identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03D587E1FFE0FFF6656EFB63FE3DF922.text	03D587E1FFE0FFF6656EFB63FE3DF922.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Magnolia biondii var. purpurascens Y. L. Wang & S. Z. Zhang 2013	<div><p>Magnolia biondii Pamp. var. purpurascens Y.L.Wang &amp; S.Z.Zhang, var. nov. — Fig.1, 2; Map 1</p><p>A varietate typica differt surculis et foliis subtus dense albo-pilosis, corollis cupulatis, tepalis late obovatis fere omnibus extus a basi ad medium vel ad apicem purpurascentibus. — Typus: Y. L. Wang Y20080308 (holo SZG), China, Shaanxi province, Lueyang county, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=106.16028&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.52778" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 106.16028/lat 33.52778)">Mount Qinling</a>, in deciduous forest along a stream at the bottom of a valley, alt. 1018 m, N33°31'40", E106°09'37", 8 Mar. 2008 .</p><p>Deciduous trees to 18 m tall. Bark pale grey, smooth; one or two years old twigs green, usually 3–4 mm diam, densely pale yellow to white appressed-pubescent. Petiole 1– 2 cm, stipular scar 1/5–1/3 as long as the petiole; leaf blades narrowly el- liptic, narrowly ovate or narrowly obovate, 10–18 by 3 – 5 cm, beneath light green, at first lanate-pubescent, above dark green; base cuneate, apex acute to shortly acuminate. Peduncle c. 1 cm; flower buds erect with pale greyish brown hair, spathe</p><p>1 Fairylake Botanical Garden, Shenzhen &amp; Chinese Academy of Sciences,</p><p>Shenzhen 518004, China;</p><p>corresponding author e-mail: shouzhouz@yahoo.com.cn. 2 Qinling National Botanical Garden, Xi’an 710061, China. 3 Swedish Magnolia Group, Laholm, Sweden. 4 College of Forestry,Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University,Yangling</p><p>712100, China. 5 Xi’an Botanical Garden, Xi’an 710061, China.</p><p>2–7; flowers cup-shaped, precocious, light fragrance, 5–7 cm diam; tepals 9, outer 3 tepals sepaloid, purplish red or light red, linguoid, 1–1.5 cm long; tepals of middle and inner whorls abaxially purplish red or purplish red from base to middle, petal-like, obovate-oblong, 3.7–5 by 1.8–3 cm, erect; stamens 8–10 mm long, filaments purple 3–4 mm, anthers 4–5 mm; gynoecium 2 cm long. Fruiting peduncle 1 by 0.7 cm, with residual long sericeous hairs; fruit cylindrical, 10–14 cm long, mature fol- licles red, suborbicular, compressed laterally, tuberculate; red aril and black seeds with deep furrow. Chromosome number: 2n = 2x = 38.</p><p>Distribution &amp; Habitat — Distributed in SE Gansu province (Huixian county), in S Shaanxi province (Foping, Langao, Lueyang, Ningshan, Pingli, Xunyang counties); in deciduous forests at 520–1320 m. Flowering: February to mid-March; fruiting: ripening August to September.</p><p>Accompanying vegetation — Acer mono Maxim., Betula platyphylla Sukaczev, Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) L’Hér. ex Vent., Castanea mollissima Blume, Celastrus orbiculatus Thunb., Corylus heterophylla Fisch. ex Trautv., Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook., Diospyros lotus L., Euptelea pleiospermum Hook.f. &amp; Thomson, Helwingia chinensis Batalin, H. japonica (Thunb.) F.Dietr., Juglans cathayensis Dode, Larix gmelini (Rupr.) Rupr., Lindera obutusiloba Blume, L. pungens Hemsl., Lonicera tangutica Maxim., Magnolia sprengeri Pamp., Pinus armandii Franch., P. tabuliformis Carrière, Populus adenopoda Maxim., Quercus aliena Blume var. acuteserrata Maxim. ex Wenz., Rhus chinensis Mill., Sabina chinensis (L.) Antoine, Tsuga chinensis (Franch.) Pritz., Vitis heyneana Roem. &amp; Schult.</p><p>Conservation — In the past, this species has suffered se- verely from large-scale forestry operations but the situation has recently improved as a result of the introduction of stringent forestry regulations. During fieldwork, we encountered only very small groups composed of 1–3 but occasionally up to 10 individuals. They usually occurred along streams at the bottom of valleys. Seed production can sometimes be abundant. Young seedlings were very rarely found and then in very low numbers. The flower buds were used as medicinal Xinyi in these areas in the past.