taxonID	type	description	language	source
03E5464AFF80CB6EFF56F98CFEF8DE9D.taxon	description	Figs 1, 2 A, 3 A, 4 A, 5, 6, 9 A, 11 B	en	Robillard, Tony, Benavides-Lopez, Jose Luis, Tan, Ming Kai, Sperber, Carlos Frankl (2026): Integrative taxonomic revision and review of the bioacoustics of the cricket genus Eneoptera (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Eneopterinae). Zootaxa 5763 (3): 301-327, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5763.3.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5763.3.1
03E5464AFF80CB6EFF56F98CFEF8DE9D.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype (Fig. 1 A – D): GUYANA • ♂; # 44.85, det. B. C. Townsend, 1975; NHMUK 016032953 [examined] Additional material examined. GUYANA • 1 ♂; British Guiana, Kartabo; [6.3446 N, 58.7019 W]; ix. 1922; leg. Haviland M. D.; identified Eneoptera surinamensis by B. Uvarov Brit Mus 1924 - 519; NHMUK • 1 ♀; Kaieteur National Park; 5.273241 – 59.391517; on open vegetation; obs. tmurray 74; iii. 2012; iNaturalist 47297741 • 1 ♀; Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo; 2.92395, – 58.73736; 24. ii. 2022; a 1 virginia obs.; https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 138951221 • 1 ♀; Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo; 3.75256, – 59.30993, 19 m; 07. i. 2025; jware 42 obs. https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 257743428 • 1 ♀; Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo; 3.74749, – 59.31245; 03. xi. 2025; danbrown _ wild-discovery-tours obs.; https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 327023226. BOLIVIA • 1 ♂; Trinidad; [– 14.842134 °, – 64.888569 °]; x. 1917; ANSP • 1 ♀; Cuatro Ojos; [– 17.770300 ° – 63.231431 °]; ix. 1917; ANSP • 1 ♂; Yung Coroico; Haviland M. D. leg.; ix. 1922; identified Eneoptera surinamensis by B. Uvarov; NHMW • 1 ♂; Prov. Del Sara; 450 m; J. Steinbach leg.; ex Carn. Mus. Bruner cln.; ANSP. BRAZIL • 4 ♂; Chapada, near Cuiabá, Matto Grosso; [– 15.555219 °, – 55.965805 °]; previously identified Eneoptera surinamensis, Ex Carn. Mus. Bruner Cln.; ANSP • 5 ♀, 3 ♂; Chapada, Chapada; ex Carn. Mus. Bruner cln., identified E. surinamensis; ANSP. • 1 ♀; Paiva, Cabo de Santo Agostinho, PE; – 8.24975, – 34.94568, 163 m; negromonte _ ion obs.; 08. ii. 2024; https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 250498695 • 1 ♀; Itamarati, Belo Horizonte, MG; – 19.86777, – 43.98796, 11 m; 31. x. 2024; mogweh obs.; https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 249910264 • 1 ♀; Franco da Rocha, SP; – 23.33620, – 46.69940, 201 m; 22. x. 2024; https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 249568171 • 1 ♀; Caeté-Açu, Palmeiras, BA; – 12.66526, – 41.48652; 08. i. 2024; alexandremarx obs.; https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 196563162 • 1 ♀; Sorocaba, SP; – 23.49166, – 47.50692; 1. x. 2023; douglasbete obs.; https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 188319466 • 1 ♀; Brasília, DF; – 15.58674, – 47.61565, 8 m; 08. x. 2023; cdonner obs. https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 186903781 • 1 ♀; Brasília, DF; – 15.76587, – 47.85708; 9. x. 2023; jeanmartins obs.; https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 186943315 • 1 ♂; Piedade do Paraopeba, Brumadinho, MG; – 20.19529, – 43.97886, 206 m; 03. x. 2023; colibri 82 obs.; https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 186096994 • 1 ♀; Caucaia, CE; 3.63526, – 38.84528, 4 m; 5. xi. 2022; ryanvieira obs. https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 141388138 • 1 ♂; Parque Estadual do Juquery — R. Miguel Segundo Lerussi, SP; 23.33255, – 46.68648, 201 m; 1. v. 2023; rick _ costa obs; https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 201336366 • 1 ♀; Mata de São João, BA,; [– 12.701943 °, – 38.342753 °], Rafael Salvador obs.; https: // www. insetologia. com. br / 2018 / 07 / grilo-eneoptera-nabahia. htm • 1 ♀; Itajá, GO; – 19.067471, – 51.548837; on vegetation in open area; vii. 2019; vinisouza 128 obs.; https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 28825474 • 1 ♀; Itajá, GO; – 19.069642, – 51.54068; on vegetation in open area; vii. 2019; caroline _ brasil obs.; https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 29225471 • 1 ♂; St. Hab Ind Norte, Brasília, Distrito Federal; – 15.729445, – 47.858891; xii. 2019; douglas-u-oliveira obs.; https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 36297270 • 1 ♀; ESEC Águas Emendadas, Distrito Federal, Brasília; – 15.569503, – 47.600444; xii. 2019; open area, on sandy soil; ericfischerrempe obs.; https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 36256476 • 1 ♀; Taguatinga; – 15.76587, – 48.05934; 16. xi. 2021; pedrosisnando obs.; https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 101278829 • 1 ♂; Asa Norte; – 15.74373, – 47.88464; 28. vii. 2021; gafischer obs.; https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 88984221 • 1 ♂; Bela Vista, Rio Claro, SP; – 22.40532, – 47.54008; 2. xi. 2020; gussoni obs; https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 64060473 • 1 ♀; Cocalzinho de Goiás, GO; – 15.71750, – 48.33586; 24. x. 2020; beatrizventura obs.; https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 63422890 • 1 ♀; ESEC Águas Emendadas, Distrito Federal; – 15.56950, – 47.60044; 1. xii. 2019; ericfischerrempe obs.; https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 36256476 • 1 ♀; Itajá, GO; – 19.06747, – 51.54883; 13. vii. 2019; vinisouza 128 obs.; https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 28825474 • 1 ♂; Panorama, Araçatuba, SP; – 21.22139, – 50.42832, 362 m; 19. iii. 2022; vinisouza 128 obs.; https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 109551544 • 1 ♀; Amajari, RR; 3.77998, – 61.73414, 75 m; 20. vi. 2025; viniciusviana obs.; https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 292218519 • 1 ♂; Brasilia, SQDS 403 / 404; – 15.81184, – 47.88731, 22 m; 30. ix. 2024; mariobarroso obs. https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 244909592 • 1 ♂; Brasilia; – 15.79876, – 47.87254, 25 m; 21. x. 2024; andre _ ambrozio obs.; https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 248528622 • 1 ♀; Lago