identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03D31809FF919C3B3970FDE7FD74FAE8.text	03D31809FF919C3B3970FDE7FD74FAE8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Disporum Salisb.	<div><p>Disporum Salisb.</p><p>Disporum Salisb.(1812) 331; D. Don (1825) 50,(1839) 44; Baker (1874) 588; Benth.&amp; Hook.f. (1883) 831; Hook.f. (1894) 359;Q. Jones (1951) 5; Backer &amp; Bakh.f. (1968) 94; Char. (1973) 88; Jessop (1979) 217; H. Hara (1988) 163; B.Nord. (1998) 184; Songyun &amp; M.N.Tamura (2000) 154. — Type: Disporum pullum Salisb., nom. illeg. = Uvularia chinensis Ker Gawl. (= D. cantoniense (Lour.) Merr.).</p><p>Perennial erect herbs. Rhizomes short vertical and horizontal, creeping, densely noded with storage roots. Roots fleshy. Aerial stems erect and arching, simple or distally 2–7-branched; lower part of aerial stem rounded with adventitious roots at first and second node, the axis with two grooves, green or dark purple; the upper part rounded or rectangular, the axis with ridges, green. Cataphylls 2 – 9, sheathing lower part of stem, papery, glabrous, green or brown, venation palmately netted. Leaves simple, alternate or opposite, lamina narrow-lanceolate, elliptic or ovate, lower surface glabrous, upper surface glabrous or with peltate scales, base obtuse, margin dentate, renovate or involute, apex acuminate with mucro, papery when dried, glabrous, green, venation palmately netted; petiole absent or very short, V-shaped, heart-shaped or crescent shaped, with or without marginal ridges, green or light green, papillose on the ridges. Inflorescences axillary, leaf-opposed, umbellate, 2–11-flowered, pendulous; peduncle rectangular, papillose on the ridges, green. Flowers campanulate, tubulate or rotate; pedicel rectangular, papillose on the ridges, green. Perianth 6 tepals in 2 whorls, lanceolate, obovate, elliptic, oblong or ovate, white, pink or purplish red, base cuneate, glabrous or scabrous, margin entire or dentate, apex acute to acuminate, papery or membranous when dried, 1– 3-keeled, venation reticulate. Spurs gibbous or straight, rounded or cylindrical or funnel-shaped, glabrous or densely scabrous, apex obtuse, white, green, or dark red, 1- or 3-ridged, thick or membranous, glabrous or scabrous. Stamens 6; filament flat, narrowobclavate to oblong, white, green, pink or dark purplish red, glabrous or papillose; anthers 2-thecate, basifixed or dorsifixed, oblong, yellow or purplish red, opening extrorse with longitudinal slits. Ovaries superior, oblong, obovate or obovate to oblong, glabrous, 3-locular, 6 ovules (2 ovules/locule), placentation axi- lar; style oblong, with 3 shallow grooves, white or dark dull red, glabrous or densely papillose; stigma trifid, revolute or slightly revolute. Fruit a berry, globose or oblate, glabrous, pendulous, blue to black. Seeds 1–5, subglobose or triangular, brown or light brown, surface rough when dried.</p><p>Anatomical characters</p><p>STEM. Cuticle echinate. Epidermal cells rounded or rectangular. Ground tissue consisting of parenchyma and sclerenchyma; forming a ring. Vascular system closed-collateral; lower part rounded to sub-rectangular; parenchyma accumulating tannin.</p><p>PETIOLE. Cuticle echinate. Epidermal cells rounded or rectangular; papillae present or absent. Ground tissue comprising parenchyma and collenchyma; some species accumulate tannin in ground tissue . Vascular system closed-collateral with sclerenchyma surrounding the bundles; vascular bundles 8–19, round or elliptic.