taxonID	type	description	language	source
03D53B1F623DFFDDFF72FBEFFA12F976.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Coloradactria frigida A. Warren, Ferris & B. Landry, described below.	en	Warren, Andrew D., Ferris, Clifford D., Landry, Bernard, Gauthier, Jeremy, Léger, Théo, Bilat, Julia, Nunes, Christian A. (2025): A New Genus and Species of Crambinae (Pyraloidea: Crambidae) with Brachypterous Females from Colorado, U. S. A. The Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society 79 (2): 73-84, DOI: 10.18473/lepi.79i2.a1, URL: https://doi.org/10.18473/lepi.79i2.a1
03D53B1F623DFFDDFF72FBEFFA12F976.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Coloradactria frigida is close to Neodactria Landry as shown by morphological characters, notably the general configuration of the male and female genitalia (Fig. 3). The narrower forewing of the male and the overall pattern (Fig. 2 a, b) differ from Neodactria, which often have distinct postmedian and subterminal transverse lines, but no spot submedially. In venation, Coloradactria frigida differs from Neodactria and most other New World Crambini genera (see Landry, 1995) in the long stem of M 2 + M 3 or the fusion of these two veins in the forewing as well as the missing vein in the Median or Cubitus sector of the hindwing. The reduced tympanal organs of C. frigida (Figs. 3 e, f) also contrast with the fully complete tympanal organs of Neodactria (see Landry 1995: fig. 230). In the female, the more or less complete brachyptery offers a striking contrast with the fullywinged female moths of Neodactria. In addition, our phylogenetic analysis of the six genes (Fig. 1) recovers Coloradactria as the sister group of Neodactria.	en	Warren, Andrew D., Ferris, Clifford D., Landry, Bernard, Gauthier, Jeremy, Léger, Théo, Bilat, Julia, Nunes, Christian A. (2025): A New Genus and Species of Crambinae (Pyraloidea: Crambidae) with Brachypterous Females from Colorado, U. S. A. The Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society 79 (2): 73-84, DOI: 10.18473/lepi.79i2.a1, URL: https://doi.org/10.18473/lepi.79i2.a1
03D53B1F623DFFDDFF72FBEFFA12F976.taxon	description	Description. Males. Head with frons rounded. Antenna laminate. Labial palpi long (approximately 2.7 X eye diameter), porrect (on images of live moths), slender tapering to tips, without scale tufts. Maxillary palpi short, bushy. Haustellum fully developed. Chaetosemata present. Ocelli present. Interocular index 0.87. Foreleg with epiphysis. Midleg with apical spurs of equal lengths. Hindleg with dual median spurs on tibia and at tibialtarsal joint equal in length. FW shape variable in width and inclination of outer margin, more strongly inclined in specimens with narrower forewings; retinaculum absent. Wing venation (Fig. 4): FW Sc free, reaching slightly beyond middle of wing; R 1 free or on short stem with R 2, not connecting with Sc; R 2 from same base as R 1, sometimes on short stem with it, or well separated from it; R 3 very short or vestigial, from middle of R 4; R 5 from slightly before middle of R 3 + 4; M 1 free, arising below R 5; M 2 + M 3 on long stalk varying between half to four-fifths of length, or completely fused; CuA 1, CuA 2 and Anal vein free. HW Rs connected with Sc + R 1 at about two-thirds of its length; M 1 with a short cross-vein at about one-fourth the length of M 1, running alongside base of Sc + R stem for about one-third of its length; M 2, M 3, CuA 1, and CuA 2 with one vein missing. Tympanal organs very much reduced (Fig. 3 e), with strong venulae secundae, much reduced tympanic pockets, without tympanic ridge, wide tympanic bridge, reduced tympanic drums. Genitalia with poorly developed gnathos and pseudosaccus, valva with a strong costal process and without sacculus, phallus essentially a uniform cylinder, opened dorsally at apex. Females. As male except antenna filiform (Fig. 7 b). Wings reduced, non-functional in terms of flight; one completely apterous, forewing length in remaining specimens varying from shriveled stump to 6 mm. Tympanal organs more strongly reduced than in males, without distinct tympanic pockets or drums (Fig. 3 f). Genitalia typical of Crambini; with papillae anales not distinctly divided into lobes; apophyses short; segment VIII dorsally narrow; sterigma robust, heavily sclerotized and strongly protruding; ductus bursae short, unsclerotized; corpus bursae simple, without signum.	en	Warren, Andrew D., Ferris, Clifford D., Landry, Bernard, Gauthier, Jeremy, Léger, Théo, Bilat, Julia, Nunes, Christian A. (2025): A New Genus and Species of Crambinae (Pyraloidea: Crambidae) with Brachypterous Females from Colorado, U. S. A. The Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society 79 (2): 73-84, DOI: 10.18473/lepi.79i2.a1, URL: https://doi.org/10.18473/lepi.79i2.a1
