identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03DD87B8FFB8FF938775AE43FB27FDEF.text	03DD87B8FFB8FF938775AE43FB27FDEF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Goniasteridae Forbes 1841	<div><p>Goniasteridae Forbes, 1841 .</p><p>The last account of Australian asteroids (Rowe and Gates, 1995) showing Goniasteridae below 1000 m included three genera and species, Hippasteria trojana (now H. phrygiana), 366–1152 m, Mediaster arcuatus, 630–1070 m, and Nymphaster moebii, 195–1655 m out of 34 species in 19 genera (Gates and Rowe, 1995). These species were present in a much shallower primary range, only extending at the lower limit below 1000 m. The Pseudarchasteridae, including Pseudarchaster and Paragonaster were removed from the Goniasteridae by Mah and Foltz (2011) since Gates and Rowe (1995).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87B8FFB8FF938775AE43FB27FDEF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Mah, Christopher L.	Mah, Christopher L. (2025): New Australian deep-sea Goniasteridae (Asteroidea; Valvatacea). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 84: 49-88, DOI: 10.24199/j.mmv.2025.84.02, URL: https://doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.2025.84.02
03DD87B8FFB9FF95876DAAC5FD36FABD.text	03DD87B8FFB9FF95876DAAC5FD36FABD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Alloceramaster Mah 2025	<div><p>Alloceramaster nov. gen.</p><p>Etymology. The genus name is based on the Greek “allos” for “other”, alluding to the difference from the established genus Ceramaster .</p><p>Diagnosis. Overall body forms pentagonal or weakly stellate (R/r = 1.1–1.9) with few known adults greater in size than R = 2.0 to 5.0 cm. Arm tips blunt. Interradial arcs weakly curved to straight.</p><p>Fasciolar grooves present around radial papular regions, but shallow to absent around other abactinal plate regions. Two distinct types of abactinal accessories, the more rectangular to rhombic shaped granules forming a periphery around papular radially positioned, abactinal plates versus those forming round to polygonal granules forming periphery around the remainder of the plates.</p><p>Marginal plates per interradius (arm tip to arm tip), 10–18, most bald or with large bald region on plate surface. Actinal plates quadrate to polygonal, covered by granules. Furrow spines 2 to 9, blunt, subambulacral spines 3 to 4.</p><p>Comments. Alloceramaster nov. gen. is proposed to accommodate C. grenadensis and other related taxa with shared characters as outlined herein, including P. affinis, C. pointsurae, and two new Australian species. Pentagonaster affinis is designated as the type species for the genus.</p><p>Although split from Ceramaster, members of Alloceramaster share more in common morphologically with Sphaeriodiscus, displaying distinctly different abactinal plates present around the papular pore region. Peripheral granules (e.g. Fig. 2A–B) on radial regions differ from interradial regions and elsewhere, separate from other abactinal plates and have more weakly-developed fasciolar grooves. In conjunction with the well-developed fasciolar grooves, typological Ceramaster have well-developed abactinal tabulate plates (e.g. Fig. 10A–C) whereas those in Alloceramaster are shorter and are more weakly developed. Granules in Alloceramaster are smaller, rounder, and more abundant than those observed in typological Ceramaster, which tend to be larger and polygonal in shape. This is in stark disagreement with Clark and Downey’s (1992) taxonomy which argued C. patagonicus as a subspecies of C. grenadensis . Alloceramaster also shares several characters with Bathyceramaster, showing abutted abactinal plates with papular, or proximal fasciolar grooves and demonstrating an abundance of granules present over abactinal and marginal plate surfaces. Alloceramaster and Bathyceramaster tend to occur below 1000 m depths, whereas Ceramaster shows a broad range between 20 and 1500 m.</p><p>As with other deep-sea Goniasteridae, such as Bathyceramaster, Alloceramaster is widely occurring in deep-sea settings. Although variation based on morphological data suggests multiple species, independent phylogenetic data for other widely occurring asteroid genera, such as Hippasteria (Foltz et al., 2013) have suggested some species do not always show morphological, taxonomic and molecular congruence.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87B8FFB9FF95876DAAC5FD36FABD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Mah, Christopher L.	Mah, Christopher L. (2025): New Australian deep-sea Goniasteridae (Asteroidea; Valvatacea). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 84: 49-88, DOI: 10.24199/j.mmv.2025.84.02, URL: https://doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.2025.84.02
03DD87B8FFBEFF978776AC43FBF2FAC2.text	03DD87B8FFBEFF978776AC43FBF2FAC2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Alloceramaster affinis Perrier 1884	<div><p>Alloceramaster affinis Perrier, 1884 nov. gen, nov. comb.</p><p>Figures 2A–F</p><p>Pentagonaster affinis Perrier, 1884: 168, 183, 186, 243, pl.8 fig. 4; Sladen, 1889: 265, 267, 744; Perrier, 1894: 40, 390; Halpern, 1970: 216.</p><p>Tosia affinis Perrier, 1884: 183 .</p><p>Pyrenaster affinis Verrill, 1899: 168, 1915: 222.</p><p>Material Examined. MCZ AST–404. Paratypes for Pentagonaster affinis Off Cuba, north of Navassa Island, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-74.818054&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=19.098612" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -74.818054/lat 19.098612)">Western Central Atlantic.</a> 19º 5' 55" N, 74º 49' 5" W, 2194.5 m, Coll. Alexander Agassiz , USCSS Blake Expedition, 1877–1880, 19 December 1878. 3 dry specs . R = 1.4 r = 0.9, R = 1.3 r = 0.8, R = 1.6 r = 0.9</p><p>USNM E45324 . Exuma <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-75.83&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.85" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -75.83/lat 23.85)">Sound</a>, Bahamas, North Atlantic Ocean. 23° 51' 0" N, - 75° 49'47.9994" W, 1853–1858 m. Coll . R.S. Carney, R / V Columbus Iselin, 3 September 1980. 6 dry specs . R = 2.7 r = 1.5, R = 3.1 r = 1.9, R = 3.1 r = 1.7., R = 2.5 r = 1.4, R = 2.6 r = 1.6, R = 2.2 r = 1.3.</p><p>USNM E53737 . <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-79.770004&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=14.55" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -79.770004/lat 14.55)">Serrana Bank</a>, Nicaragua, Caribbean Sea, North Atlantic Ocean. 14° 33' 0" N, - 79° 46' 11.9994" W, 2341 m. Coll. W. E. Pequegnat, 14 July 1970. 6 dry specs . R = 1.7 r = 1.0, R = 1.6 r = 0.9, R = 1.6 r = 0.9, R = 1.5 r = 0.9, R = 1.4 r = 0.9, R = 1.5 r = 0.9</p><p>USNM E11257. NW of Libreville, Gabon, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=7.7667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.2166998" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 7.7667/lat 1.2166998)">Gulf</a> of Guinea, North Atlantic. 1° 13' 0.1194" N, 7° 46' 0.12" E, 2525 m. Coll . R / V Pillsbury, 17 May 1965. 1 dry spec .</p><p>USNM E11260. NW of Libreville, Gabon, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=7.7667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.2166998" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 7.7667/lat 1.2166998)">Gulf</a> of Guinea, North Atlantic. 1° 13' 0.1194" N, 7° 46' 0.12" E, 2525 m. Coll . R / V Pillsbury, 17 May 1965. 44 dry specs .</p><p>USNM E19088. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-78.5183&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.266699" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -78.5183/lat 18.266699)">Off</a> west coast of Jamaica, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-78.5183&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.266699" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -78.5183/lat 18.266699)">Long Bay</a>, Caribbean Sea, North Atlantic. 18° 16' 0.12" N, 78°31' 5.8794" W, 1244–1830 m. Coll . R / V Pillsbury, 8 July 1970. 1 dry spec .</p><p>USNM E19090. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.9833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=17.8833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.9833/lat 17.8833)">West of Cape Falls</a>, Dominican Republic, Caribbean Sea, North Atlantic. 17° 52' 59.8794" N, 71° 58'59.8794" W, 1893–3109 m. Coll . R / V Pillsbury, 17 July 1970. 5 dry specs .</p><p>USNM E19091. SE of Acklins Island, Mayaguana <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.6917&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.966671" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.6917/lat 21.966671)">Passage</a>, Bahamas, North Atlantic. 21° 58' 0.012" N, - 73° 41' 30.1194" W, 1650 m. Coll . R / V Pillsbury, 22 July 1971. 5 dry specs .</p><p>USNM E19003. NE of Cape Dame-Marie, Haiti, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-74.5&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.85" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -74.5/lat 18.85)">Caribbean Sea</a>, North Atlantic. 18° 51' 0" N, 74° 30' 0" W, 2545 m. Coll . R / V Pillsbury 1 July 1970. 14 dry specs .</p><p>USNM 1664246 . Exuma <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-75.33333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.0" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -75.33333/lat 24.0)">Sound</a>, Bahamas, North Atlantic Ocean. 24° 0' 0" N, - 75° 19' 59.988" W, 1884 m, Coll . R / V Columbus Iselin, 4 March 1973. 1 dry spec . R = 1.7 r = 1.0</p><p>USNM 1664247. Exuma <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-75.9&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.15" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -75.9/lat 24.15)">Sound</a>, Bahamas, North Atlantic Ocean. 24° 8' 59.9994" N, 75° 54' 0" W, 1842 m. Coll . R / V Columbus Iselin 9 Nov 1974, 3 dry specs .</p><p>USNM 1664249. NW of Great Inagua <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.7583&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=21.320002" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.7583/lat 21.320002)">Island</a>, Bahamas, North Atlantic. 21° 19' 12" N, 73° 45' 29.88" W, 2523 m. Coll . R / V Pillsbury 21 July 1971. 3 dry specs .</p><p>USNM 1607692. Caribbean Sea 12° 24' 6.0006 “N, 75° 24' 0" W, 2353– 2303 m, Coll . R / V Columbus-Iselin, 7 September 1980. 12 dry specs .</p><p>Diagnosis. Identified by papular regions proximally on arm with elongate, rectangular peripheral granules, abactinal plates triangular to irregularly round, each with well-developed fasciolar grooves. Marginal plates elongate when viewed dorsally. Furrow spines 2–5 at R = 1.5 (on paratype) to 5–7 at R = 3.0, spatulate, varying from pointed and triangular to blunt, quadrate in shape. Subambulacral spinelets, 3 to 5.</p><p>Comments. Perrier’s P.affinis should be reinstated as an accepted species, herein as A.affinis n. comb. Halpern (1970:216) argued that C. affinis (Perrier, 1884) was a synonym of C. grenadensis (Perrier, 1881) based on the assertion that the “only difference” was based on the granulation of the radial plates which he correctly observed as being elongate rather than being more square, as in C. grenadensis . Halpern further argued that these peripheral granules ran a wide spectrum of intermediate forms within C. grenadensis with a tendency towards elongation of these granules in deeper-water forms. The distinction between deep and shallow peripheral granules in these species is confirmed, but it is argued that this represents a distinction between species in different settings rather than simple variation. No examples of intermediate morphologies could be located which supported his claim of intermediate forms. Similarly, Halpern argued (1970: 218) that the “state of relaxation or contraction was important in the appearance of the radial plates”. Examination of a range of specimens, which were consistent with the type specimens of “ P. affinis ” as well as C. grenadensis did not provide the same conclusion. The material examined by Halpern (1970) was also from a range of depths, most of which were shallower than those of specimens with the “ affinis ” type morphology. This species was recorded from abyssal depths: 1650–3109 m.</p><p>Although distinguished from other Alloceramaster based on the trapezoidal/triangular abactinal plates in the papular regions, this character is also observed in the South Pacific Sphaeriodiscus maui, which bears a similar appearance, but displays fewer marginal plates per interradius (n = 8 versus n = 15 in A.affinis), more abundant, denser abactinal granulation, and is overall less stellate, lacking the tapering distal arm tip. In comparing other tropical Atlantic Alloceramaster, A. affinis displays triangular abactinal plates on the papular region with slender, rectangular peripheral granules whereas A. grenadensi s has round to polygonal abactinal plates on the papular region with trapezoidal to triangular peripheral granules.</p><p>Occurrence. Tropical Western Atlantic, Cuba, the Bahamas, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Nicaragua Gabon, Gulf of Guinea, 1650–3109 m.</p><p>Description. Body shape pentagonal to weakly stellate, R/r = 1.5–1.8, arms triangular, acutely tapering to pointed tip. Abactinal plates convex, mound-shaped, round to polygonal in outline. Fasciolar grooves shallow to absent around most plates save for specific radial papular regions (Fig. 2A–B), which are deeper and more well developed. Abactinal plates covered by round granules, 2 to 15 per plate, covering complete surface, evenly spaced save for those plates present radially, on proximal arm region, ranging from 4 to 10 which possess narrow rectangular peripheral granules (Fig. 2B). Central surface of these plates with round granules.</p><p>Marginal plates, 11–13 per interradius (arm tip to arm tip), but not clearly associated with size. When viewed dorsally, marginal plates elongate, forming narrow edge along periphery. Distalmost superomarginal plates abutted. Superomarginal plate surface (Fig. 2C) devoid of granules or other accessories, but with a pattern present with a wrinkled ornament on the surface. Inferomarginal plates similarly devoid of surficial accessories, covered with a pronounced wrinkle-like pattern on plate surface. Marginal plate periphery with 20 to 40 granules, round, approximately 8 to 10 per side. Superomarginals and inferomarginals slightly offset forming zigzag contact.</p><p>Actinal plates irregular to polygonal in shape, covered by granules, 6–15 similar to those on abactinal surface (Fig. 2E). Plates in 2 to 3 full series in chevron-like arrangement. Fasciolar grooves present but shallow.</p><p>Furrow spines 2–5 at R = 1.5 (on paratype) to 5–7 at R = 3.0, spatulate, varying from pointed and triangular to blunt, quadrate in shape (Fig. 2F). Adambulacral plate surface adjacent to furrow spines with a single row of short subambulacral spinelets, 3 to 5, with a distinct space separating them from both the furrow spines (and the adambulacral edge) and on the other side, contact with the actinal plates and granules. Oral plates with 9–10 furrow spines, one large spine projecting into mouth on each oral plate (two projecting into mouth per interradius). Oral plate surface with 6 jagged spines along the edge of the diastema between plates (Fig. 2D), each quadrate to polygonal in cross-section. Similar spines, 4–6 present on oral plate surface, all widely spaced to absent.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87B8FFBEFF978776AC43FBF2FAC2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Mah, Christopher L.	Mah, Christopher L. (2025): New Australian deep-sea Goniasteridae (Asteroidea; Valvatacea). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 84: 49-88, DOI: 10.24199/j.mmv.2025.84.02, URL: https://doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.2025.84.02