</p><p>LEAVES. Leaf in surface view: epidermal cells with sinuous anticlinal walls; adaxially peltate scales present or absent; abaxially glabrous, stomata anomocytic (hypostomatic). Leaf in transverse view: dorsiventral. Epidermis with 2 zones, costal and intercostal with smooth or echinate cuticle. Palisade: 1 or 2 layers, cells rectangular. Spongy mesophyll sparse, cells irregularly shaped. Midrib: vascular system U-shaped to V-shaped. Margin: involute or revolute. Upper epidermal cells with smooth or echinate cuticle. Lower epidermal cells with echinate cuticle.</p><p>Pollen morphology</p><p>Monad, asymmetrical or bilateral in equatorial view, spheroidal, sub-spheroidal or prolate; equatorial axis 27 ± 0.60–44 ± 0.72 µm long; polar axis 25 ± 0.73–40 ± 0.53 µm long; 2 –3-porate or monosulcate; exine thickness 1–3 ± 0.71 µm; rugulate with granulate surface, or rugulate with perforate ornamentation.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D31809FF919C3B3970FDE7FD74FAE8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Sarapan, A.;Chamchumroon, V.;Hodkinson, T. R.;Suwanphakdee, C.	Sarapan, A., Chamchumroon, V., Hodkinson, T. R., Suwanphakdee, C. (2024): Taxonomic revision of Disporum (Colchicaceae) from Thailand including four new species. Blumea 69 (2): 139-160, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2024.69.02.04, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2024.69.02.04
03D31809FF999C303A3FFA32FAFAFB2D.text	03D31809FF999C303A3FFA32FAFAFB2D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Disporum cantoniense (Lour.) Merr.	<div><p>2. Disporum cantoniense (Lour.) Merr. — Fig. 3, 5, 6; Map 1</p><p>Disporum cantoniense (Lour.) Merr. (1919) 229; H.Hara, Stearn &amp; L.H.J.Williams (1987) 72; H. Hara (1988) 183; Songyun &amp; M. N.Tamura (2000) 154. — Fritillaria cantoniensis Lour. (1790) 206. — Type: not indicated .</p><p>Uvularia chinensis Ker Gawl. (1806) pl. 916. — Disporum pullum Salisb. (1812) 331, nom. superfl.; D. Don (1841) 521; Baker (1874) 589; Hook.f. (1894) 360; Char. (1973) 88. — Lectotype (designated by Merrill 1919): Ker Gawler (1806) pl. 916.</p><p>Perennial, erect herbs. Rhizomes short, horizontal. Aerial stems 44–170 cm long; the lower part 25–131 cm long, green; the upper part 13–60 cm long with 2 ridges; distally 2–7-branched; internodes 2.5–19 cm long. Cataphylls 3–9, 3–9.5 by 0.8–4 cm, brown or reddish brown. Leave s: lamina narrow-lanceolate to elliptic or ovate, 5.5–17.5 by 1.8–7 cm, upper surface glabrous, base obtuse, margin dentate, revolute, apex acuminate, veins 3–10; petiole very short, 2–7 mm long, green with purple at proximal end. Inflorescences umbellate, 2–11 flowers; peduncle 1–15 mm long, green. Flowers campanulate, 8–20 mm long; pedicel 2–15 mm long, green with purple at both ends. Tepals oblong to narrow-obovate or lanceolate or elliptic, 1.3–1.8 by 0.3–0.6 cm, keeled without papillae, dark red or a dark dull red, base densely scabrous on both sides, green or light green, margin dentate, apex dark (dull) red. Spur s gibbous, 1– 3 mm long, rounded, glabrous, light green; ridges 3, thickened, glabrous, dark purple. Stamens 5–15 mm long; filament 4–10 mm long, glabrous, white; anther basifixed, yellow. Ovaries obovate to oblong, 7–15 by 2–3 mm, green or light green; style 4–15 mm long, white or purple, glabrous. Fruits globose, 5–7 by 8–10 mm, green and dark blue to black when ripening. Seeds 2 – 5, triangular or subglobose, brown or light brown, glabrous.</p><p>Distribution — India, China, Tibet, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam Thailand (Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai, Phayao, Nan, Lamphun, Loei), Malaysia, Indonesia.</p><p>Habitat &amp; Ecology — In open areas or along roadsides of mixed deciduous or evergreen forests (pine forest) at 800– 1600 m elevation. Flowering: June to August; fruiting: July to December.