03D53B1F623DFFDDFF72FBEFFA12F976.taxon	distribution	Diversity and distribution. This genus includes only the one species described here and no others are known. It is distributed in Colorado, USA, between 1584 and 1914 m elevation.	en	Warren, Andrew D., Ferris, Clifford D., Landry, Bernard, Gauthier, Jeremy, Léger, Théo, Bilat, Julia, Nunes, Christian A. (2025): A New Genus and Species of Crambinae (Pyraloidea: Crambidae) with Brachypterous Females from Colorado, U. S. A. The Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society 79 (2): 73-84, DOI: 10.18473/lepi.79i2.a1, URL: https://doi.org/10.18473/lepi.79i2.a1
03D53B1F623DFFDDFF72FBEFFA12F976.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The new genus is placed in the Crambini based on the shape of the gnathos and the female papillae anales disconnected dorsally (see Fig. 3 b and Landry, 1995). The open hindwing cell is also present in all Crambini although not exclusive to them. The variation in shape and width of the male forewing is quite unusual in Crambinae, not to mention the variation in the female ̓ s shortened wings. In the forewing venation, the individual variation in the length of the stem of M 2 + M 3, sometimes including their complete fusion, is very unusual for Crambinae. In the hindwing venation, the missing vein in the Median or Cubital sector is also found in Almita Landry and Raphiptera Hampson, two genera with diminutive species. Descaling of the wings was extremely difficult because of the fragile nature of the membrane, which tore easily, and tenacious attachment of the scales.	en	Warren, Andrew D., Ferris, Clifford D., Landry, Bernard, Gauthier, Jeremy, Léger, Théo, Bilat, Julia, Nunes, Christian A. (2025): A New Genus and Species of Crambinae (Pyraloidea: Crambidae) with Brachypterous Females from Colorado, U. S. A. The Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society 79 (2): 73-84, DOI: 10.18473/lepi.79i2.a1, URL: https://doi.org/10.18473/lepi.79i2.a1
03D53B1F623DFFD2FC22F92AFAB1F977.taxon	description	(Fig. 5 male holotype; Figs. 2, 7 live specimens)	en	Warren, Andrew D., Ferris, Clifford D., Landry, Bernard, Gauthier, Jeremy, Léger, Théo, Bilat, Julia, Nunes, Christian A. (2025): A New Genus and Species of Crambinae (Pyraloidea: Crambidae) with Brachypterous Females from Colorado, U. S. A. The Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society 79 (2): 73-84, DOI: 10.18473/lepi.79i2.a1, URL: https://doi.org/10.18473/lepi.79i2.a1
03D53B1F623DFFD2FC22F92AFAB1F977.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. In male genitalia, Coloradactria frigida (Fig. 3 a – c) differs from Neodactria species in that the phallus apically is adorned with a pair of small spine-like projections in contrast to the absence of such projections or cornuti in Neodactria (see Landry, 1995: fig. 283; Landry & Metzler, 2002: fig. 2; Landry & Brown, 2005: fig. 8; Landry & Albu, 2012: fig. 3), although N. oktibbeha Landry & Brown (2005: fig. 4) shows a pair of ̒ more or less sclerotized and blunt structures ̓ in that position. Also see the generic diagnosis above for more diagnostic characters regarding both sexes.	en	Warren, Andrew D., Ferris, Clifford D., Landry, Bernard, Gauthier, Jeremy, Léger, Théo, Bilat, Julia, Nunes, Christian A. (2025): A New Genus and Species of Crambinae (Pyraloidea: Crambidae) with Brachypterous Females from Colorado, U. S. A. The Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society 79 (2): 73-84, DOI: 10.18473/lepi.79i2.a1, URL: https://doi.org/10.18473/lepi.79i2.a1
