2074995" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -47.569164/lat -14.2074995)">Região da Chapada dos Veadeiros, Estrada de terra à esquerda sentido Alto Paraíso de Goiás (GO-118), direção à Aldeia multiétnica</a>, 14°12'27" S, 47°34'09" W, 1342 m, 6 February 2024 (fl.), B. Schindler et al. 627 (CEN, UB) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-47.788887&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.1658325" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -47.788887/lat -14.1658325)">Parque Nacional da Chapada dos Veadeiros, Área próxima do Alojamento do ICMBio, região da Vila São Jorge</a>, 14°09'57'' S, 47°47'20'' W, 1030 m, 25 October 2024 (fl.), B. Schindler &amp; M. Figueira 785 (CEN, UB) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-47.788887&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-14.1658325" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -47.788887/lat -14.1658325)">Parque Nacional da Chapada dos Veadeiros, Estrada de acesso para o alojamento do ICMBio, região da Vila São Jorge</a>, 14°09'57'' S, 47°47'20'' W, 1030 m, 6 March 2025 (fr.) B. Schindler et al. 947 (CEN, UB) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E38785FFCCFF9DFF7788E85067FE76	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Schindler, Bianca;Figueira, Maurício;Simon, Marcelo Fragomeni	Schindler, Bianca, Figueira, Maurício, Simon, Marcelo Fragomeni (2025): Advances in Velloziaceae: discovery of four new species of Vellozia Vand. from Central Brazil. Phytotaxa 733 (3): 259-281, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.733.3.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.733.3.1