</p><p>Preliminary IUCN conservation status — A conservation status of LC is proposed. Disporum cantoniense is a very widespread species across SE Asia. It is distributed in the protected forest regions of the Northern, Northeastern and South-Western phytogeographical areas of Thailand.</p><p>Anatomical characters — Upper stem: two ridges (Fig. 3c). Petiole heart shaped with ridges (Fig. 3f). Leaves: upper epidermis cell above costal zone with echinate cuticle and intercostal zone with smooth cuticle; lower epidermal cells of costal zone with echinate cuticle and intercostal zone with smooth cuticle; margin revolute; anticlinal walls of adaxial epidermis sinuate (Fig. 3h).</p><p>Pollen morphological characters — For polar and equatorial views see Fig. 5e, f. Pollen in equatorial view with bilateral symmetry, prolate (P/E = 1.30–1.41 ± 0.03 µm), medium-sized (38–41 by 28–30 µm). Aperture monosulcate (Fig. 5g). Exine 1–3 ± 0.43 µm thick; ornamentation rugulate with granulate surface (Fig. 5h).</p><p>Note — Disporum cantoniense is distinguished by its campanulate flowers with dark red or dark dull red perianth. The spur is gibbous, 1–3 mm long, with 3 ridges. The basal tepal is densely scabrous. The filament is glabrous and white.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D31809FF999C303A3FFA32FAFAFB2D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Sarapan, A.;Chamchumroon, V.;Hodkinson, T. R.;Suwanphakdee, C.	Sarapan, A., Chamchumroon, V., Hodkinson, T. R., Suwanphakdee, C. (2024): Taxonomic revision of Disporum (Colchicaceae) from Thailand including four new species. Blumea 69 (2): 139-160, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2024.69.02.04, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2024.69.02.04
03D31809FF999C353970FB5CFE7BF924.text	03D31809FF999C353970FB5CFE7BF924.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Disporum chiangdaoense Sarapan & Suwanph. 2024	<div><p>3. Disporum chiangdaoense Sarapan &amp; Suwanph., sp. nov. — Fig. 3, 4, 5, 7, 8; Map 1</p><p>Disporum chiangdaoense differs from D. calcaratum in its perianth that is white and green or cream at apex (vs pink and purple in D. calcaratum) and the ridge of the spur is glabrous (vs papillose in D. calcaratum). — Type: A. Sarapan 46 (holo BKF!;iso BK!, BKF!, K!, KKU!, QBG!), Thailand, Chiang Mai province, Chiangdao district, Chiangdao Wildlife Sanctuary, 10 June 2021 .</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet refers to Chiangdao Wildlife Sanctuary,</p><p>Chiang Mai Province, where the type specimens were collected .</p><p>Perennial erect herbs. Rhizomes horizontal. Aerial stems 15– 94 cm long; the lower part 15–68 cm long, purple; the upper part 7–25 cm long with 4 ridges; simple or distally 2–4 branched; internode 1.5 – 20 cm long. Cataphylls 4 – 6, 1.2–6.5 by 0.5–2.5 cm, light or dark brown. Leaves: lamina narrow-lanceolate to elliptic or ovate, 2–10 by 1–3.5 cm, upper surface glabrous, base obtuse, margin dentate, revolute, dark purple, apex acuminate, veins 5–8; petiole ± absent or very short, 1–3 mm long, green. Inflorescences umbellate, 2–8 flowers; peduncle 1–20 mm long, green with purple at proximal and distal ends. Flowers campanulate, 10– 30 mm long; pedicel 10–25 mm long, green with purple at proximal and distal ends. Tepals oblong to obovate, 1.4–2.3 by 0.5–0.6 cm, 1–3 keeled with papillae, white, base glabrous, margin dentate, apex green or cream. Spurs straight or recurved with a ridge, 5 –10 mm long, cylindrical or funnel-shaped, glabrous, white; ridge membranous, glabrous, white. Stamens 10–13 mm long; filament 4–10 mm long white, papillose; anther basifixed, yellow. Ovaries obovate or oblong, 13–15 by 2 –3 mm, green; style 3–12 mm long, white, glabrous. Fruits globose, 4 – 6 by 3–6 mm, blue or dark blue when ripe. Seeds 2– 4, subglobose or triangular, brown or light brown, surface rough when dried.