03D53B1F623DFFD2FC22F92AFAB1F977.taxon	description	Description. Males (n = 145). Head with frons covered in short dark gray scales, vertex with mixed pale gray and dark brownish-gray scales. Antenna with charcoal gray shaft, 1 – 2 whitish scales dorsally on each segment, sensilla short, white, length approximately 0.6 X length of forewing measured along costal margin; pedicel dark brownish gray. Labial palpi scaled brownish gray and very pale gray basally, mainly dark brownish-gray flecked with pale gray distally. Maxillary palpi with brownish-gray and whitish scales. Haustellum (Fig. 6) clothed with white scales. Eye ringed with whitish scales. Thorax brownishgray-scaled dorsally, paler ventrally. Legs with medium brownish gray femurs, paler tibia. Wings: forewing length 7 – 10 mm measured along costal margin from base to apex (holotype = 8 mm); wingspan: 11 - 18 mm (holotype 16 mm). Forewing length / width ratio (n = 3): 2.8 - 3.2. DFW pale gray sprinkled with gray scales, central elongate spot; narrow curved post-median dark band; marginal dark band concolorous with base of fringe; fringe tips white; wing basically framed with darker scales along all of margins. DHW very pale gray, streaked and speckled with darker scales, but without discernible pattern or discal spot; fringe similar to DFW. Ventrally both wings unpatterned, pale gray, sparsely sprinkled with gray scales; VFW slighter darker than VHW. Abdominal segments banded with charcoal gray scales centrally basad, and white-tipped scales distad and at sides. Segment 1 very dark, segments 2 – 4 dark, shading to pale gray-brown at terminal segments; pattern repeated ventrally, but much paler. Male genitalia (n = 5): Tegumen pedunculus dorsally broad, with pedunculi narrowing to junction with valvae .. Uncus approximately equal in length to tegumen pedunculus tapering from base to blunt rounded tip. Gnathos approximately half as long as uncus, broad basally with parallel sides to rounded apex. Cucullus basally broad for two-thirds of length, then narrowing, with rounded apex. Costal arm curved and slender and equal in length to cucullus. Phallus narrowing at mid-length before expanding again apically, subapically adorned with pair of short spines on opposing sides. Females (n = 141). Antenna dorsally white with few scattered gray scales (Fig. 7 b). Head, palpi, thorax, abdomen, and legs as in males, but markings brighter and more intense. Forewings dorsally white-scaled with variable dark transverse gray-brown bands, as follows: basal patch in some specimens, wide median band, wide post-median band, and marginal band extending into fringe; area between bands varying from unmaculated white scales to overlay sprinkling of brown scales. Dorsal maculation not repeated ventrally. Hindwing dorsally only with marginal band extending into fringe. Hindwings white to gray, with pale brown longitudinal streaks and a variable light scattering of dark scales. There is a suggestion of a dark broken band in the outer margin. Female genitalia (n = 7). Papillae anales with short setation. Posterior and anterior apophyses of about equal lengths. Sterigma a dorsally open trough. Ductus bursae about 0.45 X as long as corpus bursae. Corpus bursae a simple elongate sac 3 to 4 X as wide as ductus bursae. The eggs and larvae are discussed in the Biology section that follows.	en	Warren, Andrew D., Ferris, Clifford D., Landry, Bernard, Gauthier, Jeremy, Léger, Théo, Bilat, Julia, Nunes, Christian A. (2025): A New Genus and Species of Crambinae (Pyraloidea: Crambidae) with Brachypterous Females from Colorado, U. S. A. The Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society 79 (2): 73-84, DOI: 10.18473/lepi.79i2.a1, URL: https://doi.org/10.18473/lepi.79i2.a1
03D53B1F623DFFD2FC22F92AFAB1F977.taxon	materials_examined	Type series and type locality. All specimens diurnal and collected by Andrew D. Warren, except where noted. Male holotype: USA, Colorado, Douglas Co., Castle Pines North, vic. 39 ° 29 ̓ 58.9 " N, 104 ° 54 ̓ 40.3 " W, 6280 ̓, 1914 m, 5. xi. 2023. The holotype will be placed in the C. P. Gillette Museum of Arthropod Diversity, Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA (CSU). Paratypes: 145 males and 141 females, as follows: same locality as holotype, 4. xi. 2023, 46 males; 5. xi. 2023, 8 males; 6. xi. 2023, 10 males; 9. xi. 2023, 1 male; 1. xi. 2023, 3 males; 15. xi. 2023, 1 male; 20. x. 2024, 5 males, 2 females; 22. x. 2024, 11 males, 4 females; 23. x. 24, 10 males, 4 females; Colorado, Douglas County, Highlands Ranch, Marcy Gulch Trail vic. Foothills Park, 5700 ̓, 39 ° 32 ̓ 04.6 " N, 105 ° 00 ̓ 01.3 " W, 24. x. 2024, 13 males, 32 females; Colorado, Douglas County, Highlands Ranch, behind Thunder Ridge High School, 5661 ̓, 39 ° 32 ̓ 11.1 " N, 105 ° 00 ̓ 29.0 " W, 25. x. 2024, 6 males, 21 females); 26. x. 2024, Andrew D. Warren & Christian Nunes, 8 males, 69 females; 27. x. 2024, Andrew D. Warren & David J. Warren, 4 males, 25 females; 2. xi. 2024, 3 males, 11 females; 