taxonID	type	description	language	source
03CEB65AFFE7FFC3FF392C51FBAAFD31.taxon	materials_examined	Designation of a neotype for Cerambyx nebulosus: A neotype (male with body length: 7.6 mm, width: 2.3 mm): Sweden, Gotland, Sproge, 1972 - 06 - 19, leg. Bengt Ehnström, was designated from the examined material and deposited in the type collection at UUZM with identity = UUZM Types No. 2823. The neotype is collected relatively near the type locality mentioned by Linnaeus (1745, 1758). The designation of a neotype is made due to loss of the original type of Cerambyx nebulosus Linnaeus, 1758. Thunberg (1787) was unable to separate Cerambyx nebulosus from the new sibling species, and none of the preserved material is supplied with labelling data, or insect pins that could be identified as clearly originating from the Linnean collection. We have therefore designated a more recently collected specimen as the neotype of Cerambyx nebulosus. Synonyms: Cerambyx bifasciatus Goeze, 1777: 464 (nec Linnaeus, 1767 according to Vives, 2000)	en	Wallin, Henrik, Nylander, Ulf, Kvamme, Torstein (2009): Two sibling species of Leiopus Audinet-Serville, 1835 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) from Europe: L. nebulosus (Linnaeus, 1758) and L. linnei sp. nov. Zootaxa 2010: 31-45
03CEB65AFFE7FFC3FF392C51FBAAFD31.taxon	description	Here considered as a trinomen and therefore outside zoological nomenclature.	en	Wallin, Henrik, Nylander, Ulf, Kvamme, Torstein (2009): Two sibling species of Leiopus Audinet-Serville, 1835 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) from Europe: L. nebulosus (Linnaeus, 1758) and L. linnei sp. nov. Zootaxa 2010: 31-45
03CEB65AFFE7FFC3FF392C51FBAAFD31.taxon	discussion	Comments: No type (s) have been recovered of any of the synonyms, and we regard the type material as lost (cf. Horn & Kahle 1935, Horn et al., 1990). Both Goeze (1777) and Gmelin (1790) introduced binominal names by quoting the same description by Lepechin (1775). Cerambyx taeniatus is therefore a junior synonym of Cerambyx bifasciatus. The description of Cerambyx bifasciatus (e. g. antennae twice as long as the body) does not correspond to the original description of L. nebulosus, and the drawing in Lepechin (1775) is not detailed enough to confirm that it belongs to Leiopus. Cerambyx niger was considered to be a synonym by Olivier (1789 – 1808) and Gmelin (1790), and C. monilis was considered to be a synonym by Breuning (1963) and Villiers (1978). However, C. monilis and C. niger are almost 3 times larger (3 ½ lig.) than C. nebulosus (1 ⅔ lig.) in the descriptions by Geoffroy (1762, 1785). The description of Cerambyx fasciatus is based on a drawing (Villers, 1789), which is not detailed enough to confirm that it belongs to Leiopus. There is a detailed and accurate drawing in Voet (1778) that corresponds to L. nebulosus, and not L. sp. nov. However, we have not designated a neotype of Cerambyx parvus tigriformis, since we consider it to be an unavailable name (ICZN). The conclusion is that we do not find any published name to be available for Leiopus sp. nov. New synonyms: Examination of colour photos of type material and the key presented by Villiers (1978), and the dissection of a male specimen (the type of L. nebulosus var. siculus Pic, 1924) indicate that the following are synonyms of L. nebulosus:	en	Wallin, Henrik, Nylander, Ulf, Kvamme, Torstein (2009): Two sibling species of Leiopus Audinet-Serville, 1835 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) from Europe: L. nebulosus (Linnaeus, 1758) and L. linnei sp. nov. Zootaxa 2010: 31-45
03CEB65AFFE7FFC3FF392C51FBAAFD31.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined: L. nebulosus var. siculus Pic (Italy, Sicily, 1 male, Lectotype designated by Biscaccianti 2005, MNHNP).	en	Wallin, Henrik, Nylander, Ulf, Kvamme, Torstein (2009): Two sibling species of Leiopus Audinet-Serville, 1835 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) from Europe: L. nebulosus (Linnaeus, 1758) and L. linnei sp. nov. Zootaxa 2010: 31-45