</p><p>Distribution — Endemic to Thailand (Provinces: Mae Hong Son (Mueang District); Chiang Mai (Chiangdao Wildlife Sanctuary)).</p><p>Habitat &amp; Ecology — In open areas or along roadsides of evergreen forest at 1200–2000 m elevation. Flowering: June to July; fruiting: August to February.</p><p>Preliminary IUCN conservation status — A conservation status of Vulnerable (VUD2) is proposed. Disporum chiangdaoense is endemic to Thailand and was collected from two localities, each with a small population. The species occurs in the Chiang Dao Wildlife Sanctuary that is a protected area and Hmong Microwave Village in Mae Hong Son province. Further exploration is needed.</p><p>Anatomical characters — Upper stem: four ridges (Fig. 3b). Petiole U-shaped, without ridges (Fig. 3e). Leaves: upper epidermal cells above costal and intercostal zones with echinate cuticles; lower epidermal cells of costal zone with echinate cuticles (Fig. 4d) and intercostal zone with smooth cuticles; margin revolute; anticlinal walls of adaxial epidermis sinuate (Fig. 4i).</p><p>Pollen morphological characters — For polar and equatorial views see Fig. 5i, j.</p><p>Pollen in equatorial view asymmetrical, subspheroidal (P/E = 1.10–1.15 µm), medium-sized (42–44 by 38–40 µm). Aperture triporate (Fig. 5k). Exine 1–3 ± 0.56 µm thick; ornamentation rugulate with perforate surface (Fig. 5l).</p><p>Note — Disporum chiangdaoense resembles D. calcaratum; both have campanulate flowers. However, they differ in several respects.A summary of the differences in morphology, anatomy and pollen morphologies between D. chiangdaoense and D. calcaratum is shown in Table 2.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D31809FF999C353970FB5CFE7BF924	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Sarapan, A.;Chamchumroon, V.;Hodkinson, T. R.;Suwanphakdee, C.	Sarapan, A., Chamchumroon, V., Hodkinson, T. R., Suwanphakdee, C. (2024): Taxonomic revision of Disporum (Colchicaceae) from Thailand including four new species. Blumea 69 (2): 139-160, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2024.69.02.04, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2024.69.02.04
03D31809FF9C9C363A3FF955FF3CFCB1.text	03D31809FF9C9C363A3FF955FF3CFCB1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Disporum dorsifixerum Sarapan & Suwanph. 2024	<div><p>4. Disporum dorsifixerum Sarapan &amp; Suwanph., sp. nov. — Fig. 3, 4, 5, 9, 10; Map 1</p><p>Disporum dorsifixerum has dorsifixed anthers; it differs from D. calcaratum in its flowers which are rotate (vs campanulate in D. calcaratum); the ridge of the spur that lacks papillae (vs papillose in D. calcaratum), and the tepals that are apically green (vs pale pink in D. calcaratum). — Type: A. Sarapan 33 (holo BKF!; iso BK!, BKF!, K!, KKU!,QBG!), Thailand, Lamphun province, Mae Tha district, Doi Khun Tan National Park, 12 June 2021.</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the dorsifixed anther attachment that is a unique distinguishing character for this species.</p><p>Perennial erect herbs. Rhizomes horizontal. Aerial stems 25–160 cm long; the lower part 5–77 cm long, green; the upper part 15– 62 cm long with 2 ridges; distally 2 –6 branched; internodes 1.5–22 cm long. Cataphylls 3–6, 1.5–7.8 by 0.4–2.5 cm, brown or reddish brown. Leaves: lamina narrow-lanceolate to elliptic or ovate, 4.5–14 by 1.8–7 cm, upper surface glabrous, base obtuse, margin dentate, revolute, apex acuminate, veins 3–12; petiole 1–6 mm long, white or green, papillose. Inflorescences umbellate, 2 –10 flowers; peduncle 2 –40 mm long, green. Flowers rotate, 8–20 mm long; pedicel 10–32 mm long, green with purple at proximal and distal ends. Tepals lanceolate to obovate or elliptic to ovate, 1–1.7 by 