identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03D1AC415C7CFFD4FCEAB0F4FAD27E5B.text	03D1AC415C7CFFD4FCEAB0F4FAD27E5B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polyosma Blume	<div><p>Polyosma Blume</p><p>Polyosma Blume (1826) 658. — Lectotype (designated by Hutchinson 1967: 31): Polyosma ilicifolia Blume.</p><p>Shrubs or small to large trees. Leaves simple, opposite or subopposite, petiolate, pinnatinerved, with margin entire or variously toothed. Inflorescence a raceme, sometimes spicate (flowers rarely solitary), mostly terminal, rarely axillary, usually erect, sometimes pendulous. Flowers bisexual, actinomorphic, usually fragrant, sessile or pedicellate; bracteoles free, 3, or connate and single, then 3-fid, inserted at or near base of calyx. Calyx tube adnate to ovary (hypanthium) and lobes reduced so calyx 4-dentate, persistent. Corolla fused into a long tube with lobes 4, valvate, sometimes splitting almost to base, epigynous, not persistent. Stamens 4, not attached to corolla; filaments hairy; anthers basifixed. Ovary inferior, 1-loculate, glabrous; ovules many; style simple, filiform; stigma capitate or truncate. Fruit an indehiscent 1-loculate drupe, with sepals persistent distally, usually maturing to bluish or purplish black, 1-seeded.</p><p>For a comprehensive generic description, refer to Bean &amp; Forster (2021).</p><p>Distribution — It is likely that there are almost 100 species (taxonomic revisions still required), occurring from China (South Central and Southeast), south through Bangladesh (Indian sub- continent), and south-east Asia (Cambodia, Vietnam, Thailand, Myanmar, Assam), Malesia (Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Brunei, Philippines, Timor Leste, Papua New Guinea), and the Solomon Islands, then south to the east coast of Australia (Queensland and New South Wales) and extending east to New Caledonia.</p><p>Note — Polyosma ilicifolia is included here as it is the type of the genus and as the types of all names included in this species are lectotypified. The species occurs outside the area of interest and is not included in the identification key.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D1AC415C7CFFD4FCEAB0F4FAD27E5B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Paul, O. K.;Conn, B. J.;Henwood, M. J.	Paul, O. K., Conn, B. J., Henwood, M. J. (2024): Taxonomic review of Polyosma (Escalloniaceae) in Papuasia. Blumea 69: 54-88, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2024.69.01.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2024.69.01.07
03D1AC415C73FFD5FCEAB791FF167B8B.text	03D1AC415C73FFD5FCEAB791FF167B8B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polyosma ilicifolia Blume	<div><p>Polyosma ilicifolia Blume — Fig. 3</p><p>Polyosma ilicifolia Blume (1826) 658. — Lectotype (designated here): C.L. Blume s.n. (lecto L [L 0035086], Indonesia). — Likely syntype: C.L. Blume s.n. ([L 0035083]), Indonesia, Java (= Jawa), without date.</p><p>Polyosma serrulata Blume (1826) 659 (‘ serrulatum ’). — Lectotype (designated here): C.L. Blume s.n. (lecto L [L 0035088], middle left flowering specimen; isolecto L [L 0035088] other, partially fragmented, specimens), Indonesia, Java (= Jawa), without date.</p><p>Lectotypification — 1. As listed above, Hutchinson (1967) designated P. ilicifolia as type of Polyosma . The lectotypification presented here formally confirms the type status of the collections by Carl L. Blume on sheets L 35086 and L 35083 as held at Naturalis Biodiversity Center (L).</p><p>2. In the protologue of P. ilicifolia, additional habitat information is provided, namely “Crecit: in cacumine montium a torum Javae insulae” that was not included on the collection label. The morphology of the herbarium material (L 0035086) is here regarded as in agreement with the brief description provided by Blume (1826: 659). He noted that this species had a long flowering period (namely “Floret: omni tempore”). The two collections on the L 0035086 are both flowering, and this sheet was annotated (confirmed) by Georg Schulze-Menz in 1967 as ‘lectotype’ material. The lower specimen on L 0035086 is partially fragmented.</p><p>3. The other Blume collection of P. ilicifolia (L 0035083), incorrectly annotated by an unknown hand as ‘Holotype’, was collected from “Archipel. ins. (printed) Pondok Tenge (handwritten: presumably Pondok Tengah: Middle Hut).” This collection is regarded as a probable syntype and was possibly collected from Taman Nasional Gunung Gede Pangrango, Jawa, Indonesia, as was the synonym P. serrulata (see below).</p><p>4. In the protologue of P. serrulata, Blume (1826: 659) provided additional habitat and locality information, namely “Crecit: in sylvis montium Gede et Pangurango (= Taman Nasional Gunung Gede Pangrango, Jawa, Indonesia).”</p><p>5. Blume (1851) circumscribed several varieties within P. ilicifolia . However, the taxonomic status of the morphological variation within this species has not been undertaken in this study.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D1AC415C73FFD5FCEAB791FF167B8B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Paul, O. K.;Conn, B. J.;Henwood, M. J.	Paul, O. K., Conn, B. J., Henwood, M. J. (2024): Taxonomic review of Polyosma (Escalloniaceae) in Papuasia. Blumea 69: 54-88, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2024.69.01.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2024.69.01.07
03D1AC415C70FFD7FFA5B4AFFBD77DA1.text	03D1AC415C70FFD7FFA5B4AFFBD77DA1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polyosma affinis Schulze-Menz ex B. J. Conn & O. K. Paul 2024	<div><p>1. Polyosma affinis Schulze-Menz ex B.J.Conn &amp; O.K.Paul, sp. nov. — Fig. 4</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet of this new species ( affinis = ‘akin’) refers to it being morphologically most like P. macrobotrys, but also with similarities to P.integrifolia and, to a lesser extent,to P. amygdaloidea and P.glaberrima .</p><p>Polyosma affinis is morphologically most similar to P. macrobotrys . Both species have glabrous, elliptic leaves with base of lamina acute and margin entire; however, P. affinis usually has smaller leaves (usually 4–9 cm long, and mostly 2–4 mm wide), compared to P. macrobotrys that has leaves 12–22 cm long and 4–7.5 cm wide. It also differs by having a brownish maroon corolla and smaller brownish green fruits (4–5 mm long, 3–4 mm diam),compared to a white corolla and larger dark blue fruits (7–10 mm long, 6–8 mm diam) in P. macrobotrys . — Type: T.G. Hartley 11816 (holo CANB [CANB151125]; iso K, L, LAE [ LAE 66976]), Papua New Guinea, Morobe, Summit of Mt Kaindi, c. 6 miles SW of Wau, 8 May 1963.</p><p>Subcanopy tree,c. 12 m tall,bole c. 5 m tall,c. 12 cm diam. Branchlets glabrous, brown, lenticels vertical, white. Leaves glabrous; petiole 0.5–1.5 cm long, brown; lamina elliptic, 4–9 by 2–4 cm, coriaceous, drying brown on both surfaces; base acute, margin entire, apex shortly acuminate; secondary veins 10–25 on each side and at an angle greater than 45° from midrib, regularly looping near margin onto the next secondary vein; tertiary veins weakly percurrent, not prominent on abaxial surface. Inflorescence racemose, terminal, &lt;20-flowered, erect; rachis 1.5–4 cm long, sparsely hairy; flowers loosely arranged and evenly spaced; pedicels 3–5 mm long; bracteoles 1–3 mm long, sparsely hairy. Calyx lobes 1–3 mm long. Corolla buds tubular, 8–12 mm long, green, brownish green, sometimes becoming brownish maroon; corolla moderately hairy, fully split into 4 lobes at anthesis. Fruits ovoid, 4–5 by 3–4 mm, sparsely hairy, brownish green.</p><p>Distribution — Papua New Guinea (West Sepik, Morobe).</p><p>Habitat &amp; Ecology — Occurring in lowland to montane forests at elevations up to 2 550 m.</p><p>Conservation status — Probably not of concern.</p><p>Additional specimens examined (Paratypes). PAPUA NEW GUINEA, West Sepik, Mori, Vanimo, J. S. Womersley NGF 13930 (K, L); ibid., D. Sayer NGF 19517 (K, NSW); ibid., D. Sayer NGF 19517 A (L, LAE) ; Morobe, Garaina, T. G. Hartley 12772 (K, LAE) .</p><p>Notes — 1. This species has a widespread altitudinal range, occurring from lowland to montane forest.</p><p>2. Polyosma affinis is morphologically also like other species with entire leaves, such as P. integrifolia and, to a lesser extent, to P. amygdaloidea and P. glaberrima . It can be distinguished from P. integrifolia by the inflorescence rachis being 1.5–4 cm long (vs P. integrifolia 9–22 cm long); corolla green (vs P. integrifolia white); fruits sparsely hairy, brownish green (vs P. integrifolia glabrous and bluish black when mature). It has shorter leaves (4–9 cm long, vs (7–) 10–16 cm long in P. amygdaloidea), shorter rachis (1.5–4 cm long, vs (3–) 5–10 cm long in P. amygdaloidea), and green corolla (vs yellowish white in P. amygdaloidea). Polyosma affinis has brown branchlets with vertical lenticels (vs black branchlets with scattered lenticels in P. glaberrima) and leaves elliptic (vs obovate leaves in P. glaberrima).</p><p>3. Collections of P. affinis and P. alipensis were often included in a broadly circumscribed P. forbesii . These two new species are readily distinguished by several morphological characteristics, namely, P. alipensis is usually a larger tree (12–24 m high), with larger leaves (petioles 2.5–4 cm long; lamina 13–17 by 4–8 cm) compared with P. affinis which is a smaller tree about 12 m high, with petioles 0.5–1.5 cm long, and lamina 4–9 by 2–4 cm. Furthermore, the leaf margin of P. alipensis is serrate (like P. forbesii) compared to P. affinis that is entire. Polyosma forbesii has leaves with the apex attenuate whereas P. alipensis has subacute to acute leaves.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D1AC415C70FFD7FFA5B4AFFBD77DA1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Paul, O. K.;Conn, B. J.;Henwood, M. J.	Paul, O. K., Conn, B. J., Henwood, M. J. (2024): Taxonomic review of Polyosma (Escalloniaceae) in Papuasia. Blumea 69: 54-88, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2024.69.01.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2024.69.01.07
03D1AC415C70FFD7FCEAB48CFC10781B.text	03D1AC415C70FFD7FCEAB48CFC10781B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polyosma alipensis B. J. Conn & O. K. Paul 2024	<div><p>2. Polyosma alipensis B.J.Conn &amp; O.K.Paul, sp. nov. — Fig. 5</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet ( ‘ alipensis ’) refers to the village Alipe, in the Western Highlands, where this species was collected. It is only known from this location.</p><p>Polyosma alipensis is morphologically similar to P. globosa, but differs from the latter by having larger leaves (petiole 2.5–4 mm long; lamina 13–17 by 4–8 mm vs petiole 1.5–2 mm long; lamina 8–12 by 3–6 mm in P. globosa), leaf margin serrate (vs entire in P. globosa), and lamina apex subacute to acute (vs acuminate in P. globosa). — Type: N. Bowers 524 (holo LAE [ LAE 105558]; iso AK357464), Papua New Guinea, Western Highlands, Kaugel Valley, (Alipe), 11 June 1969.</p><p>Tree, 12–24 m tall, bole up to 4 m, 4–10 cm diam. Branchlets glabrous, dark brown,pustules brown, scattered,prominent scars by fallen petioles. Leaves pubescent; petiole 2.5–4 cm long; lamina elliptic, 13–17 by 4–8 cm, thickly coriaceous, drying both surfaces dark brown; base cuneate, margin serrate, apex subacute to acute; secondary veins 13–23 on each side and at an angle greater than 45° from midrib, regularly looping near margin onto the next secondary vein; tertiary veins weakly percurrent, hairy, prominent on abaxial surface. Inflorescence racemose, terminal,&gt; 30-flowered; rachis 3.5–9 cm long, hairy, with flowers densely clustered along rachis; pedicels (2–) 5–7 mm long (fruiting pedicels 8–10 mm long); bracteoles 5–10 mm long, hairy. Calyx distinctly cup-shaped; calyx lobes 4–6 mm long. Corolla buds tubular, (6–) 9–10 mm long, greenish yellow to white, remaining tubular at anthesis, except opening with 4 small lobes distally. Fruits ovoid, 13–15 by 10–13 mm, glabrous, green turning bluish purple.</p><p>Distribution — Papua New Guinea (Western Highlands).</p><p>Habitat &amp; Ecology — Occurring in lower montane forest from elevations of 2 000–2 500 m.</p><p>Conservation status — This species is here regarded as threatened because of the clearance of the forest by the local people for gardening and the use of the timber of this species for constructing homes.</p><p>Additional specimens examined (Paratypes). PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Western Highlands, Alipe Village, N. Bowers 433 ( LAE); ibid., N. Bowers 674 (AK, LAE);ibid., J.S.Womersley NGF 43508 ( LAE);Tambul, J.S. Womersley NGF 14250 ( LAE).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D1AC415C70FFD7FCEAB48CFC10781B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Paul, O. K.;Conn, B. J.;Henwood, M. J.	Paul, O. K., Conn, B. J., Henwood, M. J. (2024): Taxonomic review of Polyosma (Escalloniaceae) in Papuasia. Blumea 69: 54-88, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2024.69.01.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2024.69.01.07
03D1AC415C70FFD0FCEAB150FB94771A.text	03D1AC415C70FFD0FCEAB150FB94771A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polyosma amygdaloides Reeder Gray 1918	<div><p>3. Polyosma amygdaloides Reeder</p><p>Polyosma amygdaloides Reeder (1946) 283. — Type: L.J. Brass 13335 (holo A [A42992] (see Typification below); iso BM [BM624948], BO, BRI [BRI-AQ0342397], L [L 0035069], LAE), Indonesia Papua, Snow Mountains, Bernhard Camp, 4 km SW of Idenburg River, Mar. 1939.</p><p>Typification. Reeder (1946:275) states that “In the absence of parentheti- cal letters indicating the place of deposit [of specimens], cited specimens are to be found only at the Arnold Arboretum [A].” Since Reeder cited the type of P. amygdaloides as “ Brass 13335 (TYPE)” (protologue, p. 283), by inference, held at A, we accept that this specimen is the intended holotype of this species. Based on this assumption, lectotypification is here regarded as unnecessary .</p><p>Tree, 10–15 m tall, or shrub up to 5 m tall. Branchlets glabrous, brown, pustules scattered. Leaves glabrous; petiole 0.5–2 cm long; lamina narrowly ovate, (7–)10–16 by 2–4.5 cm, slightly coriaceous, drying brown on both surfaces; base acute, margin entire, apex attenuate; secondary veins 13–27 on each side and at an angle greater than 45° from midrib, regularly looping near margin onto the next secondary vein; tertiary veins weakly percurrent, not prominent but visible on abaxial surface. Inflorescence racemose, axillary,&gt; 30-flowered; rachis (3–) 5–10 cm long, glabrous; flowers clustered tightly together; pedicel 2–3 mm long; bracteoles 1–2 mm long, sparsely hairy. Calyx glabrous; calyx lobes 1–3 mm long. Corolla buds tubular, (7–) 10–15 mm long, yellowish white; corolla moderately hairy, remaining tubular at anthesis, except opening with 4 small lobes distally. Fruits ovoid, 7–10 by 4–6 mm, glabrous, green to drying blackish brown.</p><p>Distribution — Indonesia (Papua, Papua Barat) and Papua New Guinea (Eastern Highlands).</p><p>Habitat &amp; Ecology — Occurring in lower montane forest at elevations from 900 to 1 540 m.</p><p>Conservation status — Not known.</p><p>Additional specimens examined. INDONESIA, Papua Barat,Fak Fak,Kowap, N from FakFak, W. Vink BW 12204 (L). – PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Sepik, s.loc., C.L. Ledermann 9910 (L); Eastern Highlands, Plot 1200C, Mt Wilhelm, J. Munzinger 6937, J.­F. Molino, K. Molem, J.­C. Pintaud (Binatang-RC, K, LAE, MPU, NSW, P); Marafunga, H. Streimann NGF 27671 ( LAE, NSW); Crater Mountain Wildlife Management Area, W. Takeuchi 12073 (L, LAE).</p><p>Note — The calyx of this species is glabrous, whereas other species have a sparsely or densely hairy calyx. Polyosma amygdaloides is morphologically most similar to P. gigantea but differs in several features: leaves with lamina narrowly ovate (vs elliptic in P. gigantea); leaf apex attenuate (vs acuminate); inflorescence axillary (vs terminal); and large corolla (7–) 10–15 mm long (vs 3–5 mm long).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D1AC415C70FFD0FCEAB150FB94771A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Paul, O. K.;Conn, B. J.;Henwood, M. J.	Paul, O. K., Conn, B. J., Henwood, M. J. (2024): Taxonomic review of Polyosma (Escalloniaceae) in Papuasia. Blumea 69: 54-88, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2024.69.01.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2024.69.01.07
