taxonID	type	description	language	source
03D187F96834564D1B9E708D52A1712B.taxon	description	Shell The shell was the only aspect of this species available to Pilsbry, and Pilsbry’s description of the shell needs little modification: " The imperforate shell is depressed, lens­shaped, acutely carinate [emphasis added], the height not much exceeding half of the diameter. Spire low conic, or slowly increasing whorls, the first two convex, the rest nearly flat, impressed above the keel; last whorl shortly descending in front. The base is flattened below the keel, then convex, and slightly impressed around the central axis. The embryonic whorls are most minutely granulose. Later whorls are lightly striate, the striae low, very unequal. Base with fainter striae and densely, minutely granulose. The aperture resembles that of S. fraternum but is narrower, the parietal tooth nearer to the basal lip, approaching it slightly towards the outer end; nearly straight, rather low, connecting with the end of the collumellar lip by a low, curved ridge. The basal lip is reflected, rather strongly thickened within, the thickening narrowing at the passage of basal into columellar margin, forming a rounded sinus there; in the outer half of the basal margin it is wider, but narrows gradually at the position of the keel, not abruptly as in S. barbigerum. " (Pilsbry, 1940, p. 687). The only addition we can make to Pilsbry’s description is that there is sometimes a small fulcrum (using Pilsbry's terminology; see his description of S. hirsutum barbatum, Pilsbry, 1940, p. 665) positioned well within the ultimate whorl. This fulcrum can be seen in Figure 3 (bottom left photo). Pilsbry (1940) reported a range of 4.5 – 5.0 for whorl count; our specimens had whorl counts of 4.5. Hubricht (1943) described the periostracum as reddish brown and covered with short hairs on both surfaces. Many specimens are reddish brown, but shell coloration in this species ranges from reddish brown to light brown or amber (Figure 1). Reproductive tract In general outline, the genitalia of this animal are similar to those of S. stenotrema (Pfeiffer, 1842) as described by Pilsbry (1940, p. 640 and Figure 400 A) (Figure 4). There are, however, several features that may be considered diagnostic. In particular, the penis is short, stout, and surrounded by a broad band of muscle that extends from the origin of the penis, at the genital atrium, for some distance; the band constricts the diameter of the penis such that the apex of the organ, below its communication with the epiphallus, is inflated. The band and the most adjacent penile walls are annulated. The epiphallus inserts on the summit of the penis at the origin of the penile retractor and is inflated for a short distance before narrowing to the vas deferens. The latter structure is elongate and uniform in width and widens slightly at its insertion with the prostate, which is elongate, granular in texture, and tightly appressed to the uterus along its length. The free oviduct is short and unelaborated; it diverges into a simple, short spermathecal duct and connects to the unelaborated, ovoid spermatheca. The spermatheca and its associated duct are firmly appressed to and twisted about the free oviduct and uterine walls in the intact animal. The free oviduct is twisted like a rope; the twists number approximately ten in mature animals. The albumen gland is of the usual form, not elongate. The hermaphrodite duct is typically convoluted and associated with a small seminal receptacle that appears like an appendix. The ovotestis is merged with the digestive gland. Radula The radular ribbon is simple, with a dentary formula of 1: 10: 10 with minor variation (in the marginal count especially) (Figure 5). The central tooth is symmetrical. More centrally positioned lateral teeth are asymmetric and are composed of a robust mesocone, reduced endocone, and a well­developed ectocone. Toward the zone of marginal teeth the lateral teeth become smaller and exaggerated in their asymmetry. Marginal teeth are smaller than laterals and are elaborately denticulate toward the margin. Overall ribbon length of five specimens was 2.0 – 2.5 mm and comprised a row count of 91.4 (range 75 – 104) for a total of between 1500 and 2000 teeth. Jaws In mature specimens examined here the broad ribs number from 5 – 8 (Figure 5); Pilsbry (1940, p. 640) reported 8 – 13 in S. stenotrema. The jaw is amber colored and translucent. The intervals between the ribs are much smaller than the ribs themselves.	en	Anderson, Frank E., Smith, David A. (2005): A redescription of the carinate pillsnail, Euchemotrema hubrichti (Pilsbry, 1940) (Pulmonata: Polygyridae), with notes on habitat and genetics. Zootaxa 807 (1): 1-11, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.807.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.807.1.1
