identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03E787F4FF8E0E52FF1EFDF1FA5E94E5.text	03E787F4FF8E0E52FF1EFDF1FA5E94E5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Marattiaceae	<div><p>Key to  Marattiaceae on the Seychelles</p><p>1. False veins (venuloids) absent, pinnae mostly (sub-)opposite, sporangia completely fused into a two-lipped synangium ... ...........................................................................................................................................................  Ptisana laboudalloniana</p><p>-. False veins present between true veins, pinnae mostly alternate, sporangia not completely fused into a synangium, fused only at base ............................................................................................................................................................................ 2</p><p>2. Secondary rachises distinctly winged; terminal pinnules up to 25 cm, much longer than ultimate pairs of distal pinnules (6–10 cm); petioles with conspicuous wart-like bases of old scales ...........................................  Angiopteris chongsengiana</p><p>-. Secondary rachises not winged; terminal pinnules similar in size to other pinnules (ca 20 cm); petioles with wart-like bases of old scales, but these small and inconspicuous ....................................................................  Angiopteris madagascariensis</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E787F4FF8E0E52FF1EFDF1FA5E94E5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Senterre, Bruno;Rouhan, Germinal;Fabre, Isabelle;Morel, Charles;Christenhusz, Maarten J. M.	Senterre, Bruno, Rouhan, Germinal, Fabre, Isabelle, Morel, Charles, Christenhusz, Maarten J. M. (2014): Revision of the fern family Marattiaceae in the Seychelles with two new species and a discussion of the African Ptisana fraxinea complex. Phytotaxa 158 (1): 57-75, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.158.1.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.158.1.4
03E787F4FF8E0E50FF1EFC6CFBA593A2.text	03E787F4FF8E0E50FF1EFC6CFBA593A2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Angiopteris chongsengiana Senterre & I. Fabre 2014	<div><p>Angiopteris chongsengiana Senterre &amp; I.Fabre,  sp.nov. Fig. 2, Fig. 3</p><p>TYPE: —   SEYCHELLES. Mahé:  Mont Cotton, vallée à l'Est du Mont Cotton, au pied de Pérard, dans les hauts de la rivière Grand St. Louis, 700 m, 17 September 2011, B. Senterre &amp; I. Fabre 6151 (holotype P!, 2-sheets P-02432630, P-02432631 ,  isotype SEY!).</p><p>Diagnosis:— This species differs from other  Angiopteris with verrucose petioles by its lateral pinnae with elongate terminal pinnules and reduced distal pinnule pairs. Its venuloids are submarginal. Petioles show pinkish flesh when cut and secondary rachises are broadly winged distally.</p><p>Perennial ferns, 2–3 m tall. Rhizomes 30–65 cm tall, 30–45 cm in diameter, starchy, upright, globular to trunk-like, covered with remaining bases of old leaves, unbranched. Roots branched, stout, 7–8 mm in diameter (2 mm for secondary roots). Stipules 8–10 cm (5 cm when dry) × 7–9 cm (4 cm when dry), fleshy, apparently not proliferous, black, covered with brown scales, the scales smaller than those of the petioles, aerating areas 3–4 × 1 mm, mostly towards base of stipules, slightly immersed, elliptic, whitish, stipule margins irregularly laciniate, with narrow 1.0– 1.5 cm long lobes, radiate (not falcate), very thin, breaking off easily so that margin appears subentire. Fronds 350– 400 cm, spirally arranged, densely set, 15 cm apart, 8–12 functional fronds per plant, arching. Petioles 160–180 cm long, 5 cm in diameter, terete, rounded adaxially, with a basal pulvinus (ca. 10–15 cm long, 8 cm in diameter at base), not winged, green (when fresh), flesh pinkish inside, densely scaly especially towards base of young leaves, scales 6–9 × 0.5–0.8 mm, mixed with much smaller scales, golden brown, presence of conspicuous wart-like bases of old scales, aerating areas (15–)25–30 × 1 mm, abundant throughout up to rachis. Laminae 200–220 × 180 cm, bipinnate with undivided pinnules (basal pinnae never more than once pinnate), elliptic, longer than petiole, longer than broad. Rachises terete, rounded adaxially, not winged, green (when fresh) or yellow (when dried), sparsely pubescent or glabrescent. Pinnae petiolulate; petiolules 60 mm (up to 140 mm for basal pinnae, 10–35 mm in distal pinnae), inarticulate, rounded adaxially or with two small crests, pulvini up to 35 mm long (10–20 mm when dry), 15–18 mm in diameter at base (4–6 when dry). Pinnae alternate or rarely subopposite, 6–10 on each side of the frond, 16–24 cm apart (closer towards apex), not overlapping. Basal pinnae 85–100 × 30–38 cm, progressively and slightly reduced, perpendicular to rachis or ascendant towards apex (acrotropic), oblong or deltoid. Middle pinnae 90–94 × 35 cm, ascendant towards apex, oblong. Distal pinnae 50–54 × 24 cm, progressively and slightly reduced, ascendant towards apex, oblong or elliptic. Terminal pinnae absent, the rachis ending in a mucron. Secondary rachises terete, rounded adaxially, broadly winged distally, wings to 0.5–1.0 mm broad on either side, yellow (when dry), sparsely pubescent or glabrescent. Pinnules (observed on a middle pinna) sessile or shortly petiolulate. Secondary petiolule 0–1 mm, not articulate. Pinnules alternate to opposite, (15–)25–30 on either side, (1.6–)2.0– 2.5 cm apart, not overlapping. Basal pinnules (6–)13–18 × (1.6–) 2.2–2.5 cm, similar to other pinnules, perpendicular to rachis, elongate-lanceolate. Middle pinnules (10–)17–19 × (1.7–) 2.3–2.5 cm, perpendicular to rachis, lanceolate. Distal pinnules (6–)8–10 × 1.3–1.8 cm, typically progressively reduced, slightly ascendant towards apex (acrotropic), lanceolate. Terminal pinnules 14–25 × 2.5–3.5 cm, more developed than other pinnules, much longer and often much broader, lanceolate. Pinnule blades entire, bases slightly attenuate, symmetrical or slightly asymmetrical, margins slightly serrate with 8 teeth per cm, glabrous, slightly revolute, apices progressively acuminate (with teeth more distantly spaced, 2–3 per cm), acumen 2–3 cm long, dark green above and light green below (when fresh), membranaceous or somewhat coriaceous. Venation pinnate, midvein reaching the apex, glabrescent below, secondary veins distinct, undivided or furcate (more or less close to the midvein), 1.0– 1.5 mm apart, straight, oblique, terminating in teeth, venuloids 3–4 mm, intramarginal, ending after the line of sori, evanescent, nearly up to mid-way between the margin and the costa if observed in transparency, straight, occasionally fragmented. Sori widely set, 120–130 per pinnule, 1 row on each side of the midvein, intramarginal, 1.0– 1.5 mm from the margins, not immersed or weakly immersed, oblong, 0.6–1.2(–2.0) × 0.4 mm, not indusiate. Sporangia (8–)10–30(–40) per sorus, basally fused, mostly free above.