03D1AC415C76FFD2FFA5B697FE6F7CBE.text	03D1AC415C76FFD2FFA5B697FE6F7CBE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polyosma brassii Schulze-Menz ex B. J. Conn & O. K. Paul 2024	<div><p>4. Polyosma brassii Schulze-Menz ex B.J.Conn &amp; O.K.Paul, sp. nov. — Fig. 6</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet acknowledges the Australian botanical collector Leonard J. Brass (Perry 1971), who collected extensively throughout New Guinea and discovered this new species.</p><p>Polyosma brassii is morphologically most like P. induta and P. helicioides . Even though all three species have elliptic leaves, being broadly elliptic in P. induta, it differs from the latter two species by having an acuminate leaf apex (vs attenuate in P. induta and P. helicioides) and flowers with corolla brown (vs greenish white or yellow for the latter two species). — Type: L.J. Brass 29597 (holo LAE [ LAE 34056]);iso L [L0035074]), Papua New Guinea, Morobe, Mt Kaindi, 15 May 1959.</p><p>Tree, 8–15 m tall. Branchlets densely hairy, brown, moderately angular or ridged. Leaves densely hairy; petiole 1–5 cm long,</p><p>brown; lamina elliptic, 6–14 by 3–6 cm, coriaceous, drying dark brown on both surfaces; base acute to cuneate, margin serrate, apex acuminate; secondary veins 12–19 on each side and at an angle greater than 45° from midrib, regularly looping near margin onto the next secondary vein; tertiary veins weakly percurrent, pubescent, prominent on abaxial surface. Inflorescence racemose, axillary, 20–30-flowered; rachis 6–8 cm long, densely hairy; flowers loosely and evenly arranged (not clustered); pedicels 8–12 mm long; bracteoles 1–2 mm long, densely hairy. Calyx lobes 1–3 mm long. Corolla buds tubular, (10–) 12–20 mm long, brown, with yellowish tinge; corolla densely hairy, remaining tubular at anthesis, except opening with 4 small lobes distally. Fruits ovoid, 9–13 by 5–8 mm, hairy, green.</p><p>Distribution — Papua New Guinea (Morobe Prov.: Wau, Mt Kaindi).</p><p>Habitat &amp; Ecology — Occurring in mid montane Nothofagus forest ( Nothofagaceae) between elevations of 1 800–2 200 m.</p><p>Conservation status — This species is only known from Mt Kaindi in the Morobe Province. This is an area that is continu- ing to be adversely affected by clearing and other anthropogenic disturbances. Therefore, it is suspected that this species is endangered.</p><p>Additional specimens examined (Paratypes). PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Morobe Province, Mt Kaindi, Wau, T . G . Hartley 11739 (K, L); ibid., J . L .C. H. van Valkenburg 764 (seedling) (L).</p><p>Notes — 1. Polyosma brassii and P. helicioides are morphologically similar by having axillary inflorescences (vs terminal in P. induta). Polyosma brassii and P. induta have hairy branchlets, leaves and fruits, whereas P. helicioides has glabrous or slightly hairy branchlets and leaves, with fruits glabrous.</p><p>2. The branchlets and leaves of P. brassii, P. forbesii, and P. schulzemenzii are densely ferruginous with dark rusty brown hairs; however, this species differs from P. forbesii with its acuminate leaf apex (vs attenuate in P. forbesii); bracteoles usually shorter (1–2 mm long vs 1–10 mm long in P. forbesii); and brown corolla (vs yellowish green in P. forbesii). Polyosma brassii has elliptic leaves and hence differs from the narrowly obovate leaves of P. schulzemenzii .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D1AC415C76FFD2FFA5B697FE6F7CBE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Paul, O. K.;Conn, B. J.;Henwood, M. J.	Paul, O. K., Conn, B. J., Henwood, M. J. (2024): Taxonomic review of Polyosma (Escalloniaceae) in Papuasia. Blumea 69: 54-88, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2024.69.01.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2024.69.01.07
03D1AC415C75FFD2FFA5B5F7FB137EAE.text	03D1AC415C75FFD2FFA5B5F7FB137EAE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polyosma buxea Mattf.	<div><p>5. Polyosma buxea Mattf.</p><p>Polyosma buxea Mattf. (1938) 274. — Type: J. Clemens &amp; M.S. Clemens 3908 (holo B, destroyed), Papua New Guinea, Morobe,Yunzaing, 18 Aug. 1936. — Neotype (designated here): J. Clemens &amp; M.S. Clemens 3526 (G [G388955]), Papua New Guinea, Morobe, Yunzaing, 2 July 1936.</p><p>Typification. Johannes Mattfeld cites two collections by J. Clemens &amp; M.S. Clemens, namely, 3526 and 3908 (Mattfeld 1938: 274), with the latter being designated as the type of this species. However, neither of these Clemens collections have been located at B and both are believed to have been destroyed during the Second World War. Furthermore, no duplicates of J. Clemens &amp; M.S. Clemens 3908 have been located.Since J. Clemens &amp; M.S. Clemens 3526, was regarded as conspecific by Mattfeld, a sheet held at G [G388955] is here selected as the neotype of P. buxea to replace the lost type.</p><p>Subcanopy tree 8–15 m tall. Branchlets glabrous, brown, pustular, with lenticels scattered, greyish white. Leaves glabrous; petiole 1–3.5 cm long; lamina narrowly elliptic to slightly narrowly ovate, 4– 20 by 2 – 6 cm, black membranous, drying thinly papery to slightly coriaceous, glabrous, drying brown on both surfaces;base acute, margin entire, apex acuminate; secondary veins 10–28 on each side and at an angle greater than 45° from midrib, regularly looping near margin onto the next lateral vein; tertiary veins weakly percurrent, glabrous, prominent on abaxial surface. Inflorescences racemose, terminal, pendulous,&gt; 30-flowered; rachis 20–35 cm long, glabrous, with flowers tightly clustered; pedicels 4–6 mm long; bracteoles 1–2 mm long, glabrous. Calyx lobes 1–3 mm long. Corolla buds tubular, 8–12(–20) mm long, white; corolla moderately hairy, remaining tubular at anthesis, except opening with 4 small lobes distally. Fruits not seen.</p><p>Distribution — Indonesia (Papua Barat) and Papua New Guinea (West Sepik, Morobe, Eastern Highlands, Milne Bay).</p><p>Habitat &amp; Ecology — Occurring in lowland forest dominated by Castanopsis (D.Don) Spach ( Fagaceae) at elevations of 1 000–1 800 m.</p><p>Conservation Status — Not known. This species is endemic to the island of New Guinea.</p><p>Additional specimens examined. INDONESIA, Papua Barat,Vogelkop,Kebar Valley, P. van Royen 3990 (L). – PAPUA NEW GUINEA, West Sepik, Telefomin, R.J. Johns 194 ( LAE); Morobe, Wau, T.K. Pratt 79­1143 ( LAE); Eastern Highlands,Arau, L.J. Brass 32235 (K, L, LAE);Aiyura, J.S. Womersley NGF 4429 (L, LAE); Milne Bay,Goodenough Island, L.J. Brass 24726 (K, LAE); Mt Dayman, L.J. Brass 23299 (K, LAE); Raba Raba, P. Woods, N. Cruttwell &amp; M. Galore NGF 17590 (K, L, LAE); Mt Riu, Sudest Island, L.J. Brass 27897 (L, LAE).</p><p>Note — This is the only species with pendulous inflorescences. It is morphologically most like P. integrifolia (for details, see notes under the latter species).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D1AC415C75FFD2FFA5B5F7FB137EAE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Paul, O. K.;Conn, B. J.;Henwood, M. J.	Paul, O. K., Conn, B. J., Henwood, M. J. (2024): Taxonomic review of Polyosma (Escalloniaceae) in Papuasia. Blumea 69: 54-88, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2024.69.01.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2024.69.01.07
03D1AC415C75FFD3FCEAB787FD267FF9.text	03D1AC415C75FFD3FCEAB787FD267FF9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polyosma cestroides Schltr.	<div><p>6. Polyosma cestroides Schltr.</p><p>Polyosma cestroides Schltr.(1915) 129; P. Royen (1983) 2523,f. 736. — Type: C. Ledermann 12566 (holo B [B10-0296088]), Papua New Guinea, West Sepik,‘ Felsspitze ’, (= vicinity of Sepik River,near August River) (Veldkamp et al. 1988), 3 Aug. 1913 .</p><p>Polyosma tubulosa Schltr. (1915) 130. — Type: C. Ledermann 12210 (holo B [B_10_0296089]), Papua New Guinea, Madang,‘ Schraderberg’ (= Schrader Mountains), 12 June 1913.</p><p>Subcanopy to sometimes canopy tree, 5– 20 m high, bole 4– 16 m, 10–13 cm diam. Branchlets glabrous, dark brown, smooth with no lenticels. Leaves glabrous; petiole 0.5–2.5 cm long; lamina elliptic, 4–15 by 2–6 cm, coriaceous; discolours in dried material to dark brown to black adaxially, very dark brown abaxially; base acute to cuneate, margin entire, apex attenuate or long tapering; secondary veins 8–21 on each side and at an angle greater than 45° from midrib, regularly looping near margin on to the next secondary vein; tertiary vein weakly percurrent, glabrous and very prominent on abaxial surface. Inflorescence racemose, terminal, 20–30-flowered; rachis 1.5–9 cm long, densely hairy; flowers loosely and evenly arranged towards distal end of rachis; pedicels (2.5–) 3–5 mm long, narrow; bracteoles 1–3 mm long, hairy. Calyx lobes 1–3 mm long. Corolla buds tubular, (5–) 10–25 mm long, light brownish green; corolla moderately hairy, remaining tubular at anthesis, except opening with 4 small lobes distally. Fruits ovoid, 5–13 by 4–9 mm, slightly hairy, green to purple.</p><p>Distribution — Papua New Guinea (West Sepik, East Sepik, Madang, Morobe, Western Highlands, Eastern Highlands, Southern Highlands, Gulf, Milne Bay).</p><p>Habitat &amp; Ecology — Occurring in mid- to upper montane mossy forests from elevations of (600–)2 000–3 300 m.</p><p>Conservation status — Not regarded as of concern.</p><p>Additional specimens examined. INDONESIA, Indonesia Papua,Snow Mountains, Idenburg River, 15 km SW of Bernhard Camp; L.J. Brass 12285 (BRI, L, LAE). – PAPUA NEW GUINEA, West Sepik, Bewani Mountains, J. Waikabu et al. LAE 50546 (L, LAE); East Sepik, Mt Hunstein, R. Hoogland 10983 (L, LAE); Victor Emmanuel Range, P. van Royen 11318 ( LAE); ibid., P. van Royen 11332 (L, LAE); ibid., P. van Royen 11334 (L, LAE); Madang, near Kaironk Village, G. Weiblen 1029, M. Evans, B. Isua &amp; S. Majneb (L, LAE); Morobe,Aseki, L.A. Craven 1153 &amp; R. Schodde (L, LAE); ibid., L.A. Craven 1246 &amp; R. Schodde (L, LAE); Mt Wasaunon-Kabum, K. Fazang LAE 78746 ( LAE); ibid., K. Fazang LAE 78747 ( LAE); ibid., K. Fazang LAE 78866 ( LAE, NSW); Lake Trist, E.E. Henty NGF 29019 (K, LAE); Salamaua, A.N. Millar NGF 22815 7 (K, L, LAE); Wau, T.K. Pratt 1006 &amp; 1118 ( LAE); Eddie Creek, C.D. Sayers NGF 19964 (K, L, LAE);Mt Kaindi, L.J. Brass 29725 (L, LAE);Mt Missim, J.L. Gressitt BMF310 ( LAE); Kuper Range, W. Takeuchi 403 ( LAE); Mt Kurunkurungun, A. Vinas LAE 59855 (L, LAE); Western Highlands, Mt Kaiap, H. Tagawa 212 ( LAE); Wabag, J.R. Flenley ANU 2682 (K, LAE); Yaki River, R.D. Hoogland 6966 &amp; R. Schodde (BRI, L, LAE); Eastern Highlands, Mt Wilhelm, L.J. Brass 30560 (L, LAE); Okapa, L.J. Brass 31813 (L, LAE); Mt Michael, L.J. Brass 31306 (L, LAE); Southern Highlands, Mt Giluwe, N.M.U. Clunie &amp; G. Larivita LAE 63219 (L, LAE); Gulf, Tauri River, R. Pullen 6585 (L, LAE); Milne Bay, Mt Dayman, L.J. Brass 23207 (K, L, LAE).</p><p>Notes — Widespread, high-elevation species that differs from P. occulta with its entire margin and long tapering apex. It is morphologically most like P. dentata, differing from the latter species by being a taller tree (5–20 m high, vs 4–6.8 m high in P. dentata), with base of leaf acute to cuneate (vs P. dentata acute), leaf margin entire (vs serrate for P. dentata), and leaf apex attenuate to long-tapering (vs acuminate in P. dentata).</p><p>Reeder (1946) regarded this species (as P. tubulosa), as occurring in Indonesia (Papua), based on Brass 12285.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D1AC415C75FFD3FCEAB787FD267FF9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Paul, O. K.;Conn, B. J.;Henwood, M. J.	Paul, O. K., Conn, B. J., Henwood, M. J. (2024): Taxonomic review of Polyosma (Escalloniaceae) in Papuasia. Blumea 69: 54-88, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2024.69.01.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2024.69.01.07
03D1AC415C74FFD3FFA5B737FD7B7AA7.text	03D1AC415C74FFD3FFA5B737FD7B7AA7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polyosma dentata Schltr.	<div><p>7. Polyosma dentata Schltr.</p><p>Polyosma dentata Schltr. (1915) 132, f. 5F–K. — Type: C.L. Ledermann 12785 (B, lost), Papua New Guinea, East Sepik, ‘Im Gebirgsbuschwalde bei dem Lager ‘Felsspitze’ (= Camp ‘Felsspitze’) im mittleren Sepik- Gebiet’, Aug. 1913. — Neotype (designated here): A. Vinas &amp; J. Waikabu LAE 59527 (neo LAE; isoneo CNS, L), Papua New Guinea, West Sepik, Telefomin.</p><p>Typification. Since most of Ledermann’s collections were at B, and were subsequently destroyed with few duplicates distributed elsewhere (Veldkamp et al. 1988, Fosberg &amp; Oliver 1991), a neotype is chosen here based on Schlechter (1915: 10, f. 5F–K) because this illustration was based on the only collection available to Schlechter (namely, C.L. Ledermann 12785). Furthermore, the illustration is sufficiently detailed to be in full agreement with the protologue.</p><p>Tree 4–6.8 m tall, bole c. 5 m, to 10 cm diam. Branchlets glabrous, brown with scattered pustules. Leaves glabrous; petiole (0.5–) 1–2.5 cm long; lamina broadly elliptic, 5.5–11.5 by 3–5 cm; base acute, margin serrate, apex acuminate; secondary veins 13–19 on each side and at an angle greater than 45° from midrib, regularly looping near margin onto the next secondary vein; tertiary veins weakly percurrent, prominent on abaxial surface. Inflorescence racemose, axillary, &lt;20(–25)-flowered; rachis (2–) 4–6 cm long, sparsely hairy, with flowers loosely and evenly arranged; pedicels 3–5 mm long; bracteoles 1–3 mm long, sparsely hairy. Calyx lobes 1–4 mm long. Corolla buds tubular, 15–20 mm long, purplish yellow; corolla moderately hairy, remaining tubular at anthesis, except opening with 4 small lobes distally. Fruits ovoid, 10–15 by 5–7 mm, glabrous, green to drying blackish brown.</p><p>Distribution — Papua New Guinea (West Sepik, East Sepik, Western Highlands, Eastern Highlands).</p><p>Habitat &amp; Ecology — Occurring in mid montane forest from elevations of 1 350–2 300(–4 400) m.</p><p>Conservation status — This widespread species is inadequately sampled to evaluate confidently its conservation status.</p><p>Additional specimens examined. PAPUA NEW GUINEA, West Sepik, Telefomin, A. Vinas LAE 59527 (L, LAE); East Sepik, Eastern ridge of Sumset (Mt Hunstein), R. Hoogland 10954 &amp; L.A. Craven (BRI, K, L, LAE); Western Highlands, Mt Hagen, J.M. Wheeler ANU 6255 ( LAE); Mt Kaiap, H. Tagawa 72 ( LAE); Eastern Highlands, South Karius, W. Takeuchi 22429 ( LAE).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D1AC415C74FFD3FFA5B737FD7B7AA7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Paul, O. K.;Conn, B. J.;Henwood, M. J.	Paul, O. K., Conn, B. J., Henwood, M. J. (2024): Taxonomic review of Polyosma (Escalloniaceae) in Papuasia. Blumea 69: 54-88, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2024.69.01.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2024.69.01.07
03D1AC415C74FFD3FFA5B38FFB357CA5.text	03D1AC415C74FFD3FFA5B38FFB357CA5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polyosma finisterrae Schltr.	<div><p>8. Polyosma finisterrae Schltr.</p><p>Polyosma finisterrae Schltr. (1915) 131, f. 5A–E. — Type: R. Schlechter 19050 (B, lost), Papua New Guinea, Madang, ‘In den Wäldern des Finisterre-Gebirges (= Finisterre Ranges)’. — Neotype (designated here): D.B. Foreman &amp; A. Vinas LAE 60114 (neo LAE; isoneo BRI), Papua New Guinea, Central, Boridi.</p><p>Typification. Rudolph Schlechter (1915: 9) based his concept of P. finisterrae solely on a single collection (R. Schlechter 19050) from the Madang Province of Papua New Guinea. The neotype is here based on the botanical illustration (Protologue,f. 5 A – E, p. 10) of this collection since the herbarium specimen has not been found at B. Furthermore, no other material that he may have examined has been located .</p><p>Tree, 2–10 m tall. Branchlets glabrous, brown with grey pustules. Leaves glabrous; petiole 0.5–1.5 cm long; lamina elliptic, 3.5–10 by 1–5 cm, coriaceous, drying both surfaces dark brownish black; base acute, margin serrate, sometimes sparsely toothed, apex acuminate; secondary veins 9–20 on each side and at an angle greater than 45° from midrib, regularly looping near margin onto the next secondary vein; tertiary veins weakly percurrent, not prominent on abaxial surface. Inflorescence racemose, axillary, 20–30-flowered; rachis 2.5–4 cm long, glabrous, with flowers loosely and evenly arranged; pedicels 2–5 mm long; bracteoles 1–3 mm long, glabrous. Calyx lobes 1–4 mm long. Corolla buds tubular, (4–) 5–14 mm long, white; corolla moderately hairy, fully split into 4 lobes at anthesis. Fruits ovoid, 5 – 8 by 4 – 6 mm, slightly hairy, green to purplish blue, drying black.</p><p>Distribution — Papua New Guinea (Morobe, Central, New Ireland).</p><p>Habitat &amp; Ecology — Occurring in natural hill forest on ultrabasic soils from elevations of 457–1 300 m.</p><p>Conservation status — Like many of the other species of Polyosma occurring in New Guinea, the distribution of this species is inadequately known. However, this species is probably not of concern.</p><p>Additional specimens examined. PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Morobe, Kamiali Wildlife Management Area, O. Paul &amp; S.A. James SAJ100 (BISH, LAE);ibid., W. Takeuchi 21049 &amp; 21051 ( LAE);Central,Boridi, D.B. Foreman &amp; A. Vinas LAE 60114 ( LAE); New Ireland, Mt Agil, J. Regalado 1543 (L, LAE).</p><p>Notes — 1. Schlechter described the petioles (‘Stielchen’) as ‘ca. 1.5 mm long’ (Schlechter 1915: 128 – in the identification key) is regarded as a typographical error that should be corrected to ‘c. 1.5 cm long.’</p><p>2. The young leaves of this species are purplish and whitish. The new species P. infernaralis was previously included in a broad circumscription of P. finisterrae; however, these species are readily distinguished by several morphological features (see diagnosis of P. infernaralis).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D1AC415C74FFD3FFA5B38FFB357CA5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Paul, O. K.;Conn, B. J.;Henwood, M. J.	Paul, O. K., Conn, B. J., Henwood, M. J. (2024): Taxonomic review of Polyosma (Escalloniaceae) in Papuasia. Blumea 69: 54-88, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2024.69.01.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2024.69.01.07
