taxonID	type	description	language	source
03CE878AFFD9E01AFF53DCB19CB46078.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — Kalanchoe delagoensis Ecklon & Zeyher (1837: 305). Designations not validly published: — “ Kalanchoe [sect. Bryophyllum] subsect. Bulbilliferae ” Boiteau (1947: 8), nom. inval. (Turland et al. 2018: Art. 39.1).	en	Smith, Gideon F. (2024): The name to be used for the most invasive species of Kalanchoe globally finally resolved: nomenclature and taxonomy of the Malagasy Kalanchoe delagoensis (Crassulaceae subfam. Cotyledonoideae). Phytotaxa 672 (3): 225-241, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.672.3.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.672.3.1
03CE878AFFDBE012FF53DF099F026D04.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — [MOZAMBIQUE or, possibly, MADAGASCAR]. s. l. s. d., s. c. / leg. ign. s. n. [likely William Fitz William Owen s. n. or possibly John Forbes s. n.] (holotype S S-G- 10717, https: // herbarium. nrm. se / specimens / S-G- 10717 / image /). Homotypic synonyms: — Bryophyllum tubiflorum Harvey (1862: 380), nom. illeg. (Turland et al. 2018: Art. 52.1).	en	Smith, Gideon F. (2024): The name to be used for the most invasive species of Kalanchoe globally finally resolved: nomenclature and taxonomy of the Malagasy Kalanchoe delagoensis (Crassulaceae subfam. Cotyledonoideae). Phytotaxa 672 (3): 225-241, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.672.3.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.672.3.1
03CE878AFFDBE012FF53DF099F026D04.taxon	description	Heterotypic synonyms: — Kalanchoe verticillata Scott Elliot (1891: 14). Type: — MADAGASCAR. “ Fort Dauphin, open sandy dunes near sea ”, G. F. Scott Elliot 2983 (lectotype, Herb. K barcode K 000232791), image of the specimen accessible at https: // plants. jstor. org / stable / 10.5555 / al. ap. specimen. k 000232791, here designated as lectotype. Isolectotype: — [MADAGASCAR.] “ Fort Dauphin, open sandy dunes nr [near] sea, [collected] June July [presumably 1890] recd 9 / 90 [received, presumably at Herb. K, in September 1890] ”, G. F. Scott Elliot 2983 (Herb. K barcode K 000232792), image of the specimen accessible at https: // plants. jstor. org / stable / 10.5555 / al. ap. specimen. k 000232792.	en	Smith, Gideon F. (2024): The name to be used for the most invasive species of Kalanchoe globally finally resolved: nomenclature and taxonomy of the Malagasy Kalanchoe delagoensis (Crassulaceae subfam. Cotyledonoideae). Phytotaxa 672 (3): 225-241, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.672.3.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.672.3.1
03CE878AFFDBE012FF53DF099F026D04.taxon	description	However, there is a chance that this species, which has well-known and considerable invasive tendencies (Smith et al. 2019: 112 – 114, 274 – 278, 2021: 9, 11), could already have become naturalised in Mozambique by then. Even in Madagascar, its country of origin, K. delagoensis seems to have been spreading (see Shtein et al. 2021: 250, Figure 9). The two collectors on the Owen expedition, Forbes and Hilsenberg, are known to have visited Madagascar, and Owen also joined collecting excursions on the island (see for example Owen 1833 [vol. 2]: 33). However, Owen was not listed as a collector in Madagascar by Dorr (1997). Nomenclatural notes on the type of the name Kalanchoe verticillata: — When describing K. verticillata, the only material that Scott Elliot (1891: 15) cited was “ Sandy dunes, Fort Dauphin, [G. F. Scott Elliot] 2983! ” At least two specimens that were both collected by Scott Elliot under his collecting number “ 2983 ” exist at Herb. K. These two specimens — both of them syntypes (see Turland et al. 2018: Art. 9.6 and Note 1 under Art. 40) — were mounted on two different sheets. These specimens can be identified as follows with reference to the red-printed labels headed “ EX. HERB. G. F. SCOTT ELLIOT ” and “ No. ” that are attached to them: 1. “ 2983 ” that was completed by hand after “ No. ” and with the text on the label, in ink stating: “ Madagascar. Kalanchoe verticillata sp. Open sandy dunes near sea. Fort Dauphin. ” This syntype is here designated as lectotype, Herb. K barcode K 000232791; image of specimen accessible at https: // plants. jstor. org / stable / 10.5555 / al. ap. specimen. k 000232791. [The preserved material is of two, straight, flowering specimens with leaves attached lower down on both peduncles. A paper capsule apparently containing flower fragments, and on which notes were written in pencil, is attached to the specimen.] 