</p><p>Representative specimens examined: —   SEYCHELLES. Mahé:  Congo Rouge, 540 m, 14 August 2011, B. Senterre &amp; I. Fabre 6172 (SEY) ;   Mare aux Cochons (Mare d'Antin), 615 m, 12 April 2012, B. Senterre &amp; N. Labiche-Barreau 6259 (SEY);   Mont Cotton, 580 m, 17 July 2011, B. Senterre &amp; I. Fabre 6152 (P-02432634, P-02432633, SEY) ;   Montagne Planneau (Mont Harrison), 641 m, 27 July 2011, B. Senterre &amp; I. Fabre 6158 (SEY) ,  624 m, 27 July 2011, 6160 (SEY),  628 m, 27 July 2011, 6162 (SEY);   Varigault, 585 m, 10 August 2011, B. Senterre &amp; I. Fabre 6171 (SEY)  .</p><p>Distribution: —Only known from the granitic Seychelles; possibly endemic on the island of Mahé, where it is found in the ravines between Morne Seychellois, Pérard, Congo Rouge and Mont Cotton in the North of the island, as well as in the massif of Montagne Planneau to Varigault in the center. It has been searched for on neighbouring Silhouette Island, but was not found there, although it could be expected.</p><p>Ecology: —  Angiopteris chongsengiana occurs typically in ravines of the lower montane evergreen rain forest belt, i.e. mostly at an elevation between 500 and 750–780 m above sea level. That belt, due to telescoping effect (Senterre et al. 2009), corresponds to ca. 1500–1800(–2000) m above sea level in continental areas or larger islands at similar latitudes and is characterized by the dominance of tropical montane forest species.</p><p>Conservation: —This species is rare as it is known from only a few small populations, isolated in ca. 12 ravines of two separate mountain massifs. We estimate the number of mature individuals per ravine to ca. 10–20. The total number of mature individuals is estimated to ca. 120–250. The area of occupancy (AOO) and extent of occupancy (EOO) are respectively ca. 0.1 km ² and 17 km ². Considering IUCN criterion D (very small population, IUCN 2011: 14, 58), this species can be classified as endangered (EN). Half of the population is in the Morne Seychellois National Park and the other half is in poorly accessible areas, recently proposed to be classified as a new National Park (Senterre et al. 2013). All populations seem healthy but with relatively limited regeneration. Invasive species are present but not abundant and we do not think that they are currently threatening these populations, although this should be assessed more carefully. If the reduced regeneration is confirmed and if it appears to be due to invasive species, then the IUCN threat category could be changed for critically endangered (CR).</p><p>Etymology: —The specific epithet honours Seychellois botanist Mr. Lindsay Chong-Seng who contributed significantly to the botany, natural history and nature conservation of the Seychelles. For visiting and local naturalists, Lindsay has since long been one of the main sources for knowledge on the Seychelles flora, practical information and guidance.</p><p>Vernacular name:— This species is relatively rare and difficult to find, and is also easily confused with the more common  Angiopteris madagascariensis . Because it has only recently been recognised, it has no Creole name yet. We name it ‘Baton monsenyer-d-gran bwa’ as this species is found in more pristine forests and at higher elevations in the mountains.</p><p>Morphological affinities: —This species is distinguished by its much longer terminal pinnules of lateral pinnae compared to the distal pinnules pair of the same pinna. This character is usually well-preserved in herbarium specimens, facilitating comparisons of material. The secondary rachises are distinctly winged, which makes it easily distinguishable from the more common  Angiopteris madagascariensis .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E787F4FF8E0E50FF1EFC6CFBA593A2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Senterre, Bruno;Rouhan, Germinal;Fabre, Isabelle;Morel, Charles;Christenhusz, Maarten J. M.	Senterre, Bruno, Rouhan, Germinal, Fabre, Isabelle, Morel, Charles, Christenhusz, Maarten J. M. (2014): Revision of the fern family Marattiaceae in the Seychelles with two new species and a discussion of the African Ptisana fraxinea complex. Phytotaxa 158 (1): 57-75, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.158.1.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.158.1.4
03E787F4FF8C0E5EFF1EFAA1FE739380.text	03E787F4FF8C0E5EFF1EFAA1FE739380.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Angiopteris madagascariensis de Vriese	<div><p>Angiopteris madagascariensis de Vriese in Vriese &amp; Harting (1853: 23). Fig. 3</p><p>Type: —  MADAGASCAR. Without locality, 1834, J. Goudot s.n. (holotype P!-00466551,  isotypes P!-00696299,  P!- 00696300).</p><p>Synonym:—  Angiopteris evecta auct. non (G.Forst.) Hoffm., e.g. sensu Baker (1877: 517).</p><p>Perennial ferns, 3–4 m high. Rhizomes 50–90 cm tall × 50 cm in diameter, upright, globular or trunk-like, covered with remaining bases of old leaves. Roots branched, stout, 6 mm in diameter. Stipules 5–7 × 5–9 cm, fleshy, often proliferous, black, covered with brown scales, the scales smaller than those on the petioles, aerating areas 3–4 × 1 mm, mostly towards base, slightly immersed, elliptic, whitish, stipule margins regularly laciniate or digitate, with falcate linear lobes. Fronds 400–500 cm, spirally arranged, densely set, 10–12 cm apart, 5–7 functional fronds per plant, arching. Petioles 120–170 cm long, 5 cm in diameter, terete, rounded adaxially, with a basal pulvinus (ca. 10 cm long, 6–8 cm in diameter at base), not winged, yellow (when dry) or green (when fresh), flesh whitish inside, densely scaly (especially towards base on young leaves), scales 8–10 × 0.1–0.2 mm, golden brown, inconspicuous wart-like bases of old scales present, small, aerating areas 2.0–2.5 × 1.0– 1.5 mm, abundant throughout up to rachises, only slightly discolorous. Laminae 280–330 × 200–220 cm, bipinnate, with undivided pinnules except for the 1–3 basal pinnae that are bipinnate towards base, elliptic, longer than the petioles. Rachises terete, rounded adaxially, not winged, yellow (when dry) or green (when fresh), sparsely pubescent. Pinnae petiolulate. Petiolules 30–50 mm (up to 200–350 mm for