03D1AC415C74FFCCFCEAB580FD707830.text	03D1AC415C74FFCCFCEAB580FD707830.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polyosma flenleyi Schulze-Menz ex B. J. Conn & O. K. Paul 2024	<div><p>9. Polyosma flenleyi Schulze-Menz ex B.J.Conn &amp; O.K.Paul, sp. nov. — Fig. 7</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet of this new species commemorates the collector of the type material, palaeo-ecologist Dr John Roger Flenley (15 July 1936 – 22 June 2018),who collected extensively throughout the Western Highlands district of Papua New Guinea, particularly in the Wabag area, during 1964–1965 (Van Steenis-Krusemann 1977).</p><p>Polyosma flenleyi is morphologically like P. torricellensis (not included in our morphometric analyses), but it differs by it being a smaller subcanopy tree (c. 5 m tall), with similar shaped leaves that are smaller (3–6 cm long, 1.5–3 cm wide), whereas P. torricellensis is a canopy tree (10–20 m tall), with leaf lamina (9–15 cm long, 1.5–3.5 cm wide). — Type: J.R. Flenley ANU 2584 (holo CANB [CANB157388.1]; iso K, L [L1868132], LAE [ LAE 77341]), Papua New Guinea, Western Highlands, Wabag, 5 Mar. 1965.</p><p>Tree, c. 5 m tall, c. 4 cm diam. Branchlets sparsely hairy, brownish on young, glabrous when mature, lenticels scattered, brown. Leaves glabrous; petiole 0.5–1.5 cm long, brown; lamina narrowly elliptic-ovate, 3–6 by 1.5–3 cm, coriaceous, drying brown on both surfaces; base acute, margin shortly dentate, sometimes appearing entire (in error), apex acuminate; secondary veins 14–20, on each side and at an angle greater than 45° from midrib, regularly looping near margin onto the next secondary vein; tertiary vein weakly percurrent, glabrous, not prominent on abaxial surface. Inflorescence racemose, terminal, &lt;20-flowered; rachis 5–6 cm long, sparsely hairy; flowers loosely and evenly arranged; pedicels 2–3 mm long, narrow; bracteoles 1–2 mm long, sparsely hairy. Calyx lobes 1–3 mm long. Corolla buds tubular, (5–) 8–10 mm long, green, often with yellowish tinge; corolla moderately hairy, remaining tubular at anthesis, except opening with 4 small lobes distally. Fruits ovoid, 3–4 by 2–3 mm, sparsely hairy, purple.</p><p>Distribution — Papua New Guinea (Western Highlands), only known from the type collection.</p><p>Habitat &amp; Ecology — Recorded as occurring in mid montane forest at an elevation of 2 670 m.</p><p>Conservation status — Not known.</p><p>Notes — 1. Although the leaves of P. flenleyi and P. torricellensis sometimes appear entire, the leaf margin of both is shortly dentate.The leaves of P. flenleyi have 14–20 secondary veins on each side of the midrib ( P. torricellensis has c. 8). In the analysis presented in this paper, P. flenleyi is morphologically similar to P. gigantea, albeit somewhat distant. Polyosma flenleyi has leaves with lamina narrowly elliptic-ovate and are mostly shorter (3–6 cm long), with longer corollas (5–10 mm long), compared to P. gigantea that has elliptic leaves (5.5– 11 cm long) and short corollas (3–5 mm long).</p><p>2. The juvenile leaves of P. flenleyi are purplish green.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D1AC415C74FFCCFCEAB580FD707830	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Paul, O. K.;Conn, B. J.;Henwood, M. J.	Paul, O. K., Conn, B. J., Henwood, M. J. (2024): Taxonomic review of Polyosma (Escalloniaceae) in Papuasia. Blumea 69: 54-88, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2024.69.01.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2024.69.01.07
03D1AC415C6BFFCDFFA5B17DFD537BC0.text	03D1AC415C6BFFCDFFA5B17DFD537BC0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polyosma forbesii Lauterb.	<div><p>10. Polyosma forbesii Valeton ex Lauterb.</p><p>Polyosma forbesii Valeton ex Lauterb.(1912) 821. — Lectotype (designated here): H.O. Forbes 700 (lecto BM [BM611313]; isolecto BO [BO1887896], LAE [ LAE 87220], MEL [MEL578183], P [P423765]), Papua New Guinea, Central, Southeast New Guinea, Sogeri, anno 1885.</p><p>Tree, 10–20 m tall. Branchlets densely hairy, brown, smooth. Leaves densely hairy; petiole 0.5–3.5 cm long, brown; lamina broadly elliptic, (3–)10–24 by (2–) 5–9.5 cm, coriaceous, drying brown on both surfaces; base acute, margin serrate, apex attenuate; secondary veins 10–27 on each side and at an angle greater than 45° from midrib, regularly looping near margin onto the next secondary vein; tertiary veins weakly percurrent, pubescent, prominent on abaxial surface. Inflorescence racemose, usually axillary, or possibly terminal, 20–30-flowered; rachis 5–12 cm long, densely hairy; pedicels 5–10 mm long; bracteoles 5–10 mm long, densely hairy. Calyx lobes 1–7 mm long, hairy. Corolla buds tubular, (5–) 11–35 mm long, yellowish green to greenish white; corolla densely hairy, remaining tubular at anthesis, except opening with 4 small lobes distally. Fruits ovoid, 5–15 by 3–7 mm, sparsely hairy, purplish black.</p><p>Distribution — Indonesia (Vogelkop), Papua New Guinea (West Sepik, East Sepik, Morobe, Western Highlands, Eastern Highlands, Southern Highlands, Western, Central, Milne Bay, New Britain).</p><p>Habitat &amp; Ecology — Occurring in lowland to mossy forest from elevations of 20–3 000 m.</p><p>Conservation status — Not of concern.</p><p>Additional specimens examined. INDONESIA, Papua Barat,Vogelkop,Ewai, C. Versteegh BW 7437 (L). – PAPUA NEW GUINEA, West Sepik, near Folongonom, W.R. Barker et al. LAE 67506 (L, LAE); Telefomin, E.E. Henty NGF 20858 (K, L, LAE); Morobe, Pindu, B.B. Bau LAE 84262 (L, LAE); Kabum, K.M. Fazang, R. Jansen &amp; S.B. Sennart LAE 78748 ( LAE); Gumi Logging Area, M. Heads 456 ( LAE);Bulolo, J.J. Havel &amp; A. Kairo NGF 9125 (K, LAE); Wau, G.H. Thomas 11535 (K, LAE); Kuali Creek, c. 5 miles S of Wau, T.G. Hartley 11535 (L, LAE); Western Highlands, Mt Hagen, J.R. Croft &amp; O. Akakavara LAE 68137 (L, LAE); Eastern Highlands, Okapa, T.G. Hartley 12145 (K, LAE); Kainantu, H. West NGF 5654 ( LAE); P. Katik LAE 74940 ( LAE); Crater Mountain, W. Takeuchi 11841 &amp; 11249 (L, LAE); Southern Highlands, Mt Bosavi, Tari, M. Jacobs 9054 ( LAE); P. Katik LAE 77989 ( LAE); Western, Morehead, R. Pullen 7233 (L, LAE); Makapa, P. Oliver LAE 87618 ( LAE); Bensbach, M. Galore &amp; C.E. Ridsdale NGF 33739 (K, LAE); Oriomo River, K.J. White &amp; E. Gray NGF 10402 (K, L, LAE); Central, Koitaki, C.E. Carr 12644, 12780 (L, NY); Sogeri, H.O. Forbes 315 (L); G.H. Thomas 10725 (K, LAE); Milne Bay, Mt Suckling, P.F. Stevens &amp; J.­F. Veldkamp LAE 54111 (L, LAE); New Britain,Whiteman Range, S.A. James 133 ( LAE, NSW);Gasmata, D. Sayers NGF 24173 (K, LAE).</p><p>Notes — A reassessment of this species has resulted in it being more widespread than suggested byConn &amp; Damas (2019). However, the broad species concept applied by Conn &amp; Damas (2019) appeared not taxonomically useful since it included the distinct new species P. kamialiensis . Polyosma forbesii (s.str.) has leaves with margin serrate and 10–27 secondary veins on each side of midvein, whereas P. kamialiensis has entire leaves with 8–10 secondary veins on each side of midvein.</p><p>The inflorescence of this species is usually axillary, although the inflorescence of Forbes 315 (L) is terminal. In Carr 12644 (L), the inflorescences are axillary but are restricted to the one or two distal nodes. In Forbes 500 (MEL578183, one of the isolectotypes) the position of the inflorescence is unclear because most are detached from the specimen, but probably axillary, whereas the inflorescences of the lectotype (BM611313) are mostly axillary in the distal nodes (vs Carr 12644), but with one rachis appearing to be terminal (vs Forbes 315) .</p><p>Schlechter (1915) proposed that Ledermann 12010 (not seen) represented a possible new species. However, based on the brief description provided by him, it is here regarded as P. forbesii .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D1AC415C6BFFCDFFA5B17DFD537BC0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Paul, O. K.;Conn, B. J.;Henwood, M. J.	Paul, O. K., Conn, B. J., Henwood, M. J. (2024): Taxonomic review of Polyosma (Escalloniaceae) in Papuasia. Blumea 69: 54-88, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2024.69.01.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2024.69.01.07
03D1AC415C6AFFCDFFA5B32FFBE87FE1.text	03D1AC415C6AFFCDFFA5B32FFBE87FE1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polyosma gigantea Baker f.	<div><p>11. Polyosma gigantea Baker f.</p><p>Polyosma gigantea Baker f. (1923) 13. — Lectotype (designated here): H.O. Forbes 716 (lecto BM [BM611314]; isolecto L [L 0035081], MEL [MEL578184]), Papua New Guinea, Central, Sogeri,“Mt.Wori-wori, 5000 ft, 716”, 1885–1886.</p><p>Typification. Since E. G. Baker did not assign a holotype, the specimen (H. O. Forbes 716) held at BM is here designated as the lectotype of the species .</p><p>Canopy tree c. 15 m tall. Branchlets glabrous, brown, craterous scars prominent, left behind by petiole of fallen leaves. Leaves glabrous; petiole 1–2 cm long, brown; lamina elliptic, 5.5–11 by 2–3 cm, coriaceous, drying brown on both surfaces; base acute, margin with an occasional small tooth, rarely entire, apex acuminate; secondary veins 13–25 on each side and at an angle greater than 45° from midrib, regularly looping near margin onto the next secondary vein; tertiary veins weakly percurrent, not prominent on abaxial surface. Inflorescence racemose, terminal, &lt;20-flowered; rachis 8.5–10 cm long, sparsely hairy; pedicels 6–7 mm long; bracteoles 1–5 mm long, sparsely hairy. Calyx lobes 2 – 5 mm long. Corolla buds tubular, 3–5 mm long, whitish yellow, often with greenish tinge; corolla moderately hairy, remaining tubular at anthesis, except opening with 4 small lobes distally. Fruits not seen.</p><p>Distribution — Papua New Guinea (Central, Milne Bay).</p><p>Habitat &amp; Ecology — Occurring in lowland forest at an elevation of 1 500 m.</p><p>Conservation status — Since this species is taxonomically not well known, its conservation status cannot be evaluated.</p><p>Additional specimen examined. PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Milne Bay, Misima,</p><p>P. Katik et al. LAE 70862 (L, LAE).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D1AC415C6AFFCDFFA5B32FFBE87FE1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Paul, O. K.;Conn, B. J.;Henwood, M. J.	Paul, O. K., Conn, B. J., Henwood, M. J. (2024): Taxonomic review of Polyosma (Escalloniaceae) in Papuasia. Blumea 69: 54-88, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2024.69.01.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2024.69.01.07
03D1AC415C6AFFCDFCEAB6CBFAEC794E.text	03D1AC415C6AFFCDFCEAB6CBFAEC794E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polyosma glaberrima Schulze-Menz ex B. J. Conn & O. K. Paul 2024	<div><p>12. Polyosma glaberrima Schulze-Menz ex B.J.Conn &amp; O.K.Paul, sp. nov. — Fig. 8</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet ( ‘ glaberrima ’) refers to the glabrous branchlets, leaves and fruits that characterize this species.</p><p>Polyosma glaberrima is morphologically most similar to P. gigantea with both having glabrous, acuminate leaves; however, P. glaberrima has an entire leaf margin, whereas P. gigantea has a leaf margin with an occasional small tooth, rarely entire. — Type: L.J. Brass 25739 (holo K; iso L [L 1871121]), Papua New Guinea, Milne Bay,Normanby Island,Mt Pabinama, 5 May 1956.</p><p>Subcanopy tree c. 12 m tall, bole c. 2.5 cm diam. Branchlets glabrous, black with scattered lenticels. Leaves glabrous; petiole 1.5–3 cm long, light brown; lamina obovate, 5–12 by 3–7 cm, thickly coriaceous, discolours in dried materials, yellowish brown adaxially, brown abaxially; base acute, margin entire, apex acuminate; secondary veins 8–18 on each side of midrib and at an angle greater than 45° from midrib, looping near margin onto the next secondary vein; tertiary veins weakly percurrent, not prominent on abaxial surface. Flowers not seen. Infructescence racemose, terminal, with fruits loosely and evenly arranged; fruiting rachis c. 6 mm long, with &lt;20 fruits per rachis, glabrous; fruiting pedicels 7–10 mm long. Fruits ovoid, 6–13 by 4–8 mm, glabrous, green (immature).</p><p>Distribution — Papua New Guinea (Western Highlands, Central and Milne Bay).</p><p>Habitat &amp; Ecology — Recorded from tall moss-forest at an elevation of 850 m.</p><p>Conservation status — Not known.</p><p>Additional specimens examined (Paratypes). PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Western Highlands,Tambul, M.Coode NGF 40023 ( LAE);Central,Lake Myola, J.R. Croft &amp; Y. Lelan NGF 34819 (L, LAE); Milne Bay, Normanby Island, M.A. Benjamin LAE 67860 (L, LAE).</p><p>Notes — 1. Polyosma glaberrima also differs from P. gigantea by having obovate, broader leaves (3–7 cm wide vs leaves elliptic and 2–3 cm wide in P. gigantea).</p><p>2. Polyosma glaberrima is also morphologically like P. mucronata and P. stenosiphon, with all three species having a glabrous abaxial leaf surface (or with only an occasional hair). It differs from P. mucronata by having variously obovate leaves, with petiole much shorter than lamina length (both characteristics shared with P. stenosiphon), whereas P. mucronata has elliptic or narrowly ovate leaves, with petiole almost as long as the lamina. Polyosma glaberrima is readily distinguished from P. stenosiphon by the former species having mostly larger leaves (5–12 cm long, 3–7 cm wide) and longer petioles (1.5–3 cm long), whereas P. stenosiphon has leaves 4 – 6 cm long, 1.3–2(–3) cm wide, and petiole 0.7–1 cm long.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D1AC415C6AFFCDFCEAB6CBFAEC794E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Paul, O. K.;Conn, B. J.;Henwood, M. J.	Paul, O. K., Conn, B. J., Henwood, M. J. (2024): Taxonomic review of Polyosma (Escalloniaceae) in Papuasia. Blumea 69: 54-88, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2024.69.01.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2024.69.01.07
03D1AC415C6AFFCFFCEAB0A6FE887D5F.text	03D1AC415C6AFFCFFCEAB0A6FE887D5F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polyosma heliciiformis Kaneh. & Hatus.	<div><p>13. Polyosma heliciiformis Kaneh. &amp; Hatus.</p><p>Polyosma heliciiformis Kaneh.&amp; Hatus. (1942) 305,f. 2 (‘ heliciaeformis ’). — Type: R. Kanehira &amp; S. Hatusima 12333 (holo FU, n.v.; probable iso A [A42993]), Indonesia Papua, Geelvink Bay, Patema, “ 40 km inward from Nabire” (Kanehira &amp; Hatusima 1942: 307), ‘ 5 Mar. 1940 ’ and ‘ 5 May 1940 ’ (respectively).</p><p>Typification. The collection date of the replicate type material, as held at</p><p>A (‘ May 5, 1940 ’) is here regarded as a probable labelling error .</p><p>Shrub to 3 m tall. Branchlets tomentose with brown hairs. Leaves sparsely hairy abaxially, glabrous adaxially; petiole 1–2 cm long; lamina rhombic-oblong or narrowly obovate, 10–20 by 3–6 cm; base attenuate to narrowly cuneate, margin remotely crenulate-denticulate, apex acuminate; secondary veins 7–11 on each side and at an angle greater than 45° from midrib, regularly looping near margin onto the next secondary vein; tertiary veins weakly percurrent, glabrous, prominent on abaxial surface. Inflorescence racemose, subterminal, rachis 4 –5 cm long, hairy; bracteoles hairy. Calyx lobes c. 1.7 mm long. Corolla buds tubular, c. 12 mm long, white, with dense greyish hairs. Fruits ovoid, 13–15 by 5–7 mm, glabrous, blackish purple.</p><p>Distribution — Only known from the type material collected in West New Guinea (Indonesia Papua).</p><p>Habitat &amp; Ecology — Recorded from ‘rain-forests at about 400 m altitude’ (Kanehira &amp; Hatusima 1942: 307), but the (probable) isotype, Kanehira &amp; Hatusima 12333, as held at A, records the elevation as ‘Altitude above sea level 300 m’ .</p><p>Conservation status — The conservation status of this species is unknown.</p><p>Nomenclature — The specific epithet provided by Kanehira &amp; Hatusima (1942) (‘ heliciaeformis ’) consisted of two elements that were not combined correctly (Turland et al. 2018: Art. 60.10), and is corrected to ‘ heliciiformis ’.</p><p>Notes — Kanehira &amp; Hatusima (1942: 307, f. 2) described and illustrated the inflorescence of this species as ‘subterminal’. Their illustration suggests that the rachis arises laterally from a terminal inflorescence axis. Since additional specimens of this species are not known, the structure of the inflorescence cannot be investigated further.</p><p>This species is morphologically similar to P. dentata and P. helicioides; however, it differs by being a shrub c. 3 m tall (vs tree 4–6.8 m tall in P. dentata; tree 6–10 m tall in P. helicioides); branchlets tomentose with brown hairs, without pustules (vs branchlets glabrous, brown with scattered pustules in P. dentata; branchlets glabrous to slightly hairy, brown, with pustules in P. helicioides); leaves sparsely hairy (like P. helicioides) (vs glabrous in P. dentata); lamina rhombic-oblong or oblanceolate, 10–20 cm long (vs lamina broadly elliptic, 5.5–11.5 cm long in P. dentata; lamina elliptic, 5–22 cm long in P. helicioides); secondary veins 7–11 on each side (vs secondary veins 13–19 on each side in P. dentata; secondary veins 11–25 on each side in P. helicioides); and inflorescence subterminal (vs axillary in both other species).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D1AC415C6AFFCFFCEAB0A6FE887D5F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Paul, O. K.;Conn, B. J.;Henwood, M. J.	Paul, O. K., Conn, B. J., Henwood, M. J. (2024): Taxonomic review of Polyosma (Escalloniaceae) in Papuasia. Blumea 69: 54-88, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2024.69.01.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2024.69.01.07
