identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03DEBE5FED47F64F740FFE61FEC79F97.text	03DEBE5FED47F64F740FFE61FEC79F97.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lycoriella ingenua (Dufour 1839)	<div><p>Lycoriella ingenua (Dufour, 1839)</p><p>Sciara ingenua Dufour, 1839: 29 .</p><p>Molobus mali Fitch, 1856: 484 .</p><p>Sciara solani Winnertz, 1871: 852 .</p><p>Psilosciara flammulinae Sasakawa, 1983: 321 .</p><p>Lycoriella ingenua (Dufour, 1839), Menzel and Mohrig, 2000: 393.</p><p>Lycoriella pleuroti Yang et Zhang, 1987: 255, syn. nov.</p><p>Because Lycoriella ingenua is an economically important species, it has been described various times and has appeared in the literature under the listed names above. Further synonyms are listed in Menzel and Mohrig (2000) for the Palaearctic and Mohrig et al. (2013) for the Nearctic.</p><p>Material examined. China. 4 males, Beijing Fangshan District, Shilou Town, Daciluo, 18-X-2015, light trap in mushroom culture, leg. Lan Ye (SMPG005–008) . 1 male, Zhejiang, Lishui, Liandu District, Bihu Town, Tangli, 29-III-2014, leg. Kai Shi (SMPG003) . 1 male, Zhejiang, Lishui, Liandu District, Bihu Town, Shiniu, 29-III-2014, leg. Kai Shi (SMPG004) . 1 male, Zhejiang, Lishui, Lishui Academy of Agricultural Science, 2-III-2012, leg. Xinyan Lu (SMPG001) .</p><p>Description (Male). Color. Thorax and abdomen dark brown; antennae and hypopygium brown; legs, palpus, and wing veins yellowish brown; wings fumose.</p><p>Head. Eye bridge with 3–4 rows of facets. Maxillary palpus (Fig. 2e) 3-segmented, basal segment with 5–7 bristles and with an irregular, edged sensory pit; 2nd segment with 6–10 bristles; 3rd segment with 5–8 bristles and about 1.5 times as long as 2nd. Length/width of 4th flagellomere (Fig. 2d): 2.0–2.8; neck short.</p><p>Thorax. Wings (Fig. 4a). Wing length 2.0– 2.8 mm, width/length: 0.39–0.45. c/w: 0.67–0.80. R1/R: 0.80. R, R1, C with numerous setae, stM, M1 and M2 bare, CuA1 and CuA2 bare. Legs (Fig. 2c). Foreleg: coxa length 0.40–0.55 mm, femur length 0.60–0.75 mm, tibia length 0.65–0.85 mm, metatarsus length 0.4–0.45 mm. Length of spur/width of foretibia: 0.85–0.95. Length of femur/length of metatarsus: foreleg 1.59–1.81. Length of metatarsus/length of tibia: foreleg 0.51–0.53, hind leg 0.43–0.51. Apex of foretibia with a comb of dense bristles group, arcuated in its margin.</p><p>Hypopygium (Fig. 2a and b). The gonocoxite longer than the gonostylus. Intercoxal lobe tumor-likely, protruded with sparse hairs. Gonostylus slightly arcuately curved and eventually narrowed towards apex with a strong apical tooth, inner side with a row of spines and a long flagellate seta. Aedeagus short.</p><p>Distribution. China (Beijing, Shandong, Shanghai, Zhejiang, etc.), Korea, Japan, Europe, and North America (Shin et al., 2012).</p><p>Remarks. Yang and Zhang (1987) described Lycoriella pleuroti, which is characterized by a slightly arcuately curved gonostylus that eventually narrows towards the apex, with a strong apical tooth, and the inner side with a row of spines and a long seta. The species was found as a common and widely spread pest on edible mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus and named after its genus. The authors regarded their new species as being very similar to Lycoriella solani [ = ingenua], but found that its body was larger than the latter.Unfortunately, the original type material of Lycoriella pleuroti was lost, but we assumed that our material from a greenhouse in Beijing near the type locality is conspecific, since they match well with the original description of the species.</p><p>Menzel and Mohrig (2000) wrote a detailed description of L. ingenua . Shin et al. (2012) also provided morphological photos of L. ingenua . The diagnostic characters of L. ingenua are the same as those of L. pleuroti . After careful examination of the seven Chinese specimens above, Lycoriella pleuroti Yang et Zhang, 1987 syn. nov. was confirmed to be a new synonym of Lycoriella ingenua (Dufour, 1839) . Although no foreign specimens were examined, DNA barcoding was used to identify the species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DEBE5FED47F64F740FFE61FEC79F97	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ye, Lan;Leng, Ruixin;Huang, Junhao;Qu, Cheng;Wu, Hong	Ye, Lan, Leng, Ruixin, Huang, Junhao, Qu, Cheng, Wu, Hong (2017): Review of three black fungus gnat species (Diptera: Sciaridae) from greenhouses in China: Three greenhouse sciarids from China. Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology 20 (1): 179-184, DOI: 10.1016/j.aspen.2016.12.012, URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aspen.2016.12.012
