identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03CF873AFFA9FFD3FF37FB25FC2EFE28.text	03CF873AFFA9FFD3FF37FB25FC2EFE28.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paracloeodes carassa Santos, Amaral and Salles 2026	<div><p>Paracloeodes carassa Santos, Amaral and Salles, sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: A477815B-5B99-49FC-9E10-40A13BFFEF32</p><p>(Figs. 3–5)</p><p>Type material. BRAZIL, Minas Gerais, Catas Altas, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-43.482224&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-20.104168" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -43.482224/lat -20.104168)">PNHR Santuário do Caraça</a>: HOLOTYPE, 1 nymph (on slide), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-43.482224&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-20.104168" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -43.482224/lat -20.104168)">Ponte de Pedras</a>, 1250 m alt., 20°6'15"S; 43°28'56"W, 30.viii.2024, Salles, F.F., Viana, A.D.L., Amaral, I.F. cols. (UFVB:EP03363) ; PARATYPES: 2 nymphs (on slide) and 28 nymphs, same location and data as holotype, (UFVB: EP03363, UFVB:EP03310); 78 nymphs, same location as holotype, 19.xii.2024, Salles, F.F., Cifuentes-Vargas, E.T., Amaral, I.F. &amp; Santos, I.P. cols. (UFVB:EP03793, UFVB:EP03794, UFVB:EP03802); 1 nymph exuvia (on slide), afluente do <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-43.482502&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-20.102777" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -43.482502/lat -20.102777)">Ribeirão Caraça</a>, ponte na trilha, 1260 m alt., 20°6'10"S; 43°28'57"W, 02.ix.2024, Salles, F.F., Viana, A.D.L., Amaral, I.F. cols. (UFVB:EP03249) .</p><p>Diagnosis. Nymph: 1) Labrum with deep distomedial emargination; 2) glossa subequal to paraglossa, both rounded at the apex (Figs. 4F–G); 3) maxillary palp long, 1.7× the length of galea-lacinia; 4) incisors not fused on right mandible (Fig. 4C); 5) hindwing pads present (Fig. 3B); 6) anterior surface of foretarsus with stout setae (Fig. 5A); 7) tarsal claw elongated, 0.5× length of tarsus (Figs. 3B–D and Fig. 5A); 8) paraproct with 24–28 marginal spines (Fig. 5E).</p><p>Nymph. Length (mm). Body: 5.0; cerci: 2.6–2.9; terminal filament: 2.7; antenna: 1.3–2.2.</p><p>Coloration (Fig. 3). General coloration cream; thorax with brown markings, no distinct pattern; distal portion of tarsus brownish-yellow; abdomen with brown spots and small paired dark brown circular spots medially on tergum II–IX that become lighter distally. Head. Frontal keel paired. Labrum (Fig. 4A). Rectangular, broader than longer, length 1.2–1.4× width, with deep distomedial emargination; dorsally with long, thin and simple setae scattered over surface; pair of subapical elongate setae near middle; dorsolateral arc composed of 2 elongate setae; ventrally with submarginal row of setae composed of bifid setae; distal margin with pectinate setae; ventral surface with 5 spine-like setae near lateral margin; 2–5 stout, spine-like setae on lateral margin. Left mandible (Fig. 4B). Incisors partially fused; inner and outer set of incisors respectively with 5+3 denticles; inner margin of outer incisors crenulated; prostheca robust, apically denticulate and with five small digitiform projections; angle between prostheca and mola straight; subtriangular process narrow; tuft of setae present at apex of mola. Right mandible (Fig. 4C). Incisors not fused; inner and outer set of incisors respectively with 4+3 denticles; dorsal surface of inner incisor with a row of simple, fine, long setae close to the medial margin; prostheca slender, bifurcated at middle, inner lobe longer than outer, both pectinated; angle between prostheca and molar straight; margin between prostheca and mola with tuft of setae; apex of mola with 1 simple seta. Hypopharynx (Fig. 4D). Lingua shorter than superlingua, apex rounded with medial tuft of setae poorly developed. Superlinguae with short, fine, simple setae scattered over distal margin; lateral margin with short spine-like setae. Maxilla (Fig. 4E). Inner margin medially with 2 stout pectinated setae and 4 small, simple setae; maxillary palp long (1.7× the length of galea-lacinia); palp segment II 1.3× length of segment I. Labium (Fig. 4F–G). Glossa subequal in length to paraglossa, apex rounded; ventral surface scattered with long and thin setae; inner margin with 12–16 setae increasing in length apically; outer