identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03CC041DFFEFFFEC66CAF1E22F87DEAE.text	03CC041DFFEFFFEC66CAF1E22F87DEAE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Menestheus Stal 1868	<div><p>Menestheus Stål, 1868</p><p>Menestheus Stål, 1868: 504 (original description). Type species: Menestheus cuneatus Distant, 1899, by present fixation (see comments below).</p><p>Menestheus: Stål (1876): 51 (keyed); Lethierry &amp; Severin (1893): 109 (catalog); Kirkaldy (1909): 181 (catalog); Distant (1910): 469 (redescription); Gross (1975): 177 (redescription); Cassis &amp; Gross (2001): 450 (catalog).</p><p>Redescription. General body features: Elongate body (2.50 to 3.10 times longer than wide, Figs 1, 2), dorsal coloration yellowish-cream, dorsal and ventral surface finely and densely punctate.</p><p>Head: Elongate, acute (1.3 to 1.4 times longer than wide, Figs 3, 4), longer than pronotum, paraclypei considerably longer than clypeus, contiguous anteriorly; eyes prominent, antenniferous tubercles short, each with a small, acute tooth; antennae 5-segmented; bucculae straight ventrally, rounded posteriorly; rostrum 4-segmented, first segment extending beyond bucculae, reaching prosternum, apex of rostrum reaching base of abdomen.</p><p>Thorax: Pronotum trapezoid (Figs 3, 4), humeral angles rounded, anterolateral margins with a small rounded projection; scutellum shaped as isosceles triangular, with 4 foveae along base, apical portion narrow, apex rounded. Hemelytra elongate, membrane with several longitudinal veins. Thoracic sterna distinctly sulcate without median keel, prosternal sulcus bordered on each side by a strongly elevated ridge which forms an obtuse flap anteriorly near base of head. Ostiolar peritreme short, auriculate (Fig. 9); evaporatoria rugose, occupying mesial two-thirds of each metapleuron and apical portion of each mesopleuron, ostiolar plate strongly punctate. Legs without spines, superior surface of each tibiae sulcate, tarsi 3-segmented.</p><p>Abdomen: Connexival margin straight, each segment unicolored; base of abdomen lacking tubercle or spine; segments IV, V, and VI each with a pair of black or brown dots. Genitalia: Male pygophore ventrally with a truncate excavation (Figs 5, 6), dorsally with two triangular processes on each side (Figs 7, 8), parameres with basal and proximal lobe, basal lobe with small teeth on upper surface (Figs 14, 15). Female spermatheca with a long sclerotized rod, apex bent interiorly, dilation of spermathecal duct ovate, narrow, restricted to a small membranous area around the sclerotized rod (Fig. 12), spermathecal bulb with two digitiform processes on each side (Fig. 13), proximal flange of spermathecal pump round with a conic dilation anteriorly, distal flange of pump circular, subconic posteriorly. Genital plates with first gonocoxae truncate, second gonocoxae trapezoid, paratergites fused as single structure, bilobed, paratergites IX subtriangular (Figs 10, 11).</p><p>Comments. Menestheus was originally described based on a misidentified species by Stål (1868) (i.e. Paramenestheus nercivus sensu Stål, 1868) (Bergroth, 1912). That species, Paramenestheus nervicus Dallas, 1851, is currently correctly placed in the genus Paramenestheus (Faúndez, 2017) . Bergroth (1912) wrote that Stål probably examined a specimen of M. cuneatus or another closely related species, and the current identity of the genus is associated with the concept of M. cuneatus . Therefore, we here establish Paramenestheus nercivus non Dallas, 1851 sensu Stål, 1868 = Menestheus cuneatus Distant, 1899 as type species of Menestheus Stal, 1868 by application of Article 70.3.2 of the ICZN (1999).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CC041DFFEFFFEC66CAF1E22F87DEAE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Faúndez, Eduardo I.;Rider, David A.	Faúndez, Eduardo I., Rider, David A. (2018): Review of the genus Menestheus Stål, 1868 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae). Zootaxa 4407 (2): 275-280, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4407.2.8