03DD87B8FFBCFF998776AA0AFA4CFAA5.text	03DD87B8FFBCFF998776AA0AFA4CFAA5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Alloceramaster grenadensis (Perrier 1881) Mah 2025	<div><p>Alloceramaster grenadensis (Perrier, 1881) nov. gen. nov. comb.</p><p>Figures 3A–E</p><p>Pentagonaster grenadensis Perrier, 1881: 19; 1884: 168,181, 186, 232–233, pl. 8, fig. 2; Sladen, 1889: 265, 266, 744; Perrier, 1894: 39, 390. Ceramaster grenadensis Verrill, 1915: 222; Halpern, 1970: 213, figs. 8–9; Downey, 1973: 49, pl. 17 figs. C, D.</p><p>Material Examined. MCZ Holotype. AST–416, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-61.827774&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=12.065278" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -61.827774/lat 12.065278)">Off</a> Grenada, 12° 3' 55.0002" N - 61° 49' 39.9966" W, 1053 m. Coll. Alexander Agassiz, USCSS Blake Expeditions, 2 March 1879. 1 dry spec. R = 2.6 r = 1.7.</p><p>USNM E12700 . NW of Montserrat, Caribbean Sea, North Atlantic Ocean, 589 m. Coll . R / V Oregon II. 8 December 1969. 1 dry spec . R = 3.1 r = 1.8.</p><p>USNM E12702 . <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-83.4&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.53" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -83.4/lat 16.53)">Northeast</a> of Honduras, Caribbean Sea, North Atlantic, 16° 31' 48" N, - 83° 24' 0" W, 914 m. Coll. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 24 October 1970. 3 dry specs . R = 3.7 r = 2.0, R = 3.1 r = 1.5, R = 2.6 r = 1.5.</p><p>USNM E12780 . <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-62.98&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=17.77" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -62.98/lat 17.77)">North</a> of St. Eustatius, St. Kitts and Nevis, Caribbean Sea, North Atlantic Ocean. 17° 46' 11.9994" N, 62° 58' 47.9994" W, 649– 668 m. Coll . R / V Oregon, 18 May 1967. 4 dry specs . R = 2.5 r = 1.3 R = 2.3 r = 1.1, R = 1.8 r = 1.1, R = 2.0 r = 1.1</p><p>USNM E12781 . <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-62.37&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=17.25" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -62.37/lat 17.25)">East</a> of Saint Christopher, Saint Christopher and Nevis Island, Caribbean Sea, North Atlantic Ocean. 17° 15' 0" N, 62° 22' 11.9994" W, 580 m. Coll . R / V Oregon II, 8 December 1969. 1 dry spec . R = 3.0 r = 1.6</p><p>USNM E12782 . NE of St. Kitts, St. Kitts and Nevis, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-62.55&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=17.4" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -62.55/lat 17.4)">Caribbean Sea</a>, North Atlantic Ocean. 17° 23'59.9994" N, 62° 32' 59.9994" W, 644 m. Coll . R / V Oregon II. 8 December 1969. 1 dry spec . R = 2.1 r = 1.3.</p><p>USNM E12783 . <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-62.47&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=17.4" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -62.47/lat 17.4)">East</a> of Saint Christopher, Saint Christopher and Nevis Island, Caribbean Sea, North Atlantic Ocean. 17° 23'59.9994" N, 62° 28' 11.9994" W, 629 m. Coll . R / V Oregon II, 8 December 1969. 2 dry specs . R = 2.2 r = 1.2, R = 3.5 r = 1.8.</p><p>USNM E13218 . Honduras, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.630005&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.720001" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.630005/lat 16.720001)">Caribbean Sea</a>, North Atlantic Ocean. 16° 43' 11.9994" N, 82° 37' 47.9994" W, 430– 612 m. Coll . R / V Alaminos, 12 July 1970. 1 dry spec . R = 2.1 r = 1.3.</p><p>USNM E19089. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.095&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=11.7667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.095/lat 11.7667)">West of Los Roques Islands</a>, Caribbean Sea, North Atlantic, 11° 46' 0.12" N, 67° 5' 41.9994" W, 1098–1175 m. Coll. 24 July 1968. 1 dry spec . R = 2.7 r = 1.7.</p><p>USNM E19094 . <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-77.58&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=17.3567" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -77.58/lat 17.3567)">North</a> of Portland <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-77.58&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=17.3567" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -77.58/lat 17.3567)">Rock</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-77.58&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=17.3567" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -77.58/lat 17.3567)">Pedro Bank</a>, Jamaica, Caribbean Sea, North Atlantic, 17° 21' 24.12" N, 77° 34' 47.9994" W, 805–1089 m. Coll . R / V Pillsbury, 15 July 1970. 1 dry spec . R = 1.4 r = 0.9.</p><p>USNM E22187 . Off NE coast of Nicaragua, Caribbean Sea, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-81.08&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.03" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -81.08/lat 15.03)">North Atlantic Ocean.</a> 15° 1' 47.9994" N, - 81° 4' 47.9994" W, 439– 631 m. Coll . R / V Alaminos, 13 July 1970. 1 dry spec . R = 2.3 r = 1.5.</p><p>USNM 1233808 . N of Black Rocks, St. Kitts and Nevis, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-62.77&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=17.55" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -62.77/lat 17.55)">Caribbean Sea</a>, North Atlantic. 17° 33' 0" N, 62° 46' 12" W, 668 m. Coll . R / V Oregon II, 9 December 1969. 1 dry spec . R = 3.5 r = 2.0.</p><p>USNM 1241639 . <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-69.4&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=11.82" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -69.4/lat 11.82)">East of Paraguana Peninsula</a>, Venezuela, Caribbean Sea, North Atlantic Ocean. 11° 49' 12" N, 69° 24' 0" W, 549 m. Coll . R / V Oregon, 3 October 1963. 1 dry spec . R = 2.7 r = 1.7.</p><p>Diagnosis. Abactinal plates of papular region, polygonal to round in shape, with peripheral granules distinctly trapezoidal, triangular in shape. Superomarginal plates 12–15 per interradius. Bare patch small, irregular in shape. Furrow spines 4–9, blunt, quadrate in cross-section, mostly 7 to 8. Subambulacralspinesinoneortworows, eachwithapproximately three blunt, spines in each series, quadrate in cross-section</p><p>Comments. Alloceramaster grenadensis nov. comb. is considered herein a distinct species and a separate taxon from C. patagonicus contrary to the taxonomic conclusion outlined by Clark and Downey (1992) which concluded C. patagonicus was a subspecies of C. grenadensis with the implication of C. grenadensis as “the most widely distributed, as well as one of the most abundant shallow-water asteroid species in the world”. (Clark and Downey, 1992: 237). This is especially disagreeable given that no members of C. grenadensis are known below 430 m.</p><p>The basis of C. patagonicu s as a subspecies seems largely tied to Clark and Downey’s (1992) statement that southern hemisphere C. patagonicus differed only in “minor (subspecific) characters from C. grenadensis ” which I could not confirm based on available material or descriptions. Clark and Downey (1992) do not outline characters for this conclusion. Character evidence as outlined for Alloceramaster supports C. grenadensis in a distinctly separate genus from C. patagonicus which, based on the larger abactinal granules, and more well-developed abactinal fasciolar grooves and marginal plate shape is more similar to the typological C. granularis . All known species of Alloceramaster also occur at much deeper depths (greater than 1000 m) than C. patagonicus and related species.</p><p>Alloceramaster grenadensis displays characters similar to Alloceramaster minus n. sp., in that the abactinal plates for the papular region are round to polygonal, each with triangular to trapezoid-shaped peripheral granules. The bare spots on A. minus are larger, occupying much more of the superomarginal surface. A. grenadensis differs from the other tropical Atlantic species in that the abactinal plates on the papular region are polygonal to round with triangular to trapezoidal peripheral granules. This contrasts with those in A. affinis which displays triangular abactinal plates on the papular region with slender, rectangular peripheral granules.</p><p>Occurrence/Distribution. Tropical West Atlantic, Grenada, Caribbean Sea, St. Kitts and Nevis, Honduras, Nevis Island, Los Roques Island, Jamaica, Nicaragua. 430–1175 m.</p><p>Eastern Atlantic. Azores, Canary Islands, Mediterranean</p><p>Sea, Corsica. 540–2220 m.</p><p>Description. Body pentagonal to stellate, R/r = 1.4 to 1.9, arms triangular, disk broad. Interradial arcs curved. Abactinal plates tabulate, plates weakly convex, mound-shaped, round to polygonal in outline, but with shallow fasciolar grooves. Fascioles around radial papular regions (Fig. 3A, B) well developed, weakly present elsewhere. Abactinal surface covered primarily by granules, round, 4 to 60, mostly 20–50, covering plate surface in ordered concentric series. Radial papular regions with distinct angular peripheral granules, variable dimensions, mostly rhombus-shaped (Fig. 3B) but with some more slender shaped in smaller individuals.</p><p>Marginal plates, 12–15, forming wide periphery when viewed from dorsal surface. Distalmost superomarginals, 1 to 3, mostly 2 abutted over midline. Superomarginal surface with a centrally bald region, which varies in size from small, discrete, raised patch (Fig. 3C), approximately 15% of complete dorsal superomarginal plate surface to covering 70–80% of plate surface. Remainder of marginal plates surface covered by variably round, evenly spaced granules, 40–400, which cover lateral and inferomarginal surface (Fig. 3C).</p><p>Actinal region in full series, 3 to 4, chevron-like formation with irregular plates present adjacent to contact with inferomarginal plates. Actinal plates covered by granules, 5–40, mostly 10–30 (Fig. 3D). When removed they leave a shallow concavity on actinal plate surface.</p><p>Furrow spines 4–9, blunt, quadrate in cross-section, mostly 7 to 8 (Fig. 3E). Subambulacral spines in one or two rows, each with approximately three blunt, spines in each series, quadrate in cross-section. Remainder of adambulacral plate covered by granules 3–8 round to rough tipped, similar to identical with those on actinal plates. Oral plates with blunt, 9 to 15, polygonal to quadrate in cross section, oral plate surface with approximately 8–10 granules, each blunt but quadrate to polygonal in cross-section, present along either side of the central diastema between paired oral plates.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87B8FFBCFF998776AA0AFA4CFAA5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Mah, Christopher L.	Mah, Christopher L. (2025): New Australian deep-sea Goniasteridae (Asteroidea; Valvatacea). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 84: 49-88, DOI: 10.24199/j.mmv.2025.84.02, URL: https://doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.2025.84.02
03DD87B8FFB2FF9B8775AA2BFBBEFAC4.text	03DD87B8FFB2FF9B8775AA2BFBBEFAC4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Alloceramaster leios Mah 2025	<div><p>Alloceramaster leios nov. gen, nov. sp.</p><p>Figures 4A–E</p><p>Material Examined. Holotype. MV F240274. Great Australian Bight. 34º 46' 30" S, 131º 43' 53" E to 34º 47' 56" S, 131º 44' 41" E, 1323– 1340m, Coll. IN 2015_COI GAB Chevron. 22 November 2015. 1 wet spec. R = 2.4 r = 1.5.</p><p>Paratypes. WAM Z 110247. 147 km WNW of Koks Island, outside the <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=111.96902&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.98892" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 111.96902/lat -23.98892)">Gascoyne Marine Park</a>, 23º 59' 20.112" S, 111º 58 ‘8.4612" E, 1025 m 8 wet specs. Coll. B. Alvarez, K. M. Naughton, K. Moore, C. Unteidt, aboard RV Investigator CSIRO 10064562, 8 wet specs. R = 1.2 r = 0.7, R = 1.2 r = 0.7 R = 1.2 r = 0.7, R = 1.2 r = 0.7 R = 1.1 r = 0.6, R = 1.1 r = 0.6 R = 0.9 r = 0.5, R = 0.6 r = 0.4</p><p>Etymology. The species epithet is derived from the Greek leios for smooth or bald, alluding to the smooth, bare superomarginal plate surfaces.</p><p>Diagnosis. Body weakly stellate (R/r = 1.6), interradial arcs curved. Arms triangular. Abactinal plates weakly tabulate along papular regions, plates rounded to polygonal in shape.</p><p>Granules more uniform, densely arranged with less distinction between those centrally and peripherally. Radial regions with fasciolar grooves, plates hexagonal to round, peripheral granules trapezoidal with central granules round to polygonal. Marginal plates 14 to 16 per interradius (arm tip to arm tip), penultimate superomarginal enlarged, abutted distally. Superomarginals with prominent bald area occupying central region. Furrow spines, blunt, round in cross-section, 4 to 6, mostly 4 or 5 with six spines present closer to arm tip in weakly palmate arrangement. First row of subambulacral spines, primarily three but some with four, set apart from furrow spines by distinct space.</p><p>Comments. Alloceramaster leios n. sp. shares distinctive characters with A. minus sp. suggesting affinities, notably that the superomarginal plate surface is bare and smooth, either completely or as a distinct patch on the dorsal surface. The papular regions, also show plates with peripheral granules that are similar in appearance (Fig. 4B). Alloceramaster leios shows an enlarged, penultimate superomarginal plate distinguishing it from other known Alloceramaster species. Although the enlarged penultimate superomarginal invokes comparisons with Sphaeriodiscus, Alloceramaster displays heterogeneous peripheral granules between the radial and interradial areas and has superomarginal plates with smooth, bare dorsal areas with no granules present. Marginal plate number in Alloceramaster, 10 to 18, which is generally more stellate is also greater than in Sphaeriodiscus, 6 to 12, which is generally more pentagonal.</p><p>The small sized individuals suggest greater development of marginal plate number and granule number relative to that observed in the holotype (at R = 2.4) as well as a more stellate shape in larger individuals. If assessment of WAM Z110247 as small individuals is correct, the distribution of this species extends from the South Pacific to the Indian Ocean, suggesting widespread occurrence .</p><p>Occurrence/Distribution. Great Australian Bight, 1323–1340 m. Gascoyne Marine Reserve (1025m).</p><p>Description. Body weakly stellate (R/r = 1.6 to 1.7), interradial arcs curved. Arms triangular (Fig. 4A).</p><p>Abactinal plates weakly tabulate, extending from disk to arm tip. Fasciolar channels present primarily over radial papular regions (Fig. 4A, B), weakly present or shallow interradially. Abactinal plates polygonal to round in outline with weakly convex surface. Plates covered by 10 to 70 granules. Peripheral granules show distinct shape difference between those present radially and interradially. Those present along radial regions with peripheral granules, 10 to 30 distinctly trapezoidal in shape (Fig. 5B). Other granules, 8 to 30, present on central and interradial regions round in outline. Radial granules widely spaced. Granules interradially and within the primary circlet with more weakly differentiated peripheral and central granules. Peripheral and central granules more closely homogeneous in size and shape, and more densely arranged. Peripheral and central granules also more homogeneous, closer in shape and size relative to those on the radial regions. Radial plates include eight to nine granules across a 1.0 mm line. Superomarginal plates abutted distally, forming distinct border, approximately 10% of total distance “r” (Fig. 4A). Madreporite quadrate in shape, concave curvature, flanked by four plates. A distinct dividing contact present along each interradius between plates present on the disk. Pedicellariae not observed.</p><p>Superomarginal plates 14, inferomarginals 16 per interradius, arm tip to arm tip. Eight at R &lt;1.2. Penultimate superomarginal plates enlarged, oblong approximately twice the size of the adjacent superomarginal plate and completely devoid of granules. Superomarginal with prominent, round bald area occupying most of abactinal facing surface (Fig. 4C). Dense, round granules, counting approximately 50 to 70 on lateral facing of superomarginal plate (Fig. 4C). Superomarginals and inferomarginals with peripheral granules, round in shape, approximately 40 to 80. Interradially with 15 on each short side, 20 on each elongate side. Pits corresponding to tong-like pedicellariae present on bare plate surface. Superomarginal contact with abactinal plates convex. Inferomarginal oral surface with round bald spot variable in size from three to four granules wide to completely covering inferomarginal surface, otherwise covered by 20 to 100 round granules, continuous with granules on actinal surface. Terminal plates triangular, smooth surface.</p><p>Actinal surface with three full rows in chevron-like pattern with one to two irregular, incomplete rows. Plates quadrate in shape, each covered by eight to 30 round to polygonal evenly shaped granules (Fig. 4D, E).</p><p>Furrow spines, blunt, teardrop in cross-section, 4 to 6, (Fig. 4E) mostly 4 or 5 with six spines present closer to arm tip in weakly palmate arrangement. First row of subambulacral spines, primarily three, but some with four set apart from furrow spines by distinct space. This row 50–60% of furrow spine height, with each spine about twice as thick as each furrow spine. Two further rows of subambulacral granules or short spinelets present on adambulacral plate, gradually decreasing in size until becoming consistent in size with other actinal granules. Each subambulacral row with spaces between them. Oral plate furrow spines 12, blunt, more quadrate in cross-section with one distinct spine, blunt-tipped, quadrate in cross-section, from each plate directed into mouth. Oral plate surface with two paired series of six angular granules along oral plate centre contact. Approximately seven to nine other angular or quadrate in cross-section spines present on oral plate surface.</p><p>WAM Z110247 shows eight specimens with overall R &lt;1.2 cm. These show much more weakly developed abactinal plates, and shallower fasciolar grooves around the papular regions. Coarse, angular granules, 3 to 10 per plate, with fewer on papular regions. Marginal plates 8 per interradius, superomarginal dorsal face completely bald, inferomarginal plates surface covered by quadrate shaped bald spot, surrounded by granules. Furrow spines 2 to 4, mostly 3. Subambulacral spines decreasing in size, shape from furrow to actinal intermediate surface.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87B8FFB2FF9B8775AA2BFBBEFAC4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Mah, Christopher L.	Mah, Christopher L. (2025): New Australian deep-sea Goniasteridae (Asteroidea; Valvatacea). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 84: 49-88, DOI: 10.24199/j.mmv.2025.84.02, URL: https://doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.2025.84.02