03D1AC415C68FFCFFFA5B495FA867D32.text	03D1AC415C68FFCFFFA5B495FA867D32.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polyosma helicioides F. Muell.	<div><p>14. Polyosma helicioides F.Muell.</p><p>Polyosma helicioides F.Muell. (1885) 8. — Type: G. Belford s.n. (MEL, not located), Papua New Guinea,Central,“On Astrolabe-Range” (Von Mueller 1885 – protologue), without date. — Neotype (designated here): J. Chalmers s.n. (MEL [MEL568430]), Papua New Guinea, ‘ SE New Guinea (= Central Prov.)’, anno 1885 (see Typification below).</p><p>Typification. The type collection (Belford s.n.) cited in the protologue (Von Mueller 1885) has not been located at MEL. Therefore, the Chalmers s.n. collection has been selected as the neotype because Mueller regarded this material as belonging to this species and the label and notes are in Mueller’s hand (pers. comm. by H. Barnes, 10 Nov. 2022) .</p><p>Tree, 6–10 m tall, bole to 8 m, c. 10 cm diam. Branchlets glabrous to slightly hairy, brown, pustules. Leaves sparsely hairy; petiole 0.5–2 cm long; lamina elliptic, 5–22 by 2–7 cm, coriaceous, drying both surfaces brown; base acute, margin serrate, apex attenuate; secondary veins 11–25 on each side and at an angle greater than 45° from midrib, regularly looping near margin onto the next secondary vein; tertiary veins weakly percurrent, sparsely hairy, prominent on abaxial surface. Inflorescence racemose, axillary,&gt; 30-flowered; rachis 6–19 cm long, sparsely hairy, with flowers loosely and evenly arranged; pedicels 6–9 mm long; bracteoles 1–5 mm long, sparsely hairy. Calyx lobes 1–3 mm long. Corolla buds tubular, (5–) 8–10 mm long, white, often with greenish tinge; corolla densely hairy, remaining tubular at anthesis, except opening with 4 small lobes distally. Fruits ovoid, 5–15 by 3–8 mm, glabrous, green to bluish purple, drying brownish black.</p><p>Distribution — Indonesia (Papua Barat) and Papua New Guinea (Morobe, Western Highlands, Eastern Highlands, Southern Highlands, Western, Central, Northern, Milne Bay, New Britain).</p><p>Habitat &amp; Ecology — Occurring from lowland to high montane mossy forest from elevations of 20–2 500 m.</p><p>Conservation status — This widespread species is not regarded as endangered.</p><p>Additional specimens examined. INDONESIA, Papua Barat, Vogelkop, So- rong, Roefei River, P.van Royen 3147 (L). – PAPUA NEW GUINEA, West Sepik, S of Nerenavip village, D. Frodin NGF 32186 (L); Morobe, Wagau, O.K. Paul, B.J. Conn &amp; T.K. Kuria LAE 87519 ( LAE, NSW); M.J. Lovave 36 (L, LAE); Sattelberg, M.S. Clemens 5085 (L); Finschhafen, P. Katik &amp; J.R. Croft LAE 70757 (L, LAE); Mt Jasop, above Musum, K. Damas &amp; P. Katik LAE 74639 (L); K. Damas LAE 74636 ( LAE); Oomsis, E.E. Henty NGF 14302 (L, LAE); P. van Royen NGF 16329 (K, L, LAE); Lake Trist, E.E. Henty NGF 29104 (K, L, LAE); Western Highlands, Wabag, J.R. Flenley ANU 2602 (K, L, LAE); Eastern Highlands: near Lake Aunde, Mt Wilhelm, R. Hoogland 5675 &amp; R. Pullen (L); c. 0.5 miles S of Tomba, J.C. Saunders 665 (L); Daulo, J.C. Saunders 888, 889, 903 (L, LAE); Mt Gahavesuka Park, K. Kerenga &amp; N. Cruttwell LAE 56695 &amp; LAE 56696 (L, LAE); Marafunga, J.S. Womersley NGF 24567 (K, LAE,NSW); Southern Highlands,Mt Bosavi, M.Jacobs 8752 (L, LAE); Western, Oriomo River, J. White &amp; E. Gray NGF 10402 ( LAE); Central, Aloga, C.E. Carr 13621 (L); Alolo, C.E. Carr 14171 (L); Mt Kuriva, P. Katik 605 ( LAE); Sirinumu, R. Pullen 2867 ( LAE); Northern, Siurane, R. Pullen 5465 ( LAE); Milne Bay,Goodenough Islands, L.J. Brass 25109 (K, L, LAE); New Britain, Lackit, P. Katik &amp; C. Ridsdale NGF 38049 (K, L, LAE); Whiteman Range, O.K. Paul SAJ 201 (BISH, NSW).</p><p>Note — Mueller compared this species with P. ilicifolia (handwritten notes in upper right corner of neotype). Although the handwriting is faint and almost indecipherable, it appears to read: “Diff[ers] fr[om] P. ilicif [olia], but only in short leaf stalks (= petiole) and more abundant fl[owers] fruit unknown. [Otherwise,] It agrees with Java specimens.” Although differences in petiole length and flower abundance may not consistently distinguish these two species, P. helicioides has sparsely hairy leaves, whereas those of P. ilicifolia are glabrous.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D1AC415C68FFCFFFA5B495FA867D32	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Paul, O. K.;Conn, B. J.;Henwood, M. J.	Paul, O. K., Conn, B. J., Henwood, M. J. (2024): Taxonomic review of Polyosma (Escalloniaceae) in Papuasia. Blumea 69: 54-88, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2024.69.01.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2024.69.01.07
03D1AC415C68FFC8FCEAB47AFD957D62.text	03D1AC415C68FFC8FCEAB47AFD957D62.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polyosma induta Reeder	<div><p>15. Polyosma induta Reeder</p><p>Polyosma induta Reeder (1946) 284, 285. — Type: L.J. Brass 11482 (holo A [A42994] (see Typification below); iso BM [BM600392], BO, BRI [BRI-AQ342401],L [L 0035089]), Indonesia Papua, Snow Mountains, Bele River, 18 km NE of Lake Habbema, Nov. 1938.</p><p>Polyosma vochysioides Reeder (1946) 285. — Type: L.J. Brass 12090 (holo A [A42999] (see Typification below); iso BO, BRI [BRI-AQ342413], L [L 0035120]), Indonesia Papua, Snow Mountains, Bernhard Camp, Idenburg River, Jan. 1939.</p><p>Typification. Reeder (1946:275) states that “In the absence of parentheti- cal letters indicating the place of deposit [of specimens],cited specimens are to be found only at the Arnold Arboretum [A].” Since Reeder cited the type of P. induta as “ Brass 118483 (TYPE)” and that of P. vochysioides as “ Brass 12090 (TYPE)” (protologue, pages 284 &amp; 285, respectively), by inference, held at A, we accept that these specimens are the intended holotypes of these taxa as now understood. Based on this assumption, lectotypification is here regarded as unnecessary.</p><p>Small tree, c. 3 m tall. Branchlets densely hairy, brown, smooth. Leaves densely pilose; petiole 2–3.5 cm long, brown; lamina broadly elliptic, 11–18 by 4–7 cm, coriaceous, dried materials brown on both surfaces; base acute, margin serrate, apex attenuate; secondary veins 14–27 on each side and at an angle greater than 45° from midrib, regularly looping near margin onto the next secondary vein; tertiary vein weakly percurrent, hairy, prominent on abaxial surface. Inflorescence racemose, terminal,&lt;20-flowered; rachis 13–14 cm long, densely hairy; pedicels 3–4 mm long; bracteoles 1–2 mm long, densely hairy. Calyx lobes c. 2 mm long. Corolla buds tubular, 10–15 mm long, yellow or greenish white; corolla densely hairy, remaining tubular at anthesis, except opening with 4 small lobes distally. Fruits ovoid, c. 15 by 7 mm, densely hairy, pilose, light green.</p><p>Distribution — Indonesia (Indonesia Papua: Snow Mountains) and Papua New Guinea (West Sepik, East Sepik, Morobe, Southern Highlands, Western, Central, Milne Bay, New Britain).</p><p>Habitat &amp; Ecology — Occurring in Castanopsis­ dominated forest at elevations of about 1 300 m.</p><p>Conservation status — This inadequately known species is widespread and is not regarded as threatened.</p><p>Additional specimens examined. INDONESIA, Papua, Snow Mountains, Eipomek-Tol, P. Hiepko 1398 &amp; W. Schultze­Motel (L); Bele River 18 km NE of Lake Habbema, L.J. Brass 11483 (BRI, L, LAE); 15 km SW of Bernhard Camp, Idenburg River, L.J. Brass 12090 (BRI, LAE). – PAPUA NEW GUINEA, West Sepik, Bulindup, W of Oksapmin, E.E. Henty, R. Isgar &amp; M. Galore &amp; NGF 41627 (L); Telefomin, E.E. Henty, R. Isgar &amp; M. Galore NGF 41690 (L, LAE); K. Kerenga LAE 73993 (L, LAE); East Sepik, Hunstein Range, W. Takeuchi 6296 (L, LAE); Morobe, Manki Trig, Bulolo, A. Kairo 778 (L, LAE); Southern Highlands, Mt Ambua, Tari, W. Vink 16833 (L, LAE); Tari, J.S. Womersley NGF 39926 (K); Onim Hill, Mt Giluwe, J.R. Croft LAE 60903 (L, LAE); Western, Muller Range, W. Takeuchi 24626 &amp; 24628, D. Ama &amp; B. Gamui (L, LAE); Oriomo River, J.J. Havel NGF 17241 (L, LAE); Central, Kuriwa, A. Vinas UPNG 3237 ( LAE); Milne Bay, Misima, T.B. Croat 52922 ( LAE);Mt Gerebu, S.A. James 1341 ( LAE); New Britain,Gasmata, J.R. Croft NGF 15543 ( LAE).</p><p>Notes — 1. The taxonomic status of this species is very inadequately known, but it is regarded as morphologically most similar to P. forbesii . Polyosma induta is a small tree (c. 3 m tall), compared to P. forbesii which is a large tree 10–20 m tall. It also differs from P. forbesii by having a terminal inflorescence (vs axillary in P. forbesii).</p><p>2. Reeder (1946: 284) proposed that this species and P. vochysioides were “very similar in foliage but differ markedly in characters pertaining to the inflorescence were distinct”. The inflorescence of P. induta is terminal, whereas Reeder records the inflorescence of P. vochysioides as terminal or axillary. Reeder suggests that the latter taxon is more floriferous than P. induta but this difference is not supported. The additional collections now available for study support P. vochysioides being regarded as a synonym of P. induta .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D1AC415C68FFC8FCEAB47AFD957D62	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Paul, O. K.;Conn, B. J.;Henwood, M. J.	Paul, O. K., Conn, B. J., Henwood, M. J. (2024): Taxonomic review of Polyosma (Escalloniaceae) in Papuasia. Blumea 69: 54-88, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2024.69.01.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2024.69.01.07
03D1AC415C6FFFC8FFA5B44AFDAD788F.text	03D1AC415C6FFFC8FFA5B44AFDAD788F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polyosma infernaralis B. J. Conn & O. K. Paul 2024	<div><p>16. Polyosma infernaralis B.J.Conn &amp; O.K.Paul, sp. nov. — Fig. 9</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet ( infernaralis) of this new species refers to position of the inflorescences on the lower (infernus) leaf axils (- aralis).</p><p>Polyosma infernaralis is morphologically most like P. finisterrae, with both species having serrate leaves,but it differs by tending to have longer petioles (0.5–3 cm long; 0.5–1.5 cm long in P.finisterrae); leaf lamina narrowly ovate (vs elliptic in P. finisterrae), with apex attenuate (vs acuminate); brown or yellowish green corolla (vs white in P. finisterrae); and although both species have axillary inflorescences,those of P.infernaralis tend to occur in the lower axils of the leaves. — Type: L.J. Brass 30567 (holo LAE [ LAE 36134];iso L [L 0035098]), Papua New Guinea, Eastern Highlands,Mt Wilhelm, 17 July 1959.</p><p>Tree, 2–12 m tall. Branchlets glabrous, brown, smooth. Leaves glabrous; petiole 0.5–3 cm long, brown; lamina narrowly ovate, 3.5–8 by 1–3 cm, thinly coriaceous, drying brown on both surfaces; base acute, margin serrate, apex attenuate; secondary veins 10–23, on each side and at an angle greater than 45° from midrib, regularly looping near margin onto the next secondary vein; tertiary veins weakly percurrent, glabrous, not prominent on abaxial surface. Inflorescence racemose, in axils of lower leaves, &lt;20-flowered, rachis 2–4 cm long, sparsely hairy, light brown; flowers loosely and evenly arranged (not crowded together) near distal end of rachis; pedicels 3–4 mm long; bracteoles 0.5–1 mm long, sparsely hairy. Calyx lobes 0.5–3 mm long. Corolla buds tubular, 10–20 mm long, yellowish green, turning brownish. Fruits ovoid, 7–15 by 5–8 mm, glabrous, green to bluish black, drying brownish black.</p><p>Distribution — Papua New Guinea (West Sepik, Morobe, Western Highlands, Eastern Highlands, Southern Highlands, Milne Bay).</p><p>Habitat &amp; Ecology — Occurring in montane forest from elevations of 2 610–2 790 m.</p><p>Conservation status — Although this species appears to be widespread, its conservation status is unknown.</p><p>Additional specimens examined (Paratypes). PAPUA NEW GUINEA, West Sepik,Busilmin, A. Vinas LAE 59438 ( LAE); Telefomin, J.R. Croft &amp; Y.Lelean LAE 65759 (L, LAE); Morobe, Mt Wasaunon, K. Fazang LAE 78745 ( LAE); K. Fazang LAE 78853 ( LAE, NSW); Western Highlands,Jimi, J. Waikabu et al. LAE 73440 (L, LAE); Wabag, J.R. Flenley ANU 2847 (K, L, LAE); Eastern Highlands, Marafuga, P.J. Grubb 256 &amp; P.J. Edwards (L, LAE); track to Mt Michael, A. Kairo 448 (L, LAE); S. Sohmer LAE 75423 (L, LAE); Goroka, K. Kerenga &amp; C. Baker LAE 56926 (L, LAE); Mt Wilhelm, G. Robins 674 (L, LAE); A.I. Gentry 67527 ( LAE); Southern Highlands, Mt Giluwe, J.R. Croft LAE 65319 ( LAE, NSW); Onim, K. Rau 131 ( LAE); Ialibu, N.M.U. Clunie &amp; G. Larivita LAE 63225 (L, LAE); Anga Valley, R. Schodde 1548 (L, LAE); Milne Bay, Mt Dayman, L.J. Brass 22714 (L, LAE).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D1AC415C6FFFC8FFA5B44AFDAD788F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Paul, O. K.;Conn, B. J.;Henwood, M. J.	Paul, O. K., Conn, B. J., Henwood, M. J. (2024): Taxonomic review of Polyosma (Escalloniaceae) in Papuasia. Blumea 69: 54-88, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2024.69.01.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2024.69.01.07
