taxonID	type	description	language	source
03E787B2241DFF9B8AE1CFC91D3413CE.taxon	description	urn: lsid: ipni. org: names: 77382787 - 1 Figs 1 – 3	en	do Carmo, João A. M., Salas, Roberto M., Cabral, Elsa L., Cabaña Fader, Andrea A. (2026): Two new species of Hexasepalum (Rubiaceae: Spermacoceae) from the ʻcampo rupestreʼ of Brazil. European Journal of Taxonomy 1075: 1-22, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1075.3302, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3302/14539
03E787B2241DFF9B8AE1CFC91D3413CE.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Hexasepalum bacigalupoae sp. nov. is similar to H. apiculatum (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) Delprete & J. H. Kirkbr. but differs by the leaf blade margins without an epidermal thickening (vs leaf blade margins with a white epidermal thickening in H. apiculatum), conspicuous secondary veins on the abaxial side (vs inconspicuous), and mericarps with flat ventral faces (vs mericarps with two depressions on ventral faces, one on each side of the midline). Hexasepalum bacigalupoae is also similar to H. radulum (Willd.) Delprete & J. H. Kirkbr. but differs by the 3 – 5 - fimbriate stipular sheath (vs 6 – 12 - fimbriate), glabrous fimbriae (vs pilose fimbriae), dorsal face of the mericarps with 3 – 4 soft ribs (vs dorsal face of the mericarps smooth), and exine of pollen grains covered by spines and small granules (vs only microspines).	en	do Carmo, João A. M., Salas, Roberto M., Cabral, Elsa L., Cabaña Fader, Andrea A. (2026): Two new species of Hexasepalum (Rubiaceae: Spermacoceae) from the ʻcampo rupestreʼ of Brazil. European Journal of Taxonomy 1075: 1-22, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1075.3302, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3302/14539
03E787B2241DFF9B8AE1CFC91D3413CE.taxon	etymology	Etymology The specific epithet honours the renowned Rubiaceae specialist Professor Nélida Bacigalupo, researcher at the Darwinion Institute in Buenos Aires, Argentina, who pioneered the study of the Spermacoceae tribe in South America.	en	do Carmo, João A. M., Salas, Roberto M., Cabral, Elsa L., Cabaña Fader, Andrea A. (2026): Two new species of Hexasepalum (Rubiaceae: Spermacoceae) from the ʻcampo rupestreʼ of Brazil. European Journal of Taxonomy 1075: 1-22, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1075.3302, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3302/14539
03E787B2241DFF9B8AE1CFC91D3413CE.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Type BRAZIL – Bahia • Palmeiras, Volta da Serra na estrada de Palmeiras para a Guiné; 12 ° 38 ′ 22 ″ S, 41 ° 33 ′ 43 ″ W; 1135 m a. s. l.; 4 May 2009; Queiroz et al. 14587; holotype: HUEFS [HUEFS 156605]; isotypes: CTES, SI. Paratypes BRAZIL – Bahia • Capão da Volta, estrada para Jussiape; 13 ° 26 ′ 39.5 ″ S, 41 ° 24 ′ 23.1 ″ W; 1030 m a. s. l.; 18 May 1999; Souza et al. 22723; CTES, ESA [ESA 061228] • Mucugê, estrada para Barra da Estiva ao sul de Mucugê; 13 ° 01 ′ 28 ″ S, 41 ° 26 ′ 18 ″ W; 1030 m a. s. l.; 17 Aug. 2008; Queiroz et al. 13709; CTES, HUEFS [HUEFS 141925] • same data as for preceding; Queiroz et al. 13711; CTES, HUEFS [HUEFS 141927].	en	do Carmo, João A. M., Salas, Roberto M., Cabral, Elsa L., Cabaña Fader, Andrea A. (2026): Two new species of Hexasepalum (Rubiaceae: Spermacoceae) from the ʻcampo rupestreʼ of Brazil. European Journal of Taxonomy 1075: 1-22, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1075.3302, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3302/14539
03E787B2241DFF9B8AE1CFC91D3413CE.taxon	description	Description Subshrubs, up to 50 cm tall. Stems decumbent, internodes 1.5 – 2.5 cm long, tetragonal to cylindrical, glabrous or with few isolated hairs, basally decorticate. Stipular sheath glabrous, 3 – 5 - fimbriate, fimbriae 1 – 2.5 mm long, succulent, glabrous. Leaves opposite, sessile; blade 15 – 30 × 3 – 5 mm, elliptic to lanceolate, apex acute to mucronate, base attenuate, margins slightly revolute, succulent, coriaceous when dry, glabrous, 3 – 4 secondary veins on each side of the midrib, conspicuous on the abaxial side. Inflorescences axillary, 5 – 12 glomeruli per flowering branch, glomerules 1 – 15 - flowered, foliaceous bracts, succulent. Flowers sessile; hypanthium obovate, glabrous; calyx 4 - lobed, tube absent, lobes 0.8 – 1.5 mm long, glabrous, sometimes trichomes at the