03DD87B8FFB0FF9D8776AA04FC06FB11.text	03DD87B8FFB0FF9D8776AA04FC06FB11.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Alloceramaster minus Mah 2025	<div><p>Alloceramaster minus nov. gen, nov. sp.</p><p>Figures 5A–E</p><p>Material Examined. Holotype. WAM Z110126. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=112.86471&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-20.834288" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 112.86471/lat -20.834288)">Gascoyne Marine Reserve</a>, 164 km NW of Kurabi Point, 20º 50' 3.4332" S, 112º 51' 52.9524" E, 1088 m. Coll. B. Alvarez, K. M. Naughton, K. Moore, C. Unteidt, aboard RV Investigator CSIRO barcode 10052895. 1 wet spec. R = 1.7 r = 0.9</p><p>Paratype. WAM Z110133. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=112.86471&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-20.834288" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 112.86471/lat -20.834288)">Gascoyne Marine Reserve</a>, 164 km NW of Kurabi Point, 20º 50'03.4332" S 112º 51' 52.9524" E, 1088m, Coll. B. Alvarez, K. M. Naughton, K. Moore, C. Unteidt, aboard RV Investigator CSIRO 10052998, 1 wet spec . R = 0.8 r = 0.6.</p><p>Etymology. The species epithet minus refers to the Latin for bare or smooth, alluding to the absence of granules on the superomarginal plate surface.</p><p>Diagnosis. Body stout, shape pentagonal to weakly stellate, (R/r = 1.3–1.8), arms short, blunt. Interradial arcs weakly curved to straight. Abactinal surface covered by dense cover of granules. Radial areas with fasciolar grooves, bearing widely spaced rectangular to broadly trapezoidal peripheral granules versus polygonal to round central granules, these differing from those on interradial areas which show identically shaped peripheral and central granules. Superomarginal plates 10 per interradius. Penultimate superomarginals similar in size to adjacent superomarginals. Superomarginal surface with large, bald, smooth surface. Inferomarginal plates similar overall to superomarginal plates, but with a rounded-quadrate bald patch on actinal surface, while remainder of surface covered by 20– 130 granules. Furrow spines 6 to 8, mostly 6 with highest number of spines on proximalmost adambulacral plates. Subambulacral spines 3, blunt, 2 to 3 times the thickness of the furrow spines. Pedicellariae, when present with forceps-like valves present with abundance on abactinal surface.</p><p>Comments. Alloceramaster minus n. sp. shares with A. leios n. sp. the presence of a prominent bald patch or surface (Fig. 5A, C) on the superomarginal plate surfaces and marginal plate number per interradius differ, although both characters may vary based on size. There are an abundance of forceps-like pedicellariae on the abactinal surface of A. minus . This species also displays some resemblance with A. grenadensis in that it has round to polygonal abactinal plates on its papular region with triangular to trapezoidal-shaped peripheral granules.</p><p>Occurrence/Distribution. Gascoyne Marine Reserve, Western Australia, Indian Ocean, 1088 m .</p><p>Description. Body stout, shape pentagonal to weakly stellate, (R/r=1.3–1.8), arms short, blunt. Interradial arcs weakly curved (Fig. 5A, D).</p><p>Abactinal plates with low tabulate plates over radial regions where papulae are present, abutted abactinal plates centrally and interradially (Fig. 5B). Non-radial plates hexagonal to irregularly polygonal in shape, covered by granules, round to polygonal, close set, homogeneous in size and shape, but discretely separated into peripheral and central areas. Granules form continuous cover, approximately 5 to 6 counts along a 1.0 mm line, totalling 8 to 30 per plate (Fig. 5B). Radial plates, approximately 9 plates per arm with more widely spaced peripheral granules, up to 20 granules densely arranged on plate surface on a convex surface. Shallow fasciolar grooves present around these radial tabulate plate regions (Fig. 5B). Pedicellariae with narrow forcep-like valves, approximately 15–25 per interradius. Madreporite triangular in shape, on raised plate, flanked by three plates, and approximately 18–20 granules.</p><p>Marginal plates 10 per interradius, arm tip to arm tip (4 to 5 per arm side), 2 superomarginals abutted in full contact along midline at arm tip (Fig. 5C). Superomarginal plates round in cross-section with strongly convex surface along abactinal-lateral angle, quadrate in overall shape. Central surface of superomarginal plates with a large, smooth and bare quadrate region (Fig. 5A, C). Lateral surface of superomarginals covered by small, round granules, 60–70, widely spaced. Inferomarginal plates similar overall to superomarginal plates, but with a rounded-quadrate bald patch on actinal surface, while remainder of surface covered by 20–130 granules, evenly spaced. Some superomarginal plates show signs of damage and double-plate growth. No pedicellariae observed. Terminal plate round, with smooth surface.</p><p>Actinal intermediate region with two full series in chevron formation, with irregularly arranged plates adjacent to inferomarginal contact. Individual plates quadrate in shape. All plates covered by granules, 9 to 20, mostly 8–15, round to polygonal (Fig. 5E). More widely spaced proximally becoming more closely arranged distally adjacent to contact with inferomarginal plates.</p><p>Furrow spines 6 to 8, mostly 6 (Fig. 5E) with highest number of spines on proximalmost adambulacral plates. Spines blunt with rounded tips, in weakly palmate formation. Subambulacral spines 3, 2 distalmost enlarged, proximalmost spine smallest set off from furrow spines by a discrete space. Subambulacral spines thick, approximately 2 to 3 times the thickness of the furrow spines, blunt tips, similar in height, the smallest of these spines approximately 50% of the height of the other subambulacral spines. Remainder of adambulacral plate covered with blunt, thick, granules, approximately half the height of the subambulacral spines, similar in stature to granules on the actinal surface. These granules widely spaced with a single row, composed of four granules at contact with actinal plates. Oral plates with 6 furrow spines, triangular in cross-section with blunt tips and a seventh spine projecting into the mouth from the tip of each oral plate (two in each interradius). Oral plate with 6 to 8 pairs of thick granules (Fig. 5E), each triangular in cross-section with blunt tips on either side of the diastema between the paired oral plates. A single pedicellariae, forceps-like valves, on one of the proximal adambulacral plates adjacent to the oral region with narrow valves (Fig. 6E).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87B8FFB0FF9D8776AA04FC06FB11	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Mah, Christopher L.	Mah, Christopher L. (2025): New Australian deep-sea Goniasteridae (Asteroidea; Valvatacea). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 84: 49-88, DOI: 10.24199/j.mmv.2025.84.02, URL: https://doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.2025.84.02
03DD87B8FFB6FF9F8776ABDFFE7EFD12.text	03DD87B8FFB6FF9F8776ABDFFE7EFD12.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Alloceramaster pointsurae (Mah 2016)	<div><p>Alloceramaster pointsurae (Mah 2016) nov. gen, nov. comb.</p><p>Figures 6A–E</p><p>Mah 2016: 114, Fig. 4A–D</p><p>Material Examined. Holotype. USNM 1407942. President Jackson Seamount B, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-128.16121&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.833138" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -128.16121/lat 42.833138)">North Pacific</a>, 42° 49' 59.304" N, 128° 9' 40.3914" W, 1975.7 m. Coll. D. Clague,1 wet spec. R = 1.8, r = 1.0.</p><p>Paratypes. USNM 1407943. President Jackson Seamount C, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-128.09825&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.74003" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -128.09825/lat 42.74003)">North Pacific</a>, 42° 44' 24.0966" N 128° 5' 53.736" W, 1742.1 m. Coll. D. Clague , MBARI, D82 – A3. 1 wet spec . R = 1.0, r = 0.6; USNM 1407944. President Jackson Seamount C, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-128.09715&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=42.73999" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -128.09715/lat 42.73999)">North Pacific</a>, 42° 44' 23.9604" N, 128° 5' 49.776" W, 1730.1 m. Coll. D. Clague , MBARI, D82 – A6, 1 wet spec . R = 1.2, r = 0.6.</p><p>Diagnosis (Based on Mah, 2016). Body shape is stellate (R/r = 1.6–2.0 at R = 1.8). Interradial arcs curved. Abactinal plates Abactinal plates round to polygonal in outline, covered by 7–30 (mostly 10–25) granules. Six to 20 rectangular-oblong granules form discrete periphery surrounding one to eight round central granules on radial plates. Superomarginal and inferomarginal plates, 10–16 per interradius (arm tip to arm tip) with distinct, quadrate-shaped smooth, bald surfaces. Marginal plates wide, forming distinct periphery around body, approximately 22% of “r” (5.0 /23.0 mm), distalmost one or two pairs of superomarginal plates abutted at arm tip. Actinal plates covered by fine granules with angular tips, which obscure boundaries between plates. Furrow spines, 3–4, mostly 4 arranged in a straight to palmate pattern. Subambulacral spines in two rows, each with two thick but pointed subambulacral spines, approximately twice as thick as a single furrow spine, set off from furrow spines by discrete space. A second row of subambulacral spines sits adjacent to the first series, less than half the height but closely resembles angular granules on actinal surface.</p><p>Comments. This species displays the angular, elongate granules as well as well-developed fasciolar grooves around proximal papular pores which are shared by species within Alloceramaster . This species invites comparison with A. affinis, but differs in having much finer and more abundant actinal spines and much coarser and less angular peripheral granules around the proximal papular regions (Fig. 6B, D). The superomarginal plates also form a much broader periphery (20% of “r”) than the one in A. affinis, which forms a much narrower marginal border (only 11% of “r”).</p><p>Occurrence/Distribution. President Jackson Seamount B and C. North Pacific. 1975– 1742 m.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87B8FFB6FF9F8776ABDFFE7EFD12	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Mah, Christopher L.	Mah, Christopher L. (2025): New Australian deep-sea Goniasteridae (Asteroidea; Valvatacea). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 84: 49-88, DOI: 10.24199/j.mmv.2025.84.02, URL: https://doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.2025.84.02
03DD87B8FFB4FF9F84D0ADD9FF02F9E0.text	03DD87B8FFB4FF9F84D0ADD9FF02F9E0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bathyceramaster Mah 2016	<div><p>Bathyceramaster Mah, 2016 .</p><p>Mah 2016: 105; 2022: 31</p><p>Diagnosis (modified from Mah, 2016). Abactinal plates tabulate, low to moderate in height with fasciolar grooves, variably shallow to well-developed plates lacking stellate bases. Abactinal, marginal, actinal surfaces covered by densely arranged polygonal to round granules. Bald patch on marginal plates present on a minority of taxa, absent on most. Body stellate, many species with well-developed arms (R/ r = 1.8–4.0).</p><p>Comments. Bathyceramaster was designated to accommodate “ Mediaster” elegans, which lacked the characteristic radiating internal processes present at the base of its abactinal plates that defined typological Mediaster (Mah 2016) . Ceramaster is similar to Mediaster, but the species in question, “ Mediaster ” elegans, lacked characters consistent with typological Ceramaster species (i.e. C. granularis and related). Ultimately, the designation of Bathyceramaster not only accommodated “ Mediaster ” elegans, but also came to include six other species, which are also present primarily in deep-sea settings (greater than 1000 m).</p><p>Morphology in Bathyceramaster is, for goniasterids, very generalised, including abutted polygonal to round abactinal plates, fasciolar grooves present primarily around papular regions, widespread granular coverings on the abactinal, marginal and actinal surface, and weak stellate to stellate body shape.</p><p>Bathyceramaster species, including single species such as Bathyceramaster teres occur widely and have so far, been recorded from the Atlantic, Pacific, and now the Indian Ocean.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87B8FFB4FF9F84D0ADD9FF02F9E0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Mah, Christopher L.	Mah, Christopher L. (2025): New Australian deep-sea Goniasteridae (Asteroidea; Valvatacea). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 84: 49-88, DOI: 10.24199/j.mmv.2025.84.02, URL: https://doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.2025.84.02
03DD87B8FFB4FF818775AD41FEF7FAC0.text	03DD87B8FFB4FF818775AD41FEF7FAC0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bathyceramaster tasmanensis Mah 2025	<div><p>Bathyceramaster tasmanensis n. sp.</p><p>Figures 7A–E</p><p>Material Examined. Holotype. NMV F270799. Central north 1000 Tasmanian seamounts, 44º 09' 11" S, 147º 11' 42" E, 999.8–1038.4 m, Coll.A.Williams, A.A. Weber and R-L. Erickson, RV Investigator, 27 November 2018. 1 wet spec. R = 4.9 r = 2.7.</p><p>Paratypes. NMV F270801 . <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=147.195&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-44.153057" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 147.195/lat -44.153057)">Central</a> north 1000 Tasmanian seamounts, 44º 09' 11" S, 147º 11' 42" E, 999.8–1038.4 m, Coll. A. Williams, A.A. Weber and R-L. Erickson , RV Investigator, 27 November 2018. 4 wet specs . R = 5.8 r = 3.3; R = 5.2 r = 3.1; R = 5.1 r = 3.0; R = 4.6 r = 2.4</p><p>Etymology. This species is named for the type collection locality in the Tasman Sea.</p><p>Diagnosis. Body weakly stellate to stellate, R/r = 1.67–1.9, arms triangular, broad at base, disk confluent with arms. Arm tips blunt. Interradial arcs weakly curved. Abactinal plates weakly tabulate, polygonal, the largest being hexagonal, surface flat covered by polygonal granules, 4 to 30, peripheral granules more rounded overall, but weakly angular in shape along radial regions, all widely spaced on each plate surface. No radial stellate radiating ossicles on abactinal plate bases. No pedicellariae. Marginal plates wide, 30–32 per interradius, pronounced forming 20% of distance “r”. Both series covered by granules, round, abundant but evenly spaced. Actinal plates with granules, 4 to 15 present on each plate surface, fasciolar grooves shallow but present. Furrow spines 5 to 6, mostly 6, blunt tipped, quadrate in cross section, in straight to palmate series. Subambulacral spines short, blunt, granular in two series of 3 to 4, all widely spaced.</p><p>Comments. Placement of this species was difficult owing its generalised appearance with observed characters suggesting placement in Mediaster and Ceramaster . It lacks the internal radiating abactinal plates diagnostic for Mediaster and Ceramaster, shows better developed fasciolar grooves, and shows better developed tabulae as defined herein. Complete granule cover present on the abactinal, marginal and actinal surfaces, but widespread granules are present in several goniasterid taxa. The disparity between deeper radial fasciolar grooves versus weakly developed to absent fasciolar grooves interradially was also observed as a diagnostic character for Bathyceramaster, suggesting placement pending further data.</p><p>Occurrence/Distribution. Tasmanian Seamounts, South Pacific, 999.8–1038.4 m</p><p>Description. Body weakly stellate to stellate, R/r = 1.67–1.9, arms triangular, broad at base, disk confluent with arms. Arm tips blunt. Interradial arcs weakly curved (Fig. 7A, D).</p><p>Abactinal plates polygonal with more strongly hexagonal shaped plates present radially (Fig. 7B). Plates smaller, densely arranged, more irregular interradially adjacent to superomarginal contact. Abactinal plate surface flattened, continuing to arm terminus. Plates covered by granules, 4 to 30, mostly 10–18, greater than 5 count along a 1.0 mm line. Peripheral granules, approximately 3 per side mostly round to polygonal, but rhomboid and narrow around radial regions. Fasciolar grooves present proximally and around radial regions, but more weakly developed to absent interradially. No radiating stellate ossicles on plate base. Superomarginal plates forming dorsal-facing boundary, approximately 20% of distance “r.” Madreporite quadrate in shape, flanked by four adjacent plates. No pedicellariae observed.</p><p>Superomarginal plates wide, 30–32 per interradius, widest interradially becoming more squarish distally along arms (Fig. 7A, C). Marginal plate surface completely covered by coarse, round granules, approximately 50–90, evenly spaced. Inferomarginal plates with identical complete round granules. No pedicellariae.</p><p>Actinal region with 4 to 5 full series in chevron formation, but only adambulacral series extending along arm (Fig. 7D, E). Plates round to irregularly polygonal in shape. Fasciolar grooves present, shallow. Plates covered by granules, 4 to 15, evenly spaced. Plates smaller, more irregular with fewer granules distally, at contact with inferomarginal plates.</p><p>Furrow spines 5 to 6, mostly 6, blunt tipped, quadrate in cross section, in straight to palmate series (Fig. 7E, F). Subambulacral spines short, blunt, granular in two series of 3 to 4, all widely spaced. Oral plate furrow spines, 11 with a further spine (total of 2) projecting into mouth from each side. Spines are blunt, quadrate in cross-section. Five to six spines present on either side of central oral plate diastema (Fig. 7E), further spines on oral plate decreasing in size, shape becoming more similar to those on remainder of actinal plate surface, widely spaced.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87B8FFB4FF818775AD41FEF7FAC0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Mah, Christopher L.	Mah, Christopher L. (2025): New Australian deep-sea Goniasteridae (Asteroidea; Valvatacea). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 84: 49-88, DOI: 10.24199/j.mmv.2025.84.02, URL: https://doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.2025.84.02