basal pinnae, 20 mm in distal pinnae), not articulate, rounded adaxially, pulvini 30 mm long, 20 mm in diameter at base (when fresh). Pinnae alternate, 10–12 on each side of frond, 23–26 cm apart (closer towards apex), not overlapping. Basal pinnae progressively and slightly reduced, perpendicular to rachises, oblong. Middle pinnae 100 × 35 cm, ascendant towards apices (acrotropic), oblong. Distal pinnae progressively reduced. Terminal pinna absent, the rachis terminated in a mucron. Secondary rachises terete, rounded adaxially, not winged, green (when fresh), sparsely pubescent. Pinnules (observed on a middle pinna) petiolulate. Secondary petiolules ca. 5 mm, not articulate, rounded adaxially. Pinnules alternate or subopposite or opposite, 34–36 on either side, 2.2–3.3 cm apart, not overlapping. Basal pinnules similar to other pinnules. Middle pinnules 20–22 × 2.5 cm, slightly ascendant towards apices (acrotropic), elliptic to nearly oblong. Distal and terminal pinnules similar to other pinnules. Pinnule blades entire, bases attenuate or obtuse, slightly asymmetrical, not decurrent on the petiolules, margins scarcely serrate, teeth 12–13 per cm, margins glabrous, slightly revolute, apices progressively acuminate, acumen 2–4(–5) cm, green or olive above, yellowish below, membranous, glabrous. Venation pinnate, midveins reaching the apex, secondary veins distinct, undivided or furcate (at bases and up to more than midway to the margins), 0.7–0.8 mm apart, straight, oblique, terminating in teeth apices, venuloids 2.0– 3.5 mm long, intramarginal, ending after the line of sori, evanescent, nearly up to mid-way between the margin and the costa if observed in transparency, straight. Sori more or less densely placed, 300–350 per pinnule, in one row on each side of the midvein, intramarginal and from the base nearly to the acumen, at 1–2 mm from the margin, shortly immersed, oblong or elliptic, not indusiate. Sporangia 6–12 per sorus, nearly free, basally fused.</p><p>Representative specimens examined: — SEYCHELLES. Mahé: L.H. Boivin s.n. (P-01646348, P-01646344, P-01646338, P-01646346), 400 m, 27 February 1882, Th. Delacour 36 (P-01332779, P-01646336), J. Stanley Gardiner s.n. (K), J. Horne 199 (K), L. Humblot s.n. (P-01332835, P-01332836), A. Pervillé 207 (P-01332837, P-01646350, P-01646349), H.J. Schlieben 11726 (K), s.c. s.n. (P-01646337), Mériau s.n. (P-01646342, P-01646341); Casse Dent, 400 m, 30 May 2008, B. Senterre 5353 (SEY), 550 m, 6 July 2011, B. Senterre &amp; N. Labiche-Barreau 6123 (P-02432632, SEY); Casse-Dent à Congo Rouge, 18 April 1972, H. Jacquemin 988 (P-01332834, P-01646339); Congo Rouge, 300-800 m, July 1970, J. Procter 4076 (K, P-01646332, SEY); La Réserve, 400 m, May 1987, F. Friedmann 5485 (P-01646333); Mare aux Cochons, near Mt. Jasmin, M.J. Whitehead 56 (K); Mission Viewing Lodge, D. Lorence 1810 (K); Morne Blanc, près du sommet, November 1982, F. Friedmann 4367 (P-01592104); Trois Frères, April 1981, F. Friedmann 3752 (P-01646334, P-01646335); Silhouette: 500 m, 14 September 1993, C.S. Awmack 407 (SEY); Sans Sentiment, J. Stanley Gardiner s.n. (K). Without locality: Barkly s.n. (BM), L.H. Boivin s.n. (P-01646345), A. Pervillé s.n. (P-01646343, P-01646340).</p><p>Distribution: —Endemic to islands in the Western Indian Ocean. It is known from Madagascar, Mayotte, La Réunion, Mauritius and the Seychelles, where it is widely distributed on the islands Mahé and Silhouette. It has been expected and searched for in the ravines of nearby Praslin, but was not found on that island.</p><p>Ecology: —Common in submontane and lower montane ravine evergreen rain forests between 300 and 750 m, progressively replaced by  Angiopteris chongsengiana and  Ptisana laboudalloniana at elevations above 750 m; penetrating the lowland belt in wet ravines down to ca. 150 m as isolated individuals.</p><p>Conservation: —This species is locally relatively common and also occurs on other Mascarene Islands and in Madagascar. We estimate its IUCN red list category to be LC (Least Concern), although a formal assessment is yet to be made.</p><p>Vernacular name:—‘Baton monsenyer’ (Creole), a name given in reference to the resemblance of the crosier, or developing leaves, with the cross of cardinals.</p><p>Morphological affinities: —Originally, specimens from the Seychelles were identified as  A. evecta . This was the first species of  Angiopteris to be described and because herbarium material is fragmentary and therefore not diagnostic, the majority of  Angiopteris were initially identified with that name before the genus became better known. As we understand now,  Angiopteris evecta is a species from Australasia and the Pacific (holotype from Tahiti) and has occasionally naturalised elsewhere in the  Tropics (see Christenhusz &amp; Toivonen 2008).  It is distinguished by the presence and length of its false veins, i.e. almost to the costa vs. intramarginal for  A. madagascariensis .  The Seychelles specimens are very much like those from Madagascar, although we have not found any Madagascan specimens with the basal 1–2 pinnae having pinnate basal pinnules (observed only in fully developed individuals). Nevertheless, this is a common feature in other  Angiopteris species and may be environmentally induced.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E787F4FF8C0E5EFF1EFAA1FE739380	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Senterre, Bruno;Rouhan, Germinal;Fabre, Isabelle;Morel, Charles;Christenhusz, Maarten J. M.	Senterre, Bruno, Rouhan, Germinal, Fabre, Isabelle, Morel, Charles, Christenhusz, Maarten J. M. (2014): Revision of the fern family Marattiaceae in the Seychelles with two new species and a discussion of the African Ptisana fraxinea complex. Phytotaxa 158 (1): 57-75, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.158.1.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.158.1.4