margin; corolla 4.8 – 5 mm long, 4 - lobed, infundibuliform, lilac with pink lobes, externally glabrous, internally with a ring of moniliform trichomes near the base of the tube; stamens exserted, slightly shorter than the corolla lobes; pollen grains 19 – 20 - zonocolporate, suboblate to oblate-spheroidal, endoaperture forming an endocingulum, spines and small granules irregularly distributed over the grain; style 5.5 mm long, glabrous, stigma bilobate, each lobe globose; nectariferous disk entire. Schizocarps 3.5 – 4 mm long, globose, glabrous, mericarps with dorsal face convex, with 3 – 4 soft longitudinal ribs, ventral face flat, without depressions. Seeds 1.9 – 2.1 mm long, subtriangular in outline, brownish – black, dorsal face convex, with longitudinal grooves, ventral face flat, Y-shaped, partially covered by the strophiole, with numerous raphides; testa reticulate-areolate or pitted, elongated or isodiametric cells.	en	do Carmo, João A. M., Salas, Roberto M., Cabral, Elsa L., Cabaña Fader, Andrea A. (2026): Two new species of Hexasepalum (Rubiaceae: Spermacoceae) from the ʻcampo rupestreʼ of Brazil. European Journal of Taxonomy 1075: 1-22, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1075.3302, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3302/14539
03E787B2241DFF9B8AE1CFC91D3413CE.taxon	distribution	Distribution, habitat, and phenology Hexasepalum bacigalupoae sp. nov. is endemic to Bahia and grows on white sand and rocky soils in the ʻcampo rupestreʼ vegetation of the ʻChapada Diamantinaʼ (Fig. 3 A). It is known from the municipalities of Capão da Volta, Mucugê, and Palmeiras (Fig. 4). Specimens with flowers and fruits were collected in May and August.	en	do Carmo, João A. M., Salas, Roberto M., Cabral, Elsa L., Cabaña Fader, Andrea A. (2026): Two new species of Hexasepalum (Rubiaceae: Spermacoceae) from the ʻcampo rupestreʼ of Brazil. European Journal of Taxonomy 1075: 1-22, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1075.3302, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3302/14539
03E787B2241DFF9B8AE1CFC91D3413CE.taxon	conservation	Preliminary conservation status Hexasepalum bacigalupoae sp. nov. is a rare species, known only from four herbarium specimens representing three locations (Fig. 4). Furthermore, to our knowledge, H. bacigalupoae does not occur within the limits of the ʻParque Nacional da Chapada Diamantinaʼ, a conservation unit of integral protection located in the region. The impacts on the ʻcampo rupestreʼ, the vegetation where H. bacigalupoae sp. nov. occurs, are usually associated with opencast mining, annual anthropogenic burnings to support the cattle industry, wood extraction, invasive species, harvesting ornamental plants (orchids, bromeliads, everlastings), road construction, and uncontrolled urbanization, especially linked to tourism expansion, and eucalyptus plantations (Silveira et al. 2016). Specifically in the context of the ʻChapada Diamantinaʼ, severe impacts are caused by the ever-expanding, irrigated, heavily mechanised, and agrochemical-based cropland system developments in the region (Funch et al. 2009). Also, road construction and urban expansion in the valleys are quite noticeable in the analysis of satellite images on Google Earth. Hexasepalum bacigalupoae sp. nov. has EOO and AOO equal to 240.640 km 2 and 12 km 2, respectively (kml file available in Supp. file 1). Therefore, the three occurrences represent three locations, and the species is preliminary assessed as Endangered EN B 1 ab (iii) + B 2 ab (iii), based on the EOO (less than 5000 km 2) and AOO (less than 500 km 2), number of locations (less than five), and an inferred continuing decline of the quality of the habitat.	en	do Carmo, João A. M., Salas, Roberto M., Cabral, Elsa L., Cabaña Fader, Andrea A. (2026): Two new species of Hexasepalum (Rubiaceae: Spermacoceae) from the ʻcampo rupestreʼ of Brazil. European Journal of Taxonomy 1075: 1-22, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1075.3302, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3302/14539
03E787B22417FF918A40CB3B1D8F1047.taxon	description	urn: lsid: ipni. org: names: 77382789 - 1 Figs 5 – 7	en	do Carmo, João A. M., Salas, Roberto M., Cabral, Elsa L., Cabaña Fader, Andrea A. (2026): Two new species of Hexasepalum (Rubiaceae: Spermacoceae) from the ʻcampo rupestreʼ of Brazil. European Journal of Taxonomy 1075: 1-22, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1075.3302, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3302/14539