03DD87B8FFAAFF8384D0AA09FAB8FCE2.text	03DD87B8FFAAFF8384D0AA09FAB8FCE2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bathyceramaster teres Mah 2022	<div><p>Bathyceramaster teres Mah, 2022 .</p><p>Figures 8A–E</p><p>Mah 2022:36, Fig. 12A–G</p><p>Material Examined. WAM Z100655. Ningaloo, Western Australia. 21º 50› 6» S, 112º 55› 35» E, 2535.3 m. Coll. Wilson N, Rouse, G., Kirkendale, L., Ritchie, J. aboard RV Falkor March 2020. 1 wet spec . R = 2.7 r = 1.7</p><p>WAM Z 110275. 203 km WNW Koks Island outside of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=111.32941&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.00176" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 111.32941/lat -24.00176)">Gascoyne Marine Park</a>, Western Australia, 24º 0' 6.336" S, 111º 19' 45.8796" E, 2014.0 m. Coll. B. Alvarez, K. M. Naughton, K. Moore, C. Untiedt, 16 December 2022 . CSIRO 10064864. 1 wet spec . R = 3.3 r = 1.1.</p><p>WAM Z110010. Gascoyne, Western Australia 21º 18› 25.8732› S, 112º 17› 25.7136» E, 2010 m. Coll. B. Alvarez, K. M. Naughton, K. Moore, C. Untiedt, 29 November 2022 , CSIRO 10051180. 1 wet spec. R =1.5 r=0.6 .</p><p>WAM Z 110274. 203 km WNW Koks Island outside of Gascoyne Marine Park, Western Australia 24º0› 6.336» S, 111º19› 45.8796" E, 2014 m. Coll. B. Alvarez, K. M. Naughton, K. Moore, C. Untiedt, 16 December 2022 . CSIRO 10064863 2 wet specs. R = 1.8 r = 0.6 R = 2.2 r = 1.0</p><p>WAM Z 110276. 203 km WNW Koks Island outside of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=111.32941&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.00176" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 111.32941/lat -24.00176)">Gascoyne Marine Park</a>, Western Australia 24º 0' 6.336" S, 111º 19' 45.8796" E, 2014 m. Coll. B. Alvarez, K. M. Naughton, K. Moore, C. Untiedt, 16 December 2022. 3 wet specs . R = 3.6 r = 1.5, R = 3.3 r = 1.3 R = 3.2 r = 1.2.</p><p>NMV F241946. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=154.068&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.325306" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 154.068/lat -25.325306)">Off Fraser Island</a>, Queensland, Australia, 25°19'31.1"S 154°04'04.8"E, 2342–2350 m. Coll. Tim O’Hara et al. IN 2017 V 03 abyss Marine Invertebrates Team, 6 Nov. 2017. 1 wet spec . R = 3.7 r = 1.5</p><p>NMV F307965. Cocos (Keeling) Islands, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=96.382225&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.552778" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 96.382225/lat -13.552778)">Indian Ocean Territory</a>, Santa Ridge. 13º 33' 42" S to 13º 33' 10" S to 96º 22' 6" E to 96º 22' 56" E, 2418– 2156 m. Coll. O’Hara et al. 25 Oct 2022, 1 wet spec . R = 3.5 r = 1.2</p><p>WAM Z 110102. 147 km WNW of Koks Island, outside Gascoyne Marine Park, 22º 16› 11.6832» S, 112º 57› 46.2672» E, 2073 m. Coll. Alvarez, B., Naughton, K.M., Moore, K., Unteidt, C. CSIRO Gascoyne 10052624, 25 November 2022, 1 wet spec. R = 2.7 r = 1.0.</p><p>Diagnosis. Body thick, weakly stellate (R/r = 1.77), interradial arcs straight to weakly curved. Lateral edge is thick and rounded. Abactinal plates tabulate, fasciolar grooves well-developed. Abactinals and marginal plates with coarse granules, abactinal plates each with four to fifty granules, most with 8 to 35 with convex surface. Superomarginal plates covered by continuous granular cover, but in Pacific specimens there are with variably quadrate to irregularly shaped bald spots. Actinal plates with dense covering of coarse granules similar to those on the abactinals. Pedicellariae tong-like, prominent on proximal adambulacral and actinal plates, with two or three valves. Furrow spines, 4 to 7 with 2 to 4 subambulacrals (mostly 3).</p><p>Living individuals orange, variably with lavender to purple coloured marginal plates.</p><p>Comments. The type specimens for this species were collected from Howland Island and Sibelius Seamount in the North Pacific. New specimens from the South Pacific and the Western Australian region in the Indian Ocean indicate remarkable new occurrence for what is apparently a wide-ranging species. This apparently suggests that this species is similar to goniasterids such as Sibogaster nieseni (Mah 2016) and porcellanasterids such as Hyphalaster inermis (Madsen, 1961) which show widespread distributions throughout deep-sea settings.</p><p>There are variations. Abactinal plates on the type series are more distinctly convex whereas those here are more weakly so. The superomarginal count in the type specimens ranges from 22 to 24 at R = 3.2 whereas those herein number approximately 30 at similar R. The granules covering proximal superomarginals but absent along distal superomarginals is present in some, e.g. WZ110102, but not all specimens. Furrow and subambulacral spination shows are consistent but with pedicellariae positioned slightly further away adjacent to the subambulacral spines the adjacent to the furrow spines in the type specimens.</p><p>Occurrence/Distribution. North Pacific. Howland Island and Sibelius Seamount, North Pacific Ocean. 2175–2439 m . South Pacific. Off Fraser Island, Queensland, Australia, Tasman Sea, 2342–2350 m .</p><p>Indian Ocean. Ningaloo, Gascoyne Marine Park, off the coast of Western Australia, Indian Ocean. 2073 m. Western Australia and Cocos (Keeling) Islands region. 2010–2418 m.</p><p>Description. Body stellate, R/r = 1.5 to 3.0, disk with surface weakly concave, arms elongate, weakly rectangular with broad tips. Arms, quadrate with rounded edges in cross-section. Disk with straight interradial arcs (Fig. 8A, D)</p><p>Abactinal plates mostly polygonal, abutted, save for those on radial regions, composed of low tabulate plates, covered by abundant granular cover, densely packed over most of abactinal surface (Fig. 8A, B). Plate surfaces round, shallow fasciolar grooves present. Granules, round to polygonal, forming dense surface, approximately 6 granules along a 1.0 mm line count, covering obscures boundary contact between proximal adjacent plates on disk centre. Granules form distinct, close-set cover interradially on disk and along lateral sides along arms. Most abactinal plates covered by polygonal granules, 10 to 25 variably crowded to widely spaced. Abactinal plates narrow along arms from approximately five series across arm base to 2 or 3 distally Papular and radial areas extend down arm, nearly to arm tip, tips of these plates round to polygonal. Plates on papular and radial areas with angular peripheral granules, trapezoid in shape, distinctly different from peripheral granules on other plates. Weakly hexagonal plate outlines observable on proximal arm regions, these with granules, 10–30, mostly 20 evenly distributed on plate surface. Interradial regions particularly dense. Plates more evident along arms in approximately 6 to 8 series. Madreporite triangular, flanked by three adjacent plates, sulci well-developed. Small forcep-like pedicellariae with wide valves present on a minority of plates, but variably sent on some specimens (e.g. WZ110102).</p><p>Marginal plates, variably approximately 11 to 16 per arm side, 22 to 32 per interradius with lateral facing, quadrate, elongate interradially with more square-shaped plates along arm (Fig. 9A, C). Presence of granulation varies, WZ110102 with proximalmost granular cover, but subsequent marginal plates along disk and arms with a bare, irregular to quadrate region, bare, raised and surrounded by granules. These bare regions become largest distally, forming smooth, bald convex surface adjacent to terminal plate. Superomarginal and inferomarginal plate surfaces covered by granules, 20–60, widely but evenly spaced, with lateral facing (Fig. 8C). Some marginal plates lacking bare spots. Granule covering is dense and continuous from abactinal and actinal surface and obscures plate boundaries. Abactinal-lateral and actinolateral edges, rounded. No pedicellariae on marginal plates. Terminal plate round to triangular in outline, surface bare.</p><p>Actinal surface small, approximately 2 to 4 full series in chevron arrangement with irregular plates present adjacent to inferomarginals, limited to disk, absent from arms (Fig. 8D, E). Plates quadrate in shape, completely covered by granules, 8–16, mostly 12–14) per plate, variably with round to pointed surface. Granules more widely spaced proximally becoming more closely arranged forming a denser cluster closer to the actinolateral surface. Pedicellariae present, approximately 10 to 20 per interradius, paddle-shaped most with 2 valves, but exceptionally 3-valved pedicellariae present, widely spaced from one another.</p><p>Furrow spines 4 to 6, mostly 5 in palmate arrangement, each spine with blunt, round tips, round in cross-section (Fig. 8E). Subambulacral spines, 3 to 4, mostly 3 set off from furrow spines by distinct space. Second subambulacral series, 2 to 3, mostly 3, these spines approximately half the height of the preceding series with a final series of pointed granules on plate surface adjacent to actinal plate contact. All subambulacral spines and granules widely spaced from one another. A single paddle pedicellariae present adjacent to the furrow but separated by a distinct field, blunt spines present adjacent to pedicellariae. Pedicellariae with elongate forceps like valves on 1 to 4 proximal adambulacral plates adjacent to the oral plates. Oral plate with 9 to 10 furrow spines, one blunt spine enlarged, quadrate in cross-section and directed into the mouth, thus a total of two enlarged spines per interradius directed into the mouth. Oral plate with five paired spine-like granules, terminating with sharp tips present along either side of diastema between oral plates. These spines largest proximally decreasing in size adjacent to the actinal surface. Approximately 3 to 7 other short, angular granules present on oral plate surface.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87B8FFAAFF8384D0AA09FAB8FCE2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Mah, Christopher L.	Mah, Christopher L. (2025): New Australian deep-sea Goniasteridae (Asteroidea; Valvatacea). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 84: 49-88, DOI: 10.24199/j.mmv.2025.84.02, URL: https://doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.2025.84.02
03DD87B8FFA8FF858775ACEAFB6EFED4.text	03DD87B8FFA8FF858775ACEAFB6EFED4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bathyceramaster wami Mah 2025	<div><p>Bathyceramaster wami n. sp.</p><p>Figures 9A–E</p><p>Material Examined. Holotype. WAM Z110181. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=112.806015&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-23.155907" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 112.806015/lat -23.155907)">Gascoyne Marine Reserve</a> 23º 9' 21.2688" S, 112º 48' 21.654" E, 992.0 m. Coll. B. Alvarez, K.M. Naughton, K. Moore, C. Untiedt, 9 December 2022, CSIRO 10056099, 1 wet spec. R = 6.2 r = 2.3</p><p>Etymology. This species is named for the Western Australian Museum.</p><p>Diagnosis. Abactinal, marginal granules large, coarse, 3 counted along a 1.0 mm line. Marginal plates 16 per arm side, 32 total from arm tip to arm tip. Granular cover continuous over abactinal, marginal, actinal surfaces. Abactinal granules along the plate surface of tabulae, tightly articulated, with granules in some areas forming an almost solid surface. Furrow spines 3–5, blunt, subambulacral spines 2 to 3, in two series, each twice the thickness of the furrow spines.</p><p>Comments. A species distinguished by the large, course granules forming a relatively abundant and continuous covering on the abactinal, marginal and actinal surfaces, as well as the distinct marginal plates forming a rolled edge. The dense abactinal covering is similar to that of the North Pacific Bathyceramaster elegans, which differs from Bathyceramaster wami n. sp. in having many more furrow spines, 9 to 15, much finer and smaller granules, and a much more stellate shape (R/ r=3.7 to 4.9).</p><p>Occurrence/Distribution. Gascoyne Marine Reserve, Western Australia, Indian Ocean. 992.0 m .</p><p>Description. Body stout, stellate in shape (R/r = 2.69), arms triangular in outline, thick, broadly trapezoidal in cross-section (Fig. 9A, D). Arm tips upturned.</p><p>Abactinal surface arched. Surface composed of closely articulated, short tabulate plates. Tabular surfaces quadrate, hexagonal to irregularly polygonal. Surface covered by coarse, polygonal-shaped granules, 4 to 12, approximately 3 present along a 1.0 mm count, ranging from a flush flat surface to a convex plate surface, each displaying a very homogeneous appearance (Fig. 9A–B). Granules along the plate surface of these tabulae, tightly articulated, with granules in some areas forming an almost solid surface. These are more prevalent centrally on the disk with more weakly articulated tabulae distally, especially interradially adjacent to the contact with the superomarginal plates. Papulae not observed. Madreporite strongly convex with polygonal granules forming a ring around the base of the plate. Pedicellariae, small, near granule-size, paddle-shaped, embedded among plates near contact with superomarginal series.</p><p>Marginal plates 16 per arm side, 32 total per interradius (arm tip to arm tip) (Fig. 9A, C). Individual plates quadrate, especially interradially becoming slightly wider distally. Overall marginal plate series round in appearance, “rolled” with lateral edges from abactinal and actinal plate series rounded where they form angular contact with the marginal plates. Superomarginal and inferomarginal plates articulated more 1:1 interradially becoming more offset and forming zigzag contact which is more prominent distally along arm. Superomarginal and inferomarginal plate surfaces covered by coarse granules, approximately 40–150, each polygonal in shape, closely but evenly spaced, forming a continuous layer with granules from the abactinal surface. Granules coarse, approximately 3 along a 1.0 mm line, covering all plate surfaces along the arm. A discrete series, slightly larger than those centrally, present around each plate surface periphery, approximately 10 to 40 per side. Inferomarginal plates wide, larger than superomarginal plates with 40–200 granules covering surface, identical in overall size, shape to those covering superomarginal plate surface. Terminal plate triangular with smooth surface, no spines. Pedicellariae absent from marginal plate surface.</p><p>Actinal surface large with three to four full series in chevron formation with a single actinal series extending onto the arm and an irregular number array of these distally adjacent to contact with inferomarginal plates (Fig. 9D). Each plate quadrate in shape, covered by coarse, round granules, widely spaced. Surficial granules 25–50, granular cover identical to those on abactinal and marginal plates, obscuring plate boundaries.</p><p>Furrow spines, 3 to 5, mostly 3 or 4, blunt-tipped, quadrate in cross-section, palmate to straight in formation, widely spaced (Fig. 9E). Two rows of subambulacral spines set off from furrow spines by distinct diastema, first row composed of mostly 2, exceptionally 3, spines, approximately twice the thickness of the furrow spines, forming a nearly straight line along the adambulacral series. The second subambulacral series composed of approximately 2 to 3 spines, shorter spines similar in size, height to granules on actinal plate surface, triangular to quadrate in cross-section. All widely spaced.</p><p>Oral plates with furrow spines, 8, quadrate in cross-section with a ninth spine directed into mouth (Fig. 9D, E). Five blunt, thick spines, each triangular in cross-section present along either side of the diastema between oral plates. Additional oral plate spines, 5 to 9 on plate surface, similar in appearance to oral furrow spines. First adambulacral plate with distinct forceps like pedicellariae.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87B8FFA8FF858775ACEAFB6EFED4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Mah, Christopher L.	Mah, Christopher L. (2025): New Australian deep-sea Goniasteridae (Asteroidea; Valvatacea). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 84: 49-88, DOI: 10.24199/j.mmv.2025.84.02, URL: https://doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.2025.84.02