0.3–0.8 cm, keels 1–3, with papillae, pink or dark purplish red or a dark dull red, base glabrous, margin entire, revolute, apex green. Spurs straight or recurved with a ridge, 5–7 mm long, cylindrical or funnel-shaped, glabrous, pink or light pink or dark purplish red; ridge membranous, glabrous, dark dull red. Stamens 7–14 mm long; filament 4–10 mm long, pink or dark purplish red, smooth; anther dorsifixed, yellow or purplish red. Ovaries globose or obovate, 13–15 by 2 –4 mm, green or pale green to yellow; style 5–10 mm long, dark dull or dark purplish red, papillose. Fruits oblate or globose, 0.4–14 by 0.6–1.4 cm, deep black- ish blue when ripe. Seeds 1–5, subglobose or triangular, light brown to brown, glabrous.</p><p>Distribution — Endemic to Thailand (Lamphun: Doi Khun Tan National Park; Tak: Thung Yai Naresuan Wildlife Sanctuary).</p><p>Habitat &amp; Ecology — In open areas and along roadsides of mixed deciduous and evergreen forests at 1300–1800 m elevation. Flowering: July to August; fruiting: July to December.</p><p>Preliminary IUCN conservation status — A conservation status of Vulnerable (VUD2) is proposed. Disporum dorsifixerum is endemic to Thailand and is known from two localities, each with a small population where a few individuals were observed. The species might occur in other areas in the Northern region of Thailand. A further survey is needed to reassess the conservation status.</p><p>Anatomical characters — Upper stem: two ridges. Petiole V-shaped with ridges. Leaves: upper epidermal cells above costal zone with echinate cuticles and intercostal zone with smooth cuticles (Fig. 3l); lower epidermal cells of costal zone with echinate cuticles (Fig. 4e) and intercostal zone with smooth cuticles; margin slightly revolute; anticlinal walls of adaxial epidermis sinuate (Fig. 4j).</p><p>Pollen morphological characters — For polar and equatorial views see Fig. 5m, n.</p><p>Pollen in equatorial view asymmetrical, spheroidal (P/E = 1.03–1.12 µm), medium-sized (27–29 by 25–27 µm). Aperture triporate (Fig. 5o). Exine 1–3 ± 0.52 µm thick; ornamentation rugulate with granulate surface (Fig. 5p).</p><p>Note — Disporum dorsifixerum is similar to D. calcaratum in its pink to purple perianth. The differences are provided in Table 3.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D31809FF9C9C363A3FF955FF3CFCB1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Sarapan, A.;Chamchumroon, V.;Hodkinson, T. R.;Suwanphakdee, C.	Sarapan, A., Chamchumroon, V., Hodkinson, T. R., Suwanphakdee, C. (2024): Taxonomic revision of Disporum (Colchicaceae) from Thailand including four new species. Blumea 69 (2): 139-160, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2024.69.02.04, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2024.69.02.04
03D31809FF9F9C2D3A3FFC26FDADFBE5.text	03D31809FF9F9C2D3A3FFC26FDADFBE5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Disporum phuhinrongklaensis Sarapan & Chamch. 2024	<div><p>5. Disporum phuhinrongklaensis Sarapan &amp; Chamch., sp. nov. — Fig. 4, 5, 11, 12; Map 1</p><p>Disporum phuhinrongklaensis differs from D. calcaratum in its flowers that are rotate and white and green at the apex (vs campanulate and pink or dark purplish red in D. calcaratum); the ridge of the spur is glabrous (vs papillose in D. calcaratum); the filaments and style are white (vs pink or purple in D. calcaratum). — Type: A. Sarapan 40 (holo BKF!; iso BK!, BKF!, K!, KKU!, QBG!), Thailand, Pitsanulok province, Nakhon Thai district, Phu Hin Rong Kla National Park, 2 June 2021.</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet refers to Phu Hin Rong Kla National Park,</p><p>Phitsanulok province, where the type specimens were collected .