03E787B22417FF918A40CB3B1D8F1047.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Hexasepalum motaviananum sp. nov. is similar to H. zappiae E. L. Cabral & Cabaña Fader, but differs by the ovate leaves (vs linear in H. zappiae), glabrous fimbriae (vs scabrid margins), 6 – 7 (8) - lobed calyx (vs 4 – 5 - lobed), calyx lobes equal in size (vs 2 major and 2 – 3 minor), corolla 3.5 – 4 mm long, white to lilac with pink lobes (vs 7 – 9 mm long, white), stigma with lamellate lobes (vs with globose lobes), ventral surface of the seed with a Y-shaped groove, delimited by an apical fold, without apical grooves (vs without a Y-shaped groove nor apical fold, with 3 – 5 apical grooves).	en	do Carmo, João A. M., Salas, Roberto M., Cabral, Elsa L., Cabaña Fader, Andrea A. (2026): Two new species of Hexasepalum (Rubiaceae: Spermacoceae) from the ʻcampo rupestreʼ of Brazil. European Journal of Taxonomy 1075: 1-22, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1075.3302, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3302/14539
03E787B22417FF918A40CB3B1D8F1047.taxon	etymology	Etymology The specific epithet refers to two esteemed botanists from Minas Gerais. The initial segment, ʻmotaʼ, refers to Nara Mota, a Xyridaceae specialist, while the latter part, ʻviananumʼ, is in recognition of Pedro Lage Viana, Bambusoideae (Poaceae) specialist. With a dedication spanning over a decade, their exploration of the ʻParque Estadual do Rio Pretoʼ culminated in an estimated assemblage of more than 1600 species thriving within this conservation bastion, underscoring its pivotal significance for conservation efforts. Furthermore, they collected the type specimen of the new species described here.	en	do Carmo, João A. M., Salas, Roberto M., Cabral, Elsa L., Cabaña Fader, Andrea A. (2026): Two new species of Hexasepalum (Rubiaceae: Spermacoceae) from the ʻcampo rupestreʼ of Brazil. European Journal of Taxonomy 1075: 1-22, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1075.3302, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3302/14539
03E787B22417FF918A40CB3B1D8F1047.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Type BRAZIL – Minas Gerais • São Gonçalo do Rio Preto, Parque Estadual do Rio Preto; Mota & Viana 2661; holotype: BHCB; isotypes: CTES, SI. Paratypes BRAZIL – Minas Gerais • São Gonçalo do Rio Preto, Parque Estadual do Rio Preto; 18 ° 05 ′ 02 ″ S, 43 ° 21 ′ 23 ″ W; 5 Jul. 2014; Carmo, Scatigna & Piassa 212; UEC [UEC 181477] • São Gonçalo do Rio Preto, Parque Estadual do Rio Preto, Areial, próximo à portaria do parque; 8 Oct. 2006; Marino et al. 86; BHCB [BHCB 105413] • São Gonçalo do Rio Preto, Trilha para a lapa do Crescêncio, área após a cerca do Parque Estadual do Rio Preto; 18 ° 04 ′ 49 ″ S, 43 ° 21 ′ 21 ″ W; 11 Jan. 2015; Carmo & Scatigna 279; UEC [UEC 181475].	en	do Carmo, João A. M., Salas, Roberto M., Cabral, Elsa L., Cabaña Fader, Andrea A. (2026): Two new species of Hexasepalum (Rubiaceae: Spermacoceae) from the ʻcampo rupestreʼ of Brazil. European Journal of Taxonomy 1075: 1-22, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1075.3302, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3302/14539
03E787B22417FF918A40CB3B1D8F1047.taxon	description	Description Subshrubs, 5 – 30 cm tall, much-branched, underground branches covered with foliar remains, well-developed main root, up to 1.5 m deep. Stems erect or decumbent, internodes 1 – 3 mm long, subcylindrical to tetragonal, glabrous or glabrescent. Stipular sheath 1 – 1.2 mm long, slightly exceeding the insertion of the pair of leaves, glabrous, 3 – 5 - fimbriate, fimbriae 0.8 – 1.5 mm long, narrowly triangular, slightly succulent, glabrous. Leaves 3 – 6 × 0.8 – 1.1 mm, strongly overlapping, ovate, apex acuminate, base truncate, margins slightly revolute, with an epidermal thickening, slightly succulent, glabrous, inconspicuous secondary veins. Inflorescences axillary, 3 – 5 per flowering branch, fascicles 2 – 5 - flowered, bracts 2, foliaceous. Flowers sessile to subsessile; hypanthium obovate, hexagonal in section; calyx 6 – 7 (8) - lobed, tube absent, lobes 1 – 1.4 mm long, narrowly triangular, glabrous, margin scabrous, with glandular intercalary teeth; corolla 3.5 – 4 mm long, 4 (5) - lobed, infundibuliform, white