03CEB65AFFE7FFC3FF392C51FBAAFD31.taxon	description	Redescription: Moderate-sized body, subdepressed, similar in shape to L. linnei sp. nov. (Fig. 1). Body length: 5.2 – 8.8 mm in males, and 5.9 – 9.0 mm in females. Elytra covered with whitish pubescence and irregular blackish spots on entire surface, forming an oblique or irregular blackish band near base and, most often, a distinct blackish, transversal band behind middle (Fig. 1). The whitish area on the middle of elytra, between the anterior and posterior dark bands, often covered with a few small dark spots. Pronotum uniformly greyish with no apparent pattern of yellowish spots medially, narrow, flattened, and tubercles obligue or absent (Fig. 3). Pronotal punctuation evenly scattered and relatively fine. Frons on head narrow (Fig. 5). Posterior margin of last visible abdominal segment (ovipositor) of female with very fine and short pubescence (Fig. 7). Aedeagus (Fig. 9): approx. 1.2 mm long, relatively slender, narrowed and curved towards apex, ventral ridge forming a smoothly rounded apex or at most with an obsolete tip. Dorsal ridge with a rounded apex. Microscopic sclerites inside the internal sac forming a circular head and a “ V-shaped ” structure, and attached to a relatively long straight shaft with a “ T-shaped ” end, corresponding well to drawings in Sama (1985) and Biscaccianti (2005). Parameres (Figs. 11 & 13): approx. 1.7 mm long, rounded dorso-ventrally, slightly separated medially along inner margin and rounded towards apex and often projecting inwards at apex. Apex evenly round along entire posterior margin, with fringes of relatively short, brownish hairs well concentrated at edge of apex, only scattered single hairs medially towards apex. No micro-reticulation on parameres. Base of tegmen, at lower part of lateral lobe, extended and slightly twisted dorso-ventrally on middle. Proctiger (the 8 th tergum; Fig. 15): approx. 0.8 mm long and covered with short, very fine yellowish or brownish hairs distally towards posterior margin, except for a more or less naked area or only with few scattered hairs medially and narrowing towards the posterior margin. Surface shining medially, with no distinct micro-reticulation. Only weak and scattered micro-reticulation laterally. Posterior margin rounded or only slightly elongated. Spermatheca (Fig. 17): yellow to brown, relatively long and slender, not widened at base, and only slightly curved towards apex. Apex with an elongated head.	en	Wallin, Henrik, Nylander, Ulf, Kvamme, Torstein (2009): Two sibling species of Leiopus Audinet-Serville, 1835 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) from Europe: L. nebulosus (Linnaeus, 1758) and L. linnei sp. nov. Zootaxa 2010: 31-45
03CEB65AFFECFFCFFF392F8AFE66FD8B.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality: Sweden, the province of Uppland, Övergran, Biskops-Arnö. Holotype: 1 male (body length: 8.3 mm, width: 2.8 mm), Sweden, Province Uppland, Biskops-Arnö, 2007 - 05, reared from oak branches, H. Wallin leg. The holotype is deposited in the type collection at the Museum of Evolution, Uppsala University (UUZM) with identity = UUZM Types No. 2824 a. Paratypes: (8 males, 6 females): 1 female, Sweden, UP, Biskops-Arnö, 2007 - 05, reared from oak branches, H. Wallin leg, UUZM Types No. 2824 b; 1 male, Sweden, SM, Hornsö, Alsterhus, 1980 - 05 - 22, Bengt Andersson leg, reared from oak branches, BA; 1 male, Norway, Ås (AK 6), 1977 - 04 - 22, reared from oak branches, T. Kvamme leg, NMHO; 1 male, Sweden, SM, Strömserum, 1971 - 07 - 09, U. Nylander leg., UN; 1 male, Sweden, UP, Biskops-Arnö, 2007 - 05, reared from oak branches, H. Wallin leg, HW; 1 male Denmark, Jylland (SJ), Løgumkloster, Løgumbjerg, 1956 - 06 - 22, G. Israelson leg, ZML; 1 male, Sweden, SK, Örup, 1979 - 07 - 22, A. Dufberg leg., AD; 1 male, Sweden, Holmsjö, BL, 1980 - 06 - 24, O. Nodmar leg, ON; 1 male England, Barcombe, Devon, 1924 - 07 - 04, oak (ex coll. C. J. Saunders), BMNH; 1 female, Sweden, SM, Hornsö, 1974 - 05 - 14, Bengt Andersson leg, reared from oak branches, BA; 1 female, Norway, Arendal (AAY), Fløystad kirke, 2006 - 06 - 21, S. Olberg leg, NMHO; 1 female, Sweden, SM, Strömserum, 1971 - 07 - 09, U. Nylander leg, UN; 1 female Denmark, Jylland (SJ), Løgumkloster, Løgumbjerg, 1956 - 06 - 22, G. Israelsson leg, ZML; 1 female England, Barcombe, Devon, 1924 - 07 - 04, oak (ex coll. C. J. Saunders), BMNH.	en	Wallin, Henrik, Nylander, Ulf, Kvamme, Torstein (2009): Two sibling species of Leiopus Audinet-Serville, 1835 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) from Europe: L. nebulosus (Linnaeus, 1758) and L. linnei sp. nov. Zootaxa 2010: 31-45