03E787F4FF820E5CFF1EFA8AFADC9130.text	03E787F4FF820E5CFF1EFA8AFADC9130.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ptisana laboudalloniana Senterre & I. Fabre 2014	<div><p>Ptisana laboudalloniana Senterre &amp; I.Fabre,  sp.nov. Fig. 4</p><p>TYPE:—   SEYCHELLES. Mahé:  Montagne Planneau (= Mont Harrison), crête au Sud du sommet, 628 m, 27 July 2011, B. Senterre &amp; I. Fabre 6161 (holotype P!, 2 sheets P-02432635, P-02432636 ,  isotype SEY!, 2 sheets).</p><p>Diagnosis:—This species is characterized by its secondary rachises widely winged along most of their length, few pinnae, 2–4 pairs, petioles 1.0– 1.6 m long, erect, verrucose, brownish to purplish on fresh, laminae shorter than the petioles and shorter than broad, pinnules not thick, not fleshy, (sub)sessile, with an apex progressively narrowed, and intramarginal synangia.</p><p>Perennial ferns, 1.6–2.4 m. Rhizomes 18–20 × 15–20 cm in diameter, upright, globular, covered with remaining bases of old leaves. Roots branched, stout, 7 mm in diameter. Stipules 7.0 × 5.5 cm (when fresh), fleshy, rarely proliferous (observed once), glabrescent, with or without visible aerating areas, surface irregular, stipule margins entire, irregularly cracked. Fronds 190–260 cm, spirally arranged, densely set, 10 cm apart, ca. 4 functional fronds per plant, strongly ascending. Petioles 100–160 cm long, 3–4 cm in diameter, terete, rounded adaxially, with a basal pulvinus (ca. 5–7 cm long, 5 cm in diameter at base), not winged, yellow (when dry), purple or brown to black (when fresh), flesh pinkish inside, densely scaly (on young leaves), scales 6–7 × 1.5–2.0 mm, mixed with caducous narrower scales (1–3 cells wide), golden brown, with strong wart-like bases of old scales (almost prickly on old leaves), aerating areas abundant throughout up to rachises, 20–40 × 1–2 mm. Laminae 90–100 × 125–130 cm, bipinnate with undivided pinnules, rhomboidal, shorter than the petiole, shorter than broad. Rachises terete, rounded adaxially, not winged, yellow (when dry), green (when fresh), glabrous. Pinnae petiolulate. Petiolules (40–) 50–70 mm (up to 100 mm in basal pinnae, 30 mm in distal pinnae), inarticulate, rounded adaxially or with two small crests, pulvini (1.5–)2.5–3.0 mm long, 3–5 mm in diameter at base (when dry, up to 12 mm when fresh). Pinnae opposite (rarely subopposite or alternate in a few leaves), 2–4(–5) on each side of the frond, 18–20 cm apart (closer towards apex), not overlapping. Basal pinnae similar to other pinnae, often curved backwards (basitropic) or perpendicular to the rachis. Middle pinnae 70 × 30 cm, oblong. Distal pinnae 52 × 25 cm, progressively reduced, ascendant towards apices (acrotropic), oblong. Terminal pinna absent (paripinnate) or similar to lateral pinnae (rarely). Secondary rachises terete, rounded adaxially, almost entirely winged, wings 1.0– 1.5 mm broad (on each side), plane, green, glabrous. Pinnules (of middle pinnae) shortly petiolulate or sessile. Secondary petiolules (0–) 2– 3 mm, articulate, rounded adaxially. Pinnules alternate, subopposite or opposite, (9–)14–16 on either side, 2.0– 3.5 cm apart, not overlapping. Basal pinnules similar to other pinnules or progressively and slightly reduced, curved backwards (basitropic), perpendicular to rachis or rarely ascendant towards apex (acrotropic), oblong, 8–11(–14) × 1.8–2.5 cm. Middle pinnules slightly ascendant towards apices (acrotropic), oblong, (11–)15–22 × 2.1–2.9 cm. Distal pinnules similar to other pinnules, ascendant towards apices (acrotropic), oblong. Terminal pinnule absent (paripinnate), similar to other pinnules or more developed than other pinnules (and often irregularly pinnate distally). Pinnule blades entire, bases obtuse, rounded or subtruncate, slightly asymmetrical (more acute on the distal side), shortly decurrent on the petiolules, margins serrate, glabrous, plane or slightly revolute, teeth 6 per cm, more developed towards the acumen, apex progressively acuminate, acumen 1.7–3.0 cm, somewhat to strongly discolorous, dark green or olive above, light green or glaucous below, sometimes reddish on developing leaves, coriaceous, glabrous. Venation pinnate, midveins reaching the apex, secondary veins distinct, undivided or furcate (at base or before midway to the margin), 2.2–2.5 mm apart, straight, slightly oblique, terminating in teeth apices, venuloids absent. Sori (1.0–)1.4–2.2 × 1.0 mm, widely set, 40–130 per pinnule, intramarginal and basal (often restricted to the basal half of the pinnule), at 1–2 mm from the leaf margin, not immersed or slightly immersed, oblong, more rarely elliptic, not indusiate. Sporangia 12–16 per sorus, fully fused into a synangium.</p><p>Representative specimens examined: —  SEYCHELLES. Mahé: J. Stanley Gardiner s.n. (K);   Congo Rouge, 730 m, 30 May 2008, B. Senterre 5348 (SEY) ;   Congo Rouge Est, 820 m, 6 July 2011, B. Senterre &amp; N. Labiche-Barreau 6126 (SEY) ;   Mont Cotton, 560 m, 17 July 2011, B. Senterre &amp; I. Fabre 6141 (SEY) ;   Montagne Planneau (= Mont Harrison), 628 m, 18 August 2013, B. Senterre 6593, 6594 (SEY) ;   Varigault, 576 m, 10 August 2011, B. Senterre &amp; I. Fabre 6168 (SEY)  .</p><p>Distribution: —This species appears to be endemic to the island of Mahé in the granitic Seychelles, on the highest summits of the Morne Seychellois National Park and in the massif of Montagne Planneau. It has been searched for on Silhouette Island (close to Mont Dauban), but was not found there.</p><p>Ecology: —Usually as understory plant of the “tree fern lower montane forest belt” (Elzein 2011, Senterre 2011), of evergreen rain forests, mostly above 750 m elevation. Due to telescoping effect this elevational belt would correspond to 1800–2500 m above sea level in continental areas or larger islands at similar latitudes. This elevational belt is characterized by the dominance of tropical montane forest species and tree ferns ( Cyatheaceae).  Ptisana laboudalloniana is occasionally found at lower elevations (&gt; 500 m), but these are isolated individuals in wet ravines.</p><p>Conservation: —The geographical distribution pattern and population size of  Ptisana laboudalloniana are very similar to those of  Angiopteris chongsengiana, the two species being often found in association.  Ptisana laboudalloniana is slightly more common (found in ca. 15 ravines, especially on the summits of Congo Rouge and Pérard) and each ravine contains slightly more mature individuals (ca. 20-30). Therefore, considering IUCN criterion D (very small population, IUCN 2011: 14, 58), this species can be classified as vulnerable (VU), i.e. less than 1000 mature individuals and area of occupancy less than 20 km ². The total number of mature individuals is estimated to ca. 300–500. The area of occupancy (AOO) and extent of occupancy (EOO) are respectively ca. 0.1– 0.2 km ² and 17 km ². All populations seemed very healthy, with abundant regeneration and little impact from the small populations of invasive species.</p><p>Etymology: —The specific epithet honours Seychellois botanist Mr. Victorin Laboudallon who contributed significantly to the botany, natural history and conservation of the Seychelles. Victorin Laboudallon is currently the chairman of a local NGO.