identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03DC8794FFACD673FF3CFF76C6B0285F.text	03DC8794FFACD673FF3CFF76C6B0285F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neolucanus horizontalis Xin, Zhong & Qi 2025	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Neolucanus horizontalis Xin, Zhong &amp; Qi ,  new species</p>
            <p>Chinese common name: 平®圆OiNJƤ</p>
            <p>Figs. 1A–B; 2A–B; 3E–H; 4A–D; 5A–H; 6A–B, E–F, I–J; 7A–B</p>
            <p>  Type locality. China, Yunnan Province, Honghe Prefecture, Lvchun County,  Pinghe Town . </p>
            <p>
                 Type material.   Holotype, male (NACRC: IOZ (E) 211512), China, Yunnan Province, Honghe Prefecture, Lvchun County,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 102.523895/lat 22.819445)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=102.523895&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.819445">Pinghe Town</a>
                 , 22°49’10”N, 102°31’26”E, 8.VI.2024, 1316m, local collector leg  .   Paratype, 1 male (CXTZ), China, Yunnan Province, Honghe Prefecture, Jinping county,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.43917/lat 22.756666)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.43917&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.756666">Ma’andi Township</a>
                 ,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.43917/lat 22.756666)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.43917&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.756666">Sitai Mountain</a>
                 , 22°45’24”N, 103°26’21”E, 2400m, 2.VI.2023, local collector leg  . 
            </p>
            <p>Description of the holotype, male.</p>
            <p>Measurements. Body length (36.0 mm). Length of particular body parts: head (3.8 mm), mandible (8.2 mm), pronotum (7.0 mm), elytra (16.3 mm). Width: head (9.1 mm), pronotum (12.3 mm), elytra (12.3 mm).</p>
            <p>Habitus (Fig. 1A–B). Head and pronotum black, elytra kermesinus, with slightly glossy; whole body with tiny and almost invisible pubescence, all legs with yellow setae on surface.</p>
            <p>Head transverse. Anterior ridge raised behind mandible and widely concave on the middle. Canthus long and wide, completely surround the eye. Clypeolabrum (Fig. 3E) tiny and subtriangle, visible in dorsal view, fused with frons, apex sharp. Mandible (Fig. 3E–F) about 2.2 times longer than head, inner smooth from base to teeth; in lateral view, almost horizontal, a dorsal tooth behind apex forming an approximately vertical right-angle and slightly protrudes beyond upper margin; in dorsal view, slightly curved, base thick, becomes thicker firstly and then thinner from base to teeth, with 2 continuous subtriangle inner teeth behind apex, proximal one smaller, apex of mandible sharp. Antennal club with 3 antennomeres; antennomeres 8–9 subquadrilateral; antennomere 10 semi-elliptic.</p>
            <p>Pronotum (Fig. 3G) transverse, 1.8 times wider than long, markedly longer and wider than head with slightly raised edges. Anterior margin bisinuate, posterior margin slightly bisinuate. Anterior angles rounded and directed forwards, lateral angles obtuse and posterior angles blunt.</p>
            <p> Scutellum subtriangular, punctate, width almost as long as length. </p>
            <p>Legs. Protibia (Fig. 3H) with 2 conspicuous sharp protuberances along outer margin, apex bifurcate with branches moderately sharp at tip. Mesotibia and metatibia straight and smooth at outer margin with a terminal spine.</p>
            <p>Elytra elongate, 1.3 times longer than wide, anterior margin significantly narrower than pronotum.</p>