to lilac with pink lobes, externally glabrous, internally with a ring of moniliform trichomes near the base of the tube; stamens exserted, filament 0.4 – 0.6 mm, anthers shorter than the lobes; pollen grains 11 – 12 - zonocolporate, suboblate to oblate-spheroidal, endoaperture forming an endocingulum, spines and small granules irregularly distributed over the grain; style 4 – 4.5 mm long, stigma bilobate, lobes lamellate; nectariferous disk entire. Schizocarps 2.8 – 3 mm long, obovoid, pubescent, mericarps with dorsal face convex, conspicuously 3 - carinate, ventral face with 2 depressions on both sides of the midline. Seeds 1.3 – 1.4 mm long, obovate in outline, dorsal face convex, without grooves, ventral face with a Y-shaped groove delimited by an apical fold and the longitudinal groove, forked apical grooves not reaching the dorsal face; testa reticulate-foveate, cells isodiametric or elongated; embryo with curved apex.	en	do Carmo, João A. M., Salas, Roberto M., Cabral, Elsa L., Cabaña Fader, Andrea A. (2026): Two new species of Hexasepalum (Rubiaceae: Spermacoceae) from the ʻcampo rupestreʼ of Brazil. European Journal of Taxonomy 1075: 1-22, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1075.3302, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3302/14539
03E787B22417FF918A40CB3B1D8F1047.taxon	distribution	Distribution, habitat, and phenology Hexasepalum motaviananum sp. nov. is endemic to Minas Gerais, Brazil. It has been recorded in the ʻParque Estadual do Rio Pretoʼ and its surroundings, in the municipality of São Gonçalo do Rio Preto (Fig. 4). This species grows on white sand soils surrounded by rocky outcrops in ʻcampo rupestreʼ vegetation (Fig. 7 A – B). In this environment, only the apical floriferous branches protrude from the soil, while the older branches with foliar remains are buried by the continuous deposition of sand from the erosion of the surrounding rocks (Figs 5 A, 7 C). This species is also one of the few with such a developed root system, whose taproot can reach down to 1.5 m deep. Specimens were collected with flowers and fruits in April.	en	do Carmo, João A. M., Salas, Roberto M., Cabral, Elsa L., Cabaña Fader, Andrea A. (2026): Two new species of Hexasepalum (Rubiaceae: Spermacoceae) from the ʻcampo rupestreʼ of Brazil. European Journal of Taxonomy 1075: 1-22, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1075.3302, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3302/14539
03E787B22417FF918A40CB3B1D8F1047.taxon	conservation	Preliminary conservation status Hexasepalum motaviananum sp. nov. is a rare species, known only from four herbarium specimens representing one location. This species is known to occur within the limits of the ʻParque Estadual do Rio Pretoʼ, a conservation unit of integral protection located in the municipality of São Gonçalo do Rio Preto (Fig. 4). Nevertheless, the IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee (2022) states that the criteria for the threatened categories are to be applied to a taxon, whatever the level of conservation action affecting it. The impacts on the ʻcampo rupestreʼ, the vegetation where Hexasepalum motaviananum sp. nov. occurs, in the region of the ʻParque Estadual do Rio Pretoʼ, are usually associated with the expansion of eucalyptus plantations, as noticed by us during fieldwork. Hexasepalum motaviananum sp. nov. has EOO and AOO equal to 0 km 2 and 4 km 2, respectively (kml file available in Supp. file 2). According to the IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee (2022), if EOO is less than AOO, it should be changed to make them equal and ensure consistency with the definition of AOO, which is an area defined within the EOO. Therefore, the one occurrence represents one location, and the species is preliminary assessed as Critically Endangered CR B 1 ab (iii) + B 2 ab (iii), based on its EOO (less than 100 km 2) and AOO (less than 10 km 2), number of locations (less than five), and an inferred continuing decline of the quality of the habitat.	en	do Carmo, João A. M., Salas, Roberto M., Cabral, Elsa L., Cabaña Fader, Andrea A. (2026): Two new species of Hexasepalum (Rubiaceae: Spermacoceae) from the ʻcampo rupestreʼ of Brazil. European Journal of Taxonomy 1075: 1-22, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2026.1075.3302, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/3302/14539