</p><p>© 2013 Naturalis Biodiversity Center</p><p>Additional specimens. CHINA, Shaanxi, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=106.16028&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.52778" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 106.16028/lat 33.52778)">Lueyang</a>,alt. 1018 m, N33°31'40", E106°09'37", 9Aug.2006, Y. L . Wang, Y20060809 (fruits) (SZG) ; Shaanxi, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.05&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.133335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.05/lat 33.133335)">Xunyang</a>,alt. 520 m, N33°08', E109°03', 16 Mar.2007, Y. L . Wang, Y20070316 (flowers) (SZB) ; Shaanxi, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=107.76667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.55" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 107.76667/lat 33.55)">Foping</a>, alt. 1184–1316 m, N33°33' –33°35', E107°46' –107°50', 25 Apr. 2010, Y. L . Wang Y20100425­1, Y20100425­4, Y20100425­6 (fruits) (SZG) ; Gansu, Huixian, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=106.316666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.666668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 106.316666/lat 33.666668)">Xiaolongshan National Natural Reserve</a>,alt. 1057m, N33°40', E106°19', 27Apr.2010; Y. L . Wang, Y20100427­1, Y20100427­2 (fruits) (SZG).</p><p>Additional observations. CHINA, Shaanxi, Langao, alt. 1022–1092 m, N32°18' –32°19', E109°02'; Shaanxi, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.46667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.3" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.46667/lat 32.3)">Pingli</a>, alt. 739 m, N32°18', E109°28' ; Shaanxi, Ningshan, alt. 1092–1310 m, N33°18' –33°19', E108°26' –108°29'.</p><p>Notes — The new variety shows a distribution distinct from M. biondii var. biondii which occurs in Chongqing, W Henan, W Hubei and N Hunan (Liu et al. 2004, Xia et al. 2008). The flowers of var. biondii are usually white with a pale or purplish red nerve or a pale red stain on the base of the tepals which reflex gradually as in Fig. 2d which shows a medium open flower. The reflexing continues and eventually the tepals hang down before falling off in contrast to var. purpurascens where the purple-pigmented tepals are held erect until they are shed. Previous studies recorded this variety as diploid (Chen et al.1985, Li et al. 1998).</p><p>We have investigated many localities of M. biondii var. biondii, covering most its distribution area including the Xinyang, Nanzhao and Lushi counties in Henan province, Mount Shen- nongjia and Wufeng county in Hubei province, Cili county in Hunan province. All the trees observed in those localities show flower morphology consistent with that of var. biondii . The specimens from southern Shaanxi and Gansu, here described as the new var. purpurascens, are different, having flowers with erect and broadly obovate tepals of dark red colour abaxially. While M. biondii var. biondii often produce abundant but rather insignificant flowers, the new variety here described, M. biondii var. purpurascens, is an attractive garden tree for its shape and its purple or purple and white flowers.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D587E1FFE0FFF6656EFB63FE3DF922	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Wang, Y. L.;Ejder, E.;Yang, J. F.;Kang, Y. X.;Ye, W.;Zhang, S. Z.	Wang, Y. L., Ejder, E., Yang, J. F., Kang, Y. X., Ye, W., Zhang, S. Z. (2013): New varieties of Magnolia biondii and Magnolia cylindrica (Magnoliaceae) in China. Blumea 58 (1): 33-38, DOI: 10.3767/000651913X669707, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651913x669707
03D587E1FFE4FFF7656EF955FD93FDCB.text	03D587E1FFE4FFF7656EF955FD93FDCB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Magnolia cylindrica var. purpurascens Y. L. Wang & S. Z. Zhang 2013	<div><p>Magnolia cylindrica E.H.Wilson var. purpurascens Y.L.Wang &amp; S.Z.Zhang, var. nov. — Fig. 2, 3; Map 1</p><p>A varietate typica differt corollis cupulatis,tepalis late obovatis fere omnibus extus a basi ad medium vel ad apicem purpurascentibus. — Typus: Y. L. Wang Y2010­15 (holo SZG), China, Zhejiang province, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=119.63333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.733334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 119.63333/lat 27.733334)">Jingning county</a>,deciduous forest, alt. 1215 m, N27°44', E119°38', 27 Feb. 2010 .