2. “ 2983 ” that was completed by hand after “ No. ” and with the text on the label, in ink stating: “ Recd 9 / 90 [Received September 1890] Madagascar. Kalanchoe verticillata. Open sandy dunes nr [near] sea. Fort Dauphin. June July ”. This syntype becomes an isolectotype, Herb. K barcode K 000232792; image of specimen accessible at https: // plants. jstor. org / stable / 10.5555 / al. ap. specimen. k 000232792. [The preserved material is of two, bent, flowering specimens with leaves attached lower down on the peduncle on the left, and with the peduncle on the right devoid of leaves.] The two accessions, “ 1. ” and “ 2. ”, above, were both clearly given the number “ G. F. Scott Elliot 2983 ” and both qualify as original material because they were obviously collected by and available to Scott Elliot before he published the name K. verticillata in 1891. Of these two specimens the G. F. Scott Elliot 2983 specimen — the more complete one — that can be identified as Herb. K barcode K 000232791 is designated as the lectotype of the name K. verticillata. Description of Kalanchoe delagoensis: — Biennial or, rarely, multi-annual, erect to leaning to procumbent, glabrous, brittle, succulent shrubs, to 2 m tall; unbranched or very rarely sparsely branched or suckering near base, with canopies terminating in an inflorescence. Stems generally weak, thin, 6 – 12 (– 15) in diam., light yellowish brown to yellowish grey to brownish grey, usually erect or toppling over under weight of inflorescence. Leaves many, tricussate, sparsely arranged, generally evenly spaced throughout, slanted away from branches at ± 45 °, succulent, glabrous, sessile, terete, cylindrical to very narrowly oblong, often grooved above, bluish to purplish to brownish green to grey-green with irregular dark green or bluish-purple mottling, somewhat waxy; petiole absent; blade 3 – 12 cm × 2 – 5 mm; base slightly narrowed; apex with 2 – 9 small, conical teeth, usually with bulbils borne on short pedestals, also once leaves are detached. Inflorescence a terminal, apically branched, many-flowered, head-shaped to rounded thyrse, up to 20 cm in diam., erect, peduncle short, straight, non-flori-bulbiliferous until post-anthesis; pedicels 6 – 12 mm long, glabrous. Flowers tetramerous, pendent, glabrous, waxy bloom ± absent, subtended by small bracts that soon shrivel, corolla much exceeding calyx at anthesis, buds yellowish, papery when dry, drying purplish brown; calyx shorter than corolla, very slightly balloon-like inflated; sepals 10 – 11 mm long, fused for ± 3 – 4 mm, free portion elongated-triangular, acute- tippEd, ObsCuriNg LOwEr ± ⅓ Of COrOLLA tubE, LigHt grEENisH rEd, rEd-iNfusiON mOrE prOmiNENt tOwArds tip, rEd ArrANgEd in feint longitudinal lines, creamy to purplish when young; corolla tube 25 – 30 mm long, various shades of red, from crimson to deep orange to yellowish orange, basally longitudinally infused with yellow along tube angles, campanulate, flaring basally or basally as well as at level of ovaries, constricted at level of ovaries, bulging in middle, slightly flared towards mouth; corolla lobes ± 7 – 13 × 5 – 8 mm, subcircular to obovate, apically obtuse-rounded, minutely apiculate. Stamens inserted very low-down in corolla tube at ± same level as carpels, included to hardly exserted; filaments 25 – 28 mm long, thin, light greenish red, basally light green; anthers ± 1 visible at mouth; pollen greyish yellow. Pistil consisting of 4 carpels; carpels 5 – 8 mm long, light shiny green; styles 20 – 25 mm long; stigmas very slightly capitate, green, at first inserted, later hardly exserted; scales ± rectangular-rounded to square, free, ± 0.5 × 1.0 (– 2) mm, rounded to flat to slightly indented above. Follicles not recorded. Seeds not recorded. Chromosome number: 2 n = 68 [tetraploid] (Smith 2022 b: 159, 171 – 173). Cultivars described in Kalanchoe delagoensis: — Kalanchoe delagoensis Ecklon & Zeyher (1837: 305) ‘ Morvedre’ D. Guillot, E. Laguna, López-Pujol & C. Puche in Guillot Ortiz et al. (2015: 64). Cultivated and escaped in the Iberian Peninsula.	en	Smith, Gideon F. (2024): The name to be used for the most invasive species of Kalanchoe globally finally resolved: nomenclature and taxonomy of the Malagasy Kalanchoe delagoensis (Crassulaceae subfam. Cotyledonoideae). Phytotaxa 672 (3): 225-241, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.672.3.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.672.3.1