15. xi. 2024, 11 males, 2 females; 17. xi. 2024, 2 males, 2 females; 21. xi. 2024, 1 female; Colorado, Douglas County, Wildcat Mountain, 6342 ̓, 39 ° 30 ̓ 32.1 " N, 104 ° 54 ̓ 51.6 " W, 13. xi. 2023, 1 male; Colorado, Douglas County, Highlands Ranch, behind Mountain Ridge Middle School, 6026 ̓, 39 ° 31 ̓ 18.7 " N, 104 ° 57 ̓ 40.8 " W, 28. x. 2024, 1 male. Paratype specimens of both sexes from the several collection localities will be deposited in the following institutional collections: CSU; McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL; Mississippi Entomological Museum, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi; National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC; Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Cornell University Insect Collection, Ithaca, NY; Oregon State University Arthropod Collection, Corvallis, OR; California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA; Hasbrouck Insect Collection, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ; Denver Museum of Nature and Science, Denver, CO; Muséum d ̓ histoire naturelle, Geneva, Switzerland, The Natural History Museum, London, England, with additional specimens in the private collections of ADW, Castle Pines, CO and CDF, Laramie, WY. Special paratype. Male voucher specimen (dissected) whose legs were used for DNA barcoding with pin labels as follows: Orange label — DNA voucher CRA 11 / Lepidoptera / B. Landry n ° 00164; White locality label — USA: COLORADO: Douglas / Co.: Castle Pines North, vic. / 39 ° 29 ̓ 58.9 ̓̓ N 104 ° 54 ̓ 40.4 ̓̓ W / 5 - XI- 2023, diurnal / Andrew D. Warren; Green label — Coloradactria / frigida / A. Warren, Ferris, & B. Landry / DNA voucher Paratype. This specimen will be placed with the holotype at CSU.	en	Warren, Andrew D., Ferris, Clifford D., Landry, Bernard, Gauthier, Jeremy, Léger, Théo, Bilat, Julia, Nunes, Christian A. (2025): A New Genus and Species of Crambinae (Pyraloidea: Crambidae) with Brachypterous Females from Colorado, U. S. A. The Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society 79 (2): 73-84, DOI: 10.18473/lepi.79i2.a1, URL: https://doi.org/10.18473/lepi.79i2.a1
03D53B1F623DFFD2FC22F92AFAB1F977.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The genus name Coloradactria denotes the geographic locality of the moth and its relationship to genus Neodactria. The adjectival species name frigida, Latin for cold, refers to the late-autumn emergence of the moths. The new name is regarded as feminine, as Neodactria, even though the description of the latter (Landry 1995) doesn ̓ t mention its gen-der explicitly.	en	Warren, Andrew D., Ferris, Clifford D., Landry, Bernard, Gauthier, Jeremy, Léger, Théo, Bilat, Julia, Nunes, Christian A. (2025): A New Genus and Species of Crambinae (Pyraloidea: Crambidae) with Brachypterous Females from Colorado, U. S. A. The Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society 79 (2): 73-84, DOI: 10.18473/lepi.79i2.a1, URL: https://doi.org/10.18473/lepi.79i2.a1
03D53B1F623DFFD2FC22F92AFAB1F977.taxon	distribution	Distribution. To date, C. frigida has been recorded from a few sites in Douglas, El Paso, and Weld counties, Colorado, in association with disturbed Sporobolus crŋptandrus. Adults have been found from October 20 to November 22. Targeted searches for C. frigida are likely to reveal additional populations at least in eastern Colorado, likely in southeastern Wyoming, and perhaps elsewhere; S. crŋptandrus has a very large distribution in North America, including southern Canada, most of the United States excluding the southeast, and northern Mexico (Britton & Brown 1970).	en	Warren, Andrew D., Ferris, Clifford D., Landry, Bernard, Gauthier, Jeremy, Léger, Théo, Bilat, Julia, Nunes, Christian A. (2025): A New Genus and Species of Crambinae (Pyraloidea: Crambidae) with Brachypterous Females from Colorado, U. S. A. The Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society 79 (2): 73-84, DOI: 10.18473/lepi.79i2.a1, URL: https://doi.org/10.18473/lepi.79i2.a1