Sul, Brasília, DF; 15.96301, – 47.95599, 461 m; 27. v. 2024; kamilly _ eduarda _ fc obs.; https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 218910985 • 1 ♀; Brasil, Maceió — AL, 57038 - 640; – 9.61359, – 35.69245, 11 m; 19. i. 2025; lucaskaminski obs.; https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 259003262 • 1 ♀; Rua Brasíliano Ribeiro de Souza; – 7.55098, – 35.44824, 211 m; 16. i. 2025; obs. Renanbryan; https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 258699580 • 1 ♀; Paiva, Cabo de Santo Agostinho, PE; – 8.24975, – 34.94568, 163 m; negromonte _ ion obs.; 08. ii. 2024; https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 250498695 • 1 ♀; Itamarati, Belo Horizonte, MG; – 19.86777, – 43.98796, 11 m; 31. x. 2024; obs. mogweh; https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 249910264 • 1 ♀; Franco da Rocha, SP; – 23.33620, – 46.69940, 201 m; 22. x. 2024; https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 249568171 • 1 ♀; Caeté-Açu, Palmeiras, BA; – 12.66526, – 41.48652; 08. i. 2024; alexandremarx obs.; https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 196563162 • 1 ♀; Sorocaba, SP; – 23.49166, – 47.50692; 1. x. 2023; douglasbete obs.; https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 188319466 • 1 ♀; Brasília, DF; – 15.58674, – 47.61565, 8 m; 08. x. 2023; cdonner obs.; https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 186903781 • 1 ♀; Brasília, DF; – 15.76587, – 47.85708; 9. x. 2023; jeanmartins obs.; https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 186943315 • 1 ♂; Piedade do Paraopeba, Brumadinho, MG; – 20.19529, – 43.97886, 206 m; 03. x. 2023; colibri 82 obs.; https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 186096994 • 1 ♀; Caucaia, CE; 3.63526, – 38.84528, 4 m; 5. xi. 2022; ryanvieira obs. https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 141388138 • 1 ♂; Parque Estadual do Juquery — R. Miguel Segundo Lerussi, SP; 23.33255, – 46.68648, 201 m; 1. v. 2023; rick _ costa obs; https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 201336366 • 1 ♀; Paraná, Tibagi, Parque Estadual do Guartelá; – 24.566000 – 50.256100; ix. 2020; M. Fianco & N. Szinwelski leg.; identified Eneoptera surinamensis; DZUP, Curitiba (http: // orthoptera. archive. speciesfile. org / Common / specimen / ShowSpecimen. aspx? SpecimenID = 153412). COLOMBIA • 3 ♂; Dept. Meta, 25 km ENE Pto Lopez on road to El Vento; leg. D. C. F. Rentz, T. Rouse; 9. iii. 1971; ANSP • 1 ♀; Meta, Pto Lopez, Vereda Menegua; 14. iv. 1984; R. A. Laguna leg.; identified T. Robillard, 2017; ICN • 1 ♀; Meta, Pto Lopez, Alto Menegua; 300 m; M. Carvajal leg.; 14. iv. 1984; identified T. Robillard 2017; ICN • 1 ♂; Vichada department 2 – 3 km S of junction with entrance to Laguna Mozambique hacienda; area of dry moist forest degraded by cattle; N. D. Jago leg.; 17. vii. 1981; ANSP • 1 ♂, 3 ♀; Menegua, Pto Lopez; N 04 ° 05 ' 32.63, W 72 ° 48 ' 44.1 ", 209 m; prairie en bord de forêt, sol sableux [open area near forest, sandy soil]; on low plant; 8 – 10. xii. 2018; T. Robillard & J. L. Benavides-Lopez leg; molecular samples E 75, E 77 (2 ♀); ICN • 1 ♂; Menegua, Pto Lopez; N 04 ° 05 ' 32.63, W 72 ° 48 ' 44.1 ", 209 m; prairie en bord de forêt, sol sableux [open area near forest, sandy soil]; on low plant; 8 – 10. xii. 2018; T. Robillard & J. L Benavides-Lopez leg; call recording in captivity, molecular sample E 76; MNHN • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Menegua, Pto Lopez; N 04 ° 05 ' 32.63, W 72 ° 48 ' 44.1 ", 209 m; prairie en bord de forêt, sol sableux [open area near forest, sandy soil]; on low plant; 8 – 10. xii. 2018; T. Robillard & J. L Benavides-Lopez leg; molecular sample E 78 (1 ♀); MNHN • 1 ♂; Dept. Vaupés, San-José del Guaviare; M. Descamps leg.; xii. 1970, holotype of E. gracilis; MNHN-EO-ENSIF 221 • 3 ♂, 2 ♀; Dept. Vaupés, San-José del Guaviare; M. Descamps leg.; xii. 1970, paratypes of E. gracilis; MNHN-EO-ENSIF 223, ENSIF 224, ENSIF 225, ENSIF 229, ENSIF 230, ENSIF 231 • 1 ♀; Dept. Vaupés, San-José del Guaviare; M. Descamps leg.; xii. 1970, allotype of E. gracilis; MNHN-EO-ENSIF 97 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; J. Desplats leg.; paratype of E. gracilis, T. Robillard; MNHN-EO-ENSIF 227, ENSIF 236 • 1 ♀; Dept. Vaupés, Bocas del Ariari; M. Descamps leg.; xii. 1970, paratypes of E. gracilis; MNHN-EO-ENSIF 232 • 1 ♀; Dept. Amazonas, Rio Igaraparaná, 30 km aval La Chorrera; M. Descamps leg.; xii. 1970, paratypes of E. gracilis, molecular sample Egr; MNHN-EO-ENSIF 233 • 1 ♀; Dept. Amazonas, La Sabana; M. Descamps leg.; xii. 1970, paratypes of E. gracilis, molecular sample Egr; MNHN-EO-ENSIF 235. FRENCH GUIANA • 1 ♀; Cayenne; M. Klagea; ii. 19? 7, identified E. surinamensis; AMNH • 4 ♂, 13 ♀; Savane Nancibo; 04 ° 38 ' 53.3 ", 52 ° 25 ' 56.27 " W; 14. xii. 2018; SEAG leg.; solar pit-fall; MNHN • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Secteur de Mana, Xt RN 1 organado à Mana et RN 1 de l’Inini organ. A St Laurent; clairière, forêt, sous litière feuille morte, au sol; 12. i. 1968; J. Bonfils leg.; MNHN • 1 ♀; Carrière de Luz, Kourou; 9. ix. 2023; ZNIEF, DEAL Guyane, CNES leg.; malaise trap; MNHN • 1 ♂; Awala-Yalimapo; 5.73192, – 53.92564, 346 m; 29. v. 2025; louloubeney obs.; https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 286291979. SURINAME • 1 ♀; Sud Suriname, Barrage (Bragapuga [?]); identified E. gracilis paratype by T. Robillard, 2005; MNHN-EO-ENSIF 237 • 1 ♂; Sud Suriname, Brarrage (Bragapuga [?]); identified E. gracilis, paratype, by Robillard, 2005; MNHN-EO-ENSIF 228 • 1 ♀; savanne 3 e kamp opstrnik; D. C. Geyskes leg.; 15. x. 1948; molecular sample E 87; RMNH • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; savanne; D. C. Geyskes leg.; 12 – 15. x. 1948; RMNH • 1 ♀; savanne, Djaikreek km 7.5; D. C. Geyskes; 10. X. 1948; # 1353; RMNH • 1 ♂; Tibitibos; 7. i. 1949; D. C. Geyskes leg.; RMNH • 1 ♀; 7. i. 1949; ex coll. Fruhstorfer, identified Eneoptera surinamensis by Brullé; MHNG. VENEZUELA • 2 ♀; Guarico, 63 km E. Jct Rts 18 and 8 on Rt 8; [c. 8.741241 °, – 66.239510 °] 18. vii. 1981; Otte et al. leg.; ANSP • 2 ♀; Cojedes Hato Mataclara; 9 ° S, – 68 ° 30 ' E; 12. vii. 1981; Otte et al. leg.; molecular sample E 91; ANSP • 1 ♂; Caripito; [10.107304 °, – 63.103077 °]; 2. v. 1942; gift of New York Zoo. Soc. Dept. Tropical Research; William Beebe Dir. Leg.; AMNH • 1 ♀; Departamento de Química Facyt, Naguanagua 2005, Carabobo; 10.27749, – 68.00145, 6 m; 04. ii. 2025; hellviskamacaro obs.; https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 260626525.	en	Robillard, Tony, Benavides-Lopez, Jose Luis, Tan, Ming Kai, Sperber, Carlos Frankl (2026): Integrative taxonomic revision and review of the bioacoustics of the cricket genus Eneoptera (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Eneopterinae). Zootaxa 5763 (3): 301-327, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5763.3.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5763.3.1