03DD87B8FFAEFF858775AE14FB9BFB28.text	03DD87B8FFAEFF858775AE14FB9BFB28.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ceramaster Verrill 1899	<div><p>Ceramaster Verrill, 1899 .</p><p>Tosia (Ceramaster) Verrill, 1899: 161</p><p>Ceramaster Fisher, 1906: 1054; 1911: 162, 204; Verrill, 1914: 289; Koehler, 1924: 173; Mortensen 1927: 80; Djakonov, 1950: 38; Tortonese and A.M. Clark, 1956: 347; Halpern, 1970b: 62; 1970c: 212; 1970: 62; Downey, 1973: 49; McKnight, 1973: 178; Downey, 1973: 49; A.M. Clark and Courtman-Stock, 1976: 61; Clark and Downey, 1992: 231; Downey in Clark and Downey, 1992: 231; Mah, 2011:5, 2016: 112.</p><p>Philonaster Koehler, 1909: 78 (type species Pentagonaster [ Philonaster] mortenseni Koehler, 1909).</p><p>Tosiaster Verrill, 1914: 1054 .</p><p>Diagnosis. Body outline pentagonal in most (i.e. R/r = 1.1–1.5) with some becoming more stellate. Abactinal plates tabulate, granules present on abactinal plates, marginals, actinal plates. Fasciolar grooves present among abactinal, marginal plates. Bare “patch” on dorsal facing of superomarginal plates on most species</p><p>Comments. As has been summarised herein, Ceramaster, as historically recognised is likely paraphyletic, including multiple species whose morphology suggest distinct groupings within the nominal “ Ceramaster ” as described by Verrill (1899). Full comments on the division of Ceramaster into Alloceramaster nov. gen. are included under the Goniasteridae heading. As iterated elsewhere, Ceramaster herein is restricted largely to those taxa most similar to the typological C. granularis, which includes those species showing affinities to the wide ranging C. patagonicus . Fossils, which are largely based on individual ossicles were not considered.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87B8FFAEFF858775AE14FB9BFB28	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Mah, Christopher L.	Mah, Christopher L. (2025): New Australian deep-sea Goniasteridae (Asteroidea; Valvatacea). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 84: 49-88, DOI: 10.24199/j.mmv.2025.84.02, URL: https://doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.2025.84.02
03DD87B8FFAEFF858775ABB0FA45FA59.text	03DD87B8FFAEFF858775ABB0FA45FA59.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudoceramaster glasbyi (McKnight 1993) Mah 2025	<div><p>Pseudoceramaster glasbyi (McKnight, 1993) nov. comb.</p><p>Only one species, Ceramaster glasbyi McKnight, 1993 was considered significantly different from other members of the C. patagonicus / granularis group, given its lack of well-developed fasciolar grooves and stellate shape. Review of the description suggests that placement within Pseudoceramaster Jangoux, 1981 is appropriate, especially given the modification of Pseudoceramaster ’s boundaries to include shallow or weakly developed papular fasciolar channels (Mah and Fujita, 2024).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87B8FFAEFF858775ABB0FA45FA59	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Mah, Christopher L.	Mah, Christopher L. (2025): New Australian deep-sea Goniasteridae (Asteroidea; Valvatacea). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 84: 49-88, DOI: 10.24199/j.mmv.2025.84.02, URL: https://doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.2025.84.02
03DD87B8FFAEFF878775A966FBB5F8E9.text	03DD87B8FFAEFF878775A966FBB5F8E9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ceramaster fortis Mah 2025	<div><p>Ceramaster fortis n. sp.</p><p>Figures 10A–F</p><p>Material Examined. Holotype. WAM Z110161. Gascoyne Marine Park, Western Australia, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=113.73698&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.000046" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 113.73698/lat -22.000046)">Indian Ocean</a>, 22º 0' 0.1656" S, 113º 44' 13.1316" E, 794.0 m. Coll. B. Alvarez, K. M. Naughton, K. Moore and C. Unteidt. 8 December 2022, Gascoyne 10055572. 1 wet spec. R = 10.8 r = 6.5</p><p>Etymology. The species epithet fortis is derived for the Latin for “strong”, alluding to this species’ particularly stout and well-developed skeleton.</p><p>Diagnosis. Body stout, thick, weakly stellate (R/r = 1.66), arms upturned, broadly triangular in shape. Disk large, interradial arcs weakly curved to straight. Abactinal plates tabulate. Each plate covered with polygonal, well-developed, coarse granules, 4–18 around periphery, angular, 3–20 present in central surface. Fasciolar grooves well developed. Superomarginal plates, 13–14 per side, 26–28 per interradius, surface covered with coarse, round granules, close-set approximately 3 count along a 1.0 mm line. Superomarginal surface completely covered with no bare region. Actinal region large, with up to 15 full series in chevron-like arrangement. Plate surface covered by large, coarse, round to polygonal granules. Furrow spines, 5 to 9. Subambulacral spines and granules in two to three irregularly arranged series. Subambulacral spines closely arranged, 4 to 5, two to three times as thick as the furrow spines,</p><p>Comments. A species that appears to be a member of the C. patagonicus group within Ceramaster based on the coarse and strongly angular granules present on the abactinal table, the well-developed granulation present on the marginal plates and the well-developed fasciolar grooves present among the abactinal plates. The skeleton in this species is heavily developed.</p><p>This species differs from C. patagonicus and Ceramaster australis H.E.S. Clark, 2001 in that the superomarginal surface is completely covered in granules, the distinct convex to raised bare patch present on the superomarginal plate surface in other species is absent. There are large angular granules present, especially on the periphery of the tabulate plates, 4 to 18 versus the smaller granules in C. patagonicus with 8 to 80 total. C. australis further differs in showing significantly smaller and differently shaped peripheral granules and much fewer superomarginal plates per interradius (n = 19 at R = 4.2) versus 26–28 (R = 10.8) in C. fortis n. sp. Superomarginal plates on C. australis are much more tumid, strongly convex in cross-section. C. fortis, displays greater numbers of furrow spines, 5 to 9 versus 3 to 4 on C. patagonicus .</p><p>C. fortis n. sp. is most similar to the South African Ceramaster trispinosus with which it shares the coarse abactinal and actinal granules, the granular cover over the superomarginal and inferomarginal plates, and the stout skeletal construction. It differs in having 5 to 9 furrow spines versus 3 furrow spines in C. trispinosus, which are much shorter than those of C. trispinosus . The subambulacral spines are much thicker and blockier than those of C. trispinosus .</p><p>Occurrence/Distribution. Gascoyne Marine Park, Western Australia, Indian Ocean, 794 m.</p><p>Description. Body stout, thick, weakly stellate (R/r = 1.66), arms upturned, broadly triangular in shape. Disk large, interradial arcs weakly curved to straight (Fig. 10A, E).</p><p>Abactinal surface strongly tabulate, completely covered by closely abutted tabulate plates. Each plate covered with polygonal, well-developed, coarse granules, 4–18 around periphery, 3–20 present in central surface (Fig. 10B, C). Approximately 2 count along a 1.0 mm line. Granules closely arranged, but evenly distributed on plate. Radial regions arched, interradial regions with shallow valleys. Abactinal plates more densely arranged interradially than on radial arm regions. Pedicellariae, elongate paddle-shaped, present on 40–50% of plates overall but with slightly higher numbers present on radial regions. When present pedicellariae located on central surface surrounded by granules. Fasciolar areas well-developed but especially so along proximal radial regions along arms. Madreporite pentagonal, strongly convex with well-developed sulci.</p><p>Marginal plates approximately 13–14 per arm side, 26 to 28 per interradius, with predominantly lateral facing (Fig. 10A, D). Superomarginals quadrate in shape, surface flat becoming more convex distally adjacent to arm tip. Superomarginals offset with inferomarginals forming zigzag contact between them. Superomarginal plate surface covered with coarse, round granules, close-set approximately 3 counts along a 1.0 mm line (Fig. 10D). Superomarginal and inferomarginal plate surfaces with 40–60 granules, quadrate to shield-shaped present in a single series around plate periphery. Central region with 100–300 round granules, present on superomarginal plates especially those interradially with granule number decreasing with smaller plate size distally along the arm. Pedicellariae, elongate paddle-shaped, 1 to 4, similar to those on abactinal surface present on a one or two of the total number of superomarginal plates per interradius. No bald spots. Inferomarginal contact with actinal intermediate region irregularly convex, especially interradially.</p><p>Actinal intermediate areas large, approximately 15 full series of actinal plates in chevron formation with multiple irregular series present interradially adjacent to the inferomarginal plate contact (Fig. 10E). Individual plates quadrate proximally adjacent to adambulacral plate series becoming more irregularly polygonal in shape adjacent to contact with inferomarginal plates. A closely arranged cover of polygonal to round coarse granules, approximately 2 granules counted along a 1.0 mm line. Granules variably rounded to weakly pointed.</p><p>Adambulacral armature closely arranged, crowded. Furrow spines 5 to 9, proximalmost adambulacral plates with five, then increasing 7 to 9 distally then decreasing to approximately five adjacent to arm tip. Furrow spines, blunt, with quadrate tips, arranged in strongly palmate to straight series (Fig. 10F). Spines quadrate to triangular in cross-section. A large space separating furrow spines from subambulacral spines. Subambulacral spines and granules in two to three irregularly arranged series. Subambulacral spines closely arranged, 4 to 5, two to three times as thick as the furrow spines, immediately adjacent to furrow spines with club-like blunt tips. Subsequent subambulacral spine series, 3 to 4, approximately half the height of the subambulacral spines but as thick as prior series, quadrate to triangular in cross-section. Subsequent granules on adambulacral plates, polygonal but identical in size with granules on adjacent actinal surface, more widely spaced.</p><p>Oral plate furrow spines 12–14, quadrate to polygonal in cross-section, blunt tipped (Fig. 10E). Approximately 8 to 10 paired quadrate granules present along edge of each ridge adjacent to diastema. Oral plate surface with further 8–10 polygonal granules. First adambulacral plate with an elongate pedicellariae present adjacent to oral plate.</p><p>Cardiac stomach extended.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87B8FFAEFF878775A966FBB5F8E9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Mah, Christopher L.	Mah, Christopher L. (2025): New Australian deep-sea Goniasteridae (Asteroidea; Valvatacea). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 84: 49-88, DOI: 10.24199/j.mmv.2025.84.02, URL: https://doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.2025.84.02
03DD87B8FFADFF8684CFAE2FFA5DF9D6.text	03DD87B8FFADFF8684CFAE2FFA5DF9D6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Kokosaster acanthodes Mah 2025	<div><p>Kokosaster acanthodes nov. gen. nov. sp.</p><p>Figures 11A–G</p><p>Material Examined. Holotype. NMV F307960. Cocos (Keeling) Islands, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=96.971115&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.239167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 96.971115/lat -12.239167)">Indian Ocean Territory</a>, 12º 13 ‘ 32" S, - 12º 14' 21" S to 96º 57' 36" E, - 96º 58' 16" E 1113–1343 m. Coll. O’Hara et al. RV Investigator 17 October 2022. 1 wet spec. R = 3.9 r = 2.3</p><p>Paratypes. NMV F307959. Cocos (Keeling) Islands <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=96.971115&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.239167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 96.971115/lat -12.239167)">Territory</a>, Australia. 12º 13' 32" S, 12º 14' 21" S to 96º 57' 36" E, - 96º 58' 16 “ E, 1113–1343 m. Coll. Tim O’Hara et al. IN 2022 V 08IOT 2, Marine Invertebrates Team, 17 October 2022. 1 wet spec . R = 3.8 r = 2.1</p><p>NMV F307961. Cocos (Keeling) Islands <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=96.971115&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-12.239167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 96.971115/lat -12.239167)">Territory</a>, Australia. 12º 13' 32" S, 12º 14' 21" S to 96º 57' 36" E, - 96º 58' 16" E, 1113–1343 m. Coll. Tim O’Hara et al. IN 2022 V 08IOT 2, Marine Invertebrates Team, 17 October 2022. 1 wet spec . R = 3.5 r = 1.8.</p><p>Etymology. The genus, Kokosaster is named for the type locality, the Cocos Islands (spelled Pulu Kokos in Cocos Malay). The species epithet acanthodes alludes to the numerous spines present on the actinal plates.</p><p>Diagnosis. Body stout, inflexible, weakly stellate, R/r = 1.69, arms wide at base, arm tips blunt. Interradial arcs weakly curved. Abactinal plates flat to weakly convex covered by granules, 5 to 30, mostly 15 to 20, Peripheral granules elongate different from round/irregularly polygonal granules elsewhere. Marginal plates 18/20 superomarginal/inferomarginal. Superomarginal surface bare, inferomarginals bare distally, but with granules proximally. Granules present interstitially between superomarginals and inferomarginals. Actinal plates covered with short spinelets, 1 to 6, mostly 4 to 5 conical present centrally on each plate especially on those close to inferomarginal plates. Furrow spines 6, with two series of 3 conical subambulacral spines, widely spaced.</p><p>Comments. Characters on Kokosaster acanthodes nov. gen. nov. sp. appear intermediate between other pentagonal shaped Goniasteridae, such as Peltaster (granular covered abactinal plates) and Alloceramaster (smooth superomarginal plate surface, differing peripheral granules around the abactinal plates of the papular region). The actinal spination, showing spines with blunt tips as expressed on Kokosaster could not be located on other goniasterid taxa, in contrast to taxa such as Calliaster and Calliderma that show distinct, pointed conical spines present on the actinal surface (Fig. 11F). However, similar types of spines are found on the actinolateral boundary of the inferomarginal plates on Ahuastra gfoei (Mah, 2020) .</p><p>Occurrence/Distribution. Cocos Keeling Islands, Indian Ocean Territory, 1113–1343 m.</p><p>Description. Body rigid, weakly stellate, R/r = 1.69–1.8, arms wide at base, arm tips blunt. Interradial arcs weakly curved (Fig. 11A).</p><p>Abactinal plates polygonal with more plates more distinctly hexagonal along radial regions, more irregularly polygonal and smaller shaped interradially adjacent to the superomarginal plates. Abactinal plates restricted to disk, absent from distalmost arm regions where superomarginal plates are abutted. Plates flat to weakly convex, covered by granules, 5 to 30 flattened, weakly polygonal, close but evenly arranged in linear series (Fig. 11A–C). Where granules are absent, shallow concavities are present. Peripheral granules of two types, weakly polygonal granules present around interradial plates and elongate, rod-shaped granules, approximately 25–30 total, 5 per side, present around radial plates, papular regions in three series. Papulae around proximal arm regions, absent distally and interradially. Madreporite quadrate in shape, flanked by four plates. Small paddle-shaped pedicellariae, approximately 1.0 mm in length, variably present.</p><p>Superomarginal plates 16 to 18 per interradius (arm tip to arm tip) at R = 3.5, 20 inferomarginal plates (Fig. 11A, D). Superomarginal plates wide, blocky curved abactinal-lateral edge, forming approximately 13% of the total “r” distance (0.3/2.3). Distalmost four superomarginals abutted along arm midline. Superomarginal plate surface completely bare on dorsal and lateral surface. Inferomarginal plates with ventralfacing bare patch, covered by granules on lateral surface. Peripheral granules, round present in interstitial regions, forming two to four series especially at contact between superomarginal and inferomarginal plates. No pedicellariae.</p><p>Actinal plates in four, full series, chevron-like series. Plates quadrate in shape with rounded edges. Fasciolar grooves shallow. Actinal plates with spines, blunt, short, and pointed, 1 to 6 present centrally on each plate (Fig. 11F). One paratype with much shorter spines, comparable in height to adjacent granules. Peripheral granules, approximately 3 to 4 per side, 12–18 total, each quadrate to polygonal in cross-section, shorter than actinal spines. Actinal plate surface otherwise bare. No pedicellariae. Inferomarginal plates with pointed conical spinelets similar to others on actinal plate surface on surface adjacent to actinal surface. Actinal surface adjacent to inferomarginal plates with blunt spinelets. Paddle-like pedicellariae variably present on actinal plate surface, 2 to 6, per interradius.</p><p>Furrow spines 5 to 6, mostly 6, blunt, laterally flattened, subambulacral spines in two series, three spines each, conical, pointed, widely spaced with central spine most prominent (Fig. 11G). Further adambulacral granules, 4 to 8, short, irregularly pointed to rough. Oral plates with furrow spines, 12 and a single prominent spine, quadrate in shape, blunt tipped directed into the mouth (a total of 2 per interradius). Oral plate surface with 7 prominent elongate pointed spines (identical to subambulacral spines) and 7 shorter spines, quadrate in cross-section, paired on either side of the central diastema between the oral plate sides. 6 to 8 granules similar to those on actinal surface on remaining oral plate surface.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87B8FFADFF8684CFAE2FFA5DF9D6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Mah, Christopher L.	Mah, Christopher L. (2025): New Australian deep-sea Goniasteridae (Asteroidea; Valvatacea). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 84: 49-88, DOI: 10.24199/j.mmv.2025.84.02, URL: https://doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.2025.84.02