</p><p>Vernacular name:—This species is rare in the Seychelles and has not been observed for a long time. If found, it was confused by local people with  Angiopteris madagascariensis, which is superficially similar. Therefore it lacks a Creole vernacular name as yet. Due to its smaller size compared to the two other species of  Marattiaceae in the Seychelles, we propose to name it ‘Pti baton monsenyer’.</p><p>Morphological affinities: —This species was first recorded on the Seychelles by Christensen (1912) as  Marattia fraxinea, a species described from Mauritius and currently called  Ptisana fraxinea var. fraxinea . Nevertheless, the Seychelles plants differ from typical  P. fraxinea in being an exclusively montane species and having strongly winged secondary rachises. Another taxon with winged secondary rachises has been described from South Africa and is known as  Ptisana fraxinea var. salicifolia . The latter taxon is larger than the Seychelles  Ptisana (with leaves up to 3 m long), with laminae longer than the petioles and has at least 6 pairs of pinnae. Our molecular results show that  Ptisana laboudalloniana is related to the rare species  Ptisana purpurascens, endemic to Ascension Island, and that the South African  Ptisana fraxinea var. salicifolia forms a distinct clade (Fig. 1).  Ptisana purpurascens has slightly winged secondary rachises and leaves with few pairs of pinnae, but it differs from  P. laboudalloniana especially in having thicker, fleshier and much shorter (4–10 cm) pinnule blades. In mainland Africa, we recognize another four species that all differ from the Seychelles species in having pinnules with abruptly caudate-acuminate apices combined with the secondary rachises not being winged:  Ptisana odontosora (endemic to Guinea),  P. robusta (endemic to São Tomé) and two undescribed species (one being commonly found from Cameroon to Gabon and the second found from Guinea to tropical East Africa).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E787F4FF820E5CFF1EFA8AFADC9130	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Senterre, Bruno;Rouhan, Germinal;Fabre, Isabelle;Morel, Charles;Christenhusz, Maarten J. M.	Senterre, Bruno, Rouhan, Germinal, Fabre, Isabelle, Morel, Charles, Christenhusz, Maarten J. M. (2014): Revision of the fern family Marattiaceae in the Seychelles with two new species and a discussion of the African Ptisana fraxinea complex. Phytotaxa 158 (1): 57-75, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.158.1.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.158.1.4
03E787F4FF870E5BFF1EFCBDFA5E91B2.text	03E787F4FF870E5BFF1EFCBDFA5E91B2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ptisana Murdock 2008	<div><p>Key to the species of  Ptisana in Africa and surrounding islands</p><p>1. Pinnule veins curved. Synangia perfectly marginal, almost in the teeth of the margin. (swamps in Guinea)......................... ..................................................................................................................................................................  Ptisana odontosora</p><p>-. Pinnule veins straight. Synangia more than 1 mm from the margin ...................................................................................... 2</p><p>2. Very large plants (leaves&gt; 3 m, petiole&gt; 1.5 m on mature individuals), with trunk-like rhizomes (&gt; 30 cm high), laminae with at least 6 pairs of pinnae ................................................................................................................................................ 3</p><p>-. Medium sized to relatively small plants (leaves &lt;3 m long, petiole &lt;1.5 m on fully mature individuals), with hemispherical rhizomes (&lt;30 cm high), laminae with less than 5 pairs of pinnae (rarely more and then just on a few leaves, see  P. fraxinea) ................................................................................................................................................................................ 4</p><p>3. Broadly winged pinna rachises between the terminal pinnules and the last 5–8 juga. Distal pairs of pinnules mostly gradually and evidently smaller than the others. Terminal pinnules longer and often pinnatifid or pinnatipartite at the base. (South Africa, Zimbabwe, Malawi and Mozambique) ................................................................................  Ptisana salicifolia</p><p>-. Pinna rachises not winged or at most with narrow wings distally up to the 1–2 distal pairs of pinnules. Distal pairs of the same size as the others. Terminal pinnules similar to the lateral ones. (Guinea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Democratic Republic of Congo) ................................................................................................................................................................  Ptisana sp. A</p><p>4. Synangia median, situated at midway between the margin and the costa. Pinnule apices rounded or progressively narrowed, not acuminate. (Madagascar incl. Île de Sainte-Marie) .......................................................................  Ptisana boivinii</p><p>-. Synangia marginal, situated at 1–2 mm from the margin. Pinnule apices acuminate............................................................ 5</p><p>5. Pinna rachises prickly (São Tomé).................................................................................................................  Ptisana robusta</p><p>-. Pinna rachises not prickly ...................................................................................................................................................... 6</p><p>6. Pinnule blades thick, fleshy, leathery. Pinna rachises thick, robust. (Ascension Island) ......................  Ptisana purpurascens</p><p>-. Pinnule blades more or less thick but never fleshy. Pinna rachises not robust ..................................................................... 7</p><p>7. Relatively small plants, petioles up to 60 cm. Pinnules at most 3 times longer than wide, with the apex abruptly caudateacuminate. (Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon) ...........................................................................................  Ptisana sp. B</p><p>-. Medium sized plants, petioles generally more than 1 m. Pinnules more than 3 times longer than wide, with the apex progressively acuminate ............................................................................................................................................................. 