03E5464AFF80CB6EFF56F98CFEF8DE9D.taxon	discussion	Taxonomic discussion. Chopard (1931 a) mentioned that Platydactylus caliginosus differs from E. surinamensis in the study describing the species E. guyanensis. However, in his 1968 catalogue, he considered P. caliginosus as a synonym of E. surinamensis, with no further explanation (Chopard, 1968). The name was later treated by Robillard & Desutter-Grandcolas (2005) as having an unclear status (E. caliginosus?) in their revision of Eneoptera and did not study the type specimen. Here, we compared the type specimens of E. caliginosa and E. gracilis, which revealed that despite minor differences, the two species are very similar in terms of external morphology and male genitalia (Figs 1, 3). Original descriptions by Walker (1869) are very brief, and E. gracilis was described without prior examination of the type of P. caliginosus; in this context, it is likely that E. gracilis, described from Colombia (Fig. 1 E – G), could correspond to P. caliginosus, described from Guyana (Fig. 1 A – D). Our comparisons of specimens from various localities from French Guiana, Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela, Suriname and Bolivia support this hypothesis, as there are only minor and inconsistent differences among these localities that could be either explained by intraspecific variation within a given series, or by the wide geographic range. While no detailed molecular data is available yet to test the similarity between the two species, acoustic data are clearly supporting it: the call of E. gracilis has first been described by Zefa et al. (2022) based on the recording of specimens from Brazil. Interestingly, despite the fact that E. gracilis was previously known only from Colombia, Zefa et al. (2022) identified their specimens as E. gracilis, the only species likely matching the morphology and male genitalia of their recorded males. The male that we recorded here from the type locality of E. gracilis in Colombia is similar to the call described by Zefa et al. (2022) (Figs 4 A, 5). It supports the hypothesis that the specimens from western (Colombia) and eastern (Brazil) South America belong to one species. Based on these pieces of evidence, and rule of priority, we synonymize E. gracilis Robillard, 2005 under Eneoptera caliginosa (Walker, 1869) stat. nov. as junior synonym (syn. nov.).	en	Robillard, Tony, Benavides-Lopez, Jose Luis, Tan, Ming Kai, Sperber, Carlos Frankl (2026): Integrative taxonomic revision and review of the bioacoustics of the cricket genus Eneoptera (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Eneopterinae). Zootaxa 5763 (3): 301-327, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5763.3.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5763.3.1
03E5464AFF80CB6EFF56F98CFEF8DE9D.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Guyana (type locality), French Guiana, Brazil (new record), Colombia (type locality of E. gracilis), Venezuela (new record), Suriname, Bolivia (new record).	en	Robillard, Tony, Benavides-Lopez, Jose Luis, Tan, Ming Kai, Sperber, Carlos Frankl (2026): Integrative taxonomic revision and review of the bioacoustics of the cricket genus Eneoptera (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Eneopterinae). Zootaxa 5763 (3): 301-327, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5763.3.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5763.3.1
03E5464AFF80CB6EFF56F98CFEF8DE9D.taxon	diagnosis	Differential diagnosis. Eneoptera caliginosa is close to E. surinamensis. While the species ’ general coloration is rather variable, it generally shows a contrast between the lighter dorsum compared to the rest of the body, dark brown. E. surinamensis and E. caliginosa are more similar in this than E. guyanensis and E. nigripedis, which are entirely dark brown (with less contrast between the dorsal part and the rest of the body). Both species also resemble each other for the dull brown male FWs, while E. guyanensis and E. nigripedis showing shiny dark brown FWs (Figs 1, 2). The two species are also more similar in terms of male genitalia, although they differ by shape of pseudepiphallus and endophallus. Morphologically, E. caliginosa can be distinguished from E. surinamensis by its thinner shape, smaller size, hind legs longer proportionally to body, fastigium and head more globular in dorsal view (Fig. 2), and both male and female genitalia. Females are also clearly distinguished by the black triangular area of the lateral field of the FWs with cells underlined with yellow veins in E. caliginosa, while they are entirely black in the other species (Fig. 2).	en	Robillard, Tony, Benavides-Lopez, Jose Luis, Tan, Ming Kai, Sperber, Carlos Frankl (2026): Integrative taxonomic revision and review of the bioacoustics of the cricket genus Eneoptera (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Eneopterinae). Zootaxa 5763 (3): 301-327, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5763.3.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5763.3.1