</p><p>Perennial erect herbs. Rhizomes short, vertical or horizontal. Aerial stems 40–105 cm long; the lower part 27–57 cm long, green; the upper part 8–54 cm long with 3 ridges, distally 2–6 branched; internodes 3–17 cm long. Cataphylls 2–4, 2.5– 6.5 by 0.4–2 cm, green or pale green. Leaves: lamina narrow-lanceolate to ovate, 6–11 by 1–5 cm, upper surface glabrous, base obtuse, margin dentate, revolute, apex acuminate, veins 4 – 9; petiole absent or short, 1–3 mm long, green. Inflorescences umbellate, 3–8 flowers; peduncle 2–30 mm long, green with purple at proximal and distal ends. Flowers rotate, 10– 20 mm long; pedicel 10 –30 mm long, green with purple at proximal and distal ends. Tepals oblong to narrow-ovate or obovate, 1.4–2 by 0.4–1 cm, keels 1–3, with papillae, white, base glabrous, margin entire, apex green. Spurs straight or recurved with a ridge, 5– 9 mm long, cylindrical or funnel shaped, glabrous, white; ridge membranous, glabrous, white. Stamens 10–15 mm long; filament 7–12 mm long, white, papillose; anther basifixed, yellow. Ovaries obovate or oblong, 8–12 by 2–3 mm, green; style 2–8 mm long, white, glabrous. Fruits globose to oblong, 4–10 by 4–8 mm, green and black when ripening. Seeds 2 – 3, subglobose, brown or light brown, rugose when dried.</p><p>Distribution — Endemic in Thailand (Chiang Mai: Si Lanna National Park, Phitsanulok: Phu Hin Rong Kla National Park).</p><p>Habitat &amp; Ecology — In open areas or along roadsides of mixed deciduous and evergreen forests at 800–1200 m elevation. Flowering: May to June; fruiting: July to December.</p><p>Preliminary IUCN conservation status — A conservation status of Vulnerable (VUD2) is proposed. Disporum phuhinrongklaensis is endemic to Thailand and is known from two localities, each with a small population where a few individuals were observed. The species might occur in other areas in the Phu Hin Rong Kla National Park and Si Lanna National Park. Further exploration is needed.</p><p>Anatomical characters — Upper stem: three ridges. Petiole V-shaped with ridges. Leaves: upper epidermal cells above costal zone with echinate cuticles and intercostal zone with smooth cuticles (Fig. 4a); lower epidermal cells of costal zone with echinate cuticles (Fig. 4f) and intercostal zone with smooth cuticles; margin revolute; anticlinal walls of adaxial epidermis sinuate (Fig. 4k).</p><p>Pollen morphological characters — For polar and equatorial views see Fig. 5q, r.</p><p>Pollen in equatorial view with bilateral symmetry, subspheroidal (P/E = 1.20–1.32 µm), medium-sized (35–37 by 28–30 µm). Aperture monosulcate (Fig. 5s). Exine 1–3 ± 0.53 µm thick; ornamentation rugulate with granulate surface (Fig. 5t).</p><p>Note — Disporum phuhinrongklaensis is similar to D. calcaratum as they share a long and straight spur. However, they differ in a number of respects, see Table 4.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D31809FF9F9C2D3A3FFC26FDADFBE5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Sarapan, A.;Chamchumroon, V.;Hodkinson, T. R.;Suwanphakdee, C.	Sarapan, A., Chamchumroon, V., Hodkinson, T. R., Suwanphakdee, C. (2024): Taxonomic revision of Disporum (Colchicaceae) from Thailand including four new species. Blumea 69 (2): 139-160, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2024.69.02.04, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2024.69.02.04