8</p><p>8. Plants with a broad elevational range, from sea level upward. Secondary rachises at most slightly winged distally (except occasionally in juvenile plants). Terminal pinnules always similar to the other ones. (Madagascar, Mascarenes)................. ........................................................................................................................................................................  Ptisana fraxinea</p><p>-. Plant exclusively in montane forests. Secondary rachises strongly winged on most of their length. Terminal pinnules often irregularly pinnate distally. (Seychelles) ...........................................................................................  Ptisana laboudalloniana</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E787F4FF870E5BFF1EFCBDFA5E91B2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Senterre, Bruno;Rouhan, Germinal;Fabre, Isabelle;Morel, Charles;Christenhusz, Maarten J. M.	Senterre, Bruno, Rouhan, Germinal, Fabre, Isabelle, Morel, Charles, Christenhusz, Maarten J. M. (2014): Revision of the fern family Marattiaceae in the Seychelles with two new species and a discussion of the African Ptisana fraxinea complex. Phytotaxa 158 (1): 57-75, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.158.1.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.158.1.4
03E787F4FF870E5AFF1EF8DAFCA19620.text	03E787F4FF870E5AFF1EF8DAFCA19620.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ptisana boivinii (Mett. ex Ettingshausen 1864) Senterre & Rouhan 2014	<div><p>Ptisana boivinii (Mett. ex Kuhn) Senterre &amp; Rouhan,  comb. nov.</p><p>Marattia boivinii Mett. ex Ettingshausen (1864: 246), as ‘ Boivini’.</p><p>Type:— MADAGASCAR. Without locality, without date, Boivin s.n. (possible holotype L,  isotype P-00466552!).</p><p>This species is poorly known but very characteristic. It is a relatively small plant, ca. 1 m high or less, with a petiole ca. 30–50 cm and few pairs of pinnae (1–4), the lamina is shorter or slightly longer than the petiole. It is easily recognized by the synangia placed nearly mid-way between the margin and the midvein. The pinnules are narrowly elliptic, not acuminate at apex and clearly petiolulate. We do not know other  Ptisana species that are morphologically similar.</p><p>Distribution: —  Ptisana boivinii is known from a few specimens collected in southern Madagascar at Sainte Marie (Boivin 1605, P-01592077!, P-01592078!, P-01592079!).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E787F4FF870E5AFF1EF8DAFCA19620	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Senterre, Bruno;Rouhan, Germinal;Fabre, Isabelle;Morel, Charles;Christenhusz, Maarten J. M.	Senterre, Bruno, Rouhan, Germinal, Fabre, Isabelle, Morel, Charles, Christenhusz, Maarten J. M. (2014): Revision of the fern family Marattiaceae in the Seychelles with two new species and a discussion of the African Ptisana fraxinea complex. Phytotaxa 158 (1): 57-75, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.158.1.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.158.1.4
03E787F4FF860E5AFF1EFE09FCE19086.text	03E787F4FF860E5AFF1EFE09FCE19086.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ptisana fraxinea (Sm.) Murdock 2008	<div><p>Ptisana fraxinea (Sm.) Murdock (2008b: 746) .</p><p>Maratttia fraxinea Smith (1790: t. 48).</p><p>Type:—  MAURITIUS. Without locality, without date, Thouin 91 (holotype LINN!,  possible isotype G).</p><p>Myriotheca fraxinifolia Bory (1804: 266) . Type:— LA RÉUNION.  Quartier de Ste. Rose, without date, J.B.G.M. Bory de St Vincent s.n. (holotype P-00466550!, isotype FI, possible isotype K!).</p><p>Myriotheca sorbifolia Bory (1804: 267) . Type:— LA RÉUNION. Habitation Fabien sur les hauteurs de  St. Denis, without date, J.B.G.M. Bory de St Vincent s.n. (holotype: P-00466549!, isotypes B, FI).</p><p>Marattia macrophylla de Vriese in Vriese &amp; Harting (1853: 3). Lectotype (designated by Pichi Sermolli 1969):— MAURITIUS.  Without locality, without date, Bojer s.n. (K!).</p><p>Marattia cuneiformis de Vriese in Vriese &amp; Harting (1853: 7). Type:— LA RÉUNION. Without locality, without date, s.c. no. 21 (possible type K!, 2 sheets).</p><p>Marattia microcarpa Mett. ex Ettingshausen (1864: 246) . Lectotype (designated by Pichi Sermolli 1969):— MADAGASCAR. Nosy-Be [Nossibe], 1846–1848,  Boivin s.n. (W, fragment and photo BM!)</p><p>Marattia salicifolia auct. non Schrader (1818: 920), sensu Tardieu-Blot (1951), see H. Humbert 3211 (P-01647489!).</p><p>After reviewing specimens and literature, we conclude that  Ptisana fraxinea does not reach mainland Africa but is restricted to the islands of the  Western Indian Ocean. The presence of  Ptisana fraxinea (as defined here) in Sri Lanka (as  Marattia calliodous de Vriese in Vriese &amp; Harting (1853: 6), Gardner s.n., holotype: K!) is possible but unlikely and should be confirmed on the basis of field work. Since most descriptions available for  P. fraxinea are doubtful or fragmentary, we considered specimens from Madagascar, Mauritius, La Réunion and Mayotte, which were accompanied with good descriptions of key characters (see mostly specimens T. Cadet 3598, F. Badré 879, K.U. Kramer 9277, H. Tuyguy 1082, J.-N. Labat 2749, G. Rouhan 338, 1206). These plants have pinnae similar to those of  P. fraxinea, as circumscribed above, and are characterized by leaves of up to 2.2(–3.0) m long, with petioles 0.8–1.8 m long (most often longer than the lamina to occasionally slightly shorter), and 2–4 pairs of pinnae, up to 6(–7) pairs for some of the largest leaves only.  These characters indicate the morphological affinity with  P. laboudalloniana and  P. purpurascens, which is also confirmed by our molecular data.  On the contrary, the plants from Ethiopia called  M. fraxinea by  Pichi-Sermolli (1969) are described as being always larger plants, with the petioles typically shorter than the laminae and with a more massive rhizome, so that “this fern resembles  Angiopteris sp. ” (see  Pichi-Sermolli 1969: 348).  Although the pinnae are very similar, their shape and apices of pinnules are slightly different.  Therefore, we think that  Pichi-Sermolli (1969), in his otherwise excellent revision, misapplied the name  Marattia fraxinea in Ethiopia, because he focused on characters of pinnae and probably because he had not been able to observe living specimens from the Mascarenes. This idea is supported by the fact that  Pichi-Sermolli (1969), who extensively studied specimens from Ethiopia to South Africa, considered his  M. fraxinea as being a very close but distinct species to the  South African plants, i.e.  