03E5464AFF80CB6EFF56F98CFEF8DE9D.taxon	description	Redescription Size average to small for the genus, shape slender (Fig 1), variable in coloration (see below), but dorsum generally lighter than rest of body, dark brown. Fastigium (rostrum) rounded dorsally and apically, giving a more globular aspect to head than in other congeners (Fig. 2 A). Vertex rounded, with three wide, well-marked longitudinal black bands. FWs dull brown in both sexes (Fig. 1). Hind legs elongated, FIII with a straight apical part before knee. Coloration variable, encompassing most color patterns documented in congeners, some specimens being light cream, some dark brown, almost black, with or without orange band on hind knee characteristic of E. guyanensis. Male. Stridulatory file with 51 to 59 simple teeth (mean 55, n = 5; Table 2). Harp veins straight, parallel on their whole length (Fig. 11 A). Male genitalia. (Fig. 3 A – E) Pseudepiphallic sclerite triangular. Lophi as long as rest of pseudepiphallic sclerite, but shorter and less sclerotised than in E. surinamensis, their membranous part visible both ventrally and dorsally. Pseudepiphallic sclerite setose dorsally. Distal lobe of pseudepiphallic parameres short and rounded; median lobe oriented innerly; basal lobe membranous. Ectophallic fold short, almost triangular. Female. FW (Figs 1 B, 2) with black triangular area of lateral field made of cells slightly wider than long (about 10 cells in the widest part), their delimiting veins underlined with yellow (Fig. 2 A). Ovipositor shorter than FIII. Female genitalia. (Fig. 3 F) Copulatory papilla well sclerotised, shorter than in E. surinamensis and diamond-shaped; its distal part enlarged, bifid and membranous. Calling song. (Figs 4 A, 5, Table 1) The call has first been described by Zefa et al. (2022) who studied specimens from Brazil. We describe here the call of a specimen from Menegua, Pto Lopez, Colombia (type locality of E. gracilis), which shows similar parameters as reported by Zefa et al. (2022). The calling song is a continuous trill without amplitude modulation as in the other species of the genus. Syllable duration is 8.1 ± 0.9 ms, for a period of 24.7 ± 1.4 ms, which involves a syllable duty cycle of 33.3 %. The dominant frequency is 3.58 ± 0.04 kHz and corresponds to the fundamental peak of the spectrum; the calling song of E. caliginosa does not have any particularity in terms of frequency spectrum, except that the harmonics are powerful, as in other non-Lebinthini eneopterines (Fig. 5), but they never co-dominate the spectrum as observed in the “ low frequency ” part of the calling song of E. guyanensis (Robillard et al., 2015). Sound-production mechanism. (Fig. 11 B, Table 2) Males of Eneoptera caliginosa possess ca. 64 teeth, but only 26 are functional teeth arranged along the straight part of the stridulatory file, as typically observed in crickets. The mean inter-tooth distance of the functional part is 35.66 μm (tooth density = 35.4 ± 1.4 teeth / mm). The global speed of stridulation derived from the syllable duration and file length is ca. 109 mm / s, which matches the tooth strike rate that generates the fundamental peak of the spectrum.	en	Robillard, Tony, Benavides-Lopez, Jose Luis, Tan, Ming Kai, Sperber, Carlos Frankl (2026): Integrative taxonomic revision and review of the bioacoustics of the cricket genus Eneoptera (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Eneopterinae). Zootaxa 5763 (3): 301-327, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5763.3.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5763.3.1
03E5464AFF80CB6EFF56F98CFEF8DE9D.taxon	biology_ecology	Natural history. (Fig. 6) E. caliginosa lives on low plants, from where the males sing during day time, both in secondary forested areas and in open areas, sometimes with just a few trees. It occurs near forest edges, in crops, in city parks and even in small patches of trees within urban areas. Based on the observed material and citizen science observation pictures, E. caliginosa is cryptic with E. surinamensis on a large part of the wide distribution range of the latter, but the key provided here allows to differentiate the two species with little ambiguity, even on photographs (see Fig. 2).	en	Robillard, Tony, Benavides-Lopez, Jose Luis, Tan, Ming Kai, Sperber, Carlos Frankl (2026): Integrative taxonomic revision and review of the bioacoustics of the cricket genus Eneoptera (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Eneopterinae). Zootaxa 5763 (3): 301-327, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5763.3.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5763.3.1
03E5464AFF80CB65FF56FCC0FD0DD8CC.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. — Gryllus surinamensis De Geer, 1773.	en	Robillard, Tony, Benavides-Lopez, Jose Luis, Tan, Ming Kai, Sperber, Carlos Frankl (2026): Integrative taxonomic revision and review of the bioacoustics of the cricket genus Eneoptera (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Eneopterinae). Zootaxa 5763 (3): 301-327, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5763.3.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5763.3.1
03E5464AFF80CB65FF56FCC0FD0DD8CC.taxon	distribution	Distribution. — Tropical South and Central America.	en	Robillard, Tony, Benavides-Lopez, Jose Luis, Tan, Ming Kai, Sperber, Carlos Frankl (2026): Integrative taxonomic revision and review of the bioacoustics of the cricket genus Eneoptera (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Eneopterinae). Zootaxa 5763 (3): 301-327, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5763.3.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5763.3.1
03E5464AFF80CB65FF56FCC0FD0DD8CC.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis and revision. — See Robillard & Desutter-Grandcolas (2005: 412). The genus Eneoptera is well characterized by its medium to large size, head morphology with wide carinated fastigium, long hind wings and FWs in both sexes, male and female FW venation and genitalia, metanotal glands in males, and apex of female ovipositor.	en	Robillard, Tony, Benavides-Lopez, Jose Luis, Tan, Ming Kai, Sperber, Carlos Frankl (2026): Integrative taxonomic revision and review of the bioacoustics of the cricket genus Eneoptera (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Eneopterinae). Zootaxa 5763 (3): 301-327, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5763.3.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5763.3.1
