identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03CD4D4925245D65FF48FF72FE5AFCDC.text	03CD4D4925245D65FF48FF72FE5AFCDC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cantotrella Gorochov 2006	<div><p>Subgenus Cantotrella Gorochov, 2006</p><p>Type species. Varitrella (Cantotrella) palawanensis Gorochov, 2006 by original designation.</p><p>Varitrella (Cantotrella) Gorochov, 2006: 33 — Gorochov &amp; Tan, 2014: 536; Tan et al., 2020: 264; Tan et al., 2022: 221.</p><p>Remarks. This subgenus consists of 27 species (and one subspecies) from Borneo (10 species), Indochina (one species), Malay Peninsula (one species), the Philippines (14 species), Sulawesi (one species) and Sumatra (one species). The species are most easily distinguishable from the male genitalia (Table 1), although some differences can also be observed in the colour patterns and FW venations in some taxa. Here, we describe two new species from Sulu Archipelago: Varitrella (Cantotrella) sulu Haibil, Nuñeza &amp; Tan, sp. nov. and Varitrella (Cantotrella) alternata Haibil, Nuñeza &amp; Tan, sp. nov.</p><p>The male calling songs are so far known for Varitrella (Cantotrella) suikei Tan, Japir &amp; Chung, 2020 and Varitrella (Cantotrella) tabin Tan, Japir, Chung &amp; Robillard, 2022 from Borneo and V. (C.) bakeri and V. (C.) fuscoirrorata from the Philippines (Tan et al., 2020, 2022, 2023). Here, we describe the calling songs of Varitrella (Cantotrella) sulu Haibil, Nuñeza &amp; Tan, sp. nov. from Sulu and Varitrella (Cantotrella) trusmadi Gorochov, 2014 from Sabah (Borneo).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CD4D4925245D65FF48FF72FE5AFCDC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Haibil, Helen H.;Nuñeza, Olga Macas;Damit, Dayang Fazrinah Binti Awg;Japir, Razy;Chung, Arthur Y. C.;Tan, Ming Kai	Haibil, Helen H., Nuñeza, Olga Macas, Damit, Dayang Fazrinah Binti Awg, Japir, Razy, Chung, Arthur Y. C., Tan, Ming Kai (2026): New species and bioacoustics of Varitrella (Cantotrella) (Oecanthidae: Podoscirtinae) from Sulu Archipelago and Borneo’s Sabah. Zootaxa 5821 (1): 61-77, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5821.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5821.1.4
03CD4D4925245D6CFF48FCF1FF00FE5E.text	03CD4D4925245D6CFF48FCF1FF00FE5E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Varitrella (Cantotrella) sulu Haibil, Nuneza & Tan 2026	<div><p>Varitrella (Cantotrella) sulu Haibil, Nuñeza &amp; Tan, sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 1A, 1B, 2–5)</p><p>Material examined. Holotype: PHILIPPINES • 1♂; Sulu Archipelago, Sulu Island, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=121.07325&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=6.077611" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 121.07325/lat 6.077611)">Barangay Kaunayan</a>; 6°04’39.4”N 121°04’23.7”E, 50 m.a.s.l.; 6 November 2025, 20h04; on foliage of shrub; coll. H.H. Haibil et al.; 21 #085 (PNM).</p><p>Paratypes: • 1♂; Sulu Archipelago, Sulu Island, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=121.07325&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=6.077611" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 121.07325/lat 6.077611)">Barangay Kaunayan</a>; 6°04’39.4”N 121°04’23.7”E, 50 m.a.s.l.; 6 November 2025, 20h06; on foliage of shrub; coll. H.H. Haibil et al.; 21 #086 (ZRC); calling song recorded ZOOM259, ZOOM317 (29.6°C/ RH 86.5%) • 1♂; Sulu Archipelago, Sulu Island, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=120.98736&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.978361" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 120.98736/lat 5.978361)">Barangay Bunut</a>; 5°58’42.1”N 120°59’14.5”E, 142 m.a.s.l.; 20 November 2025, 20h35; on branch of small tree; coll. H.H. Haibil et al.; 35 #190 (ZRC) • 1♂; Sulu Archipelago, Sulu Island, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=120.98614&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.979528" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 120.98614/lat 5.979528)">Barangay Bunut</a> Bunut; 5°58’46.3”N 120°59’10.1”E, 147 m.a.s.l.; 21 November 2025, 19h19; on leaf of small tree; coll. H.H. Haibil et al.; 35 #191 (ZRC); calling song recorded ZOOM290 (28.2°C/ RH 83.4%), ZOOM296 (28.2°C/ RH 83.4%).