03D31809FF849C2D3A3FFB94FAD6FA7A.text	03D31809FF849C2D3A3FFB94FAD6FA7A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Disporum scabridum Sarapan & Hodk. 2024	<div><p>6. Disporum scabridum Sarapan &amp; Hodk., sp. nov. — Fig. 3, 4, 5, 13, 14; Map 1</p><p>Disporum scabridum differs from D. calcaratum in its flowers that are tubulate to campanulate with a deep purple red apex (vs campanulate with pink or pale pink apex in D. calcaratum); the basal tepal and spur are densely scabrous (vs glabrous in D. calcaratum). — Type: A. Sarapan 8 (holo BKF!; iso BK!, BKF!, K!, KKU!, QBG!), Thailand, Phitsanulok province, Nakhon Thai district,Phu Hin Rong Kla National Park, Mhan Daeng Waterfall, 7 July 2021.</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the densely scabrous spur that is characteristic of the species.</p><p>Perennial erect herbs. Rhizomes short, vertical or horizontal. Aerial stems 45–100 cm long; the lower part 68–73 cm long, green; the upper 20– 50 cm long with 2 ridges; simple or usually distally 2–3-branched; internode 1–20 cm long. Cataphylls 4–5, 4–5.5 by 0.6–1.2 cm, reddish brown. Leaves: lamina lanceolate, elliptic or ovate, 11–16 by 0.3–0.5 cm, upper surface glabrous, base obtuse, margin dentate, involute, dark purple, apex acuminate, veins 3–8; petiole absent or short, 2–10 mm long, green. Inflorescences umbellate, 3–7 flowers; peduncle 4–10 mm long, green. Flowers tubulate to campanulate, 12– 20 mm long; pedicel 4 – 20 mm long, green with purple at proximal and distal ends. Tepals lanceolate to obovate, 2–2.2 by 0.4–0.6 cm, 1–3 keels with papillae, dark red to light pure red or deep red with a slight tinge of purple, base densely scabrous on both sides, margin dentate, apex dark dull red. Spurs straight or recurved with a ridge, 5–7 mm long, cylindrical or funnel shaped, densely scabrous, dark red; ridges membranous, densely scabrous or papillose, dark dull red. Stamens 12–14 mm long; filament 8–12 mm long, white or green, densely papillate; anther basifixed, yellow. Ovaries oblong or obovate to oblong, 12 –14 by 2– 3 mm; style 6 –10 mm long, dark purplish red, papillose. Fruits globose, 4–6 by 3–7 mm, green and black when ripening. Seeds 2 – 4, subglobose or triangular, light brown to brown, rough surface when dried.</p><p>Distribution — Endemic to Thailand (Pitsanulok: Phu Hin Rong Kla National Park).</p><p>Habitat &amp; Ecology — In open areas and along roadsides of mix deciduous or evergreen forests at 1000–1800 m elevation. Flowering: June to July; fruiting: July to November.</p><p>Preliminary IUCN conservation status — A conservation status of Vulnerable (VUD1) is proposed. Disporum scabridum is endemic to Thailand and is known only from one small population where a few individuals were observed. The species might occur in other areas in the Phu Hin Rong Kla National Park. Further exploration is needed.</p><p>Anatomical characters — Upper stem: two ridges. Petiole V-shaped with ridges. Leaves: upper epidermal cells above costal and intercostal zones (Fig. 3j) with smooth cuticles (Fig. 4b); lower epidermal cells of costal and intercostal zones with smooth cuticles; margin involute (Fig. 3h); anticlinal walls of adaxial epidermis sinuate (Fig. 4l).</p><p>Pollen morphological characters — For polar and equatorial views see Fig. 5u, v. Pollen in equatorial view with bilateral symmetry, spheroidal (P/E = 1.02–1.10 µm), medium-sized (39–41 by 37–39 µm). Aperture 2-porate (Fig. 5w). Exine 2 –3 ± 0.48 µm thick; ornamentation rugulate with granulate surface (Fig. 5x).</p><p>Note — Morphologically, Disporum scabridum is similar to</p><p>D. calcaratum; the differences are shown in Table 5.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D31809FF849C2D3A3FFB94FAD6FA7A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Sarapan, A.;Chamchumroon, V.;Hodkinson, T. R.;Suwanphakdee, C.	Sarapan, A., Chamchumroon, V., Hodkinson, T. R., Suwanphakdee, C. (2024): Taxonomic revision of Disporum (Colchicaceae) from Thailand including four new species. Blumea 69 (2): 139-160, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2024.69.02.04, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2024.69.02.04