03E5464AFF8BCB6FFF56FBB1FE52DC15.taxon	description	Fig. 7	en	Robillard, Tony, Benavides-Lopez, Jose Luis, Tan, Ming Kai, Sperber, Carlos Frankl (2026): Integrative taxonomic revision and review of the bioacoustics of the cricket genus Eneoptera (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Eneopterinae). Zootaxa 5763 (3): 301-327, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5763.3.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5763.3.1
03E5464AFF8BCB6FFF56FBB1FE52DC15.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype (Fig. 7): PERU • ♀; San Martín: Napo or Marañon river; det. Aphonomorphus fasciatus (Scudd.); Type 15195; ANSP [examined].	en	Robillard, Tony, Benavides-Lopez, Jose Luis, Tan, Ming Kai, Sperber, Carlos Frankl (2026): Integrative taxonomic revision and review of the bioacoustics of the cricket genus Eneoptera (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Eneopterinae). Zootaxa 5763 (3): 301-327, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5763.3.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5763.3.1
03E5464AFF8BCB6FFF56FBB1FE52DC15.taxon	discussion	Taxonomic discussion. The species was not treated by Robillard & Desutter-Grandcolas in their 2005 revision and remained until now considered as a valid species (Cigliano et al. 2025). Observation of the female holotype however immediately reveals that it does not belong to Eneoptera, but to the subfamily Podoscirtinae, as also suggested by Cadena-Castañeda (2021). We transfer the species outside Eneopterinae to the genus Aphonomorphus Rehn, 1903 as suggested by the identification label of the holotype (tentative identification, female specimen examined on photo only).	en	Robillard, Tony, Benavides-Lopez, Jose Luis, Tan, Ming Kai, Sperber, Carlos Frankl (2026): Integrative taxonomic revision and review of the bioacoustics of the cricket genus Eneoptera (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Eneopterinae). Zootaxa 5763 (3): 301-327, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5763.3.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5763.3.1
03E5464AFF8ACB6FFF56FE2AFD71DFA3.taxon	description	Fig. 3 D – E	en	Robillard, Tony, Benavides-Lopez, Jose Luis, Tan, Ming Kai, Sperber, Carlos Frankl (2026): Integrative taxonomic revision and review of the bioacoustics of the cricket genus Eneoptera (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Eneopterinae). Zootaxa 5763 (3): 301-327, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5763.3.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5763.3.1
03E5464AFF8ACB6FFF56FE2AFD71DFA3.taxon	discussion	Taxonomic discussion: see the taxonomic discussion of E. caliginosa for detailed explanation about the synonymy of E. gracilis under E. caliginosa (syn. nov.).	en	Robillard, Tony, Benavides-Lopez, Jose Luis, Tan, Ming Kai, Sperber, Carlos Frankl (2026): Integrative taxonomic revision and review of the bioacoustics of the cricket genus Eneoptera (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Eneopterinae). Zootaxa 5763 (3): 301-327, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5763.3.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5763.3.1
03E5464AFF8ACB6FFF56FC9BFCA2DA84.taxon	description	Figs 4 C, 8 A – D, 9 C, 11 C	en	Robillard, Tony, Benavides-Lopez, Jose Luis, Tan, Ming Kai, Sperber, Carlos Frankl (2026): Integrative taxonomic revision and review of the bioacoustics of the cricket genus Eneoptera (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Eneopterinae). Zootaxa 5763 (3): 301-327, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5763.3.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5763.3.1
03E5464AFF8ACB6FFF56FC9BFCA2DA84.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype (Fig. 8 A – D): FRENCH GUIANA • ♂; St. Laurent du Maroni, ex-coll. Le Moult; MNHN-ENSIF 164 [examined]. Allotype: FRENCH GUIANA • ♀; same information as holotype; St. Laurent du Maroni, ex-coll. Le Moult; MNHN-ENSIF 165 [examined].	en	Robillard, Tony, Benavides-Lopez, Jose Luis, Tan, Ming Kai, Sperber, Carlos Frankl (2026): Integrative taxonomic revision and review of the bioacoustics of the cricket genus Eneoptera (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Eneopterinae). Zootaxa 5763 (3): 301-327, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5763.3.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5763.3.1
03E5464AFF8ACB6FFF56FC9BFCA2DA84.taxon	distribution	Distribution. French Guyana and Northern Brazil.	en	Robillard, Tony, Benavides-Lopez, Jose Luis, Tan, Ming Kai, Sperber, Carlos Frankl (2026): Integrative taxonomic revision and review of the bioacoustics of the cricket genus Eneoptera (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Eneopterinae). Zootaxa 5763 (3): 301-327, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5763.3.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5763.3.1
03E5464AFF8ACB6FFF56FC9BFCA2DA84.taxon	diagnosis	Differential diagnosis. Eneoptera guyanensis is close to E. nigripedis; both species share a similar morphology and general coloration, dark brown to nearly black, with little contrast between the dark brown dorsum and the rest of body, black, while there is a clear contrast in E. surinamensis and E. caliginosa. Both species also resemble each other for the presence of double teeth in male stridulatory file (Robillard et al., 2015). They also share the same shiny dark FWs in both sexes, while FWs are dull brown in E. surinamensis and E. caliginosa. E. guyanensis differs from E. nigripedis by possessing (in most of the cases, but some exceptions exist), a characteristic wide orange band on the dorsal part of FIII. E. guyanensis and E. nigripedis (Figs 8, 9 C – D) can mostly be distinguished by their male (shape of pseudepiphallus and endophallus) and female genitalia.	en	Robillard, Tony, Benavides-Lopez, Jose Luis, Tan, Ming Kai, Sperber, Carlos Frankl (2026): Integrative taxonomic revision and review of the bioacoustics of the cricket genus Eneoptera (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Eneopterinae). Zootaxa 5763 (3): 301-327, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5763.3.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5763.3.1