            <p>Abdomen and aedeagus. Abdominal tergite VIII (Fig. 5A) nearly semilune, lateral angles poorly defined. Abdominal ventrite VIII (Fig. 5B) with 2 slightly protruding tips on basal margin near middle. Ventral plate of abdominal segment IX (Fig. 5D) elongate without membranous stripe, basal part extremely narrow, then suddenly became wider, widens gradually to apex and constricted near apex. Aedeagus (Fig. 6A, E, I) in dorsal view about 3.2 times longer than wide. Basal piece elongated, weakly longer than parameres in dorsal view, with a significant and relatively slender pair of sclerotized dorsal plates, and almost as wide as paramere; ventral plate at apical end of basal piece membranous. Paramere relatively narrow, with a small inner curvature at base, apex of paramere curved outward. Penis about 0.9 times length of paramere in ventral view. Flagellum long, about 1.6 times longer than aedeagus, apex of flagellum simple.</p>
            <p>Variation of paratype (n=1). Mesodont (Fig. 2A–B). Mandible 1.8 times longer than head (Fig. 4A–B), shorter and straighter in dorsal view, dorsal tooth almost not protrudes beyond upper margin in lateral view, with 3 indistinct smaller inner teeth and a large blunt tooth at base. Protibia (Fig. 4D) with 3 sharp protuberances along outer margin.</p>
            <p>Female. Unknown.</p>
            <p> Differential diagnosis. The new species is similar to  N. fuscus Didier, 1926 ,  N. brochieri Bomans &amp; Miyashita, 1997 ,  N. lehmanni Baba, 1995 in general appearance, but the following set of characters could help to identify precisely (Table 1, Table 2). </p>
            <p>Etymology. This new species is named after the morphological features of its horizontal mandible when viewed in lateral view.</p>
            <p>Distribution. China (Yunnan).</p>
            <p>Biology. This species can be attracted to artificial light.</p>
            <p> Remarks. Many species within the  N. fuscus group exhibit individuals with elytra featuring prominent yellowish areas. Therefore, we hypothesize that similar individuals will also be found within the newly discovered species. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC8794FFACD673FF3CFF76C6B0285F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Xin, Fei-Yi;Zhong, Xiao-Tian;Guo, Wen-Chi;Zhang, Yi-Feng;Qi, Zhi-Hao;Wu, Song-Qing	Xin, Fei-Yi, Zhong, Xiao-Tian, Guo, Wen-Chi, Zhang, Yi-Feng, Qi, Zhi-Hao, Wu, Song-Qing (2025): A taxonomic note on Chinese species of the Neolucanus fuscus group with the description of a new species (Coleoptera: Lucanidae: Lucaninae). Zootaxa 5570 (2): 344-360, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5570.2.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5570.2.6
03DC8794FFA7D67FFF3CF977C07B2881.text	03DC8794FFA7D67FFF3CF977C07B2881.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neolucanus fuscus Didier 1926	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Neolucanus fuscus Didier, 1926</p>
            <p>Suggested Chinese common name: Ḃ圆OiNJƤ</p>
            <p>Figs. 1C–E; 2C–D; 3I–L; 4E–H; 5I–L; 6C, G, K; 7C; 8A–J</p>
            <p> Neolucanus fuscus Didier, 1926: 210 . </p>
            <p> Neolucanus armatus : Lacroix 1972: 111, fig. 1–3, type locality: Vietnam, Phố Hà Nội Province, Tam Dao; Nguyen 2013: 382 (synonymized with  N. fuscus ). </p>
            <p> Neolucanus sianoukei : Lacroix 1978: 270, fig. 1, type locality: Vietnam, Lâm Đồng Province, Ðà Lạt; Nguyen 2013: 382 (synonymized with  N. fuscus ). </p>
            <p> Neolucanus zhongguo :   Schenk 2012: 3, fig. 1, type locality: China, Guangxi Province, Liuzhou City,  Dayao Mountain . </p>
            <p> Neolucanus fuscus zhongguo : Schenk 2014: 35, fig. 42, new synonymy. </p>
            <p> Type locality. Vietnam, Tuyên Quang Province . </p>
            <p>Type material examined. None.</p>
            <p> Additional material examined.   China: 2 males (CFYX), Guangxi Province,  Guilin City , Ziyuan County, VI.2021, You Xiao leg.  ;   2 males (CFYX), Guangxi Province, Nanning City, Wuming County,  Tianping , 3.VI.2023, local collector leg.;   1 male (CZHQ), Guangxi Province,  Daming Mountain , VI.2010, local collector leg.;   4 males (CZHQ), Guangxi Province,  Daming Mountain , 2–8.VII.2013, 1300m, Yanquan Lu leg.  Vietnam: 8 males (CXTZ), Yên Bái Province, 2023, local collector leg .;   18 males (CZHQ), Yên Bái Province, Yên Bái  City , VI.2024  , local collector leg. </p>