margin with 6; apex with tuft of long setae dorsally. Paraglossa with rounded apex; inner margin with one row of 8–9 setae; outer margin with one row of long setae ventrally; dorsal surface scattered with numerous, long, simple setae. Labial palp with segment I subequal to segments II and III combined; segment I with thin and simple setae on outer margin and micropores over all surfaces. Segment II with distomedial projection robust, 2.1× width of base of segment III; inner margin with simple, long, thin setae; outer margin with simple, thin setae; dorsally covered with simple setae. Segment III conical, length 0.9× width; inner margin with one row of robust setae ventrally and dorsally, covered with long, thin setae. Thorax (Fig. 3A–B). Hindwing pad present. Foreleg (Fig. 3B and Fig. 5A). Ratio of foreleg 1.9:(0.45 mm):1.3:0.7. Forefemur with length about 3.6× maximum width; dorsal margin with a row of robust, spine-like setae with length about 0.2× maximum width of femur; ventral margin with a row of robust, spine-like setae, and robust pectinate setae; thin and simple setae scattered over surface; anterior surface with a row of robust, spine-like setae near dorsal margin and robust, spine-like, pectinate setae scattered near ventral margin; posterior surface with a row of robust, spine-like setae near dorsal margin and robust, spine-like, pectinate setae scattered near ventral margin. Foretibia dorsal margin with robust spine-like setae; ventral margin with row of robust, spine-like setae; anterior surface with robust, spine-like, pectinate setae scattered over surface. Foretarsus dorsal margin bare; ventral margin with 21–25 robust, spine-like, pectinate setae; anterior surface with 4–9 robust setae. Tarsal claw elongated, 0.5× length of tarsus; two rows of spines on the proximal third, gradually decreasing in size. Mid and hind legs similar to foreleg. Abdomen (Fig. 3A–B). Gills hyaline, margin with narrow spines intercalating short and thin setae (Fig. 5B–C); tracheae pigmented. Gill I reaching middle of segment III. Gill IV reaching middle of segment VII. Gill VII as long as length of segment VIII and XI and half of X combined. Terga (Fig. 5D) with triangular and regular spines on posterior margin, surface with micropores. Sterna with pointed spines on the posterior margin. Paraproct (Fig. 5E) with 24–28 marginal spines; surface with micropores and short, thin and simple setae. Terminal filament with short spines on each segment; tufts of setae present on both lateral margins, increasing in density towards the apex; cerci with short spines on each segment, with tufts of setae on medial margin, increasing in density towards the apex.</p><p>Etymology. The specific name refers to Serra do Caraça, the type locality of the species. The name Caraça was given in reference to a rock formation in the mountain range that resembles the profile of a human face, derived from the Latin expression for ‘cara grande’, big face.</p><p>Remarks. In the key proposed by Cruz et al. (2018), P. carassa sp. nov. keys out to P. carolinae and P. poranga (Salles &amp; Lugo-Ortiz, 2003) . Paracloeodes carassa sp. nov. can be distinguished from P. carolinae by the relative size of the distomedial projection of the segment II of the labial palp (2.1× in P. carassa and 1.6× in P. carolinae) and the right mandible incisors (not fused in P. carassa and fused in P. carolinae). The nymphs of P. carassa resemble those of P. poranga as they share features such as gill I reaching the middle of segment III, a 1.3× ratio between maxillary palp segments II and I, and similar general coloration (specially in immature nymphs). However, they can be distinguished from each other by the relative length of the maxillary palp to the galea-lacinia (1.7× in P. carassa and 2.0× in P. poranga), the presence of stout setae on the foretarsus of the new species (absent in P. poranga), and differences in the abdominal coloration of mature nymphs ( P. carassa with brown spots and small paired dark brown circular spots medially on terga II–IX that faint distally; P. poranga brown spots generally wider posteriorly and narrowing anteriorly, with small circular dark brown spots on terga IV–IX).</p><p>The nymphs were collected in two streams, 2–6 m wide, with sandy and rocky substrates and low water current. Both streams were well-shaded by the characteristic vegetation of the region.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CF873AFFA9FFD3FF37FB25FC2EFE28	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Santos, Iâmara P.;Amaral, Igor F.;Salles, Frederico F.	Santos, Iâmara P., Amaral, Igor F., Salles, Frederico F. (2026): New contributions to Paracloeodes Day, 1955 (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae): description of a new species and of the adult stage of Paracloeodes carolinae Cruz, Salles & Hamada, 2018. Zootaxa 5748 (3): 409-418, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5748.3.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5748.3.6