03E5464AFF8ACB6FFF56FC9BFCA2DA84.taxon	description	Redescription. See Robillard & Desutter-Grandcolas, 2005. Calling song. (Fig. 4 C, Table 1) The call of E. guyanensis shows unique acoustic features: it consists of a complex continuous trill alternating sections of call made of two types of syllables having different spectral properties (only high frequency and broadband vs. narrow band syllable with two codominant frequency peaks at low and ultrasonic frequencies). The alternating sections are also coupled with a strong amplitude modulation generated by a modified stridulatory file and complex calling behavior (for details, see Robillard & Desutter-Grandcolas, 2011; Robillard et al., 2015). Sound-production mechanism. (Fig. 11 C, Table 2) See Robillard & Desutter-Grandcolas (2011) and Robillard et al. (2015).	en	Robillard, Tony, Benavides-Lopez, Jose Luis, Tan, Ming Kai, Sperber, Carlos Frankl (2026): Integrative taxonomic revision and review of the bioacoustics of the cricket genus Eneoptera (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Eneopterinae). Zootaxa 5763 (3): 301-327, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5763.3.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5763.3.1
03E5464AFF8ACB6FFF56FC9BFCA2DA84.taxon	biology_ecology	Natural history. E. guyanensis lives on low plants in forested areas (Fig. 9 C), from where the males sing during the day. The species is found mostly in forest openings, along trails and canopy gaps, and near forest edges, but it is not found in open areas as E. surinamensis and E. caliginosa.	en	Robillard, Tony, Benavides-Lopez, Jose Luis, Tan, Ming Kai, Sperber, Carlos Frankl (2026): Integrative taxonomic revision and review of the bioacoustics of the cricket genus Eneoptera (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Eneopterinae). Zootaxa 5763 (3): 301-327, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5763.3.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5763.3.1
03E5464AFF94CB74FF56F962FF3DDD89.taxon	description	Figs 4 B, 8 E – G, 9 D, 10, 11 D	en	Robillard, Tony, Benavides-Lopez, Jose Luis, Tan, Ming Kai, Sperber, Carlos Frankl (2026): Integrative taxonomic revision and review of the bioacoustics of the cricket genus Eneoptera (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Eneopterinae). Zootaxa 5763 (3): 301-327, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5763.3.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5763.3.1
03E5464AFF94CB74FF56F962FF3DDD89.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype (Fig. 8 E – G): PERU • ♂; Dept. Loreto, Estirón; 15. xii. 1983, forêt inondable, nuit [floodplain forest, night]; C. Amédégnato & S. Poulain leg.; MNHN-EO-ENSIF 238 [examined]. Paratypes: PERU • ♀ allotype; same information as holotype; MNHN-EO-ENSIF 239 • 3 ♂; same information as holotype; MNHN-EO-ENSIF 240, ENSIF 241, ENSIF 242. Additional material examined. BOLIVIA (new country record) • 2 ♂, 1 ♀; Beni, Valle-itenez, on Rio Itenez; 13 ° 25 ' S, 57 ° 55 ' W; 3. iii. 1976; R. A. Ronderos, RB., E. H., H. R. Roberts leg.; ANSP. BRAZIL (new country record) • 1 ♀; Brasília; – 15.719684, – 47.892434; xi. 2019; albatroz obs.; https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 35508334 • 1 ♂, Mato Grosso, Novo Mundo; – 9.597519, – 55.931011; xii. 2019; birdernaturalist obs.; https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 37140860 • 1 ♂; Mato Grosso, Alta Floresta; – 9.59590, – 55.93165; 9. iv. 2020; S. Dantas obs.; acoustic recording on iNaturalist (recording time 2: 40 PM; analysed in this study]; https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 41395114. PERU • 1 ♀; Manú Province; – 12.57034, – 70.09964; 14. vii. 2021; shabrobtilus obs.; https: // www. inaturalist. org / observations / 91264476.	en	Robillard, Tony, Benavides-Lopez, Jose Luis, Tan, Ming Kai, Sperber, Carlos Frankl (2026): Integrative taxonomic revision and review of the bioacoustics of the cricket genus Eneoptera (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Eneopterinae). Zootaxa 5763 (3): 301-327, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5763.3.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5763.3.1
03E5464AFF94CB74FF56F962FF3DDD89.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Peru, Brazil (South-west) (new record).	en	Robillard, Tony, Benavides-Lopez, Jose Luis, Tan, Ming Kai, Sperber, Carlos Frankl (2026): Integrative taxonomic revision and review of the bioacoustics of the cricket genus Eneoptera (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Eneopterinae). Zootaxa 5763 (3): 301-327, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5763.3.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5763.3.1
03E5464AFF94CB74FF56F962FF3DDD89.taxon	diagnosis	Differential diagnosis. E. nigripedis is very similar to E. guyanensis in shape and coloration, including the presence of double teeth in male stridulatory file. The two species can be distinguished by the more uniform dark brown coloration of E. nigripedis, including dorsal part of FIII (absence of a dorsal orange band), and by male and female genitalia.	en	Robillard, Tony, Benavides-Lopez, Jose Luis, Tan, Ming Kai, Sperber, Carlos Frankl (2026): Integrative taxonomic revision and review of the bioacoustics of the cricket genus Eneoptera (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Eneopterinae). Zootaxa 5763 (3): 301-327, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5763.3.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5763.3.1