</p><p>Diagnosis. The new species is characterised by its dorso-anterior pseudepiphallic spines in profile slender and long, in dorsal view closely spaced together and close to the posterior apex of its pseudepiphallus; the latero-apical lobular parts of pseudepiphallus in profile each produced into a dorso-apical process; the pseudepiphallic paramere in profile forming a acute process, elongated and broadly curved; the ectophallic fold at the posterior end produced into wide and truncated apex and without distinctly produced lateral lobules; and the shape of the endophallic sclerite.</p><p>It is most similar to Varitrella (Cantotrella) variabilis Gorochov, 2006 from Palawan Island by the shape of the male genitalia; but differs by the pairs of dorso-anterior pseudepiphallic spines in dorsal view more closely spaced together compared to the pairs of latero-apical lobular parts of pseudepiphallus; the dorso-anterior pseudepiphallic spine closer to the latero-apical lobular parts; the latero-apical lobular parts of pseudepiphallus in profile slenderer with its dorso-apical process extended more dorsally; the pseudepiphallic paramere in profile more elongated and broadly curved, and in ventral view slenderer; the ectophallic fold at posterior end produced into wider lobules; the endophallic sclerite stouter with lateral arms stout and robust.</p><p>It is also similar to Varitrella (Cantotrella) fuscoirrorata (Chopard, 1925) and Varitrella (Cantotrella) mindanao Gorochov, 2025 from Mindanao by the shape of the male genitalia, particularly in the relative size and positions of the pairs of dorso-anterior pseudepiphallic spines and pairs of latero-apical lobular parts of pseudepiphallus; but differs by the latero-apical lobular parts of pseudepiphallus in profile slenderer and each forming more prominent dorso-apical process with acute apex; the pseudepiphallic paramere in profile more elongated; the shape of its ectophallic fold at posterior end; the spermatophore more elongated (instead of rounded); and the shape of the endophallic sclerite.</p><p>......continued on the next page</p><p>......continued on the next page</p><p>It is also similar to Varitrella (Cantotrella) robusta Gorochov, 2014 from Sulawesi and Luzon by the shape of the male genitalia; but differs by the dorso-anterior pseudepiphallic spine in profile slenderer; the latero-apical lobular parts of pseudepiphallus in profile slenderer and each forming a more prominent dorso-apical process; the pseudepiphallic paramere in profile more elongated, slenderer and more broadly curved (instead of bent at distal end).</p><p>Etymology. The species is named after its type locality, Sulu Island; noun in apposition.</p><p>Description. Habitus medium sized, generally brown to dark brown (Figs 1A, 1B). Head in dorsal view slightly broader than long; finely pubescent and textured brown (Fig. 2A). Fastigium in dorsal view with apex truncated, about as wide as scapes (Fig. 2A); in profile flattened (Fig. 2B). Compound eyes in dorsal and lateral views rounded to slightly triangular and slightly protruding anteriorly (Figs 2A, 2B). Median ocellus small and oval (Figs 2A, 2C); lateral ocelli oval and similarly sized as median ocellus, in anterior view located posterior of scapes (Fig. 2A). Antennae brown with rings of different shades of darker and lighter (Figs 2A–C). Maxillary palpi pubescent, with apical segment longest, somewhat pyriform with truncated apex; subapical segment cylindrical, apically expanded; third segment slender, cylindrical, slightly longer than subapical segment (Fig. 2B). Gena light brown, posterior of eye in profile view brown with tint of dark patterns (Fig. 2B). Face in anterior view cream coloured between antennal sockets, with dark spots internally and ventrad of antennal sockets; frons pale brown; mouthparts mostly yellow or pale brown (Fig. 2C). Pronotal disk brown densely pubescent, 1.4 times as wide as long, subrectangular to slightly trapezoidal with lateral margins faintly widening posteriorly, with diffuse dark-brown mottling (Fig. 2A). Pronotal disk with anterior margin faintly concave and with darker maculation; posterior margin faintly angularly convex with fewer contrasting-coloured spots; anterior and posterior margins with longer and stronger setae (Fig. 2A). Pronotal lateral lobe 1.7 times longer than tall, also densely pubescent; ventral margin straight, without dense pubescence (Fig. 2B). Legs generally brown coloured with scattered small dark-brown spots; genicular region distinctly darkened; TIII pale brown with numerous small dark-brown spots; spurs generally pale coloured with dark tips (Figs 1A, 1B). Thoracic and abdominal tergites and sternites generally cream coloured with faintly-dark spots (Figs 1A, 1B).