</p><p>Deciduous trees to 8–12 m tall. Bark pale grey, smooth; twigs yellowish brown. Petiole 1.2–1.8 cm, stipular scars 1/5–1/3 as long as petiole; leaf blades narrowly obovate or obovate-oblong, 14–17 by 7–8 cm, papery, green above, light green beneath with densely short hairs, base broadly cuneate, apex obtuse or acute. Peduncle 0.9–1.1 cm, densely pale yellow sericeous; flower buds ovoid, with pale greyish yellow to silvery grey long hairs; flowers cup-shaped, precocious; tepals 9, outer 3 tepals sepaloid, triangular or linguoid, 0.8–3 by 0.5–0.9 cm; tepals of middle and inner whorls purplish red abaxially but sometimes more or less white at the apex, petal-like, obovate-oblong, 3.7–4.2 by 1.8–2.2 cm, erect; stamens 0.8–1.0 cm, filament base purplish red, connective exerted and forming a tip or mucro; gynoecium purplish yellow, cylindrical-ovoid, 1.2–1.5 cm long, 50–65 carpels. Chromosome number 2n = 4x = 76 according to count in leaf bud samples.</p><p>Distribution &amp; Habitat — Endemic to Jingning and Songyang County, South of Zhejiang Province, China, in the semievergreen broad-leaved forests at 1100–1220 m. The area of occurrence belongs to the oceanic monsoon climate of the subtropical climatic zone. The Jingning population comprised 10 trees of which 7 were sampled for flowers and dry leaves. More than 20 trees were observed in Songyang county and 4 were sampled for flowers and dry leaves. No fruits were found in either area. The flower shape and other morphologi- cal characters are very homogeneous in and between the two populations. The abaxial tepal colour shows some variation in the extension of the white margin at the apex. No young seedlings were found around those trees. The populations are distributed within conservation areas of a local forest bureau and plants are protected very well in both areas. Some individuals of M. cylindrica var. purpurascens grow on the slope of a valley, whereas others were found along brooklets. Flowering: from the end of February to middle March; Fruiting: unseen.</p><p>Accompanying vegetation — Alnus trabeculosa Hand.-Mazz., Bretschneidera sinensis Hemsl., Camellia chekiangoleosa Hu, Chimonobambusa quadrangularis (Franceschi) Makino, Emmenopterys henryi Oliv., Halesia macgregorii Chun, Pinus taiwanensis Hayata, Taxus wallichiana var. mairei (Lemée &amp; H.Lév.) L.K.Fu &amp; Nan Li. There is also a larger population of Magnolia sinostellata P.L.Chiu &amp; Z.H.Chen growing together with this variety in the Songyang population, but no M. sinostellata individual was observed in the Jingning population.</p><p>Additional specimens. CHINA, Zhejiang province, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=119.63333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.733334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 119.63333/lat 27.733334)">Jingning</a>,alt. 900–1100 m, N27°44', E119°38', 27 Feb. 2010, Y. L . Wang, Y2010­16, Y2010­17, Y2010­ 18 ; Zhejiang province, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=119.53333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.266666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 119.53333/lat 28.266666)">Songyang</a>, alt. 880–1000 m, N28°16', E119°32', 26 Mar. 2012, Y. L . Wang, Y20120326­01, Y20120326­02, Y20120326­04, Y20120326­08 .</p><p>Notes — The new variety is distinct in its separate distribution compared with M. cylindrica var. cylindrica, which is found in the montane sparse forest at an altitude of 600–1700 in S Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangxi and N Fujian (Liu et al. 2004, Xia et al. 2008). The majority of known localities of var. cylindrica were investigated in the past years including Mount Huangshan in Anhui province, Mount Wuyi and Mount Efeng in Fujian province, Mount Lushan and Jinggang in Jiangxi province. The flowers of the typical variety are usually white with a purplish red nerve abaxially on the base. The tepals reflex as the flower develops as in Fig. 2j which shows an open flower. The tepals will keep reflexing further until they hang down and eventually fall off. These floral characters, which were common to all individuals observed in those localities of M. cylindrica var. cylindrica, differ from the erect purple-pigmented flowers of M. cylindrica var. purpurascens of S Zhejiang.The var. purpurascens is tetraploid (like var. cylindrica) in our chromosome counts.</p><p>This variety is an attractive garden tree based on its nice treeshape and purplish red flower. The flower buds or tree bark are not used as medicinal Xinyi or Houpu in these areas.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D587E1FFE4FFF7656EF955FD93FDCB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Wang, Y. L.;Ejder, E.;Yang, J. F.;Kang, Y. X.;Ye, W.;Zhang, S. Z.	Wang, Y. L., Ejder, E., Yang, J. F., Kang, Y. X., Ye, W., Zhang, S. Z. (2013): New varieties of Magnolia biondii and Magnolia cylindrica (Magnoliaceae) in China. Blumea 58 (1): 33-38, DOI: 10.3767/000651913X669707, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651913x669707