03D1AC415C6FFFCAFFA5B1E7FDB47D24.text	03D1AC415C6FFFCAFFA5B1E7FDB47D24.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polyosma integrifolia Blume	<div><p>17. Polyosma integrifolia Blume</p><p>Polyosma integrifolia Blume (1826) 659. — Lectotype (designated here): C.L. Blume s.n. (L [L 0035091]; isolecto A), Indonesia, Java (Jawa Barat), ‘ in sylvis altioribus montis Burangrang (= Gunung Burangrang)’ (Blume 1826), without date (see Typification 1 below).</p><p>Polyosma brachyantha Merr. (1916) 273. — Lectotype (designated here): C.B. Robinson 1816 (lecto US [US 1293396]), Indonesia, Maluku,‘Amboina’ (= Ambon), Nov. 1913.Possible syntypes: Robinson 1814, 1815 (US) (see Typification 2 below).</p><p>Typification. 1. The collection from Java (= Jawa) by C.L.Blume (L 0035091) consists of several samples. Some are fragmented, although the central specimen, mounted with leaves directed toward the bottom and side of the herbarium sheet, is morphologically in agreement with the concept applied by most authors and is in agreement with the very brief protologue (Blume 1826). Georg Schulze-Menz had already annotated L 0035091 (in 1967) as suitable ‘lectotype’ material.</p><p>2. The protologue (Merrill 1916: 274) listed the specimens examined as “ Rel. [iquiae] Robins. [onianae] 1814, 1815, 1816 type. ” It is unclear if Merrill regarded all three collections as syntypes or if he intended Robinson 1816 to be the type, hence holotype. Since it is possible that he intended that only the latter specimen was to be the type, this specimen has been here designated as the lectotype.</p><p>Subcanopy to canopy tree, 6–20 m tall, bole 8–10 m long, 8–30 cm diam. Branchlets glabrous, pustules grey. Leaves glabrous; petiole 0.5–3 cm long; lamina elliptic, 5–19 by 2–6 cm, coriaceous, drying both surfaces light brown; base acute, margin entire, infrequently with an occasional tooth (possibly correlated with juvenile leaves), apex acuminate; secondary veins 13–42 on each side of midrib and at an angle greater than 45° from midrib, looping near margin onto the next secondary vein; tertiary veins weakly percurrent, glabrous, slightly prominent on abaxial surface. Inflorescence racemose, terminal,&gt; 30-flower- ed; rachis 9–22 cm long, hairy; pedicels (3–) 4–9 mm long; bracteoles 1–2 mm long, hairy. Calyx lobes 1–3 mm long. Corolla buds tubular, (5–) 7–10 mm long, white, often with pinkish tinge; corolla moderately hairy, remaining tubular at anthesis, except opening with 4 small lobes distally. Fruits ovoid, 4–10 by 2–8 mm, glabrous, green maturing to bluish black.</p><p>Distribution — Andaman Islands, Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, Philippines, Indonesia (Jawa, Bali, Nusa Tenggara Barat, Nusa Tenggara Timur, Sulawesi, Maluku), Timor Leste, and widespread throughout New Guinea to the Solomon Islands (Anonymous 2020; POWO continuously updated).</p><p>Habitat &amp; Ecology — Occurring in lowland forest, from elevations up to 1 500(–2 000) m.</p><p>Conservation status — Widespread species that is not considered to be at risk.</p><p>Additional specimens examined. BRUNEI, Tjiboebas 43 (WAG1930306). – INDONESIA, Sumatera, Korthals s.n., without date (L [L1867290]); Jawa, Madioen [Madiun], Ngebel, S.H. Koorders 29395B (U); Sulawesi, Sulawesi Tengah, Mt Roroka Timbu, c. 80 km SSE of Palu, E.F. de Vogel 5439 (L); Bali, Gunung Batu Kau, A. Dilmy 985 (L); Nusa Tenggara Timur (Kl. Soenda Eil[and]), Flores, E. Schumtz 1109 (L); Maluku, Amboina [Palau Ambon], B. Robinson 1816 (A, BM, L, US); Papua Barat, Geelvink Bay, Seroei, Eil[and] Japen, L. J. van Dijk Netherlands Indies Forest Service bb30450 (L); Wapoga River Area, J.P.Mogea 7030 (L);Wondiwoi Mountains,Wandammen Peninsula, F.A.W. Schram BW 13466 &amp; BW 13467 (L). – MALAYSIA, Sabah, Kg. [Kampong] Monsok, Joseph, Lideh, Donggop &amp; Gambio SAN110060 (L). – PAPUA NEW GUINEA, West Sepik, Torricelli Mountains, P.J. Darbyshire 231 (L, LAE); Mekil Research Station,Mt Stolle, R.Kiapranis KP465 (L); East Sepik, Mt Hunstein, W. Takeuchi 6303 (K, LAE); Morobe, Markham Point, P. Garrett­Jones 21144 ( LAE); Henty NGF 11970 ( LAE); Oomsis, T.G. Hartley 10483 (K, L, LAE); Buso, D.B. Foreman LAE 52337 (L, LAE); Allen Allison Track, W of Araro 1 River, W of Lababia, B.J. Conn 5805, K.Q. Damas, K.M. Fazang &amp; O. Paul (LAE, NSW);Kamiali, W. Takeuchi 21173, T. Jisaka, A. Towati &amp; D. Ama (L, LAE); Bubuu Valley, S. James 336 (NSW); Mt Missim, J.L.C. H. van Valkenburg 700 ( LAE); Southern Highlands, Hides, W. Takeuchi 19036, A. Towati &amp; T. Jisaka (L, LAE); Western, Eastern side of Bianglopmik (Lake Vivian), N of Biang Bluff, southern slopes of Star Mountains, B.J. Conn 5990, K.D.Q. Damas, D.J. Damas &amp; P. Homot ( LAE, NSW); Oriomo River, J.S. Womersley &amp; J. Havel NGF 17713 (K, LAE); Central, Sogeri, H.O. Forbes 692 (K, L, LAE); Milne Bay, Woodlark Islands, L.J. Brass 28599 ( LAE); Misima Islands, L.J. Brass 27482 ( LAE); New Britain, Kandrian, D. Sayers NGF 21975 (K, L, LAE); New Ireland, New Hanover, J.R. Croft LAE 65500 (L, LAE); Namatanai, M. Coode &amp; M.J.S. Sands NGF 57180 ( LAE); O. Gideon LAE 57180 (L, LAE); Manus, Derimbat, D.B. Foreman LAE 52356 (BRI, L, LAE); Buyang, K. Kerenga &amp; J.R. Croft LAE 77334 (L, LAE); near Buyang II village, M.J.S. Sands 2605, G.A. Pattison &amp; J.J. Woods ( LAE); Derimbat, D.B. Foreman LAE 52356 ( LAE, NSW); Peil Kaw, K. Kerenga et al. LAE 77547 (K, L, LAE); Dage, N.E.G.C. Cruttwell 1773 (K, LAE); Mt Dremsel, B.C. Stone &amp; H. Streimann LAE 53662 (L, LAE); Bougainville,Paguna, R.Berena 217 ( LAE); Siwai, J.H.L. Waterhouse 625­B (L). – SOLOMON ISLANDS, Choiseul, I.H. Gafui &amp; collectors BSIP17415 (L); New Georgia, NW Kolombangara, Rei Area, R. Mauriasi &amp; collectors BSIP11638 (L); Gatukai Islands, C.T. Whitmore BSIP1254 ( LAE); Santa Isabel, Binusa, W.W. Beer’s collectors BSIP6618 (L); Barora Ite islands, Madagha bay Area, R. Mauriasi BSIP16199 ( LAE); Guadalcanal, Makina Area, R. Mauriasi &amp; collectors BSIP11282 (L); ridge top Duidui Area, R. Mauriasi &amp; collectors BSIP12064 (L); Malaita, Lataanihato Area (Wairokai), I.H. Gafui &amp; collectors BSIP10265 (L); West Coast Kiu, Z.Lipaqeto BSIP3556 ( LAE); San Cristobal, Tetera, I.H. Gafui &amp; collectors BSIP12518 (L); Wairaha River, C.T Whitmore BSIP4375 ( LAE).</p><p>Notes — This species is morphologically most like P. buxea, with both species having glabrous leaves and white corollas. However, the leaves of P. integrifolia are elliptic with margin entire or occasionally with a small tooth, whereas P. buxea has narrowly elliptic to slightly narrowly ovate leaves with margin always entire.</p><p>Polyosma integrifolia has many morphological similarities to P. induta, but the latter species has serrate leaves whereas P. integrifolia has entire leaves. Reeder (1946) suggested that P. brachyantha, originally described as a species from Maluku (Indonesia), occurred in Papua New Guinea, based on two collections that he cited (Brass 3899 and Kajewski 1647). Unfortunately, these specimens were not available for study, so we were unable to determine their identity with certainty. However, this taxon is here regarded as a synonym of P. integrifolia based on its protologue.</p><p>As currently recognized, P. integrifolia is a very widespread, broadly circumscribed species. Blume (1851) circumscribed several varieties within P. integrifolia . Although a more detailed evaluation of the morphological variation within this species is required, the broad species concept applied here appears to summarize adequately the taxonomy of this taxon. Plants of this species occurring at higher elevations in Papua New Guinea tend to have shorter petioles and smaller leaf laminas than those growing at lower elevations.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D1AC415C6FFFCAFFA5B1E7FDB47D24	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Paul, O. K.;Conn, B. J.;Henwood, M. J.	Paul, O. K., Conn, B. J., Henwood, M. J. (2024): Taxonomic review of Polyosma (Escalloniaceae) in Papuasia. Blumea 69: 54-88, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2024.69.01.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2024.69.01.07
03D1AC415C6DFFC4FCEAB697FB3B7FDD.text	03D1AC415C6DFFC4FCEAB697FB3B7FDD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polyosma kamialiensis B. J. Conn & O. K. Paul 2024	<div><p>18. Polyosma kamialiensis B.J.Conn &amp; O.K.Paul, sp. nov. — Fig. 10, 11</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet of this new species ( kamialiensis), refers to the Kamiali area,near the village of Lababia (Papua New Guinea, Morobe Province) where this species is known to occur.</p><p>Polyosma kamialiensis is morphologically similar to P. pubescens but differs from the latter by having leaves with lamina elliptic to slightly obovate, 11–25 by (4–) 5–8 cm, with 17–28 secondary veins on each side of the midrib (vs P. pubescens that has elliptic leaves, 9–11 by 3.5–4.5 mm, with 10–15 secondary veins). — Type: B.J. Conn 5232, O.K. Paul, D.J. Damas &amp; S.B. Sennart (holo NSW [NSW772015]; iso LAE [ LAE 209120]), Papua New Guinea, Morobe, Kamiali Wildlife Management Area,S of Kamiali Guest House, 21 May 2009.</p><p>Polyosma forbesii auct.non Valeton ex Lauterb.: Conn &amp; Damas (2019) f. 416.</p><p>Erect subcanopy tree, 10–15 m tall; trunk cylindrical, dbh 15–17 cm; bole straight, up to 5–10 m long, moderately to coarsely ridged, fluted at base or buttresses-like, with buttressing up to 40 cm high; outer bark brown, rough, slightly fissured, pustular, with lenticels irregular; subrhytidome red; bark 5–10 mm thick; inner bark 1-layered, strongly aromatic, unpleasant; pale to dark red, with stripes (sometimes indistinct), fibrous; exudate colourless, not readily flowing, colour not changing and not sticky. Branchlets hairy, pale brown, with spreading off-white hairs. Leaves: petiole 1.5–2(–2.8) cm long, densely hairy, like branchlets; lamina elliptic to slightly obovate, 11–25 by (4–) 5– 8 cm, subglossy, dull pale green abaxially, green to dark green adaxially, coriaceous, rough, densely hairy on abaxial surface and along midvein on adaxial surface; base acute, margin entire, apex ± attenuate; secondary veins dull yellow-green, 8–10 on each side of midrib and at an angle greater than 45° from midrib, regularly looping near margin onto the next lateral vein; tertiary veins weakly percurrent, densely hairy, prominent on abaxial surface. Inflorescence racemose, axillary, erect (young inflorescence pale green),&gt; 30-flowered; rachis (5–)7–13(–18) cm long, hairy; flowers clustered together; pedicels (3–) 4–8 mm long; bracteoles (1–) 2–6.8 mm long, hairy. Calyx lobes 1–3 mm long. Corolla buds tubular, 10–20 mm long, white to pale yellow, often with greenish tinge; corolla densely hairy, remaining tubular at anthesis, except opening with 4 small lobes distally. Fruits ovoid or globular, 5–10 by 4–8 mm, smooth, green with slight maroon tinge (when immature), maturing to blackish purple, moderately hairy, with hairs antrorse.</p><p>Distribution — Endemic to the Kamiali area of Morobe Province of Papua New Guinea.</p><p>Habitat &amp; Ecology — Occurring in open secondary mixed alluvial, lowland to lower montane forest. Growing on rich humic clayey soils.</p><p>Conservation status — Although this species is restricted to a small area, since it is included in the Kamiali Conservation Management Area, it is afforded some protection.</p><p>Vernacular name — Tar (Kela language; Informant: Tanny Gei).</p><p>Uses — Wood used by local people for building houses.</p><p>Additional specimens examined (Paratypes). PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Morobe, Kamiali Conservation Area, Baudu, near Alalo 2 Creek, B.J. Conn 5571, K.Q. Damas, D.J. Damas &amp; B.G. Sule ( LAE, NSW); Allen Allison Track, c. 100 m W of Araro 1 River, 1.7 km W of Lababia Village, B.J. Conn 5804, K.Q. Damas, K.M. Fazang &amp; O.K. Paul (LAE, NSW); trail to Cliffside from Kamiali Guest House, O.K Paul &amp; S.A. James SAJ133 (NSW); O.K. Paul &amp; S.A. James LAE 87544 (L); Bulili ridge near Lababia, W. Takeuchi 14329, 15090 ( LAE); ridge to Cape Roon, slopes above Ariwiri river, Lababia, W. Takeuchi 14884, 14894 &amp; A. Towati (CANB, L, LAE);near Tabare (Tabali) river, Lababia, W. Takeuchi 15413, D. Ama &amp; A. Towati ( LAE); ridge to Blue Mountain, near the Nembebah bivouac, W. Takeuchi 21047 ( LAE).</p><p>Notes — 1. Polyosma kamialiensis shares several morphological similarities with P. pubescens and P. schulzemenzii (all Papuasian species), all having hairy leaves with margin entire, and apex attenuate. Apart from the differences mentioned in the diagnosis (above), P. kamialiensis has leaves and rachis that are densely hairy, with hairs retrorse to reflexed compared to P. pubescens that has leaves and rachis sparsely hairy with spreading hairs. The white to pale yellow corolla of P. kamialiensis also differs from the pinkish green corollas of P. pubescens .</p><p>2. The morphological differences that readily distinguish this new species from P. schulzemenzii include bracteole length ( P. kamialiensis usually 2–6.8 mm long vs 5–10 mm long in P. schulzemenzii), white to pale yellow corollas (vs greenish brown in P. schulzemenzii), and leaf lamina with base acute (vs rounded in P. schulzemenzii).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D1AC415C6DFFC4FCEAB697FB3B7FDD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Paul, O. K.;Conn, B. J.;Henwood, M. J.	Paul, O. K., Conn, B. J., Henwood, M. J. (2024): Taxonomic review of Polyosma (Escalloniaceae) in Papuasia. Blumea 69: 54-88, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2024.69.01.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2024.69.01.07
03D1AC415C63FFC5FCEAB72AFEE778BB.text	03D1AC415C63FFC5FCEAB72AFEE778BB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polyosma leptorhachis Schulze-Menze ex B. J. Conn & O. K. Paul 2024	<div><p>19. Polyosma leptorhachis Schulze-Menz ex B.J.Conn &amp; O.K.Paul, sp. nov. — Fig. 12</p><p>Etymology.The specific epithet ( leptorhachis) of this new species refers to the slender, narrow (lepto­) axis (- rhachis) of the inflorescences.</p><p>Polyosma leptorhachis is morphologically similar to P.rigidiuscula (from Australia) with both being shrubby to small trees,but it differs by having a shorter petiole (1–1.5 cm long) and smaller lamina (3.5–8 by 1.5–2 cm), compared to P. rigidiuscula which has a longer petiole (3–8 cm long) and larger lamina (usually 8–15.8 by 2.1–5 cm). — Type: N.A. Vinas &amp; O. Akakavara LAE 59712 (holo LAE [ LAE 228627]; iso A, BISH, BRI [BRI-AQ352765], CANB, E, K, L, M, NSW [NSW2396705]), Papua New Guinea, New Britain, East Nakanai Plateau, 8 Nov. 1975.</p><p>Small tree, up to c. 5 m tall. Branchlets glabrous, with scattered white lenticels. Leaves glabrous; petiole 1–1.5 cm long, brown; lamina elliptic, 3.5–8 by 1.5–2.5 cm, coriaceous, drying brown on both surfaces; base cuneate, margin serrate, apex acuminate or attenuate; secondary veins 15–22 on each side and an angle greater than 45° from midrib, regularly looping near margin onto the next secondary vein; tertiary vein weakly percurrent, glabrous, not prominent on abaxial surface. Inflorescence racemose, terminal, &lt;20-flowered; rachis 2.5–3 cm long, glabrous; flowers loosely and evenly arranged; pedicels 2–3 mm long, narrow; bracteoles 1–3 mm long, sparsely hairy. Calyx lobes 1–2 mm long. Corolla buds tubular, 10–15 mm long, green with yellow tinge, turning brown; corolla moderately hairy, remaining tubular at anthesis, except opening with 4 small lobes distally. Fruits ovoid, c. 8 by 5 mm, glabrous, green.</p><p>Distribution — Papua New Guinea (Eastern Highlands, Southern Highlands, Western, Central, Milne Bay, New Britain).</p><p>Habitat &amp; Ecology — Occurring in montane Beech forests, often on limestone derived soils, at elevations from 2 040 – 2 610 m.</p><p>Conservation status — Not endangered.</p><p>Additional specimens examined (Paratypes). PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Morobe, Siboma, S.A. James 804 &amp; 805 ( LAE, NSW); Buso Mountains, K. Rau 611 ( LAE); Lake Trist, E.E. Henty NGF 29104 (BRI, LAE); Western Highlands, Mt Oibo, W. Takeuchi 10677 (K, L, LAE); Eastern Highlands, Okapa, T.G. Hartley 12157 ( LAE); Daulo Pass, K. Kerenga 154 ( LAE); Mt Otto, D.B. Foreman, Farley, Short &amp; Hynes NGF 48050 (L, LAE); Southern Highlands, Mt Ne, Habono, D. Frodin NGF 28355 (K, L); 0.75 miles SE of Lei Camp on track to Ibiwara, D. Frodin NGF 28356 (L); D. Frodin NGF 28485 (L); Ibiwara, D. Frodin NGF 28448 (K, L); Onim, Mt Giluwe, J. Ash ANU 20473 ( LAE); Kiburu, R. Schodde 1437 (L, LAE); Hides, W.Takeuchi 19179 ( LAE);Western, Juha South, W. Takeuchi 23115, A. Gambia &amp; T. Jisaka ( LAE); Central,[Main Range] Above the Gap, 2439 m, C.E. Carr 13758 (L); Main Range NW of the Gap, C.E. Carr 15223 (L); Varirata National Park, D.G. Frodin 8052 ( LAE); Milne Bay, Goodenough Island, L.J. Brass 25109 ( LAE); New Britain,Lower slopes of Mt Lululua, P.F. Stevens &amp; Y. Lelean LAE 58215 (BRI, L, LAE).</p><p>Notes — 1. Polyosma leptorhachis is also morphologically like P. brachystachys (from New Caledonia) which is also small, being shrubby to a small tree. Polyosma leptorhachis, P. rigidiuscula and P. brachystachys can be readily distinguished by P. leptorhachis having shorter inflorescences (rachis 2.5–3 cm long), whereas the other two species have longer inflorescences ( P. rigidiuscula – rachis 3–11 cm long, and P. brachystachys – c. 5 cm long).</p><p>2. Polyosma leptorhachis is also morphologically similar to P. mucronata and P. subalpina . It is a small tree up to 5 m tall, like P. subalpina (vs shrub up to 1 m tall for P. mucronata); it occurs at lower elevations, up to 2 600 m (vs P. mucronata which extends to high elevations, up to 3 500 m and P. subalpina at elevations of at least 3 000 m). It can also be distinguished by its elliptic leaf lamina (vs obovate for P. acuminata), leaf base cuneate (vs acute for P. mucronata and P. subalpina), and apex acuminate or attenuate (vs the apices are mucronate in P. mucronata and P. subalpina). The lamina of P. leptorhachis has 15–22 secondary veins on each side of the midrib (vs 7–13 in P. mucronata and 9–15 in P. subalpina). The inflorescence rachis is usually shorter than the other two species (2.5–3 cm long) and glabrous, whereas the rachis in the other two species is hairy and 5.5–6 cm long ( P. mucronata) and 1.5–9.5 cm long ( P. subalpina).</p><p>3. Schulze-Menz annotated the collection Carr 13758 (L) as a new species, but this collection is regarded as P. leptorhachis as circumscribed here.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D1AC415C63FFC5FCEAB72AFEE778BB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Paul, O. K.;Conn, B. J.;Henwood, M. J.	Paul, O. K., Conn, B. J., Henwood, M. J. (2024): Taxonomic review of Polyosma (Escalloniaceae) in Papuasia. Blumea 69: 54-88, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2024.69.01.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2024.69.01.07