03D53B1F623DFFD2FC22F92AFAB1F977.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology. Coloradatria frigida is found in strict association with highly disturbed Sporobolus crŋptandrus, with patches of bare ground interspersed between grass clumps. To date, all known habitats consist of frequently mowed and trampled Sporobolus. The type locality (Fig. 8 a) consists of a mowed area in front of a shed, and adjacent gravel pedestrian trail margins that are also regularly mowed, all within a large patch of Sporobolus. The densest known population of C. frigida also occurs among mowed and trampled Sporobolus, bordering a school sports field (Fig. 8 b). Moths were absent from adjacent patches of Sporobolus that were not disturbed by trampling and / or mowing. Given this, we speculate that grazing and disturbance caused by animal movements maintained suitable habitat for C. frigida in the past, likely by bison, pronghorn, deer, elk and prairie dogs. The flightless females of C. frigida seem to require large patches of mowed and / or trampled grass and bare ground for activity, and are often found adjacent to ant hills, despite some mortality observed during encounters with ants. Two ant species were observed eating the moths, and identified as Dorŋmŋrmex sp. and Pogonomŋrmex occidentalis (Cresson, 1865). Females easily detect and outrun the ants when they are warm. Males spend their time making short flights through these open areas, frequently landing on the ground or on low perches. Mating occurs in the morning, mostly between 10: 30 - 11: 30 hrs. Over a dozen courtships were observed in 2024. Females appear to attract males with an airborne pheromone, and mating occurs immediately once the male reaches the female. Pairs remained in copula (Fig. 7 d) from 30 minutes to 3 hours. Females of C. frigida deposit a very large number of pale-yellow eggs; larger females lay over 400 eggs, although most females lay around 250. When placed in a vial, females immediately begin to oviposit, and most eggs are oviposited in one day. Of several thousand eggs obtained by maintaining captive females, none developed right away. Eggs kept at room temperature turned pink after 15 – 20 days, and eclosed after 30 – 35 days. Eggs maintained in the refrigerator and outside stayed pale yellow and did not develop. Thus, we conclude that eggs overwinter under natural conditions. While details of the larval and pupal biology remain unknown, C. frigida larvae likely feed on the roots of S. crŋptandrus plants, since the apparent foodplants are regularly mowed and / or trampled all summer long. Sporobolus crŋptandrus has a very extensive root system, with roots extending up to two feet laterally and eight feet deep (Coupland & Johnson, 1965). Eggs and first instar larvae are illustrated in Fig. 9. The eggs are back-lit in the photo. The surface of the chorion presents multiple horizontal parallel low ridges. Adults of C. frigida apparently do not feed, although the haustellum (Fig. 6) in both sexes appears to be functional. Suitable nectar sources were common during the early part of the 2024 flight, yet adults were never observed at flowers or at damp ground. Despite this, adults are remarkably long-lived. Captive males maintained during 2024 at room temperature lived up to 11 days after mating; captive females at room temperature survived as long as 20 days. Adults maintained in the refrigerator survived even longer, with males living up to 18 days after mating, and females surviving as long as 43 days. Within their small patches of habitat, adults of C. frigida are remarkably abundant. In a small mowed area through a patch of S. crŋptandrus bordering the sod behind Thunder Ridge High School (Fig. 8 b), between October 25 – 27, 2024, during the warmest part of the day, over one hundred males of C. frigida were observed flying at once, through open areas in search of females. Another nearby patch of S. crŋptandrus immediately bordering the trail at Marcy Gulch also hosted the moths in incredible abundance in 2024, where males were so abundant between October 24 – November 17 that there was considerable mortality from walkers, bikers, and dogs, as well as dozens of Vespula pensŋlƲanica (Saussure) actively hunting them, both on the main paved pedestrian trail, and its 1.2 m wide mowed margins. Despite the incredible abundance of C. frigida in large mowed and trampled patches of S. crŋptandrus, no males were observed further than about 15 m from these areas.	en	Warren, Andrew D., Ferris, Clifford D., Landry, Bernard, Gauthier, Jeremy, Léger, Théo, Bilat, Julia, Nunes, Christian A. (2025): A New Genus and Species of Crambinae (Pyraloidea: Crambidae) with Brachypterous Females from Colorado, U. S. A. The Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society 79 (2): 73-84, DOI: 10.18473/lepi.79i2.a1, URL: https://doi.org/10.18473/lepi.79i2.a1