03CC041DFFEDFFEC66CAF0782F50DDDB.text	03CC041DFFEDFFEC66CAF0782F50DDDB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Menestheus cuneatus Distant 1899	<div><p>Menestheus cuneatus Distant, 1899</p><p>Menestheus cuneatus Distant, 1899: 431 (original description).</p><p>Menestheus cuneatus: Bergroth (1908): 157 (catalog); Kirkaldy (1909): 181 (catalog); Distant (1910): 469 (redescription); Gross (1975): 177 (redescription); Cassis &amp; Gross (2001): 451 (catalog, distribution).</p><p>Type material. ST(S) (♀), Australia, Peak Downs, BMNH.</p><p>Material examined. Australia, QLD, Millestone, 24-XII-1964, leg. G. Monteith, 2♀♀, 2♂♂ ; Australia, N. QLD. Kowanyama, 7-I-1977, leg. D. L. Hancock, 1 ♀ [QUMC] Australia, Bogom, 1♀ [QUMC] ; Australia, QLD, Bowen, leg. A. Simson, 1♂ [SAMC] ; Australia, rest illegible, 1♂ [SAMC] .</p><p>Diagnosis. Body with dark punctures, contrasting with general coloration, body shape elongate, ovate (2.53 times longer than wide) (Fig. 2). Head wide, elongate (1.33 times longer than wide) (Fig. 4). Basal foveae of scutellum large, well developed. Spiracles black. Emargination of male pygophore wide (Fig. 8), male parameres, each with apical lobe elongate, sharp (Fig. 15). Female paratergites VIII and IX small, elongate (Fig. 11).</p><p>Distribution. Australia: Queensland (Gross, 1975; Cassis &amp; Gross, 2002; this contribution), Victoria (Gross, 1975). Records given by Cassis &amp; Gross (2002) for M. cuneatus from Daly and McArthur rivers and Mornington Island probably belong to M. mcphersoni .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CC041DFFEDFFEC66CAF0782F50DDDB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Faúndez, Eduardo I.;Rider, David A.	Faúndez, Eduardo I., Rider, David A. (2018): Review of the genus Menestheus Stål, 1868 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae). Zootaxa 4407 (2): 275-280, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4407.2.8
03CC041DFFEDFFEB66CAF2DE2EF0D9C2.text	03CC041DFFEDFFEB66CAF2DE2EF0D9C2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Menestheus mcphersoni Faúndez & Rider 2018	<div><p>Menestheus mcphersoni sp. nov.</p><p>Type material. Holotype: Australia, NT, Leila Lagoon, McArthur R. 4km N., 25-IX-1977, leg. G. F. Gross, 1♂ [SAMC] . Paratypes: Same data as holotype 1♂, 1♀ [SAMC]; Australia, NT, Daly River, leg. H. Wesselman, 2♀♀, 1♂ [SAMC] ; Australia, Stewart R. Q., leg. W. D. Dood, 1♀ [SAMC] ; Australia, Qld, Normanton, 4-V-1963, at light, leg. N. B. Tindale, 1♀ [SAMC] ; Australia, NT, Cape Crawford, 17 to 19-IV-2004, at MV light, woodid, grass, legs. G. Montheith &amp; D. Cook, 1♀ [QUMC] ; Australia, Cloncurry (3km East), 3-II-1999, leg. A. Ewart, 1♀ [QUMC] ; Australia, Mornington, 12-V-1963, at light, legs. P. Aitken &amp; N. Tindale, 1♂ [SAMC].</p><p>Description. Head: Elongate (1.44 times longer than wide), dull cream colored with dense concolorous punctures. Eyes small, prominent (Fig. 3). Ocelli small, rounded, located at base of head, behind compound eyes, but not contiguous with pronotum. Paraclypei strongly elongate, strongly acuminate apically (Fig. 3), lateral margins straight. Antennae yellowish, first antennal segment shorter than head and bucculae. Rostrum elongate, yellowish, apex broad, truncate, black, reaching but not surpassing first abdominal segment.