03D1AC415C62FFC5FFA5B1F4FB1B7A75.text	03D1AC415C62FFC5FFA5B1F4FB1B7A75.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polyosma longebracteolata O. C. Schmidt	<div><p>20. Polyosma longebracteolata O.C.Schmidt</p><p>Polyosma longebracteolata O.C. Schmidt (1924) 149, f. 734;P. Royen (1983) 2518, f. 736. — Lectotype (designated here): H.J. Lam 1771 (lecto B [B10_0296082]; isolecto BO (n.v.), L [L 0035101]) ( Van Royen 1983)), Indonesia Papua, Jayapura, Nova Guinea neerlandica in reg. flum. Mamberamo (= Sungai Mamberamo), in monte ‘Doormantop (= Doorman Peak, Wonabunggame)’( Van Royen 1983), 27 Oct.1920 (see Typification below).</p><p>Typification — Since Schmidt (1924) did not assign a holotype, H. J. Lam</p><p>1771 (as held at B) is here designated as the lectotype.</p><p>Subalpine shrub. Branchlets densely hairy, hairs pale yellow, glabrescent. Leaves: petiole 0.4–0.8 cm long, glabrous; lamina oblong or obovate to spathulate, (1–)2–5 by (0.6–) 1–1.8 cm, coriaceous, with abaxial surface sparsely hairy with hairs pilose and adpressed on midrib and sometimes on lateral veins, adaxial surface glabrous; base narrowly cuneate, margin sub- revolute, usually entire, but often with 1 or 2 poorly developed teeth distally, apex obtuse to subacute; secondary veins 4–7 on each side and an angle greater than 45° from midrib, regularly looping or irregularly arching near margin onto the next secondary vein; tertiary veins weakly percurrent, glabrous, prominent on abaxial surface. Inflorescence racemose, terminal, rachis 3–3.5cm long (8–14-flowered), densely hairy with hairs golden yellow; flowers loosely arranged along rachis; pedicels 1–3 mm long; bracteoles 3–5 mm long, hairy. Calyx lobes 1–1.5 mm long. Corolla buds tubular, 10–15 mm long, yellowish; corolla remaining tubular at anthesis, with 4 small ovate lobes. Fruits not seen.</p><p>Distribution — Only known from two collections by H.J. Lam (Lam 1675 and 1771) from Doorman Peak (= Ngga Sem- banggela) (Indonesia Papua, Tolikara Regency).</p><p>Habitat &amp; Ecology — Presumably occurring in subalpine shrubberies, at elevation between 3 200–3 260 m.</p><p>Conservation status — Since this species is only known from a single location (Doorman Peak, Wonabunggame), it is possible that it is endangered.</p><p>Orthography — Without contradictory evidence, the prefix (‘longe’) of the specific epithet (Schmidt 1924) is regarded as an adverb preceding an adjectival epithet (‘bracteolata’ – ‘brac- teola’ with the verbal suffix ‘-ate’), two words in apposition, and so does not need to be corrected (Turland et al. 2018: Art. 60).</p><p>Additional specimen examined. INDONESIA, Papua, Jayapura,‘monte Doormantop (= Doorman Peak, Wonabunggame)’, Lam 1675 (L) .</p><p>Note — Although this species is very inadequately known and has only been recorded from Indonesia Papua, it is likely to also occur in Papua New Guinea.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D1AC415C62FFC5FFA5B1F4FB1B7A75	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Paul, O. K.;Conn, B. J.;Henwood, M. J.	Paul, O. K., Conn, B. J., Henwood, M. J. (2024): Taxonomic review of Polyosma (Escalloniaceae) in Papuasia. Blumea 69: 54-88, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2024.69.01.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2024.69.01.07
03D1AC415C62FFC6FCEAB3BCFD077B16.text	03D1AC415C62FFC6FCEAB3BCFD077B16.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polyosma macrobotrys Mattf.	<div><p>21. Polyosma macrobotrys Mattf.</p><p>Polyosma macrobotrys Mattf. (1938) 273. — Lectotype (designated here): J. Clemens &amp; M.S. Clemens 1414 [a] (lecto B [B_10.0296075]; isolecto L [L 0035103], NSW), Papua New Guinea, Morobe, Wareo, Cart Road, ‘margin jungle’ [‘an einem Fahrweg im Walde’ (Mattfeld 1938: 274)], 25 Dec. 1935 (see Typification below).</p><p>Typification — The type of P. macrobotrys (J. Clemens &amp; M.S. Clemens 1414) as held at B, consists of several samples. However, the collecting number of this collection does not have the suffix ‘a’. The upper left specimen is a flowering specimen that matches the detailed description of the inflorescence and flowers provided by Mattfeld (1938) in the protologue.</p><p>Tree, c. 9 m tall, c. 10 cm diam. Branchlets initially sparsely hairy, soon glabrous, pustules grey-brown. Leaves: petiole 1–3.5 cm long, sparsely hairy, soon becoming glabrous; lamina elliptic, (4–)12–22 by (2–) 4–7.5 cm, coriaceous to papery (when dry), glabrous, drying brown to pale brown on both surfaces; base acute, margin entire, apex acuminate; secondary veins 13–23 on each side and at an angle greater than 45° from midrib, regularly looping near margin onto the next secondary vein; tertiary veins weakly percurrent, glabrous, not prominent on abaxial surface. Inflorescence racemose, usually terminal, or axillary,&gt; 30-flowered; rachis (3–) 9–21 cm long, hairy, soon becoming glabrous; pedicels c. 2 mm long; bracteoles 1–2 mm long, hairy. Calyx lobes 1–3 mm long. Corolla buds tubular, (5–) 9–10 mm long, white; corolla moderately hairy, remaining tubular at anthesis, except opening with 4 small lobes distally. Fruits ovoid, 7–10 by 6–8 mm, glabrous, green to dark blue, drying black.</p><p>Distribution — Indonesia (Papua Barat), Papua New Guinea (Western, Morobe, New Britain, Bougainville), and Solomon Islands.</p><p>Habitat &amp; Ecology — Occurring in lowland rainforests on slopes between elevations of 60–900 m.</p><p>Conservation status — Not known.</p><p>Additional specimens examined. INDONESIA, Papua Barat, Geelvink Bay, Wondiwoi,Wandammen Peninsula, C. Koster BW 13654 (L); Mimika,Baliem Valley, A.J.G.H. Kostermans 700 &amp; Soegeng (L). – PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Morobe, Oomsis Creek, T.G. Hartley 10483 ( LAE); Sattleberg, M.S. Clemens 966 (L); Quembung Mission, M.S. Clemens 2138 (Conn 1990) (BRI); Western, Oriomo River, G. McVeagh NGF 8279 (L, LAE); New Britain, Kirigo, Maisua, J.H.L. Waterhouse 736­B (L); Bougainville, Paguna Ridge, G. Argent NGF 1225 ( LAE). – Solomon Islands, Guadalcanal, Vulolo,Tutuve, S.F. Kajewski 2556 (BISH, BRI, LAE); Santa Isabel, Tiratona, L.J. Brass 3211 (BISH, BRI, L, LAE).</p><p>Notes — 1. Polyosma macrobotrys is a species with either terminal (usually), or axillary inflorescences.</p><p>2. Although unpublished, Schulze-Menz regarded ‘ P. mutabilis Blume’, based on the herbarium collection Clemens 1414a (the type of P. macrobotrys) as a variant of P. integrifolia . However, the varietal concept applied by Schulze-Menz included plants with ovoid fruits, not distinctly sulcate or truncate at base, and so does not refer to the re-circumscription of P. mutabilis as lectotypified by Esser &amp; Saw (2015), and later reduced to the synonymy P. fragrans (Wall.) Benn. (Saw 2020a) . Irrespective of Schulze-Menz’ opinion, Clemens 1414a is the type of P. macrobotrys and is morphologically distinct from P. integrifolia .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D1AC415C62FFC6FCEAB3BCFD077B16	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Paul, O. K.;Conn, B. J.;Henwood, M. J.	Paul, O. K., Conn, B. J., Henwood, M. J. (2024): Taxonomic review of Polyosma (Escalloniaceae) in Papuasia. Blumea 69: 54-88, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2024.69.01.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2024.69.01.07
03D1AC415C61FFC6FFA5B25FFCD57E7C.text	03D1AC415C61FFC6FFA5B25FFCD57E7C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polyosma mucronata Reeder	<div><p>22. Polyosma mucronata Reeder</p><p>Polyosma mucronata Reeder (1946) 282; P. Royen (1983) 2516, f. 733. — Type: L. J. Brass 4310 (holo A [A42995] (see Typification below); iso BRI [BRI-AQ342403], NY), Papua New Guinea, Central, Mt Albert Edward, May-July 1933 .</p><p>Typification — Reeder (1946: 275) cited the type of P. mucronata as ‘ Brass 4310 (A, TYPE, NY)’. Therefore, we accept that Reeder designated the holotype as the specimen held at A , with an isotype at NY .</p><p>Shrub, c. 1 m tall. Branchlets glabrous, brown, slightly rough and ridged. Leaves glabrous; petiole 1–2 cm long, brown; lamina obovate, 2–5 by 1.2–3 cm, coriaceous, dried materials brown on both surfaces; base acute, margin serrate, apex mucronate; secondary veins 7–13 on each side and an angle greater than 45° from midrib, regularly looping near margin onto the next secondary vein; tertiary vein weakly percurrent, glabrous, not prominent on abaxial surface. Inflorescence racemose, terminal, &lt;20-flowered; rachis 5.5–6 cm long, densely pubescent, pilose; flowers loosely arranged along rachis; pedicels 1.5–5 mm long, narrow; bracteoles 1–5 mm long, densely hairy. Calyx lobes 2 – 4 mm long. Corolla buds tubular, 10–15 mm long, green, often with purple tinge; corolla moderately hairy, remaining tubular at anthesis, except opening with 4 small lobes distally. Fruits ovoid, c. 10 by 5 mm, glabrous, green.</p><p>Distribution — Papua New Guinea (Western Highlands, Eastern Highlands, Central, Milne Bay).</p><p>Habitat &amp; Ecology — Occurring in montane forest from elevations of 3 300–3 450 m.</p><p>Conservation status — Although there are no recent collections of this species, it is regarded as probably not endangered.</p><p>Additional specimens examined. PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Western Highlands, Minj-Nona Divide, Kubor Range, R. Pullen 5060 (BRI, L, LAE);Mt As, Kubor Range, R. Pullen 5103 (BRI, L, LAE); Eastern Highlands, Mt Kerigomna, R.D. Hoogland 5627 &amp; R. Pullen (L, LAE); Mt Wilhelm, R.D. Hoogland 6575 ( LAE); Central,Mt Dickson,Goilala, T.G. Hartley 12912 (K, L, LAE);Mt Albert Edward, H. Kanai 75318 ( LAE); L.A. Craven 2788 (L, LAE); Milne Bay, Mt Suckling, J.­F. Veldkamp 5893 &amp; P.F. Stevens ( LAE); Mt Suckling, Tantam Plateau Scarp above Mayu River, P.F. Stevens LAE 55638 (BRI, L, LAE).</p><p>Note — This species is readily distinguished from other Papuasian species because of the obovate lamina with a mucronate apex.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D1AC415C61FFC6FFA5B25FFCD57E7C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Paul, O. K.;Conn, B. J.;Henwood, M. J.	Paul, O. K., Conn, B. J., Henwood, M. J. (2024): Taxonomic review of Polyosma (Escalloniaceae) in Papuasia. Blumea 69: 54-88, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2024.69.01.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2024.69.01.07
03D1AC415C61FFC6FCEAB749FAEC7AA8.text	03D1AC415C61FFC6FCEAB749FAEC7AA8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polyosma occulta Reeder	<div><p>23. Polyosma occulta Reeder</p><p>Polyosma occulta Reeder (1946) 285. — Lectotype (designated here): L.J. Brass 4524 (lecto A; isolecto BRI [BRI-AQ342405], NY) (see Typification below), Papua New Guinea, Central, Wharton Range, Murray Pass, June–Sept. 1933.</p><p>Typification — Reeder (1946: 286) cited the type of P. occulta as ‘ Brass 4524 (A, NY, TYPE)’. Since Reeder did not designate a holotype, the A and NY specimens are here treated as syntypes. Therefore, we designated the lectotype as the Brass 4524 specimen held at A .</p><p>Tree, 3–5 m tall, bole c. 2 m high, 7–10 cm diam. Branchlets densely hairy, brown, pustules scattered. Leaves: petiole 1–2 cm long, sparsely hairy; lamina oblong – broadly elliptic, 3–7 by 1.5–4 cm, coriaceous, hairy, drying both surfaces light brown; base obtuse, margin serrate, apex mucronate; secondary veins 9–18 on each side and at an angle greater than 45° from midrib, regularly looping near margin onto the next secondary vein; tertiary veins weakly percurrent, hairy, prominent on abaxial surface. Inflorescence racemose, axillary or subterminal, &lt;20-flowered; rachis 4–10 cm long, hairy; pedicels 2–3 mm long; bracteoles 5–10 mm long, densely hairy. Calyx lobes 1–7 mm long. Corolla buds tubular, (7–) 9–13 mm long, white; corolla moderately hairy, remaining tubular at anthesis, except opening with 4 small lobes distally. Fruits ovoid, 6–10 by 5–6 mm, slightly hairy, purplish black, drying black.</p><p>Distribution — Papua New Guinea (Central).</p><p>Habitat &amp; Ecology — Occurring in montane forest from elevations of 2 610–2 835 m.</p><p>Conservation status — Not known.</p><p>Additional specimens examined. PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Central, track from Avios to Samarei, near Woitape, P.van . Royen NGF 20483 (L, LAE);Murray Pass, C.E. Ridsdale NGF 36833 (BRI, L, LAE).</p><p>Note — Polyosma occulta differs from P. cestroides by having leaves with margin serrate. Polyosma occulta is distinctive because the large bracteoles tend to cover the calyx.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D1AC415C61FFC6FCEAB749FAEC7AA8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Paul, O. K.;Conn, B. J.;Henwood, M. J.	Paul, O. K., Conn, B. J., Henwood, M. J. (2024): Taxonomic review of Polyosma (Escalloniaceae) in Papuasia. Blumea 69: 54-88, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2024.69.01.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2024.69.01.07
03D1AC415C61FFC7FCEAB385FD567D0E.text	03D1AC415C61FFC7FCEAB385FD567D0E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polyosma oligantha Reeder	<div><p>24. Polyosma oligantha Reeder</p><p>Polyosma oligantha Reeder (1946) 286. — Type: L.J. Brass 12502 &amp; C. Versteegh (holo A; iso BRI [BRI-AQ342407], L [L 0035109], LAE [ LAE 2827]) (see Typification below), Indonesia, Papua, Snow Mountains, 18 km SW of Bernhard Camp, Idenburg River, alt. 2 000 m, Feb. 1939.</p><p>Typification — Reeder (1946: 275) states that “In the absence of paren- thetical letters indicating the place of deposit [of specimens],cited specimens are to be found only at the Arnold Arboretum [A].” Reeder (1946: 287) cited the type of P. mucronata as “ Brass 12502 (TYPE)”. Therefore, we accept that he designated the holotype as the specimen held at A and so,lectotypification is unnecessary.</p><p>Subcanopy to sometimes canopy tree, up to 25 m high, c. 71 cm diam; bark black, rough. Branchlets glabrous, dark brown. Leaves with petiole 1–2.3 cm long; lamina elliptic, 6–10 by 3.5–5.5 cm, coriaceous, glabrous, discolors in dried material to dark brown to black adaxially, very dark brown abaxially; base obtuse or cuneate, margin entire, apex obtuse to rounded, emarginate; secondary veins c. 10 on each side and at an angle greater than 45° from midrib, regularly looping near margin on to the next secondary vein; tertiary vein weakly percurrent, glabrous and very prominent on abaxial surface. Inflorescence racemose, axillary or terminal, up to 7 cm long, sparsely hairy, 5–8-flowered; bracteoles, 2–3 mm long. Calyx lobes c. 2 mm long. Corolla buds tubular, up to 28 mm long, brownish green. Fruits seen young, ovoid, c. 13 by 11 mm, mature fruit not known.</p><p>Distribution — Indonesia (Papua; Snow Mountains).</p><p>Note — The taxonomic status of this species is inadequately known because it is only known by the type collection. It was not included in our morphometric analyses. Polyosma oligantha shares many morphological similarities with P. cestroides and P. integrifolia . It has a long corolla (up to 28 mm long vs P. cestroides 5 – 25 mm long, P. integrifolia 5–10 mm long), similar large fruits (c. 13 mm long vs P. cestroides 5–13 mm long, P. integrifolia 5–13 mm long), short petiole (1–2.3 cm long, like P. integrifolia 0.5–3 cm long vs P. cestroides 5–25 cm long).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D1AC415C61FFC7FCEAB385FD567D0E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Paul, O. K.;Conn, B. J.;Henwood, M. J.	Paul, O. K., Conn, B. J., Henwood, M. J. (2024): Taxonomic review of Polyosma (Escalloniaceae) in Papuasia. Blumea 69: 54-88, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2024.69.01.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2024.69.01.07