Marattia salicifolia, which indeed have the same leaf characteristics, but are not closely related to true  Ptisana fraxinea, based on our molecular phylogenetic results.  Therefore, we conclude that  M. salicifolia is an independent species and that the  Ethiopian plant cannot be associated with the name  Ptisana fraxinea . The East African  Ptisana is very similar to some specimens from Guinea, which we discuss below (see  Ptisana sp. A).</p><p>Selected specimens examined:— LA RÉUNION (F. Badré 879, P-01592037; T. Cadet 3598, P-01592042; 4526, P-01592038; K.U. Kramer 9277, P-01592049), MADAGASCAR (T. Janssen et al. 2529, P-00590721; Ms. Marie 55 ex Herb. Paris, K!; Razafitsalama 1151, P!; F. Rakotondrainibe 1281, P-00064683; 4823, P-00134961; Rouhan et al. 338, P-00749288; 1206, P-02432738; s. coll. s.n., labeled “ oppositifolia ”, MO-1854058), MAYOTTE (as  M. microcarpa: Pichi Sermolli 1969; J.-N. Labat 2749, P-00052881; H. Tuiguy 1082, P-00144987, P-00144988, P-00144989).</p><p>Distribution: — Mauritius, La Réunion, Madagascar, Mayotte (as  Marattia microcarpa: Pichi Sermolli 1969) and the Comoros (as  M. microcarpa: Pichi Sermolli 1969)</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E787F4FF860E5AFF1EFE09FCE19086	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Senterre, Bruno;Rouhan, Germinal;Fabre, Isabelle;Morel, Charles;Christenhusz, Maarten J. M.	Senterre, Bruno, Rouhan, Germinal, Fabre, Isabelle, Morel, Charles, Christenhusz, Maarten J. M. (2014): Revision of the fern family Marattiaceae in the Seychelles with two new species and a discussion of the African Ptisana fraxinea complex. Phytotaxa 158 (1): 57-75, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.158.1.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.158.1.4
03E787F4FF850E59FF1EFF0AFE9C9512.text	03E787F4FF850E59FF1EFF0AFE9C9512.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ptisana odontosora (Senterre & Rouhan 2014) Senterre & Rouhan 2014	<div><p>Ptisana odontosora (Christ) Senterre &amp; Rouhan,  comb.nov.</p><p>Marattia odontosora Christ (1909: 19) .  Lectotype (designated by Pichi Sermolli 1969: 343):— GUINEA. Tolo, 23 December 1905, O. Caille 15629 (P-00507743!,  isolectotypes P-00507741!,  P-00507742!)</p><p>This species is clearly morphologically distinct as demonstrated by Pichi Sermolli (1969), but the name has been mostly misapplied, due to the inclusion of two species in the cited material of the original description.  Ptisana odontosora is characterized by ascending, curved veins (not oblique and straight as in most  Ptisana species), distal pinnules with their base strongly decurrent on the secondary rachises, and synangia very close to the margin, almost within the teeth. Its ecology is also unusual, found in marshes outside the Guineo-Congolian region where  Ptisana sp. A occurs and with which this species has often been confused. The apex of the pinnules is variable but sometimes abruptly caudate acuminate, which suggest a possible affinity with other taxa from mainland Africa.</p><p>Distribution: —This species is known only from the type locality in Fouta Djallon, a highland region in the centre of Guinea.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E787F4FF850E59FF1EFF0AFE9C9512	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Senterre, Bruno;Rouhan, Germinal;Fabre, Isabelle;Morel, Charles;Christenhusz, Maarten J. M.	Senterre, Bruno, Rouhan, Germinal, Fabre, Isabelle, Morel, Charles, Christenhusz, Maarten J. M. (2014): Revision of the fern family Marattiaceae in the Seychelles with two new species and a discussion of the African Ptisana fraxinea complex. Phytotaxa 158 (1): 57-75, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.158.1.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.158.1.4
03E787F4FF850E59FF1EFD37FDB894BB.text	03E787F4FF850E59FF1EFD37FDB894BB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ptisana robusta (Senterre & Rouhan 2014) Senterre & Rouhan 2014	<div><p>Ptisana robusta (Alston) Senterre &amp; Rouhan,  comb. nov.</p><p>Marattia robusta Alston in Exell (1956: 8).  Ptisana fraxinea var. robusta (Alston) Murdock (2008b: 746) .</p><p>Type:—  SÃO TOMÉ. Monte Café, 1200 m, 17 January1949, J.V.G. Espírito Santo 191 (holotype BM!,  isotypes COI,  LIS-C000002!).</p><p>Ptisana robusta is a large plant (about same size as Seychelles plants, i.e.  P. laboudalloniana), with sessile, symmetrical pinnules and a remarkably prickly pinna rachis. The conclusions made by Pichi Sermolli (1969) regarding the affinities between  Marattia robusta and  M. fraxinea (as  M. macrophylla), as well as confusions between  M. fraxinea and  M. salicifolia, can be explained by the importance given to pinnules width, which we think should only be considered as a secondary character.</p><p>Distribution: —Endemic to São Tomé.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E787F4FF850E59FF1EFD37FDB894BB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Senterre, Bruno;Rouhan, Germinal;Fabre, Isabelle;Morel, Charles;Christenhusz, Maarten J. M.	Senterre, Bruno, Rouhan, Germinal, Fabre, Isabelle, Morel, Charles, Christenhusz, Maarten J. M. (2014): Revision of the fern family Marattiaceae in the Seychelles with two new species and a discussion of the African Ptisana fraxinea complex. Phytotaxa 158 (1): 57-75, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.158.1.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.158.1.4
03E787F4FF850E59FF1EFBCCFAF59170.text	03E787F4FF850E59FF1EFBCCFAF59170.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ptisana salicifolia (Senterre & Rouhan 1818) Senterre & Rouhan 2014	<div><p>Ptisana salicifolia (Schrad.) Senterre &amp; Rouhan,  comb. nov.</p><p>Marattia salicifolia 