</p><p>Thorax: Pronotum trapezoid, dull cream colored with dense concolorous punctation, anterior margin strongly concave, cicatrices with several brown dots in mesial angles. Scutellum in shape of isosceles triangle (Fig. 1), scutellar disc elevated, with a weak medial impunctate line, nearly imperceptible in some specimens, basal margin with 4 small, brown foveae. Hemelytra long, usually surpassing apex of abdomen, coria and clavi dull cream colored, covered by dense concolorous punctation, membrane hyaline with numerous longitudinal veins. Thoracic sterna yellowish with a band of distinct light brown punctures along lateral margins. Metapleura and legs as in generic description.</p><p>Abdomen: Elongate, dull cream colored dorsally and ventrally; spiracular peritremes light brown. Male genitalia: Pygophore as in generic description, ventral excavation nearly rectangular, dorsal rim well developed as a bilobed structure, also visible from ventral view, parameres rod shaped, each with basal lobe longer than distal lobe, with two well defined tooth on dorsal surface, distal lobe acute apically with a rounded apex (Fig. 15). Female genitalia (Figs 10, 12, 13): Spermatheca as in generic description, first gonocoxite subtrapezoid, posterior margin slightly concave, second gonocoxite slightly longer than wide, Paratergites VIII fused as a single structure, posterolateral edges slightly convex, posterior edge straight, paratergite IX drop shaped, wider than long.</p><p>Measurements (n=12, in mm, female in parentheses): Total length: 14.01 (14.93); pronotum width: 4.58 (4.86); head length: 4.04 (4.17); head width: 2.84 (2.91); scutellum length: 2.86 (2.95); scutellum width: 1.27 (1.61).</p><p>Differential diagnosis. Menestheus mcphersoni sp. nov. differs from M. cuneatus in the following characters: in M. mcphersoni, the body is more elongate, 3.07 times longer than wide; whereas in M. cuneatus the body is less elongate, 2.53 times longer than wide (Figs 1 and 2). The dorsal punctation and the scutellar foveae are reduced and nearly concolorous in M. mcphersoni; whereas these are larger and more conspicuously dark brown in M. cuneatus . The abdominal spiracles are brown in M. mcphersoni; whereas they are black in M. cuneatus . The shape of the head is more acute and elongate (1.44 times longer than wide), with reduced eyes in M. mcphersoni; whereas the head is less acute and elongate (1.33 times longer than wide) with eyes less reduced in M. cuneatus (Figs 3 and 4). In the female genitalia, paratergites VIII are less convex in M. mcphersoni than in M. cuneatus; paratergites IX are wider in M. mcphersoni than in M. cuneatus; and the first gonocoxae are broader in M. mcphersoni than in M. cuneatus . In the male genitalia, the concave section of the apex of the pygophore is wider in M. mcphersoni than in M. cuneatus; the lateroposterior processes and the dorsal rim are more developed in M. mcphersoni than in M. cuneatus; and the parameres of M. mcphersoni are wider in lateral view, with more developed teeth; those of M. cuneatus are more slender in lateral view, with less developed teeth (Figs 14 and 15). Additionally, M. mcphersoni is distributed in the north and western portions of Australia; whereas M. cuneatus is restricted to the eastern part of the country (Fig. 16).</p><p>Etymology. We dedicate this species to J. E. McPherson (Southern Illinois University), in recognition to his contributions to the knowledge of the Pentatomidae, and to acknowledge his comments and suggestions on a previous version of this work.</p><p>Distribution. Australia: Northern Territory, Queensland (this paper).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CC041DFFEDFFEB66CAF2DE2EF0D9C2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Faúndez, Eduardo I.;Rider, David A.	Faúndez, Eduardo I., Rider, David A. (2018): Review of the genus Menestheus Stål, 1868 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae). Zootaxa 4407 (2): 275-280, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4407.2.8