03DD87B8FFADFF8684CFAF86FD55FEA1.text	03DD87B8FFADFF8684CFAF86FD55FEA1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Kokosaster Mah 2025	<div><p>Kokosaster nov. gen.</p><p>Etymology and Diagnosis. Monotypic: see below.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87B8FFADFF8684CFAF86FD55FEA1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Mah, Christopher L.	Mah, Christopher L. (2025): New Australian deep-sea Goniasteridae (Asteroidea; Valvatacea). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 84: 49-88, DOI: 10.24199/j.mmv.2025.84.02, URL: https://doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.2025.84.02
03DD87B8FFADFF88876DA916FD28FDE3.text	03DD87B8FFADFF88876DA916FD28FDE3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Litonotaster Verrill 1899	<div><p>Litonotaster Verrill 1899 .</p><p>Litonotaster Verrill 1899: 171; Fisher 1911: 165; Halpern 1969:</p><p>129, 1970: 252; 1970b: 144; Clark and Downey 1992: 249.</p><p>Diagnosis (modified from Clark and Downey 1992). Body stellate, arms short, interradial arcs weakly curved to straight. Abactinal plates flat, thin, covered with surficial and marginal granules. Secondary abactinal plates absent. Papulae few in narrow regions. Marginal plates flat, more elongate than wide, surface largely bare. Actinal surface covered by granules, Furrow spines with short, blunt spines, 4 to 8, subambulacral spines in multiple rows. Pedicellariae when present, small, excavate.</p><p>Comments. Litonotaster includes 4 species, the Atlantic, L. africanus Halpern, 1969 and L. intermedius (Perrier, 1884) as well as the East Pacific L. tumidus H.L. Clark, 1920 and the tropical North Pacific L. gfoei Mah, 2022 . All known species occur at bathyal to abyssal depths (1000 to 5000 m).</p><p>Litonotaster intermedius is highly variable and widely occurring throughout the Atlantic. Downey in Clark and Downey (1992: 250) remarked that L. africanus from the Gulf of Guinea “certainly” falls within the range of variation of L. intermedius .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87B8FFADFF88876DA916FD28FDE3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Mah, Christopher L.	Mah, Christopher L. (2025): New Australian deep-sea Goniasteridae (Asteroidea; Valvatacea). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 84: 49-88, DOI: 10.24199/j.mmv.2025.84.02, URL: https://doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.2025.84.02
03DD87B8FFA3FF8A84CFADE8FDA2FB33.text	03DD87B8FFA3FF8A84CFADE8FDA2FB33.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Litonotaster intermedius (Perrier 1894)	<div><p>Litonotaster intermedius (Perrier, 1894) .</p><p>Figures 12A–E</p><p>Pentagonaster intermedius Perrier, 1884: 243, pl. 5, figs. 5–6 (Non- Pentagonaster intermedius Alcock, 1893: 90)</p><p>Litonotaster intermedius Verrill, 1899: 172, pl. 28, figs 5–5b, H.L. Clark, 1941: 48; Madsen, 1951: 88; Halpern, 1969: 130, figs. 1B,2,3; 1970: 147; Clark and Downey, 1992: 250, pl. 59C, D.</p><p>Litonotaster rotundigranulum Halpern, 1969: 134, figs. 6–7; 1970: 252 figs 20–22, 1970b: 153, fig. 6.</p><p>Material Examined. NMV F240390 . Great Australian Bight 35º 09' 10" S, 134º 06' 32" E to 3º 10' 56" S, 134º 06' 32" E. 965–1077 m. Coll. IN2015_C02, GAB BP. 15 wet specs. R = 2.2 r = 1.0; R = 2.6 r = 1.3; R = 2.2 r = 1.1; R = 2.0 r = 1.1; R = 3.1 r = 1.6; R = 3.2 r = 1.7; R = 2.9 r = 1.5; R = 3.4 r = 1.9; R = 3.0 r = 1.5; R = 3.6 r = 2.0; R = 4.4 r = 2.3; R = 3.9 r = 2.2; R = 4.1 r = 2.2; R = 4.3 r = 2.3; R = 4.5 r = 2.4; R = 5.0 r = 2.6.</p><p>WAM Z110120. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=112.64173&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.037775" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 112.64173/lat -21.037775)">Gascoyne Marine Reserve</a>, 21º 2'15.99" S, 112º 38' 30.2316" E, 1534 m. Coll. Alvarez, B., Naughton, K.M., Moore, K., Unteidt, C. CSIRO Gascoyne 10052793, 27 Nov 2022. 1 wet spec . R = 5.4 r = 2.3.</p><p>WAM Z110036. Gascoyne Marine Reserve, 20º48'8.1612"S 111º36''55.5984" E, 2013 m. Coll. Alvarez, B., Naughton, K.M., Moore, K., Unteidt, C. CSIRO Gascoyne 10051556, 3 December 2022. 1 wet spec . R=3.8 r=2.0.</p><p>WAM Z110042 . <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=111.60339&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-20.828157" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 111.60339/lat -20.828157)">Gascoyne Marine Reserve</a>, 20º 49' 41.3616" S, 111º36'12.2256" E, 2057 m. Coll. Alvarez, B., Naughton, K.M., Moore, K., Unteidt, C. CSIRO Gascoyne 10051697, 4 Dec. 2022. 2 wet specs . R = 5.2 r = 2.3 R = 4.8 r = 2.4.</p><p>WAM Z110121. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=112.64173&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.037775" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 112.64173/lat -21.037775)">Gascoyne Marine Reserve</a>, 21º 2' 15.99" S, 112º 38' 30.2316" E, 1534 m. Coll. Alvarez, B., Naughton, K.M., Moore, K., Unteidt, C. CSIRO Gascoyne 10052794, 27 Nov. 2022 .</p><p>2 wet specs. R = 2.0 r = 1.1 R = 0.9 r = 0.6</p><p>WAM Z <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=112.47843&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.986746" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 112.47843/lat -22.986746)">110170.123 km WSW Ningaloo Reef.</a> Western Australia, 22º59'12.282"S 112º28'42.3408" E, 1451 m. Coll. Alvarez, B., Naughton, K.M., Moore, K., Unteidt, C. CSIRO Gascoyne 10055923, 9 Dec. 2022. 4 wet specs . R = 2.4 r = 1.3, RE = 3.0 r = 1.6, R = 4.2 r = 3.1, R = 4.7 r = 2.4.</p><p>WAM Z110050. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=111.72756&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-20.80335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 111.72756/lat -20.80335)">Gascoyne Marine Reserve</a>, 20º 48' 12.0672" S 111º 43' 39.2088" E, 1558 m. Coll. Alvarez, B., Naughton, K.M., Moore, K., Unteidt, C. CSIRO Gascoyne 10055923, 4 December 2022 .</p><p>8 wet specs. R = 1.1 r = 0.6, R = 2.1 r = 1.1, R = 1.9 r = 1.0 R = 2.8 r = 1.4 R = 2.8 r = 1.5, R = 1.5 R = 1.3 r = 0.7 R = 3.4 r = 1.5 R = 4.0 r = 1.9.</p><p>WAM Z110097. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=113.2247&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.37445" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 113.2247/lat -22.37445)">Gascoyne Marine Reserve</a>, 22º 22' 28.0236" S, 113º 13' 28.9272" E, 1497 m. Coll. Alvarez, B., Naughton, K.M., Moore, K., Unteidt, C. CSIRO Gascoyne 10055923, 25 November 2022. 1 wet spec . R = 5.3 r = 2.3.</p><p>Diagnosis (Based on Clark and Downey, 1992). Body stout, shape weakly stellate to stellate (R/r = 1.3–2.3), arms short, triangular. Interradial angles weakly curved to straight. Abactinal plates abutted, polygonal to quadrate, surface completely covered by round, granules, 7 to 24, variably with small central areas bare. Marginal plates 20–24, surface bare but with dense granulation around periphery and on inferomarginal surface completely covered by granules, completely covered by coarse, round granules, approximately 80–150, widely spaced. Furrow spines 3 to 8, mostly 5 to 7 in straight series. A single clamp-like pedicellariae present proximally on the adambulacral plate, remainder of plate covered by subambulacral granules in 3 loosely linear series, evenly spaced.</p><p>Comments. Characters observed on specimens from Australian waters were consistent with those observed from the Atlantic, varying in minor respects with regard to furrow spine number and granular cover, which have already recorded as being variable among Atlantic specimens. L. intermedius appears to be a primarily deep-sea goniasterid species, such as S. nieseni, which shows widespread distribution across its range.</p><p>Occurrence/Distribution. Atlantic Ocean. Gulf of Mexico, Cuba, Straits of Florida, West Indies, 1060–3530 m.</p><p>Pacific Ocean. Great Australian Bight, 965–1077 m.</p><p>Indian Ocean. Gascoyne Marine Reserve, 1451–2057 m.</p><p>Description. Body stout, shape weakly stellate to stellate (R/r = 1.3–2.3), arms short, triangular. Interradial angles weakly curved to straight (Fig. 12A).</p><p>Abactinal plates abutted, variably polygonal to quadrate with larger plates centrally becoming smaller and more irregularly shaped distally, adjacent to superomarginal contact. Plate periphery surrounded by prominent ring of quadrate granules, 7 to 24, mostly 10–15 occupying approximately 20–25% of total plate diameter. Peripheral granules directly abutted against peripheral granules of adjacent plates forming a thick boundary between them (Fig. 12B). Further granules present on plate surface contributing up to twice or even three times a granular ring around each plate. Most central plate surfaces flat to weakly convex, bare, especially those interradially, but variably, several plates on radial regions with 4 to 10 identical close-set granules present on central region presenting a densely granular appearance when present (Fig. 12B–C). These dense granular regions are especially prominent at contact between abactinal and superomarginal plates. Pedicellariae small, paddle-like similar in size to granules on plates, present on a minority of plates, perhaps 20–30% of total irregularly distributed over abactinal surface. Papulae single, present with greatest abundance on radial regions along arms, absent interradially. Madreporite approximately 3.0 mm in length, quadrate to irregularly round, flanked by abactinal plates, 4 to 8 partially obscured by 7–10 coarse granules. Sulci well developed.</p><p>Marginal plates approximately 10–12 plates per arm side, 20–24 per interradius (arm tip to arm tip at R=5.2). Distalmost two to three pairs of superomarginals abutted along midline (Fig. 12A, C). Superomarginal plates elongate becoming squarish distally along arms. Abactinal-lateral angle rounded. Inferomarginal plates larger than superomarginals especially interradially with quadrate/square shape to arm tip. Superomarginal and inferomarginal plates slightly offset forming zigzag contact between them. Superomarginal plate surface irregularly bare on abactinal surface, lateral surface covered by 10–30 coarse, round granules, widely spaced, irregularly arranged, present in 2 to 3 series covering lateral surface. Peripheral granules quadrate, approximately 10–30 per side. Inferomarginal plate surface completely covered by coarse, round granules, approximately 80–150, widely spaced. Inferomarginal plates with quadrate angles, straight line contact with superomarginal and actinal plate fields. Penultimate superomarginals compressed in size, with bare surface, terminal plate triangular with smooth surface.</p><p>Actinal plates with three complete series and incomplete irregular series adjacent to the inferomarginal plate contact (Fig. 12D–E). Plates continue from disk, attenuating to a single series approximately midway along arm. Actinal plate surface with 20–120 coarse, round granules present, widely and evenly spaced. Peripheral granules, approximately 20–50, mostly 30–40 similar to the central surface.</p><p>Furrow spines 3 to 8, mostly 5 to 7 in straight series, with decreasing number distally (Fig. 12E). Spines short, quadrate in section with blunt tips. A single clamp-like pedicellariae present proximally on the adambulacral plate, remainder of plate covered by subambulacral granules in 3 loosely linear series, widely but evenly spaced.</p><p>Oral plate furrow spines 10, forming linear series with furrow spines, quadrate in cross-section with blunt angular tips (Fig. 12D, E). Remainder of oral plate surface with approximately 10 angular. Flat granules present along either side of interradial diastema on oral plate. Remainder of oral plate surface covered by 10–20 angular granules similar to those on subambulacral surface of other plates.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87B8FFA3FF8A84CFADE8FDA2FB33	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Mah, Christopher L.	Mah, Christopher L. (2025): New Australian deep-sea Goniasteridae (Asteroidea; Valvatacea). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 84: 49-88, DOI: 10.24199/j.mmv.2025.84.02, URL: https://doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.2025.84.02
03DD87B8FFA1FF8A876DAF86FB12FAE7.text	03DD87B8FFA1FF8A876DAF86FB12FAE7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mediaster praestans Livingstone 1933	<div><p>Mediaster praestans Livingstone, 1933 .</p><p>Figure 13 A–F</p><p>Livingstone 1933: 21; H.L. Clark 1946: 83.</p><p>Material Examined. NMV F270807. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=146.20361&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-44.10611" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 146.20361/lat -44.10611)">Baseline</a> 14, Tasmanian seamounts, Tasmania, Australia. 44º 6' 22" S, 146º 12' 13" E, 940–965 m. Coll. A. Williams, A. A. Weber, and R-L. Erickson, 6 December 2018 , CSIRO. 1 wet spec. R = 2.0 r = 1.0.</p><p>Diagnosis. Number of abactinal plate rows decreasing along arm, becoming single series adjacent to arm tip. Each tabula with 10 peripheral granules, 2 to 4 centrally. Holotype with central granules 2 to 6, peripheral angular granules, 6 to 17. Marginal plates 30 per interradius, arm tip to arm tip (15 along each arm), wide, encroaching onto abactinal region. Surface covered by granules, when removed leaving numerous convex bosses. Adambulacral plates with blunt quadrate furrow spines, 7, subambulacral spines in two series, each composed of 3 blunt spines. Subambulacrals shorter adjacent to contact with actinal plates. Pedicellariae absent from all surfaces.</p><p>Comments. Characters on this specimen identify it as M. praestans Livingstone 1933 . This includes identical abactinal tabulae and adambulacral spination, similar arrangement of abactinal disk plates, and marginal plate morphology. Pedicellariae are absent. The holotype displays a more stellate shape, R /r = 2.5 versus 2.0 in the current specimen but otherwise appears consistent .</p><p>This represents the first account of this species since its description, from the northeast coast of Queensland. The holotype did not have a recorded depth, making this specimen the first to show bathymetric occurrence. Its depth, 940–965 m suggests that this species is present in deep-sea settings. This specimen was collected from Tasmanian seamounts, significantly south of the type locality off Queensland suggesting that Mediaster praestans is a widely occurring species .</p><p>Occurrence/Distribution. NE coast of Queensland, no depth information.</p><p>Tasmanian Seamounts, 940–965 m.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87B8FFA1FF8A876DAF86FB12FAE7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Mah, Christopher L.	Mah, Christopher L. (2025): New Australian deep-sea Goniasteridae (Asteroidea; Valvatacea). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 84: 49-88, DOI: 10.24199/j.mmv.2025.84.02, URL: https://doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.2025.84.02