03CF873AFFADFFDDFF37FDBDFC3CF830.text	03CF873AFFADFFDDFF37FDBDFC3CF830.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paracloeodes carolinae Cruz, Salles & Hamada 2018	<div><p>Paracloeodes carolinae Cruz, Salles &amp; Hamada, 2018</p><p>(Figs. 6–7)</p><p>Material examined. BRAZIL, Minas Gerais, Catas Altas, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-43.482224&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-20.104168" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -43.482224/lat -20.104168)">PNHR Santuário do Caraça</a>: 261 nymphs, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-43.482224&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-20.104168" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -43.482224/lat -20.104168)">Ribeirão Caraça</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-43.482224&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-20.104168" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -43.482224/lat -20.104168)">Ponte de Pedras</a>, 1250 m alt., 20°6'15"S; 43°28'56"W, 30.viii.2024, Salles, F.F., Viana, A.D.L. &amp; Amaral, I.F. cols. (UFVB:EP03797, UFVB:EP03365, UFVB:EP03357, UFVB:EP03317, UFVB:EP03315, UFVB:EP03294, UFVB:EP03226); 13 adults, same data as previous (UFVB:EP03334, UFVB:EP03274, UFVB:EP03798) . 62 nymphs, sama data as previous, except 19.xii.2024, Salles, F.F., Cifuentes-Vargas, E.T., Amaral, I.F. &amp; Santos, I.P. cols. (UFVB:EP03805, UFVB:EP03801, UFVB:EP03791, UFVB:EP03338) . 28 nymphs, Bocaina, 1290 m alt., 20°7'25"S; 43°27'55"W, 02.ix.2024, Salles, F.F., Viana, A.D.L. &amp; Amaral, I.F. cols. (UFVB:EP03237, UFVB: EP03333); 1 male adult, same data as previous (UFVB:EP03371) . 7 nymphs, afluente do <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-43.5&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-20.094168" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -43.5/lat -20.094168)">Ribeirão Caraça</a>, Cascudo, 1290 m alt., 20°5'39"S; 43°30'0"W, 01.ix.2024, Salles, F.F., Viana, A.D.L &amp; Amaral, I.F. cols. (UFVB:EP03256, UFVB:EP03262, UFVB:EP03279) . 2 imagos, afluente do <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-43.482502&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-20.102777" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -43.482502/lat -20.102777)">Ribeirão Caraça</a>, ponte na trilha, 1260 m alt., 20°6'10"S; 43°28'57"W, 01.ix.2024, Salles, F.F., Viana, A.D.L., &amp; Amaral, I.F. cols. (UFVB:EP03288) . 7 nymphs, Ribeirão Caraça, Cascatona, 1060 m alt., 20°4'14"S; 43°29'20"W, 01.ix.2024, Salles, F.F., Viana, A.D.L., &amp; Amaral, I.F. cols. (UFVB:EP03296) . 5 nymphs, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-43.49139&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-20.114445" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -43.49139/lat -20.114445)">Banho do Belchior</a>, 1270 m alt., 20°6'52"S; 43°29'29"W, 31.viii.2024, Salles, F.F., Viana, A.D.L., &amp; Amaral, I.F. cols. (UFVB:EP03329) ; 10 nymphs, same data, except 19.xii.2024 (UFVB:EP03790, UFVB:EP03804) . 14 nymphs, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-43.505554&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-20.081667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -43.505554/lat -20.081667)">Ribeirão Caraça</a>, Taboões, 1180 m alt., 20°4'54"S; 43°30'20"W, 31.viii.2024, Salles, F.F., Viana, A.D.L., &amp; Amaral, I.F. cols. (UFVB:EP03327, UFVB:EP03364) . 47 nymphs, same data as previous, except 20.xii.2024, Salles, F.F., Cifuentes-Vargas, E.T., Amaral, I.F. &amp; Santos, I.P. cols. (UFVB:EP03796, UFVB: EP03800) .