            <p>Redescription of the male (n=35).</p>
            <p>Body length: 29.2–57.1 mm (Fujita 2010; Toshiyuki 2021; Yi 2023 and present paper)</p>
            <p>Telodont. Habitus (Fig. 1C–E). Head and pronotum black, elytra black or large areas yellowish; luster relatively matte; body with invisible pubescence in dorsal view, labium with dense setae, all legs with sparse yellow setae on surface.</p>
            <p>Head transverse. Anterior ridge raised behind mandible and widely concave on the middle. Canthus long and wide, completely surround the eye. Clypeolabrum (Fig. 3I) almost invisible in dorsal view, fused with frons. Mandible (Fig. 3I–J) smooth from base to teeth on inner margin; in lateral view, clearly up-curved, a dorsal tooth behind apex forming an approximately acute-angle and significantly protrudes beyond upper margin, and protrudes to almost same length as lower tooth; in dorsal view, slightly curved, thickness almost regular from base to inner teeth, with 4–7 continuous small teeth behind apex and getting smaller apically. Antennal club with 3 antennomeres; antennomeres 8–9 subquadrilateral; antennomere 10 semi-elliptic.</p>
            <p>Pronotum (Fig. 3K) transverse, markedly longer and wider than head with slightly raised edges.Anterior margin bisinuate, posterior margin slightly bisinuate. Anterior angles relatively sharp and directed forwards, lateral angles and posterior angles obtuse.</p>
            <p>Elytra elongate, anterior margin obviously narrower than pronotum.</p>
            <p>Legs. Protibia (Fig. 3L) with 2–3 conspicuous weakly sharp protuberances along outer margin, apex bifurcate with branches weakly sharp at tip, and base with a gap. Profemur (Fig. 3L) with a semi-circular protrusion at apex. Mesotibia and metatibia straight and outer margin with a terminal spine, without external spines.</p>
            <p>Abdomen and aedeagus. Abdominal tergite VIII (Fig. 5I) nearly semilune, lateral angles poorly defined. Abdominal ventrite VIII (Fig. 5J) with 2 obvious protruding tips on basal margin near middle. Ventral plate of abdominal segment IX (Fig. 5L) wide without membranous stripe, an ambiguous protrusion on both side near base, basal 2/3 almost equally wide, then widens towards apex, and gradually constricted near apex. Aedeagus (Fig. 6C, G, K) with a large triangular pair of sclerotized dorsal plates and almost intersecting; ventral plate at apical end of basal piece with a sclerotized protruded part. Paramere wide, with relatively large inner curvature at base, apex of paramere curved outward. Penis about 0.65 times length of paramere in ventral view. Flagellum long, apex of flagellum simple.</p>
            <p>Variation. Mesodont. Mandible only weakly longer than head, with a bifurcated sharp large tooth at base and continuous small teeth, the largest one at about proximal 1/3. Amphiodont and priodont (Figs. 2C–D; 8A–B). Mandible weakly shorter than head with unclear consecutive small teeth on inner side, without branch at apex in lateral view; clypeolabrum (Figs. 4E; 8A) clearly visible in dorsal view.</p>
            <p>Differential diagnosis. See Table 1 and 2.</p>
            <p>Distribution. China (Guizhou, Guangxi, Yunnan); Vietnam (Lào Cai, Thái Nguyên, Tuyên Quang, Yên Bái) (Fujita 2010; Schenk 2012, 2014; Toshiyuki 2021; Yi 2023 and present paper).</p>
            <p>Remarks. A notable feature observed is a gap at the base of the protibia, which can be folded to fit snugly into a semi-circular protrusion located at the apex of the profemur.</p>