03DD87B8FFA1FF8A84C8ABB9FE9BF8E8.text	03DD87B8FFA1FF8A84C8ABB9FE9BF8E8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mediaster Stimpson 1857	<div><p>Mediaster Stimpson, 1857 .</p><p>Mediaster . Stimpson, 1857: 530; Sladen, 1889: 263; Perrier, 1894: 377; 1896: 45; Verrill, 1899: 178; Fisher, 1911: 196; Verrill, 1914: 295; 1915: 108; Fisher, 1919: 255; Macan, 1938: 369; H.L. Clark, 1946: 83; Bernasconi, 1963: 11; 1964: 253; Halpern, 1970: 202; 1970b: 45; Clark and Downey, 1992: 251; Mah, 2018: 53.</p><p>Diagnosis. (Based on Mah, 2018). Body stellate, tabulate abactinal plates displaying internally radiating ossicles from base of each plate. Abactinal tabulae plates with granules or spinelets. Abactinal plates in most, extending to arm tip, but exceptionally with distalmost superomarginals abutting. Abactinal, marginal, actinal surface covered by granules.</p><p>Comments. Mediaster is widely occurring and includes 1 fossil and 18 living, totalling 19 species present in the Atlantic (n=2), Pacific (n=10), Indian Oceans (n=5), 1 from South Africa and one species present in both the Indian and Pacific oceans. Most species occur across a broad depth range from intertidal to 1829 m (e.g. Mah, 2016). Mah (2018) described 3 deep-sea species from the Indian Ocean. Rowe and Gates (1995) listed 3 species recorded from Australian waters, M. arcuatus (Sladen, 1889), M. australiensis H.L. Clark, 1916, and M. praestans Livingstone, 1933 .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87B8FFA1FF8A84C8ABB9FE9BF8E8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Mah, Christopher L.	Mah, Christopher L. (2025): New Australian deep-sea Goniasteridae (Asteroidea; Valvatacea). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 84: 49-88, DOI: 10.24199/j.mmv.2025.84.02, URL: https://doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.2025.84.02
03DD87B8FFA1FF8C876DAAE5FE4DFD9A.text	03DD87B8FFA1FF8C876DAAE5FE4DFD9A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nymphaster Sladen 1889	<div><p>Nymphaster Sladen, 1889 .</p><p>Nymphaster Sladen, 1885: 612 (nomen nudum; diagnosed but no species named); 1889: 294; Fisher, 1917: 167; 1919: 261; Spencer and Wright, 1966: U62; Halpern, 1970: 222; 1970: 88; Downey in Clark and Downey, 1992: 253</p><p>Dorigona Perrier, 1885: 39; 1894: 365; Koehler, 1909: 54 (Non Dorigona Gray 1866)</p><p>Diagnosis. A genus with strongly stellate body form, triangular arms with rapidly tapering, pointed tips. Abactinal surface showing weakly tabulate plates with granules covering surface. Superomarginals abutted over mid-radius along entire arm length, forming prominent frame around disk.</p><p>Comments. A widely distributed genus of Goniasteridae with 16 species in the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans with approximately a dozen fossil species, represented primarily by ossicles from Cretaceous chalks in northern Europe (e.g. Breton, 1988). Nymphaster is a genus in need of taxonomic refinement. Both the Atlantic and Indian Ocean/Australian species, N. arenatus and N. moebi, respectively, have included one or more synonyms encompassing what has been argued as variation in each as a widespread species. In contrast, Fisher (1913, 1919) described eight species of Nymphaster from the central Pacific which have not been reviewed. Variation among Nymphaster species is widespread, as has been observed in N. moebi (see Mah, 2018) and N. arenatus (Clark and Downey 1992) . Further efforts to test species boundaries are desirable, especially over widely distributed species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87B8FFA1FF8C876DAAE5FE4DFD9A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Mah, Christopher L.	Mah, Christopher L. (2025): New Australian deep-sea Goniasteridae (Asteroidea; Valvatacea). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 84: 49-88, DOI: 10.24199/j.mmv.2025.84.02, URL: https://doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.2025.84.02
03DD87B8FFA7FF8C84CFAD22FA9DF923.text	03DD87B8FFA7FF8C84CFAD22FA9DF923.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nymphaster moebi (Studer 1884)	<div><p>Nymphaster moebi (Studer, 1884) .</p><p>Figures 14A–D, 15A–D</p><p>Pentagonaster (Dorigona) Studer 1884: 30, 35 Nymphaster moebi Sladen, 1889: 869; Döderlein, 1924: 55;</p><p>Macan, 1938: 375; H.L. Clark, 1946: 87; A.M. Clark, 1993: 266</p><p>(checklist); Rowe and Gates, 1995: 67; A.M. Clark, 1993: 266 Nymphaster protentus Alcock, 1893: 95 Nymphaster basilicus Alcock, 1893: 95 Dorigona ternalis Koehler, 1909: 54, pl. viii, figs 5, 6 Dorigona ludwigi Koehler, 1909: 61, pl. ix, figs 5, 6 Dorigona belli Koehler, 1909: 58, pl. viii, figs. 2,3,4; James 1983:</p><p>89 (checklist) Nymphaster pentagonus Clark, H.L., 1916: 36 .</p><p>Material Examined. WAM Z105015. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=115.115555&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-31.906666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 115.115555/lat -31.906666)">Off Perth</a>, Western Australia, 31º 54' 24" S, 115º 6' 56" E, 534.3 m. Coll. A.M. Hosie, A. Hara, 22 Feb 2020.1 wet spec . R=8.2 r=2.2.</p><p>WAM Z110064 . <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=113.67171&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.762165" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 113.67171/lat -21.762165)">Gascoyne Marine Reserve</a> 21º 45' 43.7976" S, 113º 40' 18.1452" E, 1104.0 m. Coll. B. Alvarez, K.M. Naughton, K. Moore, C. Untied , CSIRO 10051905, 5 December 2022 . 2 wet specs. R = 7.6 r = 1.8 R = 9.2 r = 1.8.</p><p>WAM Z110082 . <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=113.5347&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.368334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 113.5347/lat -22.368334)">Gascoyne Marine Reserve</a> 22º 22' 05.9988" S, 113º 32' 04.92" E, 1075.0 m. Coll. B. Alvarez, K.M. Naughton, K. Moore, C. Untied , CSIRO, 24 November 2022 . 2 wet specs. R = 6.7 r = 1.6, R = 8.2 r = 2.3.</p><p>Diagnosis (Based on Macan, 1938 and Mah, 2018). Abactinal plates covered by coarse granules, fourteen to eighteen on carinal plates. Eight to ten superomarginals form edge around disk, approximately 12 or more Furrow spines seven, then eleven distally, compressed in palmate arrangement. Mouth plates with ten or eleven furrow spines.</p><p>Comments. This species was recently reviewed by Mah (2018) as part of a survey of west Indian Ocean Goniasteridae . Rowe and Gates (1995) previously recorded this species from Australia, including New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia, and Western Australia. Specimens reported herein are new occurrences for the region. This appears to be the only known species of Nymphaster from Australian waters.</p><p>As touched upon by Mah (2018) distinctions between this species and the Atlantic N. arenatus are poorly defined and given the propensity for deep-sea goniasterids to be distributed widely (e.g. S. nieseni) there lies the possibility for at least one wide-ranging species.</p><p>Occurrence/Distribution. Australian. Off northwest coast of Australia, New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia, Western Australia, 534–1104 m .</p><p>Indian Ocean. Madagascar, Mozambique Channel, Mascarene Islands, Off coast of Tanzania (Zanzibar Island region). 195 – 1655 m.</p><p>Description. Body stout, strongly stellate (R/r = 3.0–4.4), arms elongate, sharply triangular in shape, acutely tapering. Interradial arcs curved to straight (Figs. 14A, B; 15A, B).</p><p>Abactinal plates weakly tabulate, surface outline polygonal to round, radial and adradial plates hexagonal or nearly so (Figs 15A, B). Fasciolar grooves present around radial regions, absent interradially. Abactinal plate surface covered by coarse, round granules, 4 to 20 total, fundamentally homogeneous, but forming a single-series peripheral, widely spaced from one another, approximately, 5 to 25 with a variable number and arrangement of central granules, numbering 3 to 20. Pedicellariae not observed on abactinal surface. Papulae primarily centred around radial regions, but absent interradially. Madreporite polygonal to round, variably quadrate to hexagonal, weakly convex with well-developed sulci, flanked by four to six abactinal plates.</p><p>Superomarginal plates, abutted over midline for the nearly complete arm distance (Fig 15A, B). Arm tips on nearly all specimens broken, but pointed when present. Superomarginals per interradius, (25/60) approximately 40% of superomarginals in contact. Superomarginals elongate, with variably angular to rounded lateral edges (Fig. 14A, B, 15A, B). Superomarginal and inferomarginal plates form discrete border around abactinal surface with plates forming variably wide periphery. Superomarginal and inferomarginal surface, covered by 200– 500 polygonal, coarsely grained granules, evenly, and widely distributed over plate surface. Peripheral granules number about 12–15 along short edge, 20–30 along elongate edge. Actinolateral edge along inferomarginal series variably round to angular. No pedicellariae observed.</p><p>Actinal intermediate region large, approximately four full series in chevron formation with a small number of irregular plates present adjacent to inferomarginal contact. Individual plates variably quadrate to polygonal in shape. Surface covered by homogenous sized and shaped granules, 10–20, round, evenly spaced (Fig. 14C, D; 15C, D)</p><p>Furrow spines 8 to 9 in distinct angular arrangement (R=8.2). A discrete space separates the furrow spines from the subambulacral series behind it (Fig. 15C, D). Subambulacral spines in 2 to 3 irregular series, each number four to six, but mostly five, spines more granular approaching actinal granules in size, shape. Oral plate with approximately 10–12 furrow spines similar to identical with furrow spines on other plates. Single spine, triangular in cross-section present on each oral plate, two total for each interradius. Oral plate surface with approximately six to eight blunt spines present along the edge of each sulcus directed along the middle of the oral plate.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87B8FFA7FF8C84CFAD22FA9DF923	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Mah, Christopher L.	Mah, Christopher L. (2025): New Australian deep-sea Goniasteridae (Asteroidea; Valvatacea). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 84: 49-88, DOI: 10.24199/j.mmv.2025.84.02, URL: https://doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.2025.84.02
03DD87B8FFA7FFB1876DA9A9FEF7FD46.text	03DD87B8FFA7FFB1876DA9A9FEF7FD46.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pillsburiaster Halpern 1970	<div><p>Pillsburiaster Halpern, 1970a .</p><p>Halpern, 1970a: 2; McKnight, 1973: 180; Downey in Clark and</p><p>Downey, 1992: 258; Clark and McKnight, 2001: 102 (key).</p><p>Diagnosis. Body pentagonal in most species, weakly stellate in some (R/r = 1.4 to 2.0). Abactinal plates mound-like to flat,</p><p>weakly tabulate, arranged irregularly. Abactinal surface densely covered by numerous, coarse, spherical granules forming close clusters, obscuring plate boundaries in some species. Secondary plates present. Marginal plates numerous, 14 to 35 per interradius. Bald region, variably small to large present centrally on superomarginal plate surface, absent in one species. Furrow spines 2 to 10. Subambulacral spines 2 to 4, thick, widely spaced followed by small but coarse granules in irregular arrangement. Pedicellariae, when present, spatulate.</p><p>Comments. Pillsburiaster was described by Halpern (1970) from the Atlantic, but subsequent discoveries and taxonomic refinement have found subsequent taxa to be wide-ranging, including 10 species, three from the Indian Ocean and six from the Pacific, including the recently reassigned (Mah in prep) P. micropelta (Fisher, 1906) and the Atlantic P. geographicus Halpern, 1970.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87B8FFA7FFB1876DA9A9FEF7FD46	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Mah, Christopher L.	Mah, Christopher L. (2025): New Australian deep-sea Goniasteridae (Asteroidea; Valvatacea). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 84: 49-88, DOI: 10.24199/j.mmv.2025.84.02, URL: https://doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.2025.84.02
03DD87B8FF9AFFB384D0AD85FEADFCA5.text	03DD87B8FF9AFFB384D0AD85FEADFCA5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pillsburiaster aoteanus McKnight 1973	<div><p>Pillsburiaster aoteanus McKnight, 1973</p><p>Figures 16A–E</p><p>Pillsburiaster aoteanus McKnight, 1973: 180, fig. 5; A.M. Clark, 1993: 276; H.E.S. Clark and McKnight, 2001:100, Pl. 27; Mah, 2011: 39; MacIntosh et al., 2018: 12.</p><p>Plinthaster singletoni McKnight, 1973: 185, fig. 7; 1993: 169; A.M. Clark, 1993: 277.</p><p>Material Examined. NMV F123060 . Lord Howe plateau, site 10, Tasman <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=163.287&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-34.0402" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 163.287/lat -34.0402)">Sea</a>, 34° 2' 24.7194" S, 163° 17' 13.2" E, 1976– 1083 m. Coll. TAN 0308 091, 26 May 2003. 2 wet specs . R = 3.8 r = 2.3 R = 5.1 r = 2.7</p><p>NMV F246909. St. Helens flat, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=148.78801&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-41.2043" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 148.78801/lat -41.2043)">Tasmanian Seamounts</a>, 41° 12' 15.48" S, 148° 47' 16.8" E, 1202–1221 m. Coll. Dr A.Williams - CSIRO, Dr. Alexandra A. Weber - Museums Victoria, Ricky-Lee Erickson - Museums Victoria, et al, 17 December 2018. 1 wet spec . R = 3.4 r = 1.7</p><p>NMV F123058. Wanganella Bank, site 13, 34° 4' 59.5194" S, 168° 55' 33.5994" E, 1000–1150 m, Coll. 6 March 2003, 1 wet specimen .</p><p>NMV F123071. Lord Howe Plateau, Tasman <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=162.552&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.6556" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 162.552/lat -32.6556)">Sea</a>, 32° 39' 20.1594" S, 162° 33' 7.1994" E, 864–870 m. Coll. M.F. Gomon, Museum Victoria, NORFANZ team, 25 May 2003, 1 wet specimen .</p><p>NMV F122953. Wanganella Bank, site 13, 33° 2' 26.8794" S, 167° 27' 3.5994" E, 1451–1478 m, Coll. 28 May 2003, 3 wet specs .</p><p>NMV F240377. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=131.056&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-34.609097" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 131.056/lat -34.609097)">Great Australian Bight</a>, South Australia, 34° 36' 32.7594" S, 131° 3' 21.6"E, 1478–1507 m. Coll. Great Australian Bight, BP Expedition. 12 September 2015. 1 wet spec .</p><p>NMV F240378. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=131.061&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.928303" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 131.061/lat -33.928303)">Great Australian Bight</a>, South Australia, 33° 55' 41.88" S, 131° 3' 39.6" E, 1021–1033 m, Coll. Great Australian Bight, BP Expedition. 12 September 2015. 1 wet spec .</p><p>NMV F240380. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=130.265&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.5161" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 130.265/lat -33.5161)">Great Australian Bight</a>, South Australia, 33° 30' 57.96" S, 130° 15' 53.9994" E 978–1013 m, Coll. Great Australian Bight, BP Expedition. 12 September 2015. 1 wet spec .</p><p>NMV F240381. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=130.669&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-34.5304" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 130.669/lat -34.5304)">Great Australian Bight</a>, South Australia, 34° 31' 49.44" S, 130° 40' 8.4" E, 1473–1483 m, Coll. Great Australian Bight, BP Expedition. 12 September 2015. 1 wet spec .</p><p>USNM 1098141 . <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=175.425&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-41.7" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 175.425/lat -41.7)">Cook Strait</a>, New Zealand, South Pacific Ocean, 41° 42' 0" S, 175° 25' 30" E, 946– 951 m. Coll . R / V Eltanin, US Antarctic Research Program 31 January 1965. 1 dry spec . R = 2.2 r = 1.3.</p><p>USNM 1100862 . <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=170.808&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-48.666702" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 170.808/lat -48.666702)">Campbell Plateau</a> New Zealand, South Pacific Ocean - 48° 40' 0.1194" S, 170° 48' 28.7994" E, 814 m. Coll. 20 Jan 1965. 2 dry specs . R = 5.8 r = 3.6; R = 3.3 r = 2.3.</p><p>USNM 1100852. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=171.502&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-49.225002" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 171.502/lat -49.225002)">Campbell Plateau</a> New Zealand, South Pacific Ocean 49° 13' 30" S, 171° 30' 7.2" E, 260 m. Coll. 21 Dec. 1970, 1 dry spec ., R = 6.5 r = 3.8.</p><p>Diagnosis (Modified from McKnight, 1973). Body pentagonal (R/r = 1.4–2.0), interradial arcs weakly curved to straight. Abactinal plates with large, round spherical granules, 7–20 (at R = 6.5). Marginal plates 18 (R = 2.0) to 30 (at R = 6.5) per interradius, arm tip to arm tip. Superomarginal surface covered by granules save for a small bald area present centrally on dorsal surface. Furrow spines 5 to 7, flat tipped, blunt, quadrate in cross-section. Subambulacral spines short, 4 to 6, blunt, granular in 2 to 3 irregular series, set off from furrow spines by distinct diastema. Pedicellariae present or absent.