03DEBE5FED40F64E7424FD3CFF0498D9.text	03DEBE5FED40F64E7424FD3CFF0498D9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bradysia cellarum Frey 1948	<div><p>Bradysia cellarum Frey 1948</p><p>Bradysia cellarum Frey 1948: 66 and 85; Heidari Latibari et al. 2016: 48.</p><p>Bradysia odoriphaga Yang et Zhang, 1985: 153, syn. nov.</p><p>Material examined. China. 15 males, Beijing, Haidian District, Malianwa, China Agricultural University, 13-V-2015, laboratory rearing, leg. Xuankun Li (2 males in slides, SMJC001 and SMJC002) . 2 males, Beijing, Haidian District, Jinzhuang, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, 12-IX-2015, laboratory rearing, leg. Cheng Luo (SMJC011 and SMJC012) .</p><p>Description (Male). Color. Thorax and antennae dark brown; abdomen and hypopygium brown; legs, palpus, and wing veins yellowish brown; wings fumose.</p><p>Head. Eye bridge with 2–3 rows of facets. Maxillary palpus (Fig. 3e) 3-segmented, basal segment with 2–3 bristles and a deep sensory pit; 2nd segment with 3–6 bristles; 3rd segment with 4–6 bristles. Length/ width ratio of 4th flagellomere: 2.40; neck slim and long.</p><p>Thorax. Wings (Fig. 4b). Wing length 2.25–3.25 mm, width/length ratio: 0.44–0.53. c/w: 0.67. R1/R: 0.54. R and R1 with 1 row of setae, C with 2 rows of setae, M1 and M2 bare, CuA1 and CuA2 bare; stM weak.Legs (Fig.3c). Length of spur/width of foretibia:0.77–1.20. Length of femur/length of metatarsus: foreleg 1.63–1.65. Length of metatarsus/ length of tibia: foreleg 0.51–0.56, hind leg 0.47–0.49. Apex of foretibia with a line comb of 4 setae.</p><p>Hypopygium (Fig. 3a and b). The gonocoxite longer than gonostylus. Ventral inner side without basal lobe or group of hairs. Intercoxal area of hypopygium densely setose. Gonostylus apex protruded and curved with 5–8 strong spines.</p><p>Distribution. China (Beijing, Shanghai, Shandong, Zhejiang, etc.), Finland, German, Iran (Mei et al., 2003; Heidari Latibari et al., 2016).</p><p>Remarks. Yang and Zhang (1985) described this species, which was characterized by a protruding apex gonostylus that was curved with 6 strong spines (few with 5 or 7). The length of the 4th flagellomere was 2.4 times its width. Its host plant is a common Chinese vegetable Allium odorum and the species was thus named odoriphaga . However, the holotype and paratypes of this species could be not found in the ZAFU collection, where the type should have been deposited.</p><p>The species was originally discovered as a serious pest in northern China. The holotype was from Tianjin, and 20 paratypes were collected from an insectary of China Agricultrue University in Beijing by Zhang in 1981. New materials from the same lab were examined in this study, which match all the description and illustrations provided by Yang and Zhang (1985) but having 6–8 strong spines on gonostylus.</p><p>During the identification of B. odoriphaga samples from the Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, we found its COI sequence had 100% similarity with B. tilicola gr. by Shin (GenBank Number: JX 418120). Then we compared the morphological characteristics of B. odoriphaga with true B. tilicola and concluded that they are not the same species. To solve this problem, Kai Heller searched for the COI sequence of B. odoriphaga in his unpublished database and found a strong match with B. cellarum . The Chinese materials match well with the original description by Frey (1948). After the further examination of B. cellarum materials from Germany and Iran, that having 7–8 strong spines on the gonostylar apex, we concluded that B. odoriphaga and B. cellarum are the same species by both molecular and morphological methods. The variation of strong spine numbers on gonostylar apex is considered as acceptable intraspecific differences. The diagnosis, redescription, and new illustrations are based on Chinese specimens. The COI sequence data are also provided for identification of B. odoriphaga .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DEBE5FED40F64E7424FD3CFF0498D9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ye, Lan;Leng, Ruixin;Huang, Junhao;Qu, Cheng;Wu, Hong	Ye, Lan, Leng, Ruixin, Huang, Junhao, Qu, Cheng, Wu, Hong (2017): Review of three black fungus gnat species (Diptera: Sciaridae) from greenhouses in China: Three greenhouse sciarids from China. Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology 20 (1): 179-184, DOI: 10.1016/j.aspen.2016.12.012, URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aspen.2016.12.012