</p><p>Male. FW covering abdomen and barely surpassing apex of FIII (Figs 1A, 1B). Dorsal field mostly parallel in anterior half, posterior third tapering toward narrowly subacute apex (Fig. 2D). Colouration: generally brown with white spots and veins and some faint dark spots. Dorsal field at basal area with cross-veins cream coloured; chords with proximal part faintly darker; chord area with pale dark spot; plectral area with white spot; and between disto-lateral edge of mirror and stock of M and Cu with white oblong spot; M and region (including cross veins) with Cu and R cream coloured (Fig. 2D). Lateral field pale brown with region between R and Sc dark; with Sc branches (including cross veins) at base cream coloured, between branches with black spots of different sizes and shapes (Fig. 2E). Venation: 1A straight, bent at 90°; diagonal faintly bent, with 6 oblique veins in harp area, longest ones faintly sinuous, shorter ones rounded; mirror 1.5 times as long as wide, dividing vein typical of subgenus, apical area 1.8 times as long as mirror length (Fig. 2D). Lateral field with around 16 branches on Sc, mostly parallel (Fig. 2E). Hind wings clearly surpassing FWs (Figs. 1A).</p><p>Metanotal gland underdeveloped (Fig. 2F). Anal plate typical of subgenus; basal half with two oval pale faint depression at middle, apical half narrowed and dark (Fig. 2G). Subgenital plate with lateral margin tapering into subacute apex.</p><p>Male genitalia as shown in Fig. 3: Pseudepiphallus fairly slender, in profile view long and not broad with dorsal margin mostly straight at basal half and slightly concave in distal half. Pseudepiphallus with dorso-anterior pseudepiphallic spine slender, acute; in profile view pointing dorsad; in dorsal view close together. Pseudepiphallus with posterior end produced into two latero-apical lobular parts, pointing posteriorly and barely diverging; between lobules shallowly and widely emarginated, in profile with posterior part curved dorsad into dorso-apical process. Apical process large and distinct, apex acute pointing dorsad. Pseudepiphallic paramere elongated, acute, mostly straight to broadly curved. Ectophallic fold shaft-like, slender, with lateral margins somewhat parallel throughout length; at posterior end expanded, produced into two faintly produced lobules; in dorsal view with apical emargination very shallow wider between lateral lobes and truncated. Endophallic sclerite elongated, typical of genus; with lateral arms stout and narrowly spaced apart. Rami medium, slightly shorter than length of pseudepiphallus. Spermatophore elongated oval.</p><p>Measurements. See Table 2.</p><p>Type locality. PHILIPPINES, Sulu Archipelago, Sulu Island.</p><p>Distribution. Known only from the type locality.</p><p>Calling song. The calling song consists of a well-defined echeme-sequence made up of 3 to 7 echemes. The echeme-sequence has an average duration of 0.93± 0.20 s (0.63– 1.33 s). Each echeme consists of two closely-spaced syllables and has an average duration of 0.07± 0.0 s (0.07– 0.08 s). The silent interval between consecutive echemes is 0.14± 0.03 s (0.11– 0.21 s). Each syllable has an average duration of 22.5±1.9 ms (18.5–26.0 ms) and the interval between consecutive syllables is 30.6±2.6 ms (25.5–35.3 ms). The frequency spectrum is pure-tonal and forms a harmonic series, with the dominant frequency being the fundamental frequency of 6.95±0.06 kHz (6.82–7.01 kHz).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CD4D4925245D6CFF48FCF1FF00FE5E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Haibil, Helen H.;Nuñeza, Olga Macas;Damit, Dayang Fazrinah Binti Awg;Japir, Razy;Chung, Arthur Y. C.;Tan, Ming Kai	Haibil, Helen H., Nuñeza, Olga Macas, Damit, Dayang Fazrinah Binti Awg, Japir, Razy, Chung, Arthur Y. C., Tan, Ming Kai (2026): New species and bioacoustics of Varitrella (Cantotrella) (Oecanthidae: Podoscirtinae) from Sulu Archipelago and Borneo’s Sabah. Zootaxa 5821 (1): 61-77, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5821.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5821.1.4