            <p> In our examination of telodont males of  N. fuscus from northern Vietnam and southern China, we found no discernible differences between the two populations in terms of external features or male genitalia. Furthermore, we inspected an ampriodont male (Fig. 8A–J) from Nanning, Guangxi Province, China, which exhibited no external distinctions from the holotype of  N. fuscus zhongguo (see fig. 1 in Schenk 2012). Besides, the distance and geographical conditions of the interconnected distribution areas do not present any significant isolation that would justify the differentiation of  N. fuscus into subspecies. Therefore, we propose that  N. fuscus zhongguo should be considered a new junior synonym of the nominate subspecies. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC8794FFA7D67FFF3CF977C07B2881	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Xin, Fei-Yi;Zhong, Xiao-Tian;Guo, Wen-Chi;Zhang, Yi-Feng;Qi, Zhi-Hao;Wu, Song-Qing	Xin, Fei-Yi, Zhong, Xiao-Tian, Guo, Wen-Chi, Zhang, Yi-Feng, Qi, Zhi-Hao, Wu, Song-Qing (2025): A taxonomic note on Chinese species of the Neolucanus fuscus group with the description of a new species (Coleoptera: Lucanidae: Lucaninae). Zootaxa 5570 (2): 344-360, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5570.2.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5570.2.6
03DC8794FFA2D678FF3CFAA0C25B2B0D.text	03DC8794FFA2D678FF3CFAA0C25B2B0D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neolucanus brochieri Bomans & Miyashita 1997	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Neolucanus brochieri Bomans &amp; Miyashita, 1997</p>
            <p>Suggested Chinese common name: DZae圆OiNJƤ</p>
            <p>Figs. 1F–H; 2E–F; 3M–P; 4I–L; 5M–P; 6D, H, L; 7D</p>
            <p> Neolucanus brochieri Bomans &amp; Miyashita, 1997: 2 . </p>
            <p> Type locality. Myanmar, Kachin State . </p>
            <p>Type material examined. None.</p>
            <p> Additional material examined.   China: 2 males (CXTZ), Yunnan Province, Nujiang Prefecture, Gongshan County,  Dulongjiang valley , 2011, local collector leg  .;   1 male (CZHQ),, Yunnan Province, Nujiang Prefecture, Gongshan County,  Dulongjiang valley , 19.VII.2023, 1800m, Feiyi Xin leg.  ;   15 males (CZHQ), Yunnan Province, Nujiang Prefecture, Lushui city,  Pianma Township , VII.2015, 2500m, Xinxiong Deng leg. </p>
            <p>Redescription of the male (n=18).</p>
            <p>Body length: 29.4–48.1 mm (Fujita 2010; Toshiyuki 2021; Yi 2023 and present paper)</p>
            <p>Telodont. Habitus (Fig. 1F–H). Head and pronotum black, elytra black or aurantiaceous with black borders; obviously glossy; body with invisible pubescence in dorsal view, labium with dense setae all legs with sparse yellow setae on surface.</p>
            <p>Head transverse. Anterior ridge raised behind mandible and widely concave on the middle. Canthus long and wide, completely surround the eye. Clypeolabrum (Fig. 3M) tiny and transverse, slightly visible in dorsal view, fused with frons. Mandible (Fig. 3M–N) smooth from base to teeth on inner margin; in lateral view, clearly up-curved and thinnest at basal 1/3, a dorsal tooth behind apex forming an approximately arc-shaped and weakly protrudes beyond upper margin; in dorsal view, slightly curved, thickness almost regular from base to inner teeth, with 2–3 continuous small teeth. Antennal club with 3 antennomeres; antennomeres 8–9 subquadrilateral; antennomere 10 semi-elliptic.</p>
            <p>Pronotum (Fig. 3O) transverse, markedly longer and wider than head with slightly raised edges.Anterior margin bisinuate, posterior margin dimly bisinuate. Anterior angles blunt and directed forwards, lateral angles and posterior angles obtuse.</p>
            <p>Elytra elongate, anterior margin of elytra clearly narrower than pronotum.</p>
            <p>Legs. Protibia (Fig. 3P) with 4–6 conspicuous sharp and short protuberances along outer margin, apex bifurcate with branches moderately sharp at tip; inner margin with a unclear gap at base. Mesotibia and metatibia straight and outer margin with a terminal spine, without external spines.</p>
            <p>Abdomen and aedeagus. Abdominal tergite VIII (Fig. 5M) subsemi-circular, lateral angles poorly defined. Abdominal ventrite VIII (Fig. 5N) with smooth basal margin. Ventral plate of abdominal segment IX (Fig. 5P) slender without membranous stripe, obviously constricted at base, then widens sharply and significantly, widens gradually to about apical 1/5. Aedeagus (Fig. 6D, H, L) with a significant and relatively slender pair of sclerotized dorsal plates; ventral plate at apical end of basal piece membranous. Paramere relatively narrow, with a obvious curvature at base, apex of paramere curved outward. Penis large, almost as long as paramere in ventral view. Flagellum long, apex of flagellum simple.</p>