03CEB65AFFECFFCFFF392F8AFE66FD8B.taxon	description	Description: Moderate-sized, subdepressed, similar in shape to L. nebulosus (L.) (Fig. 2). Body length: 5.0 – 9.2 mm in males, and 6.4 – 9.5 mm in females. Entire surface covered with whitish pubescence with irregular blackish spots, forming an irregular and broad blackish band near base, and most often, an oblique to blackish band behind middle (Fig. 2). A whitish area on the middle of the elytra, between the anterior and posterior dark bands, often with numerous small dark spots. Pronotum covered with a mixture of brownish and yellowish pubescence forming a pattern of lighter spots or transversal bands medially (Fig. 4). Pronotum is wide, often with three to five raised tubercles: two close to the posterior margin, one longitudinally elongated medially, and two close to the anterior margin. Area between four marginal tubercles often covered with yellowish pubescence. Pronotal punctuation relatively coarse and more concentrated medially. Frons more protruding and wider than that of L. nebulosus (Fig. 6). Maximum width of frons (mean ± SD: 1.23 mm ± 0.16; n = 20) significantly greater than that of L. nebulosus (0.98 mm ± 0.13, n = 20) (t-test, P <0,0001). In order to eliminate any influence of body size, an index (maximum width of frons / maximum width the right eye) was used, which also resulted in significant differences (t-test, P <0.0001). Posterior margin of last visible abdominal segment (ovipositor) of female covered with a dense plume of long hairs (Fig. 8). Body length of examined males (7.83 mm ± 0.88, n = 87) significantly greater than that of L. nebulosus males (7.05 mm ± 0.74, n = 87) (t-test, P <0.0001). Examined females significantly longer (8.21 mm ± 0.70, n = 61) than L. nebulosus females (7.39 mm ± 0.75, n = 65) (t-test, P <0.0001). Aedeagus (Fig. 10): approx. 1.7 mm long, relatively broad and stout, slightly widened to the middle and thereafter only slightly narrowed and curved towards apex, ventral ridge protruding, forming a distinct apical tip, often elongated and pointing ventrally. Dorsal ridge with a rounded apex. Microscopic sclerites inside internal sac forming a circular head without a “ V-shaped ” structure and a " T-shaped " end found in L. nebulosus. Parameres (Figs. 12 & 14): approx. 1.8 mm long, flattened dorso-ventrally, not separated, forming a straight inner line towards apex, apex with sharp edge inwards and more rounded laterally; with a mixture of fine and coarse fringes of relatively short, brownish hairs well concentrated at edge of apex, also scattered single hairs medially towards apex. Basal part of parameres protruding, giving it a swollen appearance. Surface medially along inner margin and predominantly towards apex often covered with weak transversal micro-reticulation. Base of tegmen at lower part of lateral lobe extended and forming a straight line dorso-ventrally, and not twisted in the middle. Proctiger (8 th tergum; Fig. 16): approx. 1.0 mm long and densely covered with long coarse yellowish, brownish or black hairs distally towards posterior margin, covering entire surface medially. Surface not shining medially, with distinct square-formed micro-reticulation both medially and laterally. Posterior margin extended and often forming a distinct pointing edge, almost triangular. Spermatheca (Fig. 17): yellow to brown, relatively short and stout, widened at base, and acutely curved towards apex. Apex with an elongated head.	en	Wallin, Henrik, Nylander, Ulf, Kvamme, Torstein (2009): Two sibling species of Leiopus Audinet-Serville, 1835 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) from Europe: L. nebulosus (Linnaeus, 1758) and L. linnei sp. nov. Zootaxa 2010: 31-45
03CEB65AFFECFFCFFF392F8AFE66FD8B.taxon	discussion	Comments: The genitalia characteristics of both sexes amongst all dissected specimens of the two sibling species of Leiopus were found to be stable. We found no similarities in the genitalia characters between L. linnei, and any of the examined Palaearctic species of Leiopus. The male genitalia characters of L. insulanus, are similar to those described for L. nebulosus but not L. linnei.	en	Wallin, Henrik, Nylander, Ulf, Kvamme, Torstein (2009): Two sibling species of Leiopus Audinet-Serville, 1835 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) from Europe: L. nebulosus (Linnaeus, 1758) and L. linnei sp. nov. Zootaxa 2010: 31-45
03CEB65AFFECFFCFFF392F8AFE66FD8B.taxon	etymology	Etymology: This species is named in honour of Carl von Linné, who introduced the binary nomenclature. The final part of the work was made during 2007, which corresponds with the 300 th anniversary of Linnaeus’s birth. Cerambyx nebulosus was described by Linnaeus and this is an additional reason to dedicate the name of the sibling species to him.	en	Wallin, Henrik, Nylander, Ulf, Kvamme, Torstein (2009): Two sibling species of Leiopus Audinet-Serville, 1835 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) from Europe: L. nebulosus (Linnaeus, 1758) and L. linnei sp. nov. Zootaxa 2010: 31-45