03D1AC415C60FFC0FFA5B467FEE07B12.text	03D1AC415C60FFC0FFA5B467FEE07B12.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polyosma pachyrhachis Schulze-Menz ex B. J. Conn & O. K. Paul 2024	<div><p>25. Polyosma pachyrhachis Schulze-Menz ex B.J.Conn &amp; O.K.Paul, sp. nov. — Fig. 13</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet ( pachyrhachis) refers to the thick, stout</p><p>(pachy -) axis of the inflorescence axis (- rhachis) characteristic of this species. Polyosma pachyrhachis is morphologically most similar to P. ilicifolia, but differs by having slightly larger obovate,sometimes elliptic leaves (13.5–16 by 5–7 cm vs oblong to narrowly elliptic leaves 9–11 by 3–4 cm for P. ilicifolia), and the mature corolla remains tubular at anthesis, with 4 small ovate lobes in P. pachyrhachis (vs P. ilicifolia has mature corolla fully split into 4 petals). — Type: L.J. Brass 32162 (holo LAE [ LAE 33906]; iso L [L 0035110]), Papua New Guinea, Eastern Highlands, Mt Elandora, 18 Oct. 1959.</p><p>Tree, c. 6 m tall. Branchlets hairy, pustules grey, scattered. Leaves sparsely hairy; petiole 2–2.5 cm long; lamina obovate, sometimes elliptic, 13.5–16 by 5–7 cm, coriaceous, upper surface drying brown, glaucous on abaxial surface; base acute, margin serrate, apex acuminate; secondary veins 20–28 on each side and at an angle greater than 45° from midrib, regularly looping near margin onto the next secondary vein; tertiary veins weakly percurrent, pubescent, prominent on abaxial surface. Inflorescence racemose, terminal, 20–30-flowered; rachis 5–19 cm long, densely hairy; flowers clustered along rachis; pedicels c. 3 mm long, thick; bracteoles 2–3 mm long, hairy. Calyx lobes 3–5 mm long. Corolla buds tubular, 10–20(–30) mm long, green with yellowish tinge, rarely yellow; corolla moderately hairy, remaining tubular at anthesis, except opening with 4 small lobes distally. Fruits not seen.</p><p>Distribution — Indonesia (Papua Barat) and Papua New Guinea (Western Highlands, Eastern Highlands, Southern Highlands).</p><p>Habitat &amp; Ecology — Occurring in montane forest at elevations of about 2 400 m.</p><p>Conservation status — Unknown.</p><p>Additional specimens examined (Paratypes). INDONESIA, Papua Barat, Vogelkop,Anggi Gita Lake, H.O. Sleumer &amp; W. Vink BW 14051 &amp; BW 14115 (L). – PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Western Highlands,Ambun, J.R. Flenley ANU 266 ( LAE); Sirunke, J.S. Womersley NGF 14275 (L); Southern Highlands, Mt Giluwe, J.R. Croft LAE 60628 (L, LAE); J.R. Croft LAE 60920 ( LAE, NSW); Kiburu, R. Schodde 14437 ( LAE).</p><p>Notes — 1. Other morphological differences between P. pachyrhachis and P. ilicifolia include: P. pachyrhachis has bracteoles (2–3 mm long), calyx lobes (3–5 mm long) and corolla (10–20 mm long) that tend to be longer than in P. ilicifolia (vs bracteoles c. 2 mm long, calyx lobes c. 2 mm long, and corolla c. 10 mm long).</p><p>2. Polyosma pachyrhachis is also morphologically similar to a few other species, namely P. induta, P. longebracteolata, and P. schulzemenzii, but differs from them by having leaves with an acuminate apex (vs apex obtuse to subacute in P. longebracteolata and attenuate in the other two species); and it differs from P. longebracteolata by having larger leaves (13.5–16 cm long, 5–7 cm wide, vs 0.2–0.5 cm long, 0.5–1.8 cm wide in P. longebracteolata). Furthermore, the bracteoles of P. pachyrhachis are shorter than the calyx, whereas they are as long as the calyx in P. longebracteolata .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D1AC415C60FFC0FFA5B467FEE07B12	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Paul, O. K.;Conn, B. J.;Henwood, M. J.	Paul, O. K., Conn, B. J., Henwood, M. J. (2024): Taxonomic review of Polyosma (Escalloniaceae) in Papuasia. Blumea 69: 54-88, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2024.69.01.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2024.69.01.07
03D1AC415C67FFC0FFA5B25AFB9A7B12.text	03D1AC415C67FFC0FFA5B25AFB9A7B12.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polyosma pubescens Ridl.	<div><p>26. Polyosma pubescens Ridl.</p><p>Polyosma pubescens Ridl. (1916) 38. — Lectotype (designated here): C. Boden Kloss s.n. (lecto BM [BM600388];isolecto K), Indonesia, Papua, Mimika, Camp I (c. 4.5 miles from Setakwa River, eastern tributary of the Utakwa River (Boden Kloss in Ridley 1916, Ballard 2001), (18–20 Sept. 1912 (Ridley 1916)) (see Typification below).</p><p>Typification — The only type information provided by Ridley (1916) was the locality information ‘Camp I, 500 ft. ’ Therefore, the Boden Kloss s.n. collection as held at BM [BM600388], is here designated as the lectotype because it was collected from ‘Camp I’, with the isolectotype held at K .</p><p>Subcanopy tree, 6–10 m tall. Branchlets pubescent, smooth, brown. Leaves sparsely hairy;petiole 0.8–1.5 cm long,pale brown; lamina elliptic, 9–11 by 3.5–4.5 cm, coriaceous, drying brown on both surfaces; base acute, margin entire, apex attenuate; secondary veins 10–15 on each side of midrib and at an angle greater than 45° from midrib, looping near margin onto the next secondary vein; tertiary vein weakly percurrent, prominent on abaxial surface, sparsely hairy. Inflorescence racemose, either axillary or terminal,&gt; 30-flowered; rachis 10–10.5 cm long, sparsely pubescent; pedicels 3–4 mm long; bracteoles 2–5 mm long, sparsely hairy. Calyx lobes 1–2 mm long. Corolla buds tubular, 10–15 mm long, pinkish green to purplish; corolla densely hairy, fully split at anthesis. Fruits not seen.</p><p>Distribution — Indonesia (Papua) and Papua New Guinea (Milne Bay). The distribution of this species is very inadequately known. It is most unlikely that it only occurs in two localities that are at opposite ends of the island of New Guinea.</p><p>Habitat &amp; Ecology — Occurring in lower montane forest at elevations of about 1 350 m, recorded from Araucaria - Lithocarpus ridge forest in Milne Bay (Stevens LAE 55753).</p><p>Conservation status — Not known: this species is undercollected, and hence, its distribution and habitat preferences are inadequately known.</p><p>Additional specimen examined. PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Milne Bay,Raba Raba, Mt Suckling, P.F. Stevens &amp; J.­F. Veldkamp LAE 55753 (L, LAE, NSW).</p><p>Notes — 1. This species is similar to P. induta, but P. pubescens has leaves with an entire margin, whereas the leaf margin of P. induta is serrate.</p><p>2. Polyosma induta is morphologically most like P. forbesii, which also has a serrate leaf margin. Many features of P. pubescens are also like P. forbesii, apart from the leaf margin. However, P. pubescens is a small tree (6–10 m tall vs P. forbesii 10–20 m tall) and is sparsely hairy, whereas P. forbesii is densely hairy. This suggests that the taxonomic importance of the presence or absence of marginal teeth, on the leaf margin, requires further evaluation.</p><p>3. Although P. pubescens is morphologically like P. schulzemenzii, they were consistently distinguished from each other in our cluster analysis (Fig. 1) and in the SSH-MST analysis (Fig. 2). Therefore, they are maintained as two distinct species. Polyosma pubescens has smooth branchlets and leaves with petiole 0.8–1.5 cm long (whereas P. schulzemenzii has ridged branchlets and leaves with mostly longer petioles, 1–2 cm long); P. pubescens has a broader elliptic lamina, 3.5–4.5 cm wide, with base acute, and secondary veins 10–15 on each side of midrib (vs P. schulzemenzii has narrowly obovate leaves, 2–3.5 cm wide, with base rounded, and secondary veins 17–19 on each side of midrib); the inflorescences of P. pubescens are either axillary or terminal, with the rachis sparsely pubescent (vs P. schulzemenzii has only terminal inflorescences and the rachis densely hairy); P. pubescens has shorter bracteoles (2–5 mm long); and smaller flowers ( calyx lobes 1–2 mm long; corolla 5–10 mm long), compared to P. schulzemenzii that has bracteoles 5–10 mm long, calyx lobes 5–10 mm long, and corolla 10–20 mm long.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D1AC415C67FFC0FFA5B25AFB9A7B12	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Paul, O. K.;Conn, B. J.;Henwood, M. J.	Paul, O. K., Conn, B. J., Henwood, M. J. (2024): Taxonomic review of Polyosma (Escalloniaceae) in Papuasia. Blumea 69: 54-88, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2024.69.01.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2024.69.01.07
03D1AC415C67FFC0FCEAB246FAB27769.text	03D1AC415C67FFC0FCEAB246FAB27769.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polyosma rampae W. N. Takeuchi	<div><p>27. Polyosma rampae W.N.Takeuchi</p><p>Polyosma rampae W.N. Takeuchi (2007) 159, f. 1. — Type: W.N. Takeuchi 20148, A. Towati &amp; D. Ama (holo LAE [ LAE 288549];iso A, L [L 2070838]), Papua New Guinea, Western Highlands, Kaijende Highlands,Waile Creek, 4 Nov. 2005.</p><p>Shrub, c. 2 m tall. Branchlets glabrous, dull black to becoming brown, ± smooth, without pustules. Leaves opposite or subopposite (appearing spiral), glabrous; petiole 0.4–1.2 cm long, black; lamina narrowly obovate, (1.2–)1.5–2.7 by 0.5–1.1 cm, fleshy, thin-textured when dried; base cuneate, margin shortly serrate, with 1 or 2 teeth per side (rarely absent), black, apex acute and mucronate; secondary veins 4–10 on each side and diverging 55–75° from midrib, closing by inframarginal looping veins; tertiary veins glabrous, prominent on abaxial surface. Inflorescence racemose, terminal, erect, rachis 1.5–2 cm long, concealed by bracts except at anthesis, axial surfaces glabrous, black; peduncle 0.4–1.1 cm long. Bracteoles foliaceous, linearelliptic, with central bracteole (10–) 13–18 mm long, and lateral bracteoles 8–12 mm long, glabrous, entire, persistent. Calyx lobes c. 1.2 mm long. Corolla buds tubular, 11–13 mm long, pale purple. Fruits ellipsoid-ovoid, (5–) 6–7 mm long, black, hairy.</p><p>Distribution — Papua New Guinea, only known from the type locality, near the Porgera gold mine (Western Highlands).</p><p>Habitat &amp; Ecology — Occurring on the margin of mossy montane forest and along subalpine streams, at about 3 000 m elevation.</p><p>Conservation status — This species is regarded as not endangered (Takeuchi 2007).</p><p>Note — The leafy bracteoles are morphologically like those of P. occulta, but the bracteoles of P. rampae are much larger, such that the entire raceme is obscured, with the flowers becoming clearly visible only near anthesis. The enlarged bracteoles of P. occulta cover only the calyx.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D1AC415C67FFC0FCEAB246FAB27769	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Paul, O. K.;Conn, B. J.;Henwood, M. J.	Paul, O. K., Conn, B. J., Henwood, M. J. (2024): Taxonomic review of Polyosma (Escalloniaceae) in Papuasia. Blumea 69: 54-88, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2024.69.01.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2024.69.01.07
03D1AC415C66FFC2FFA5B697FBC67DA7.text	03D1AC415C66FFC2FFA5B697FBC67DA7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polyosma schulzemenzii B. J. Conn & O. K. Paul 2024	<div><p>28. Polyosma schulzemenzii B.J.Conn &amp; O.K.Paul, sp. nov. — Fig. 14</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet of this new species commemorates Dr. Georg K. Schulze-Menz, a former director of the Botanical Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin-Dahlem (B), whose revision of the Polyosma in the Indonesian-Melanesian-Australian region was not completed because of his sudden death in 1978 (Potztal 1979). Unfortunately, his manuscript of the genus Polyosma was not publishable. Although Schulze-Menz recognised this entity as a new species (by the unpublished manuscript name ‘ Polyosma perlongibracteolata ’), we decided that the similarity of his proposed specific epithet with that of P. longebracteolata could have resulted in nomenclatural confusion. Furthermore, we wished to acknowledge Schulze-Menz’s exten- sive research into the taxonomy of this genus by naming this species after him.</p><p>Polyosma schulzemenzii is morphologically most similar to P.pubescens, but it differs by its obovate leaf lamina which has a rounded base (vs elliptic leaves with acute base for P. pubescens). It has larger flowers (corolla 10–20 mm long, greenish brown) than those of P. pubescens (vs corolla 5–10 mm long, pinkish green). — Type: L.J. Brass 31168 (holo L [L 0035111]; iso K, LAE [ LAE 40014]), Papua New Guinea, Eastern Highlands, western slopes of Mt Michael, 27 Aug. 1959.</p><p>Subcanopy tree, c. 12 m tall. Branchlets hairy, brown, ridged. Leaves: petiole 1–2 cm long, hairy, brown; lamina narrowly obovate, 7–12 by 2–3.5 cm, coriaceous, densely hairy, abaxial surface ferruginous, drying brown on both surfaces; base rounded, margin entire, apex attenuate; secondary veins 17–19 on each side of midrib and at an angle greater than 45° from midrib, looping near margin onto the next secondary vein; tertiary veins weakly percurrent, prominent on abaxial surface, pubescent. Inflorescence racemose, terminal, 20–30-flowered; rachis 5–13 cm long, densely hairy; flowers loosely and evenly scattered along length of rachis; pedicels 2–4 mm long; bracteoles 5–10 mm long, hairy. Calyx lobes 5–10 mm long. Corolla buds tubular, (10–) 14–20 mm long, brown, with greenish tinge; corolla densely hairy, remaining tubular at anthesis, except opening with 4 small lobes distally. Fruits not seen.</p><p>Distribution — Papua New Guinea (West Sepik, Morobe, Eastern Highlands).</p><p>Habitat &amp; Ecology — Occurring in lowland montane forest dominated by Castanopsis (D.Don) Spach ( Fagaceae) species at elevations of about 1 890 m.</p><p>Conservation status — This species is inadequately sampled. Therefore, even though it appears to be widespread, its conservation status is not known.</p><p>Additional specimens examined (Paratypes). PAPUA NEW GUINEA, West Sepik, Amanab-Green River Road, H. Streimann &amp; N. Martin LAE 52850 (BRI, L, LAE); Morobe, Edie Creek, Wau, T.G. Hartley 11739 ( LAE).</p><p>Notes — 1. The mature open corolla of P. schulzemenzii remains tubular with only a small opening apically, whereas the mature corolla of P. pubescens splits to the base so that there is no remaining colour tube (style clearly exposed).</p><p>2. Polyosma schulzemenzii has leaves that are densely hairy and ferruginous on the abaxial surface, similar to those of P. brassii . However, the leaf lamina of this new species is narrowly obovate whereas those of P. brassii are elliptic. Like P. longebracteolata, this new species has bracteoles that are as long as the calyx; however, P. schulzemenzii is readily distinguished by its petioles 1–2 cm long, leaf lamina 7–12 cm long, and inflorescences 5–13 cm long (vs P. longebracteolata with petiole 0.4–0.8 cm long, leaf lamina (1–) 2–5 cm long, and inflorescences 3–3.5 cm long).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D1AC415C66FFC2FFA5B697FBC67DA7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Paul, O. K.;Conn, B. J.;Henwood, M. J.	Paul, O. K., Conn, B. J., Henwood, M. J. (2024): Taxonomic review of Polyosma (Escalloniaceae) in Papuasia. Blumea 69: 54-88, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2024.69.01.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2024.69.01.07
03D1AC415C64FFC3FFA5B697FC2D7FDE.text	03D1AC415C64FFC3FFA5B697FC2D7FDE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polyosma scyphocalyx Schulze-Menz ex B. J. Conn & O. K. Paul 2024	<div><p>29. Polyosma scyphocalyx Schulze-Menz ex B.J.Conn &amp; O.K.Paul, sp. nov. — Fig. 15</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet ( scyphocalyx) of this new species refers to the cup-like (scypho­) calyx (- calyx) of this species.</p><p>Polyosma scyphocalyx is morphologically most similar to P. dentata, but it differs by its elliptic leaves (vs broadly elliptic for P. dentata); glabrous, terminal inflorescence (vs sparsely hairy and axillary in P. dentata); and by being a larger tree (6–15 m high) compared to P. dentata (4–6.8 m high). — Type: R. Hoogland 7414 &amp; R. Schodde (holo LAE [ LAE 38504]; iso CANB [CANB85688.1, CANB85689.1],L [L 0035112], Papua New Guinea, Western Highlands, Lagaip Valley, 12 Aug. 1960.</p><p>Tree, 6–15 m tall, bole up to 4.5 m, 6–14 cm diam. Branchlets glabrous, brown, pustules grey, scattered. Leaves glabrous; petiole 1–3 cm long; lamina elliptic, 3.5–10 by 1.5–4 cm, coriaceous, both surfaces drying light brown; base acute, margin serrate, apex acuminate; secondary veins 9–22 on each side and an angle greater than 45° from midrib, regularly looping near margin onto the next secondary vein; tertiary veins weakly percurrent, glabrous, prominent on abaxial surface. Inflorescence racemose, terminal, &lt;20-flowered; rachis 4–10 cm long, glabrous; flowers loosely and evenly clustered on distal half of rachis; pedicels 5–7 mm long; bracteoles 1–3 mm long, hairy. Calyx distinctly cup-shaped; calyx lobes 1–5 mm long. Corolla buds tubular, (5–) 13–25 mm long, reddish purple or greenish purple; corolla moderately hairy, remaining tubular at anthesis, except opening with 4 small lobes distally. Fruits ovoid, 9–13 by 5–9 mm, glabrous, green turning purplish blue or brown.</p><p>Distribution — Papua New Guinea (Madang, Morobe, Western Highlands, Eastern Highlands, Southern Highlands, Central, Milne Bay, Bougainville).</p><p>Habitat &amp; Ecology — Occurring in montane forest from elevations of 2 400–3 150 m.</p><p>Conservation status — This widespread species is not regarded as endangered.</p><p>Additional specimens examined (Paratypes). PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Madang, Kaironk Village, G. Weiblen 991, M. Evans, B. Isua &amp; S. Majneb ( LAE); G. Weiblen 1052 ( LAE); Morobe, Kabum, K.A. McElhanon 69 ( LAE); Near Arigenang, Finschhafen Sub-District, D.B. Foreman NGF 48121 (L, LAE); Lake Trist, E.E. Henty NGF 29019 (L, LAE); Meri Creek, C.E. Ridsdale NGF 30326 ( LAE); Western Highlands, Sirunki, D. Walker ANU 7419 (L [incorrectly labelled ANU 749], LAE); Lagaip, R. Hoogland 7652 &amp; R. Schodde (L, LAE); Mt Giluwe, M. Coode &amp; P. Waring NGF 32508 (K, L, LAE); Tambul, M. Coode &amp; P. Katik NGF 32953 (K, LAE); Kubor Range, R. Pullen 5233 &amp; 5293 (L, LAE);Tomba, J.­F. Veldkamp 5447 &amp; P.F Stevens (L, LAE); Eastern Highlands, Mt Wilhelm, J.C. Saunders 787 (L, LAE); Okapa, T.G. Hartley 13087 ( LAE); Marafunga, P.F. Stevens LAE 51004 (L, LAE); Kassam Pass, E.E. Henty &amp; J. Vandenberg NGF 29319 (L, LAE); Southern Highlands, Mt Bosavi, K. Damas LAE 58879 (BRI, CBG, L, LAE); Tari, C. Kalkman 4886 (K, L, LAE); Mt Ne, C. Kalkman 4918 (L); Tari, C. Kalkman 5159 &amp; 5174 (K, LAE), A. Gillison NGF 25135 (K, LAE); A. Gillison NGF 25138 (K, L, LAE); D. Frodin NGF 28128 (K, L, LAE);Ibiwara, D. Frodin NGF 28356 ( LAE); Kagaba- Mendi, J. Vandenberg, P. Katik &amp; A. Kairo NGF 40095 (K, L, LAE);Mt Ambua, W. Vink 17229 &amp; 17463 (L, LAE); Central,Woitape, A.N. Millar 1232 (L, LAE); Mt Gerebu, S.A James 1438 ( LAE); Northern,Kokoda, J.R. Croft LAE 65009 (L, LAE); Milne Bay, Mt Suckling, P.F. Stevens &amp; J.­F. Veldkamp LAE 54965 (L, LAE); Baniara, A. Kanis 1230 (L, LAE); Fergusson Island, J.R. Croft LAE 71075 (L, LAE); Bougainville: Pavariri, C.E. Ridsdale &amp; P. Lavarack NGF 31018 (L, LAE).</p><p>Notes — 1. Although P. scyphocalyx is morphologically also like P. rampae, it is readily distinct from the latter shrubby species ( P. rampae c. 2 m tall). When compared with P. rampae (not included in morphometric analyses), P. scyphocalyx has elliptic leaves, with petiole 1–3 cm long, lamina 3.5–10 cm long, and apex acuminate, distinguishing it from P. rampae that has narrowly obovate smaller leaves (petiole 0.4–1.2 cm long, lamina up to 2.7 cm long), and apex acute and mucronate. The inflorescence rachis is longer in P. scyphocalyx (4–10 cm long, vs 1.5–2 cm long in P. rampae).</p><p>2. Furthermore, the cup-shaped calyx readily distinguishes P. scyphocalyx from the tubular calyces of both P. dentata and P. rampae .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D1AC415C64FFC3FFA5B697FC2D7FDE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Paul, O. K.;Conn, B. J.;Henwood, M. J.	Paul, O. K., Conn, B. J., Henwood, M. J. (2024): Taxonomic review of Polyosma (Escalloniaceae) in Papuasia. Blumea 69: 54-88, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2024.69.01.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2024.69.01.07