03E5464AFF94CB74FF56F962FF3DDD89.taxon	description	Description. see Robillard & Desutter-Grandcolas (2005). Calling song. (Figs 4. 10, Table 1) Only one recording is available on iNaturalist that could be accounted to this species. Based on the morphology of the stridulatory file showing a double teeth section, the species’ call likely shares most of the particularities of the call of E. guyanensis: it consists of a continuous trill including sections made of two types of syllables alternating regularly. The syllables in these sections have different spectral properties, durations and amplitude. The alternating sections are also coupled with a strong amplitude modulation, likely generated by a complex calling behavior as in E. guyanensis (Robillard & Desutter-Grandcolas, 2011; Robillard et al., 2015). The comparison of the call of the two species (Table 1) reveals that the song of E. nigripedis has a slower pace of alternating sections: the group of low frequency (LF) and high frequency (HF) sections is almost twice longer than in E. guyanensis. This difference in duration is mainly due to a longer LF section (2973 ms vs. 588 ms in E. guyanensis). The LF section is likely produced by the simple stridulatory teeth; it includes a larger number of syllables in E. nigripedis (81 syllables vs. 39 in E. guyanensis), which are also slightly longer in duration as the syllables in E. surinamensis (4.8 vs. 3.6 ms), with similar low dominant frequencies (3.6 vs 3.3 kHz). However, the sampling rate of the E. nigripedis recording is insufficient to determine whether its low-frequency (LF) syllables also exhibit a dominant high-frequency peak, as observed in E. guyanensis. The HF section of the call of E. nigripedis is slightly longer than in E. guyanensis (c. 248 vs. 200 ms), and involves more syllables (29 vs 20 syllables in E. guyanensis) with longer durations (4.9 vs. 2.7 ms). Contrary to E. guyanensis, the frequency spectrum of the HF syllable of E. nigripedis is not characterized by a broadband frequency, but by two, almost codominant frequency peaks, at c. 3 kHz. It may correspond to the fundamental frequency of the HF syllables, similar to that of the LF syllables. The second frequency peak, slightly dominating the spectrum, is at 17.5 kHz, but given the low sampling rate of the recording, this peak is likely under-sampled and may correspond to a more clearly dominant frequency; it may correspond to a high fundamental frequency generated by the crests of the double teeth, as in E. guyanensis, or to an upper harmonic of the 3 - kHz peak. Note that, contrary to E. guyanensis, the LF sections of the call show less amplitude than the HF sections, which is also likely an artifact of the low sampling rate. Sound-production mechanism. (Fig. 11 D, Table 2) The stridulatory file of E. nigripedis is divided into two well differentiated sections, as in E. guyanensis. The anal section includes double-crest teeth, each crest likely behaving as a separate tooth during stridulation. The basal file section includes 40 simple teeth. The anal section shows 54 double-crests teeth, each tooth of the anal section being subdivided by a longitudinal furrow over its whole length, which separates one tooth into two parallel crests. The consequence is that the anal region consists of a set of equidistant crests likely acting as secondary teeth, which doubles the number of stridulatory crests implied during the stridulation process. We measured and plotted teeth / crests numbers and distances (Fig. 11 D). The mean inter-tooth distance for simple teeth is 21.07 ± 3.5 μm; the mean inter-crest distance for the double teeth is 8.30 ± 1.4 μm. The functional parts for each region of the file are estimated as follows: the basal part with normal teeth is 0.42 μm long, while the anal part with double teeth is 0.6405 μm long. The global speed of stridulation derived from the syllable duration and file length is c. 87.7 mm / s for the simple teeth section, which matches the tooth strike rate that generates the fundamental peak of the spectrum of the LF syllables. For the double tooth section, the estimated global speed is 130.7 mm / s. It matches the instantaneous speed considering the HF peak as the fundamental frequency of the HF section of the call. It suggests that the low frequency observed in the HF section would correspond to a ghost frequency or to a subproduct of the tooth impact, while the dominant peak would result from the crest impact.	en	Robillard, Tony, Benavides-Lopez, Jose Luis, Tan, Ming Kai, Sperber, Carlos Frankl (2026): Integrative taxonomic revision and review of the bioacoustics of the cricket genus Eneoptera (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Eneopterinae). Zootaxa 5763 (3): 301-327, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5763.3.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5763.3.1
03E5464AFF94CB74FF56F962FF3DDD89.taxon	biology_ecology	Natural history. (Fig. 9 D) Based on specimen label data and iNaturalist observations, E. nigripedis appears to have an ecology similar to that of E. guyanensis, being a diurnal species inhabiting bushes in open or forest-edge areas.	en	Robillard, Tony, Benavides-Lopez, Jose Luis, Tan, Ming Kai, Sperber, Carlos Frankl (2026): Integrative taxonomic revision and review of the bioacoustics of the cricket genus Eneoptera (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Eneopterinae). Zootaxa 5763 (3): 301-327, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5763.3.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5763.3.1
03E5464AFF91CB76FF56F8C9FC60DE9D.taxon	description	Fig. 2 B, 4 D, 6 A, 9 B, 11 A	en	Robillard, Tony, Benavides-Lopez, Jose Luis, Tan, Ming Kai, Sperber, Carlos Frankl (2026): Integrative taxonomic revision and review of the bioacoustics of the cricket genus Eneoptera (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Eneopterinae). Zootaxa 5763 (3): 301-327, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5763.3.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5763.3.1
03E5464AFF91CB76FF56F8C9FC60DE9D.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype (see Robillard et al. 2013, Fig. 1): SURINAME • ♂; 24. vi; identified Gr. [Gryllus] surinamensis by De Geer; NHRS-GULI- 00000346 [examined on photo].	en	Robillard, Tony, Benavides-Lopez, Jose Luis, Tan, Ming Kai, Sperber, Carlos Frankl (2026): Integrative taxonomic revision and review of the bioacoustics of the cricket genus Eneoptera (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Eneopterinae). Zootaxa 5763 (3): 301-327, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5763.3.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5763.3.1
03E5464AFF91CB76FF56F8C9FC60DE9D.taxon	discussion	Remark. See Robillard & Desutter-Grandcolas (2005, 2013) for detailed list of names, references, material examined and photo of type specimen (Robillard & Desutter-Grandcolas, 2013: figure 1).	en	Robillard, Tony, Benavides-Lopez, Jose Luis, Tan, Ming Kai, Sperber, Carlos Frankl (2026): Integrative taxonomic revision and review of the bioacoustics of the cricket genus Eneoptera (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Eneopterinae). Zootaxa 5763 (3): 301-327, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5763.3.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5763.3.1