03CD4D49252D5D69FF48F986FD26FDCE.text	03CD4D49252D5D69FF48F986FD26FDCE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Varitrella (Cantotrella) alternata Haibil, Nuneza & Tan 2026	<div><p>Varitrella (Cantotrella) alternata Haibil, Nuñeza &amp; Tan, sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 1C, 1D, 6, 7)</p><p>Material examined. Holotype: PHILIPPINES • 1♂; Sulu Archipelago, Sulu Island, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=120.98827&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.976972" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 120.98827/lat 5.976972)">Barangay Bunut</a>; 5°58’37.1”N 120°59’17.8”E, 128 m.a.s.l.; 18 November 2025, 18h18; on leaf of shrubs; coll. H.H. Haibil et al.; 35 #173 (PNM).</p><p>Diagnosis. This new species is characterised by its dorso-anterior pseudepiphallic spine fairly robust and in dorsal view spaced apart and pointing slightly externally; the posterior end of its pseudepiphallus deeply emarginated between latero-apical lobular parts, with the base of this emargination rounded; in profile the posterior part curved dorsad into small dorso-apical spinule; its pseudepiphallic parameres elongated, acute, slightly bent at the apical end; the ectophallic fold at its posterior end produced into two elongated, tongue-like lobules; and its spermatophore almost pyriform.</p><p>This new species is most similar to Varitrella (Cantotrella) robusta Gorochov, 2014 from Sulawesi and Luzon and Varitrella (Cantotrella) variabilis Gorochov, 2006 from Palawan Island by the shape of the genitalia, including the shapes of dorso-anterior pseudepiphallic spines and latero-apical lobular parts of pseudepiphallus; but differs by the pseudepiphallic paramere in profile more elongated and slenderer, and the ectophallic fold at posterior end produced into two elongated tongue-shaped lateral apical lobules (instead of truncated).</p><p>It also shares with Varitrella (Cantotrella) fuscoirrorata (Chopard, 1925) from the Philippines and Varitrella (Cantotrella) quadrata (Haan, 1844) from Borneo by the ectophallic fold at posterior end produced into two elongated, tongue-like lobules; but differs from both species in the shape and presence of dorso-anterior pseudepiphallic spine, respectively.</p><p>This new species differs from sympatric species Varitrella (Cantotrella) sulu Haibil, Nuñeza &amp; Tan, sp. nov. by its pseudepiphallus more robust, in profile broader, a larger dorso-anterior pseudepiphallic spines, its relative distance between each other and with the latero-apical lobular parts of its pseudepiphallus, posterior part curved dorsad into dorso-apical spinule (instead of a large process), shorter rami, as well as the shapes of ectophallic fold and endophallic sclerite.</p><p>Etymology. The species name refers to a surprisingly second species found in Sulu Island in sympatry with V. (C.) sulu sp. nov.; alternata derives from alter = the other, in Latin.</p><p>Description. General habitus very similar to Varitrella (Cantotrella) sulu sp. nov. (Figs 1C, 1D, 6A–C). Pronotal disk 1.3 times as wide as long; pronotal lateral lobe 1.8 times longer than tall.</p><p>Male. FW. Colouration: more unicolourous with fewer white patterns and fewer faint dark spots. Dorsal field at basal area with cream colouration less prominent; proximal part of region of chords faintly darker but less extensive; chord area with smaller pale dark spot; plectral area with white spot but smaller; and between disto-lateral edge of mirror and stock of M and Cu with white spot; M and region (including cross veins) with Cu and R cream coloured (Fig. 6D). Lateral field pale brown with region between R and Sc dark; with Sc branches (including cross veins) at base cream coloured, between branches with fewer and less prominent black (Fig. 6D). Venation: 1A straight, bent at 90°; diagonal faintly bent, with 5 oblique veins in harp area, longest ones faintly sinuous, shorter ones rounded; mirror 1.5 times as long as wide, dividing vein typical of subgenus, apical area 1.6 times as long as mirror length (Fig. 6D). Lateral field with around 16 branches on Sc, mostly parallel (Fig. 6E).