</p><p>Diagnosis. Nymph (from Cruz et al. 2018): 1) Frontal keel paired; 2) distolateral margin of labrum with bifid and pectinate setae (Fig. 8B in Cruz et al. 2018); 3) right mandible incisors partially fused (Fig. 8D in Cruz et al. 2018); 4) distomedial projection of labial palp 1.6× width segment III (Fig. 8G in Cruz et al. 2018); 5) hind wing pads present; 6) anterior surface of forefemur with one row of robust and blunt setae near dorsal margin (Fig. 9A in Cruz et al. 2018); 7) anterior surface of foretibia bare (Fig. 9A in Cruz et al. 2018); 8) anterior surface of foretarsus with few pectinate and stout setae (Fig. 9A in Cruz et al. 2018); 9) ventral margin of foretarsus with one row of pectinate and stout setae (Fig. 9A in Cruz et al. 2018); 10) foretarsal claw 0.5× length of tarsus; 11) cercus with long spines every two segments (Fig. 9E in Cruz et al. 2018). Male imago: 1) Turbinate portion of compound eyes yellow and oval, with inner margins diverging anteriorly (Fig. 5A–B); 2) stigmatic area of forewing with 4–6 veins not reaching subcostal vein (Fig. 5C); 3) hind wing present (Fig. 6C–D); 4) segment I of forceps 0.5× length of segment II; segment III 0.3× length of segment II; 5) posterior margin of subgenital plate concave with pointed spine medially (Fig. 6E–F).</p><p>Male imago. Length (mm). Body 4.2; cercus 6.7–8.0; forewing 4.5; hind wing 0.7–0.8.</p><p>Coloration (Fig. 6A–B). General coloration light brown; head light brown; turbinate portion of compound eyes yellow; thorax with dark brown antelateroparapsidal, lateroparapsidal and medioparapsidal sutures; legs lite cream; abdomen with segment II–VI translucid and segment VII–X lite cream. Head. Dorsal portion of turbinate eyes oval, inner margins divergent anteriorly (Fig. 5A–B); length 1.5× width; stalk height 1.5× height of dorsal portion. Thorax. (Fig. 6A–B) Prothorax with anteronotal protuberance rounded. Metathorax with metascutellar protuberance rounded. Median longitudinal suture brown. Forewing (Fig. 6C) hyaline; veins light brown; stigmatic area of forewing opaque, with 4–6 veins not reaching subcostal vein; marginal intercalary veins paired between RA to MP1, from MP2 onwards the number of marginal intercalary veins decreases, without marginal intercalary veins from AA onwards; length of intercalary vein between MA1 and MA2 0.4–0.5× distance between adjacent longitudinal veins; length of forewing about 1.7× width. Hindwing (Fig. 6C–D) hyaline; with two complete longitudinal veins; costal process quadrangular, posteriorly projected; located on basal third. Abdomen (Fig. 6A–B) tracheation black laterally. Genitalia (Fig. 6E–F) with forceps segment I conical, segment II cylindrical; segment I of forceps 0.6× length of segment II (0.18 mm); segment III 0.4× length of segment II; posterior margin of subgenital plate concave with pointed spine medially.</p><p>Female imago. Length (mm). body: 5.0; cerci: 7.1; forewing: 4.9; hind wing: 0.7. General coloration yellow, except for: medioparapsidal suture and inner margin of posterior scutellar protuberance white; median longitudinal suture brown; and abdominal sterna yellowish-white. (Fig. 7).</p><p>Remarks. The imago of P. carolinae resembles those of P. prismatobranchus in the body and wing length, the concave shape of the posterior margin of the subgenital plate, and the oval shape of the dorsal portion of the compound eyes. They can be distinguished by the shape of the median spine on the posterior margin of the subgenital plate (pointed in P. carolinae and rounded in P. prismatobranchus), the coloration of the turbinate eyes (yellow in P. carolinae and orange in P. prismatobranchus), and the length × width ratio, smaller in P. carolinae, which gives the dorsal portion of the turbinate eyes a more rounded appearance.</p><p>This is the first record of the species since its original description, which was previously restricted to the state of Bahia and to the Caatinga phytogeographical domain. Nymphs of this species are among the most common mayflies at the PNHR Santuário do Caraça. They were collected from streams 2–10 m in width, all with sandy and rocky substrates and shaded by the characteristic riparian vegetation of the region.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03CF873AFFADFFDDFF37FDBDFC3CF830	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Santos, Iâmara P.;Amaral, Igor F.;Salles, Frederico F.	Santos, Iâmara P., Amaral, Igor F., Salles, Frederico F. (2026): New contributions to Paracloeodes Day, 1955 (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae): description of a new species and of the adult stage of Paracloeodes carolinae Cruz, Salles & Hamada, 2018. Zootaxa 5748 (3): 409-418, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5748.3.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5748.3.6