03E5464AFF91CB76FF56F8C9FC60DE9D.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Tropical South America, including records from Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, and Venezuela; and southern part of Central America, including records in Costa Rica, Panama and Nicaragua (see Robillard & Desutter-Grandcolas, 2005).	en	Robillard, Tony, Benavides-Lopez, Jose Luis, Tan, Ming Kai, Sperber, Carlos Frankl (2026): Integrative taxonomic revision and review of the bioacoustics of the cricket genus Eneoptera (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Eneopterinae). Zootaxa 5763 (3): 301-327, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5763.3.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5763.3.1
03E5464AFF91CB76FF56F8C9FC60DE9D.taxon	diagnosis	Differential diagnosis. Species of average to large size. Despite its important variation in terms of coloration across its wide geographic range, it is characterized by the contrast of coloration between the dorsum, that can vary from pale brown, cream or orange brown, and the rest of the body, dark brown. E. surinamensis can be distinguished from E. caliginosa by its larger size and more stocky shape, and by head shape less globular, due to flatter fastigium dorsally and apically. Females E. surinamensis also clearly differ from E. caliginosa by the absence of yellow veins crossing the black lateral triangle on the FW fold (Fig. 2). The species shows distinctive male genitalia with very long, sclerotized lophi with characteristic hook-like pseudepiphallic parameres oriented posterad. Female copulatory papilla also has a specific shape, cylindrical and slightly bifid at apex.	en	Robillard, Tony, Benavides-Lopez, Jose Luis, Tan, Ming Kai, Sperber, Carlos Frankl (2026): Integrative taxonomic revision and review of the bioacoustics of the cricket genus Eneoptera (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Eneopterinae). Zootaxa 5763 (3): 301-327, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5763.3.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5763.3.1
03E5464AFF91CB76FF56F8C9FC60DE9D.taxon	description	Redescription. See Robillard & Desutter-Grandcolas (2005). Calling song. (Fig. 4 D, Table 1) Male E. surinamensis call during day time, perched on low vegetation. When several males call together in their natural habitat, and even in laboratory conditions, they usually synchronize amplitude modulations to form a chorus. As previously described by Robillard & Desutter-Grandcolas (2005, 2011) and Miyoshi et al. (2007), the calling song of E. surinamensis consists of a continuous trill emitted in long bouts that can last a few hours when a male is not disturbed. The call shows a clear amplitude modulation, which generates a regular temporal pattern within the continuous trill, including two distinct sections with different syllables. For the low amplitude sections (ca. 67 syllables), syllables have a duration of 5.4 ± 1.2 ms, and a period of 20.7 ± 4.9 ms. Meanwhile, for the high amplitude sections (ca. 45 syllables), we found that syllable duration is 4.9 ± 1.4 ms, with a shorter period of 17.4 ± 3.1 ms. Thus, the main difference between the low and high amplitude sections is the longer syllable duration and period in the low amplitude sections, while syllables are shorter and closer together in the high amplitude sections. The syllable duty cycles are not clearly different between the two sections (26 % for the low amplitude sections, and 28 % for high amplitude sections). In terms of frequency, the call shows a low dominant frequency corresponding to the fundamental peak of the spectrum (f 1 = 2.95 ± 0.10 kHz). Surprisingly, the spectrum does not show any significant high-frequency component contrary to the prediction of Robillard et al. (2015), who hypothesized that it might include high-frequencies, as the authors observed in E. guyanensis in the supposedly “ low-frequency ” section of this species which is emitted by the simple teeth of the stridulatory file. Nevertheless, in E. caliginosa and other non-Lebinthini eneopterines, the call possesses relatively powerful harmonic peaks. Sound-production mechanism. (Fig 11 A, Table 2) Males Eneoptera surinamensis possess c. 71 simple teeth arranged along the stridulatory file, as typically observed in crickets. The mean inter-tooth distance, measured for two males, is 35.7 μm in the functional part of the file, with a tooth density of c. 38 teeth / mm. The global speed of stridulation derived from the syllable duration and file length is c. 121 mm / s, which matches the tooth strike rate that generates the fundamental peak of the spectrum.	en	Robillard, Tony, Benavides-Lopez, Jose Luis, Tan, Ming Kai, Sperber, Carlos Frankl (2026): Integrative taxonomic revision and review of the bioacoustics of the cricket genus Eneoptera (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Eneopterinae). Zootaxa 5763 (3): 301-327, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5763.3.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5763.3.1
03E5464AFF91CB76FF56F8C9FC60DE9D.taxon	biology_ecology	Behavioral observations. One male collected near Leticia (Colombia) was video recorded producing a vibratory signal in response to high-frequency sound stimuli generated using a commercial dog chaser. This acoustic startle reflex corresponds to a behavior commonly observed in gryllines exposed to predator signals (e. g. bats or small rodents) while sitting on a substrate (e. g., ter Hofstede et al. 2015).	en	Robillard, Tony, Benavides-Lopez, Jose Luis, Tan, Ming Kai, Sperber, Carlos Frankl (2026): Integrative taxonomic revision and review of the bioacoustics of the cricket genus Eneoptera (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Eneopterinae). Zootaxa 5763 (3): 301-327, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5763.3.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5763.3.1