            <p>Variation. Mesodont. Mandible shorter and straighter in dorsal view, with a rounded tooth at base. Amphiodont and priodont (Fig. 2E–F). Mandible (Fig. 4I–J) slender, straight and only slightly longer than head with unclear consecutive small teeth behind apex, with almost no branch at apex in lateral view; clypeolabrum (Fig. 4I) clearly visible in dorsal view.</p>
            <p>Differential diagnosis. See Table 1 and 2.</p>
            <p>Distribution. China (Yunnan); Myanmar (Kachin) (Fujita 2010; Schenk 2012, 2014; Toshiyuki 2021; Yi 2023 and present paper).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC8794FFA2D678FF3CFAA0C25B2B0D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Xin, Fei-Yi;Zhong, Xiao-Tian;Guo, Wen-Chi;Zhang, Yi-Feng;Qi, Zhi-Hao;Wu, Song-Qing	Xin, Fei-Yi, Zhong, Xiao-Tian, Guo, Wen-Chi, Zhang, Yi-Feng, Qi, Zhi-Hao, Wu, Song-Qing (2025): A taxonomic note on Chinese species of the Neolucanus fuscus group with the description of a new species (Coleoptera: Lucanidae: Lucaninae). Zootaxa 5570 (2): 344-360, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5570.2.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5570.2.6
03DC8794FFA3D678FF3CFB66C6A9297F.text	03DC8794FFA3D678FF3CFB66C6A9297F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neolucanus fuscus Didier 1926	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Key to identification of telodont males of the  Neolucanus fuscus group (Fujita 2010; Toshiyuki 2021; Yi 2023 and present paper) </p>
            <p> 1 Mandible almost horizontal with approximate right-angle fork behind the apex in lateral view (Fig. 3F).........................................................................  Neolucanus horizontalis Xin, Zhong &amp; Qi ,  new species</p>
            <p>– Mandible up-curved with acute-angle fork behind the apex in lateral view (Figs. 3B, J, N)............................ 2</p>
            <p>2 Base of inner margin of protibia with a noticeable gap (Fig. 3L)................................................. 3</p>
            <p>– Base of inner margin of protibia direct or with a unclear gap (Figs. 3D, H, P)...................................... 4</p>
            <p> 3 Mandible slightly curved inward and generally straight in dorsal view (Fig. 3I).............  Neolucanus fuscus Didier, 1926</p>
            <p>– Mandible violently curved inward, forming a circular arc in dorsal view.......................................... 5</p>
            <p> 4 Base of inner margin of protibia with a unclear gap; dorsal tooth tiny (Fig. 3N, P)............................................................................................... ..  Neolucanus brochieri Bomans &amp; Miyashita, 1997</p>
            <p> – Base of inner margin of protibia direct; dorsal tooth relatively long (Fig. 3B, D)..........  Neolucanus lehmanni Baba, 1995</p>
            <p> 5 Mandible violently up-curved.................................................  Neolucanus delicatus Didier, 1927</p>
            <p> – Mandible not violently up-curved.............................................  Neolucanus inaharai Okuda, 2009</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DC8794FFA3D678FF3CFB66C6A9297F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Xin, Fei-Yi;Zhong, Xiao-Tian;Guo, Wen-Chi;Zhang, Yi-Feng;Qi, Zhi-Hao;Wu, Song-Qing	Xin, Fei-Yi, Zhong, Xiao-Tian, Guo, Wen-Chi, Zhang, Yi-Feng, Qi, Zhi-Hao, Wu, Song-Qing (2025): A taxonomic note on Chinese species of the Neolucanus fuscus group with the description of a new species (Coleoptera: Lucanidae: Lucaninae). Zootaxa 5570 (2): 344-360, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5570.2.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5570.2.6