</p><p>Comments. Descriptions for P. aoteanus presented in McKnight (1973) and H.E.S. Clark and McKnight (2001) differed in several respects from other specimens of P. aoteanus in the USNM collections. These include differing counts of the abactinal granules, showing a greater range than indicated in earlier description and an accounting of superomarginal plates, up to 32 per interradius at R = 6.5 (USNM 1100852) which specifically differs from the description in Clark and McKnight (2001) which describes the species as showing 18 (possibly 20 in their plate 27) platesperinterradiusonaspecimenatR= 6.0.Thesuperomarginal plate and abactinal granule number are significant because these are used by McKnight to distinguish P. aoteanus from P. maini . These values show overlap suggesting that the two species are nearly indistinguishable, differing only in that P. maini shows a distinct “substellate” body shape (R/r = 2.7).</p><p>The Australian specimens are consistent with characters of P. aoteanus as outlined herein and in Clark and McKnight (2001) but show a much larger more distinct quadrate to round bald patch rather than the small, irregular patch on the dorsal surface of each superomarginal plate. Furrow spine number and adambulacral spination are consistent.</p><p>Aside from the presence of Pillsburiaster sp. in MacIntosh et al. (2018) from the Great Australian Bight these are the first published occurrence of Pillsburiaster in Australian and nearby waters.</p><p>Occurrence/Distribution. New Zealand area. Near Three Kings Rise, north of North Cape, New Zealand and from Hawkes Bay to south of Campbell Island, east to near Chatham Islands, 120–1573 m .</p><p>Australia. Tasmanian seamounts, Great Australian Bight. 1083–1507 m.</p><p>Description. Body weakly stellate to stellate, R:r = 1.6:2.0, arms broad at base, triangular. Interradial arcs weakly curved to straight (Fig. 16A, D).</p><p>Abactinal plates round to polygonal, surface of each plate with coarse, round granules, 2 to 20, mostly 15 to 15, homogeneous in size, shape (Fig. 16A, B, C). Densest aggregations distally adjacent to contact with superomarginal plates. At smaller sizes, R= 3.4, minority of distal interradial plates with bare central region. Papular regions extensive, ranging from central disk to approximately six superomarginals from terminus; individual pores single. Madreporite pentagonal, flanked by 6 plates. No pedicellariae observed.</p><p>Superomarginal plates 12 per side, 24 from arm tip to arm tip (at R=3.4 to 5.1) with rounded dorsolateral edge (Fig. 16A, C). Abactinal surface of each plate with variably sized, irregular round bald spot on dorsal to dorsolateral surface, occupying central plate surface (Fig. 16C). Remainder of superomarginal plate covered by granules, round, deciduous, approximately 100–300, forming abundant covering on lateral surface of superomarginal plate. Inferomarginal covered by granules, round, coarse, closely but evenly arranged. No pedicellariae. Terminal plates triangular, lacking granulation. No pedicellariae.</p><p>Actinal plate region in approximately 4 complete series in chevron-like formation. Each plate quadrate to irregularly polygonal, covered by granules, 5 to 50, evenly arranged (Fig. 16D, E). No pedicellariae.</p><p>Furrow spines 4 to 6, blunt, weakly clavate, in straight to weakly palmate arrangement on plate (Fig. 16E). Furrow spines set off from subambulacral granules by distinct diastema. Subambulacrals in approximately 3 irregular series, each composed of 2 to 5, mostly 3 or 4 blunt granules. Adambulacral accessories similar to actinal granules in overall appearance but set off by a weakly developed groove. Oral plates with furrow spines, approximately 12 with a single prominent blunt spine directed into the mouth on each plate, totalling 2 per interradius. Oral plate surface with approximately 12 paired granules on either side of central diastema. Both sides of oral plate surface covered by approximately 15–20 granules arranged in two series parallel to the central diastema.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87B8FF9AFFB384D0AD85FEADFCA5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Mah, Christopher L.	Mah, Christopher L. (2025): New Australian deep-sea Goniasteridae (Asteroidea; Valvatacea). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 84: 49-88, DOI: 10.24199/j.mmv.2025.84.02, URL: https://doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.2025.84.02
03DD87B8FF98FFB384D0AC24FE7CFA2B.text	03DD87B8FF98FFB384D0AC24FE7CFA2B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sibogaster Doderlein 1924	<div><p>Sibogaster Döderlein, 1924 .</p><p>Sibogaster Döderlein, 1924: 63; A.M. Clark, 1993: 283 (checklist only); Mah, 2016: 129.</p><p>Diagnosis. Abactinal plates smooth, bare (no accessories on plate surface-although embedded glassy bosses present in S. digitatus), weakly convex, round to polygonal in outline. M arginal plates elongate, mostly smooth, bare ( S. digitatus has fewer than 6 granules on one or two interradial superomarginals). Inferomarginals adjacent to actinal surface covered with variably abundant granules. Actinal plates covered by granules. Adambulacral plates rectangular in shape. Furrow spines numerous, six to 15. Subambulacral spines. thickened relative to furrow spines. Remaining granulation identical to others on actinal surface.</p><p>Comments. Sibogaster currently includes 3 species, the tropical Pacific S. digitatus, the Atlantic and Pacific S. bathyheuretor and the widely occurring S. nieseni, which have been recorded from 640 to 4175 m, but primarily from bathyal and abyssal depths (1000 to 5000 m). Specimens reported herein are the first from Australian waters.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87B8FF98FFB384D0AC24FE7CFA2B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Mah, Christopher L.	Mah, Christopher L. (2025): New Australian deep-sea Goniasteridae (Asteroidea; Valvatacea). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 84: 49-88, DOI: 10.24199/j.mmv.2025.84.02, URL: https://doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.2025.84.02
03DD87B8FF98FFB584D0AAB1FD38FB03.text	03DD87B8FF98FFB584D0AAB1FD38FB03.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sibogaster nieseni Mah 2016	<div><p>Sibogaster nieseni Mah, 2016 .</p><p>Figures 17A–D</p><p>Sibogaster nieseni Mah, 2016: 136, Figs. 10A–E.</p><p>Material Examined. Indian Ocean. Western Australia. WAM Z100738 . Ningaloo, Western Australia. 22º 15' 59" S, 113º 0' 39" E, 2105.5 m. Coll. Wilson N, Rouse, G., Kirkendale, L., Ritchie, J. aboard RV Falkor March 2020. 1 wet spec. R = 6.7 r = 3.0.</p><p>WAM Z100641. Ningaloo, Western Australia. 21º 53' 9" S, 113º 0' -48" E, 2519.9 m. Coll . Wilson N, Rouse, G., Kirkendale, L., Ritchie, J. aboard RV Falkor March 2020. 1 wet spec . R = 4.5 r = 2.5</p><p>WAM Z110291. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=112.96285&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.26991" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 112.96285/lat -22.26991)">Gascoyne Marine Reserve</a>, 22º 16' 11.6832" S, 112º 57' 46.2672" E, 2073 m. Coll. Alvarez, B., Naughton, K.M., Moore, K., Unteidt, C. CSIRO, barcode 10059270, 25 November 2022, 1 wet spec . R = 4.0 r = 1.6.</p><p>WAM Z110110. Site 009, Gascoyne Marine Preserve, ca 113 km WNW of Ningaloo Reef, Western Australia, 22º 14' 22.9344" S, 112º 36' 56. 3976" S, 3747 m. Coll. J. Keesing, et al . CSIRO aboard RV Investigator, barcode 10052707, 26 November 2022. 1 wet spec . R = 5.4 r = 2.2</p><p>NMV F241948, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=154.068&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.3253" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 154.068/lat 25.3253)">Off Fraser Island</a>, Queensland, Australia. - 25° 19' 31.0794" N, 154° 4' 4.8" E, 2342–2350 m. Coll . T. O’ Hara et al. INV2017 _ V03, abyss Marine Invertebrates team, 6 Nov 2017, 1 wet spec . R = 3.8 r = 1.6</p><p>NMV F307918. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=96.382225&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-13.552778" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 96.382225/lat -13.552778)">Santa Ridge</a>, Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Indian Ocean, Australia, 13º 33' 42" S, - 13º 33' 10" S, 96º 22 06" E - 96º 22' 56" E, 2418– 2156 m. Coll. by T. O’ Hara, 22 November 2022, 1 wet spec . R = 2.1 r = 0.9.</p><p>NMV F307968. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=104.05778&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-104.04806" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 104.05778/lat -104.04806)">Balthazar Seamount</a>, Christmas Island, Indian Ocean, 11º 21' 33" S 11º 22' 16" S, to 104º 02' 53" S, 104º 3' 28" E, 3510–3611 m. Coll. by T. O’ Hara, 7 October 2022. 1 wet spec . R = 5.4 r = 2.3.</p><p>NMV F307970. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=104.04806&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-11.371111" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 104.04806/lat -11.371111)">Balthazar Seamount</a>, Christmas Island <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=104.04806&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-11.371111" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 104.04806/lat -11.371111)">Territory</a>, Indian Ocean, Australia. 11º 21' 33" S to 11º 22' 16" S, 104º 02' 53" E, 3611– 3510 m Coll. by T. O’ Hara, 22 November 2022, 1 wet spec . R = 6.4 r = 2.6.</p><p>NMV F307971. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=104.04806&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-11.371111" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 104.04806/lat -11.371111)">Balthazar Seamount</a>, Christmas Island Territory, Indian Ocean, Australia. 11º 21' 33" S to 11º 22' 16" S, 104 02' 53" E, 3611– 3610m, 1 wet spec . R = 5.3 r = 2.1.</p><p>NMV F 307972. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=104.05778&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-104.04806" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 104.05778/lat -104.04806)">Balthazar Seamount</a>, Christmas Island, Indian Ocean, 11º 21' 33" S, 11º 22' 16" S, to 104º 02' 53" S 104º 3' 28" E, 3611– 3610 m. Coll . T. O’ Hara, 7 Oct 2022. 1 wet spec . R = 3.4 r = 1.1.</p><p>Diagnosis. Body stellate (R/r = 3.1 to 6.4). Abactinal plates polygonal in shape, flat, smooth, glassy tubercles absent. Superomarginal plate surfaces smooth to rough, bare, lacking granules. Inferomarginal and actinal plates covered by granules. Paddle-like pedicellariae present. Furrow spines 6 to 10.</p><p>Comments. Sibogaster nieseni is a widely occurring species recorded from the Pacific, Atlantic, and now the Indian Ocean, observed between 2000 and 5000 m depths. Figure 17A shows an in situ image of a specimen (WAM Z 100738) of this species off Ningaloo at 2105.5 m on a soft-sediment bottom, which is consistent with other observations of this species. Other observations suggest deposit feeding and predation on sponges (Mah 2024/ 2025 in review).</p><p>Description. Body stellate (R/r = 1.88 to 3.0), arms elongate, triangular in shape. Interradial arcs curved to linear.</p><p>Abactinal plates round to polygonal, homogenous, flat and variably smooth to rough, with no surficial accessories (no granules, etc.). Each plate periphery surrounded by discrete ring of granules, 20–25, each oval to quadrate in outline. Peripheral granules are large, occupying 25–30% of the total width of each plate, including the peripheral granule. Glassy tubercles absent. Papulae 3–6 per plate present at plate angles.</p><p>Marginal plates 24–36 per interradius. Surface of each plate flattened, smooth, flat devoid of surficial accessories. Inferomarginal plates bare on lateral surface adjacent to superomarginals, but actinal surface covered by granules.</p><p>Actinal intermediate regions covered by granules, 8–30, hemispherical to pointed. Pedicellariae variably present or absent on abactinal, marginal and actinal plate surfaces. Pedicellariae small (~ 0.25 cm), tong-like with blunt, paddle-like blades, inset into a shallow pit.</p><p>Furrow spines 6–10, mostly 7 to 8, quadrate in cross-section with blunt tips. Subambulacral spines 3–5, round to polygonal in cross-section with variable morphology in Atlantic versus Pacific individuals. Adambulacral pedicellariae one or two, elongate, tong-like in shape, thick with complementing valves, taller than furrow spines. Pedicellariae elongate valves, variably present on adambulacral plates sitting adjacent to subambulacral spines, occurring irregularly from the third adambulacral and distally along the furrow series. Oral plates with 8–10 furrow spines.</p><p>Variation in Indian Ocean (Western Australian) specimens. WAM Z100738 and WAM Z100641, from the Ningaloo region displays specimens with smooth superomarginals surfaces showing glassy tubercles on the plate surface. Actinal surface covered by rounded granules. Pedicellariae absent from adambulacral plates. Furrow spines 5 to 10 in linear series, space separates from subambulacral accessories in irregular series. Nearest with 3 blunt short spines, covered by 6–8 variably pointed short granules. Others are short, similar to actinal granules with pointed tips.</p><p>Occurrence/Distribution. Australia-Indian Ocean. Western Australia, Ningaloo, Gascoyne Marine Preserve, Balthazar Seamount off Christmas Island, off Fraser Island, Queensland. 2106–3747 m</p><p>North Pacific. Taney Seamounts B and C, “ NESCA ” Clam sites ( North Pacific), Patton Seamount and Patton Escarpment, Cascadia Plain, west of Cortez Bank, Hawaiian Islands and Johnston Atoll regions, Musicians Seamount, Japan (2597– 3450 m), Celebes Sea, Indonesia, 2100–4175 m .</p><p>East Pacific. Galapagos, 3012 m.</p><p>Tropical Atlantic. Off coast of Mauritania, 2114–3162 m</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87B8FF98FFB584D0AAB1FD38FB03	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Mah, Christopher L.	Mah, Christopher L. (2025): New Australian deep-sea Goniasteridae (Asteroidea; Valvatacea). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 84: 49-88, DOI: 10.24199/j.mmv.2025.84.02, URL: https://doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.2025.84.02
03DD87B8FF9FFFB484C8AE5DFD16FE06.text	03DD87B8FF9FFFB484C8AE5DFD16FE06.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Alloceramaster affinis (Perrier 1884) Mah 2025	<div><p>Alloceramaster affinis (Perrier 1884) nov. comb.</p><p>Alloceramaster grenadensis (Perrier 1881) nov. comb.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87B8FF9FFFB484C8AE5DFD16FE06	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Mah, Christopher L.	Mah, Christopher L. (2025): New Australian deep-sea Goniasteridae (Asteroidea; Valvatacea). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 84: 49-88, DOI: 10.24199/j.mmv.2025.84.02, URL: https://doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.2025.84.02
03DD87B8FF9FFFB484CFAEA0FDC8FD83.text	03DD87B8FF9FFFB484CFAEA0FDC8FD83.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Alloceramaster minus Mah 2025	<div><p>Alloceramaster minus n. sp.</p><p>Alloceramaster pointsurae nov. comb.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87B8FF9FFFB484CFAEA0FDC8FD83	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Mah, Christopher L.	Mah, Christopher L. (2025): New Australian deep-sea Goniasteridae (Asteroidea; Valvatacea). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 84: 49-88, DOI: 10.24199/j.mmv.2025.84.02, URL: https://doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.2025.84.02
03DD87B8FF9FFFB484C8AD7FFE3CFDD8.text	03DD87B8FF9FFFB484C8AD7FFE3CFDD8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bathyceramaster tasmanensis Mah 2025	<div><p>Bathyceramaster tasmanensis n. sp.</p><p>Bathyceramaster teres Mah 2022</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87B8FF9FFFB484C8AD7FFE3CFDD8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Mah, Christopher L.	Mah, Christopher L. (2025): New Australian deep-sea Goniasteridae (Asteroidea; Valvatacea). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 84: 49-88, DOI: 10.24199/j.mmv.2025.84.02, URL: https://doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.2025.84.02
03DD87B8FF9FFFB484CFAD16FDFEFD31.text	03DD87B8FF9FFFB484CFAD16FDFEFD31.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bathyceramaster wami Mah 2025	<div><p>Bathyceramaster wami n. sp.</p><p>Ceramaster patagonicus (Sladen, 1889)</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87B8FF9FFFB484CFAD16FDFEFD31	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Mah, Christopher L.	Mah, Christopher L. (2025): New Australian deep-sea Goniasteridae (Asteroidea; Valvatacea). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 84: 49-88, DOI: 10.24199/j.mmv.2025.84.02, URL: https://doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.2025.84.02
03DD87B8FF9FFFB484CFAD99FE6AFC69.text	03DD87B8FF9FFFB484CFAD99FE6AFC69.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Kokosaster acanthodes Mah 2025	<div><p>Kokosaster acanthodes nov. gen. nov. sp.</p><p>Litonotaster intermedius (Perrier 1884)</p><p>Pseudoceramaster glasbyi (McKnight, 1993) nov. comb.</p><p>Nymphaster moebi (Studer 1884)</p><p>Pillsburiaster aoteanus McKnight 1973</p><p>Sibogaster nieseni Mah 2016</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DD87B8FF9FFFB484CFAD99FE6AFC69	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Mah, Christopher L.	Mah, Christopher L. (2025): New Australian deep-sea Goniasteridae (Asteroidea; Valvatacea). Memoirs of Museum Victoria 84: 49-88, DOI: 10.24199/j.mmv.2025.84.02, URL: https://doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.2025.84.02