</p><p>Male genitalia as shown in Fig. 7: Pseudepiphallus stout, in profile view robust, tall and broad; with dorsal margin faintly sinuous. Pseudepiphallus with dorso-anterior pseudepiphallic spine fairly robust, apex acute; in profile view pointing dorsad; in dorsal view spaced apart and pointing slightly externally. Pseudepiphallus with posterior end produced into two latero-apical lobular parts, pointing posteriorly and not diverging; between lobules deeply emarginated, base of emargination rounded; in profile with posterior part curved dorsad into dorso-apical spinule. Apical spinule small, apex acute pointing dorsad. Pseudepiphallic paramere elongated, acute, slightly bent at apical end. Ectophallic fold shaft-like, slender, with lateral margins somewhat parallel throughout length; at posterior end expanded, produced into two elongated, tongue-like lobules; in dorsal view with apical emargination very shallow wider between lateral lobes and faintly concave. Endophallic sclerite elongated, typical of genus; with lateral arms stout and broadly diverging. Rami short, about half the length of pseudepiphallus. Spermatophore almost pyriform.</p><p>Measurements. See Table 2.</p><p>Type locality. PHILIPPINES, Sulu Archipelago, Sulu Island .</p><p>Distribution. Known only from the type locality.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CD4D49252D5D69FF48F986FD26FDCE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Haibil, Helen H.;Nuñeza, Olga Macas;Damit, Dayang Fazrinah Binti Awg;Japir, Razy;Chung, Arthur Y. C.;Tan, Ming Kai	Haibil, Helen H., Nuñeza, Olga Macas, Damit, Dayang Fazrinah Binti Awg, Japir, Razy, Chung, Arthur Y. C., Tan, Ming Kai (2026): New species and bioacoustics of Varitrella (Cantotrella) (Oecanthidae: Podoscirtinae) from Sulu Archipelago and Borneo’s Sabah. Zootaxa 5821 (1): 61-77, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5821.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5821.1.4
03CD4D4925285D68FF48FDC7FAADFE96.text	03CD4D4925285D68FF48FDC7FAADFE96.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Varitrella (Cantotrella) trusmadi Gorochov 2014	<div><p>Varitrella (Cantotrella) trusmadi Gorochov, 2014</p><p>(Figs 8, 9)</p><p>Varitrella (Cantotrella) trusmadi Gorochov, 2014 in Gorochov &amp; Tan, 2014: 540.</p><p>Material examined. EAST MALAYSIA • 1♂; Sabah State, Mount Trus Madi, Trusmadi Entomology Camp; N5.44373 E116.45203, 1191.0 ± 7.5 m.a.s.l.; 1 November 2023, 20h25; attracted to light trap near camp; coll. M.K. Tan; SBH.23.88 (ZRC).</p><p>Remarks. A male was recently collected. The calling song was recorded and describe here.</p><p>Type locality. EAST MALAYSIA: Sabah State: Mount Trus Madi .</p><p>Distribution. Known only from the type locality in Borneo.</p><p>Calling song. The calling song consists of a well-defined echeme-sequence made up of 6 to 11 echemes. The echeme-sequence has an average duration of 2.51± 0.42 s (1.87– 3.26 s). Each echeme consists of two closely-spaced syllables and has an average duration of 0.13± 0.0 s (0.12– 0.14 s). The silent interval between consecutive echemes is 0.25± 0.06 s (0.18– 0.37 s). Each syllable has an average duration of 38.7±2.1 ms (35.7–42.2 ms) and the interval between consecutive syllables is 52.7±2.0 ms (49.1–55.2 ms). The frequency spectrum is pure-tonal and forms a harmonic series, with the dominant frequency being the fundamental frequency of 5.53 kHz.</p><p>The calling song is similar to V. (C.) tabin from eastern Sabah in the call structure but differs by the echeme-sequence made up of more variable numbers of echemes.The two species have similar echeme and syllable durations; but V. (C.) tabin has a longer interval between consecutive syllables.</p><p>The calling song is also similar to V. (C.) sulu sp. nov. in the call structure and duration parameters, but differs generally by distinctively more echemes, as well as longer durations and intervals of the echemes and syllables.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CD4D4925285D68FF48FDC7FAADFE96	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Haibil, Helen H.;Nuñeza, Olga Macas;Damit, Dayang Fazrinah Binti Awg;Japir, Razy;Chung, Arthur Y. C.;Tan, Ming Kai	Haibil, Helen H., Nuñeza, Olga Macas, Damit, Dayang Fazrinah Binti Awg, Japir, Razy, Chung, Arthur Y. C., Tan, Ming Kai (2026): New species and bioacoustics of Varitrella (Cantotrella) (Oecanthidae: Podoscirtinae) from Sulu Archipelago and Borneo’s Sabah. Zootaxa 5821 (1): 61-77, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5821.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5821.1.4