03D1AC415C64FFC3FCEAB729FB8C7A95.text	03D1AC415C64FFC3FCEAB729FB8C7A95.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polyosma stenosiphon Schltr.	<div><p>30. Polyosma stenosiphon Schltr.</p><p>Polyosma stenosiphon Schltr. (1915) 128. — Type: C.L. Ledermann 12085 (holo B [B10 _0278226]), Papua New Guinea, West Sepik, ‘Kaiserin- Augusta-Fluss (= August River)- Expedition’, 1 Aug. 1913.</p><p>Polyosma crassifolia Kaneh. &amp; Hatus. (1942: 304) . — Type: R. Kanehira &amp; S. Hatusima 13662 (FU, n.v.), Indonesia, Papua Barat, Vogelkop, Angi, near Lake Giji, Arfak Mountains, 6 Apr. 1940 .</p><p>Subcanopy to canopy tree, (5–) 15–20 m tall. Branchlets glabrous, pustulate. Leaves glabrous; petiole 0.7–1(–1.5) cm long; lamina slightly obovate, 4–6(–10) by 1.3–2.5(–4.5) cm, drying both surfaces light brown; base cuneate, margin entire, apex obtuse to rounded to shortly acuminate; secondary veins 9–10 on each side of midrib and at an angle greater than 45° from midrib, indistinctly looping near margin onto the next secondary vein; tertiary veins weakly percurrent, glabrous, indistinct to slightly prominent on abaxial surface. Inflorescence racemose, axillary, erect; rachis 10–18-flowered, (2–) 4–6 cm long, hairy; bracteoles 2–3 mm long, hairy. Calyx lobes 1–2 mm long, hairy. Corolla buds tubular, 10–14 mm long, white. Fruits recorded as ellipsoid, c. 10 by 7 mm (Kanehira &amp; Hatusima 1942).</p><p>Distribution — This species is only known from Indonesia Papua Barat of Indonesia (type collection of P. crassifolia) and from the type collection of P. stenosiphon, from the West Sepik region of Papua New Guinea.</p><p>Conservation status — The conservation status of this species is unknown.</p><p>Notes — Although the taxonomic status of this species is inadequately known, it is here recognized as a distinct species. Clearly, further research into this species is required. Most importantly, additional collections, population studies and DNA analysis are needed to evaluate the morphological variation within this species and its relationship with other species of Polyosma .</p><p>Although taxonomically also inadequately known, P. crassifolia is here regarded as a synonym of P. stenosiphon, being a slightly larger leafed variant (as suggested by Kanehira &amp; Hatusima 1942).</p><p>Attempts to contact FU to examine the type material of P. crassifolia were unsuccessful.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D1AC415C64FFC3FCEAB729FB8C7A95	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Paul, O. K.;Conn, B. J.;Henwood, M. J.	Paul, O. K., Conn, B. J., Henwood, M. J. (2024): Taxonomic review of Polyosma (Escalloniaceae) in Papuasia. Blumea 69: 54-88, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2024.69.01.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2024.69.01.07
03D1AC415C64FFFCFCEAB3D0FED57B4F.text	03D1AC415C64FFFCFCEAB3D0FED57B4F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polyosma subalpina P. Royen	<div><p>31. Polyosma subalpina Schulze-Menz ex P.Royen</p><p>Polyosma subalpina Schulze-Menz ex P. Royen (1983) 2520,f. 735. — Type: L.J. Brass 29839 (holo L [L 0035118];iso LAE [ LAE 34128], US [US 288786]), Papua New Guinea, Eastern Highlands, Mt Wilhelm, 12 June 1959.</p><p>Small tree, 2–5 m tall. Branchlets glabrous (once recorded as hairy, see notes below), pustules brownish grey, scattered. Leaves glabrous; petiole 0.5–2 cm long; lamina obovate, 1.5– 5.5 by 1–3 cm, coriaceous, drying both surfaces light brown; base acute, margin serrate, apex mucronate; secondary veins 9–15 on each side and an angle greater than 45° from midrib, regularly looping near margin onto the next secondary vein; tertiary veins weakly percurrent, glabrous, not prominent but visible on abaxial surface. Inflorescence racemose, terminal, &lt;20-flowered; rachis 1.5–9.5 cm long, hairy; flowers loosely and evenly arranged towards distal end of rachis; pedicels (1–) 2–6 mm long, narrow; bracteoles 1–3 mm long, hairy. Calyx lobes 1–5 mm long. Corolla buds tubular, 10–20 mm long, greenish brown or purple; corolla moderately hairy, remaining tubular at anthesis, except opening with 4 small lobes distally. Fruits ovoid, 6–12 by 3–7 mm, hairy, green turning purple.</p><p>Distribution — Papua New Guinea (West Sepik, Morobe, Western Highlands, Eastern Highlands, Southern Highlands, Central).</p><p>Habitat &amp; Ecology — Occurring in alpine and subalpine shrubbery vegetation between elevations of 2 500–3 500 m.</p><p>Conservation status — This species is regarded as not endangered.</p><p>Additional specimens examined. PAPUA NEW GUINEA, West Sepik, Star Mountains, 3 200 m, J.R. Croft LAE 65946 (K, L, LAE); Morobe, Mt Sarawaget, T.G. Hartley 11291 ( LAE); Mount Amungwiwa, J.S. Womersley NGF 17951 &amp; NGF 17987 (L, LAE); Western Highlands, Mt Hagen, A. Vinas &amp; J.­F. Veldkamp LAE 59821 (L, LAE); Mt Giluwe, J.R. Croft et al. LAE 60917 &amp; LAE 60937 (L, LAE); Mt Oibo, W.N. Takeuchi 10555 (K, L, LAE); Eastern Highlands,Mt Wilhelm, M.M. J. van Balgooy 258, 478, 753 &amp; 837 (K, L, LAE); E. Borgmann 51 (B, L); L.J. Brass 30066 (K, L, LAE); B. Ernst 51 &amp; 184 (K, LAE); A. Kairo &amp; H. Streimann NGF 35753 (K, L, LAE); D.W. McLean &amp; L.K. Wade ANU 7148 (K, L, LAE); W.R. Philipson 3454 &amp; M.N. Philipson (L); G. Robbins 717 (K, L, LAE); P. van Royen NGF 16011 (K, L, LAE); J. Smith ANU 15020 (K, LAE); H.Stauffer 5629 (K, L, LAE); J. Vandenberg NGF 35040 (K, L, LAE); K. Wade ANU 7351 (K, LAE); D. Walker ANU 5096 (K, L, LAE); J.S. Womersley NGF 8864A (K, LAE);Mt Otto, L.J.Brass 31020 &amp; J.D.Collins (K, L, LAE); J.­F. Veldkamp 8614 &amp; S. Obedi (K, L, LAE); Mt Keringomna, P.F. Stevens &amp; P.J. Grubb LAE 54613 (K, L, LAE); Southern Highlands, Mt Giluwe, M. Coode NGF 32508 (K, LAE);Mt Kum, J.S. Womersley NGF 6461 (K, LAE); Mt Ambua, D. Frodin NGF 28245 (K, L, LAE); W. Vink 17459 (L, LAE); W. Vink 17485 (L, LAE); Central, Mt Strong, P.F. Stevens &amp; M. Coode LAE 51368 (K, L, LAE); Mt Albert Edward, D.B. Foreman &amp; P. Wardle NGF 45537 (K, L, LAE); J.R. Croft &amp; A. Vinas LAE 61435 (K, L, LAE); Mt Victoria, J.R. Croft LAE 61714 (K, L, LAE); Mt Yule, J.­F. Veldkamp 8518 &amp; M. Kuduk (K, L, LAE,NSW), S.A. James 1280 (NSW); Northern, Oro Province,Kokoda, J.R. Croft et al. LAE 65051 (K, L, LAE).</p><p>Note — One collection from Mount Yule, W of Telikom repeater station (S.A. James 1280 [NSW934170]) has leaves that are hairy rather than glabrous, with the latter appearing to be the normal condition.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D1AC415C64FFFCFCEAB3D0FED57B4F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Paul, O. K.;Conn, B. J.;Henwood, M. J.	Paul, O. K., Conn, B. J., Henwood, M. J. (2024): Taxonomic review of Polyosma (Escalloniaceae) in Papuasia. Blumea 69: 54-88, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2024.69.01.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2024.69.01.07
03D1AC415C5BFFFCFFA5B2A0FB147C03.text	03D1AC415C5BFFFCFFA5B2A0FB147C03.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polyosma torricellensis Schltr.	<div><p>32. Polyosma torricellensis Schltr.</p><p>Polyosma torricellensis Schltr. (1915) 130. — Lectotype (designated here): R. Schlechter 20319 (lecto LY [LY218962]), Papua New Guinea, West Sepik, ‘ Torricelli-Geb [irges]’, 12 Sept. 1909.</p><p>Polyosma torricellensis Schltr. var. pittosporoides Schltr.(1915) 131, syn.nov. — Lectotype (designated here): R. Schlechter 20166 (lecto P [P709677]; isolecto LY [LY218963, LY218964]), Papua New Guinea, West Sepik, ‘ Torricelli-Geb [irges]’, 12 Sept. 1909 (see Typification below).</p><p>Typification — The type collections of P. torricellensis and P. torricellensis var. pittosporoides held at B are here regarded as destroyed (Merrill 1943, Hiepko 1978, 1987). Therefore, lectotypes are here selected for both taxa. Although type material of P. torricellensis (R. Schlechter 20319) was expected to be held at P, none were located. Therefore, material held at LY, based on photographs, was selected. Type material of P. torricellensis var. pittosporoides held at P was selected as the lectotype of this variety. The photograph of R. Schlechter 20319 ( P. torricellensis) and the herbarium material of R. Schlechter 20166 ( P. torricellensis var. pittosporoides) are in full agreement with the protologue of each respective taxon.</p><p>Canopy tree, 10–20 m tall. Branchlets minutely pubescent when young, soon glabrous, brown. Leaves glabrous; petiole unknown (see notes below); lamina elliptic to narrowly elliptic, 9–15 by 1.5–3.5 cm, drying brown on both surfaces; base cuneate, margin distally shortly dentate, apex acuminate; secondary veins c. 8 on each side and at an angle greater than 45° (initially almost at 90°) from midrib, looping some distance from margin onto the next secondary vein; tertiary veins weakly percurrent, glabrous, not prominent on abaxial surface. Inflorescence racemose, terminal, suberect, 5 – 6 cm long, 6–20-flowered (indumentum not known); bracteoles not known. Calyx tooth-like, small. Corolla buds tubular, c. 10 mm long, yellow. Fruits not seen.</p><p>Distribution — Only known by type collections (Schlechter 20166 &amp; 20319), West Sepik, Papua New Guinea.</p><p>Habitat &amp; Ecology — Recorded as occurring in lowland forest at an elevation of ‘800 m’ (Schlechter 1915).</p><p>Conservation status — Since the taxonomic status of this species is not well known, it is not possible to evaluate its conservation status.</p><p>Notes — 1. Since the Schlechter 20319 (Type) was not available for study, we have relied on the protologue and the type specimen of P. torricellensis var. pittosporoides (Schlechter 20166) to understand Schlechter’s species concept. Schlechter described the petioles (‘Stielchen’) of P. torricellensis as 4 mm long (Schlechter 1915: 128 – in the identification key). Since the lamina of the leaves on Schlechter 20166 (P) are broken, there are no petioles available for measurement. Our lack of understanding of the morphological variation within this species and, hence, its taxonomic status, results from the lack of known populations and herbarium specimens.</p><p>2. Although P. torricellensis var. pittosporoides is recorded as having slightly wider leaves than the typical variety (up to 4.5 cm wide vs 1.5–3 cm wide, respectively), it is here regarded as not sufficiently different to warrant taxonomic recognition, being a higher elevation broader-leaved variant of lower elevation plants of the nominant species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D1AC415C5BFFFCFFA5B2A0FB147C03	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Paul, O. K.;Conn, B. J.;Henwood, M. J.	Paul, O. K., Conn, B. J., Henwood, M. J. (2024): Taxonomic review of Polyosma (Escalloniaceae) in Papuasia. Blumea 69: 54-88, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2024.69.01.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2024.69.01.07
03D1AC415C5BFFFDFCEAB569FDAD7E01.text	03D1AC415C5BFFFDFCEAB569FDAD7E01.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polyosma trimeniifolia Kaneh. & Hatus.	<div><p>33. Polyosma trimeniifolia Kaneh. &amp; Hatus.</p><p>Polyosma trimeniifolia Kaneh. &amp; Hatus. (1942) 307, f. 3 (‘ trimeniaefolia ’). — Type: R. Kanehira &amp; S. Hatusima 14099 (holo FU, n.v.; probable iso A [A42998], sterile), Indonesia, Papua Barat, Vogelkop, Iray, Lake (= Anggi) Giji, ‘ 8 Apr. 1940 ’ and ‘ April 5, 1940 ’ (respectively).</p><p>Small tree to 5 m tall, densely branched. Branchlets glabrous. Leaves glabrous; petiole 0.5–1 cm long; lamina obovate-narrowly ovate or elliptic-narrowly ovate, usually c. 5 by 1.8– 2.5 cm, base narrowly cuneate, margin distantly serrate, apex obtuse to apiculate on upper leaves; secondary veins 9–10 on each side and diverging 60– 80° from midrib, closing by inframarginal looping veins; prominent (raised) on abaxial surface. Inflorescence racemose, terminal, erect, rachis 4– 5 cm long, 10–15-flowered; peduncles and pedicels sparsely hairy; bracteoles not recorded. Calyx lobes c. 0.5 mm long. Corolla not recorded. Fruits not recorded, presumably densely hairy.</p><p>Distribution — Only known from the type material collected in Indonesia (Papua Barat: Vogelkop).</p><p>Habitat &amp; Ecology — Recorded from “mossy forests ... at about 2,000 m altitude” (Kanehira &amp; Hatusima 1942: 308). The probable isotype (as held at A) records the habitat as “ On the open spinneys (sic) on the rigde [ridge] running to Lake Gita. ”</p><p>Conservation status — The taxonomic, and hence conservation status of this species is unknown.</p><p>Nomenclature — The specific epithet provided by Kanehira &amp; Hatusima (1942) (namely ‘trimeniaefolia’) consisted of two elements that were not combined correctly (Turland et al. 2018: Art. 60.10), and so is corrected to ‘trimeniifolia .’</p><p>Although the replicate sheet of the type collection, as held at A, has a different collection date to that of the holotype (at FU), it is here regarded as a probable labelling error .</p><p>Note — Although P. trimeniifolia is taxonomically inadequately known, it is morphologically similar to P. dentata and P. rampae . It is a small tree up to 5 m tall, similar to P. dentata (4–6.8 m tall, vs P. rampae which is a s hrub, c. 2 m tall); lamina obovate-narrowly ovate or elliptic-narrowly ovate, like P. rampae with lamina narrowly obovate (vs lamina broadly elliptic in P. dentata); lamina usually c. 5 by 1.8–2.5 cm (vs (1.2–)1.5–2.7 by 0.5–1.1 cm in P. rampae; 5.5–11.5 by 3–5 cm in P. dentata); leaf apex obtuse to apiculate (on upper leaves) (vs acute or mucronate in P. rampae; acuminate in P. dentata); inflorescence terminal for both P. trimeniifolia and P. rampae (vs axillary for P. dentata); inflorescence rachis 4–5 cm long (vs 1.5–2 cm long in P. rampae; (2–) 4–6 cm long in P. dentata); rachis for both P. trimeniifolia and P. dentata hairy (vs glabrous in P. rampae); calyx lobes c. 0.5 mm long (vs c. 1.2 mm long in P. rampae; 1–4 mm long in P. dentata).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D1AC415C5BFFFDFCEAB569FDAD7E01	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Paul, O. K.;Conn, B. J.;Henwood, M. J.	Paul, O. K., Conn, B. J., Henwood, M. J. (2024): Taxonomic review of Polyosma (Escalloniaceae) in Papuasia. Blumea 69: 54-88, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2024.69.01.07, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2024.69.01.07