Schrader (1818: 920) .  Ptisana fraxinea var. salicifolia (Schrad.) Murdock (2008b: 746) .</p><p>Type:—  SOUTH AFRICA. Cape of Good Hope, Hesse s.n. (holotype LE) .</p><p>This species has a relatively wide distribution and it forms a complex not with  Ptisana fraxinea but with an undescribed species (here treated as  Ptisana sp. A) found further north into tropical East Africa and westwards to Guinea. Diagnostic characters of  Ptisana salicifolia are detailed by Pichi-Sermolli (1969: 336). It differs from most species by its large leaves that can grow to 3 m long, arching (not upright), with the laminae longer than the petioles, with at least 6 pairs of pinnae, and it has very stout rhizomes, more than 30 cm tall. It differs from  Ptisana sp. A by its pinnae rachises that are manifestly winged between the terminal pinnule and the last 5–8 pairs, and the last upper lateral pinnules mostly gradually and evidently smaller than the others, except for the terminal pinnules which are longer and often pinnatifid or pinnatipartite at the base.</p><p>Distribution: —Typical  Ptisana salicifolia occurs in South Africa (e.g. A. Rehmann 384, P01647484!), Zimbabwe, Malawi and Mozambique (see online flora of Zimbabwe: http://plants.jstor.org/flora/fz7513).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E787F4FF850E59FF1EFBCCFAF59170	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Senterre, Bruno;Rouhan, Germinal;Fabre, Isabelle;Morel, Charles;Christenhusz, Maarten J. M.	Senterre, Bruno, Rouhan, Germinal, Fabre, Isabelle, Morel, Charles, Christenhusz, Maarten J. M. (2014): Revision of the fern family Marattiaceae in the Seychelles with two new species and a discussion of the African Ptisana fraxinea complex. Phytotaxa 158 (1): 57-75, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.158.1.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.158.1.4
03E787F4FF850E58FF1EF91AFD979418.text	03E787F4FF850E58FF1EF91AFD979418.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ptisana undefined-a	<div><p>Ptisana sp. A</p><p>Synonyms:—  Marattia chevalieri Christ, nom. ined. (A. Chevalier 13445, P-00507739).  Marattia fraxinea auct. non Sm., sensu Pichi-Sermolli (1969).</p><p>This species is typically found in Kenya and Ethiopia and it most likely extends into Rwanda, Burundi, Tanzania, Malawi, Mozambique and the Democratic Republic of Congo. After reviewing specimens from Guinea, Côte d’Ivoire and Sierra Leone, we have concluded that these specimens belong to the same species as  P. fraxinea of Pichi-Sermolli (1969) from Ethiopia. Pichi-Sermolli also confirmed this by placing a determinavit ‘  Marattia fraxinea ’ on the specimen A. Chevalier 13445 (P).  Ptisana sp. A has also been confused with  P. odontosora by Chevalier, before the description of the latter, and consequently Christ included the material misidentified by Chevalier as syntypes for  M. odontosora (see detailed explanation in Pichi-Sermolli 1969: 341–343), which explains why the name  M. odontosora has been commonly used for specimens from tropical  East Africa. Nevertheless,  P. odontosora is a totally different species from marshes in the Fouta Djalon (Guinea). Considering that Pichi-Sermolli (1969) carefully studied  Ptisana sp. A and identified its closest relative as  P. salicifolia, and that he recognized it as distinct at species level, we suspect we are dealing with an undescribed species rather than as a subspecies of  P. salicifolia . It differs from  P. salicifolia by the “pinnae with rachis not winged or with a very narrow and straight wing between the terminal pinnule and the last two or three juga”, and by the “terminal pinnules similar to the lateral ones” (Pichi-Sermolli 1969: 336). As for other taxa in the Guinean region, the apices of pinnules are “gradually tapering and usually abruptly terminated by a long caudate point or sometimes ending with an acuminate tip” (Pichi-Sermolli 1969: 336, 349).</p><p>If only characters of pinnae are available, it is difficult to distinguish  Ptisana sp. A from  P. fraxinea, which explains why it has traditionally been confused with that species.  Ptisana sp. A differs from  P. fraxinea by its distal pairs of pinnules being similar in size and shape to the other ones (progressively larger distally for  P. fraxinea), the pinnules with a more or less abruptly caudate acuminate apex (progressively narrowed or acuminate for  P. fraxinea), a larger rhizome, up to 40 cm tall (up to 20 cm, hemispherical, for  P. fraxinea), leaves of 2.5–3.0 m long, up to 4 m (Verdcourt 1999), petioles 0.9–1.2(–1.5) m (thus shorter than the lamina), with 6–9 pairs of pinnae.</p><p>Representative specimens examined:— GUINEA. Chevalier 12329 (P-01647448!), 17052 (P-01647426!). IVORY COAST. Chevalier 19685 (P-01647424!). SIERRA LEONE. Jaeger 6873 (P-01647431!). ETHIOPIA. Mooney 8809 (K). KENYA. P. Kamau &amp; M.J.M. Christenhusz 638 (EA, K). DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO. de Nere 2184 (P-01647389!).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E787F4FF850E58FF1EF91AFD979418	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Senterre, Bruno;Rouhan, Germinal;Fabre, Isabelle;Morel, Charles;Christenhusz, Maarten J. M.	Senterre, Bruno, Rouhan, Germinal, Fabre, Isabelle, Morel, Charles, Christenhusz, Maarten J. M. (2014): Revision of the fern family Marattiaceae in the Seychelles with two new species and a discussion of the African Ptisana fraxinea complex. Phytotaxa 158 (1): 57-75, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.158.1.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.158.1.4
03E787F4FF840E58FF1EFC32FDB79236.text	03E787F4FF840E58FF1EFC32FDB79236.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ptisana undefined-b	<div><p>Ptisana sp. B</p><p>Synonym:—  Marattia fraxinea auct. non Sm., sensu Tardieu-Blot (1964).</p><p>This undescribed species is widespread in submontane evergreen rain forests of Atlantic Central Africa, but is unlikely to reach West Africa (e.g. Liberia and or Côte d’Ivoire as stated by Tardieu-Blot 1964), where we think that it has been confused with  Ptisana sp. A .</p><p>Ptisana sp. B is one of the smallest  Ptisana of the region, with petioles up to 60 cm, and sessile pinnules with the apices abruptly caudate to acuminate. It differs from  Ptisana robusta and  Ptisana sp. A by its smaller habit and by its shortly oblong pinnules (less than three times longer than wide).</p><p>Representative specimens examined: — EQUATORIAL GUINEA. R. Pérez Viso 2665 (MA-748717!). CAMEROON. F. Breteler 2500 (P-01365197!). GABON. E. Bidault 572 (MO!).</p><p>Distribution: — This species is found in Equatorial Guinea (Velayos et al. 2008: 313), Gabon and Cameroon (Tardieu-Blot 1964, as  Marattia fraxinea).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E787F4FF840E58FF1EFC32FDB79236	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Senterre, Bruno;Rouhan, Germinal;Fabre, Isabelle;Morel, Charles;Christenhusz, Maarten J. M.	Senterre, Bruno, Rouhan, Germinal, Fabre, Isabelle, Morel, Charles, Christenhusz, Maarten J. M. (2014): Revision of the fern family Marattiaceae in the Seychelles with two new species and a discussion of the African Ptisana fraxinea complex. Phytotaxa 158 (1): 57-75, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.158.1.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.158.1.4
