taxonID	type	description	language	source
03C08780FFD0FFDAC974FA6178D9FE7E.taxon	description	Previously placed in the genus Mimoides Brown, 1991 (type species Papilio ariarathes, Esper, 1788), Papilio phaon Boisduval, 1836 is sister to Eurytides marcellus (Cramer, 1777) among butterflies of Canada and the US, and is phylogenetically close to Eurytides philolaus (Boisduval, 1836), suggesting that it should be placed in the genus Eurytides Hübner, [1821] (type species Eurytides iphitas Hübner, [1821]) (Fig. 1). Additionally taking into account that Mimoides species are close to each other as evidenced by their morphology (Tyler et al. 1994) and COI barcodes (Ratnasingham & Hebert 2007), we propose to treat Mimoides as a subgenus of Eurytides among its other subgenera: Protesilaus Swainson, [1832] (type species Papilio protesilaus Linnaeus, 1758) and Neographium Möhn, 2002 (type species Papilio philolaus Boisduval, 1836). Curiously, Papilio marcellus Cramer, 1777 is in the same clade with Mimoides, but is in a different clade from Neographium, and therefore should be included in the subgenus Mimoides despite the similarity in wing patterns to Eurytides (Neographium) philolaus. Finally, application of the genus Protographium Munroe (1961) (type species Papilio leosthenes E. Doubleday, 1846) to the New World is unwarranted, because genomic data show that the Australian endemic P. leosthenes is sister to another Old World genus Graphium Scopoli, 1777 (type species Papilio sarpedon Linnaeus, 1758) and is in a different clade from Eurytides (including Mimoides and Neographium) (Fig. 1). Eurytides versus Protographium is yet another case of striking wing pattern convergence in butterflies.	en	Zhang, Jing, Cong, Qian, Shen, Jinhui, Opler, Paul A., Grishin, Nick V. (2019): Changes to North American butterfly names. The Taxonomic Report of the International Lepidoptera Survey 8 (2): 1-12, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16422375
03C08780FFD1FFDAC8F6FD8B7E9BF83D.taxon	description	Previously junior subjective synonyms of Eurema Hübner, [1819] (type species Papilio delia Cramer, [1780], a junior subjective synonym of Pieris daira Godart, 1819), Sphaenogona Butler, 1870 (type species Terias bogotana C. & R. Felder, 1861, which is treated as a subspecies of Terias mexicana Boisduval, 1836) and Lucidia Lacordaire, 1833 (type species Papilio albula Cramer, 1775) are not monophyletic with Eurema, but are instead in the same clade with Abaeis Hübner, [1819] (type species Papilio nicippe Cramer, 1779) (Fig. 2). This genomic tree shows notable genetic divergence among Abaeis, Sphaenogona and Lucidia that is only slightly less than the divergence between Eurema and Pyrisitia Butler, 1870 (type species Papilio proterpia Fabricius, 1775) suggesting that Sphaenogona and Lucidia are not synonyms, but can be treated as subgenera of Abaeis. As a result, we use the following new or revised combination for the US species: Abaeis (Sphaenogona) boisduvaliana (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1865), Abaeis (Sphaenogona) mexicana (Boisduval, 1836), Abaeis (Sphaenogona) salome (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1861), and Abaeis (Lucidia) albula (Cramer, 1775). Consequently, only a single US species remains in Eurema, the type species of the genus: Eurema daira. Our proposed changes keep the number of genera in this group at 3 (Eurema, Abaeis, and Pyrisitia), and simply rearrange species between these genera. This rearrangement agrees with wing pattern characters on the dorsal side, making identification of the genus in the US easier. Both Eurema and Pyrisitia lack darker expanded area near forewing tornus and their males possess darker scaling along the outer margin of hindwing, at least by the veins. Eurema males can be distinguished by a long dark bar near forewing inner margin, which Pyrisitia species lack. Males of Abaeis species either have a dark forewing tornus (forewing mostly orange with a dark cell spot in the nominal subgenus and yellower, without the cell spot in the subgenus Sphaenogona), or lack dark scaling by the hindwing outer margin (USA only) and wings are mostly white with variable extent of dark margins (subgenus Lucidia). Although it is tempting to unite all these medium-sized white-yellow-orange butterflies in a single genus Eurema, their genetic divergence is very large (Fig. 2), and the group is divided into two prominent clades (Eurema + Pyrisitia and Abaeis), one of which splits into two more (Eurema and Pyrisitia). Therefore, we keep the three-genus arrangement of the group. Moreover, Abaeis as defined here is a broad and diverse genus. Comprehensive sequencing of the worldwide fauna of the group is likely to substantiate further splits rather than lumps.	en	Zhang, Jing, Cong, Qian, Shen, Jinhui, Opler, Paul A., Grishin, Nick V. (2019): Changes to North American butterfly names. The Taxonomic Report of the International Lepidoptera Survey 8 (2): 1-12, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16422375
03C08780FFD6FFDCC933F9EE7994FF7F.taxon	description	Previously placed in the genus Electrostrymon Clench, 1961 (type species Papilio endymion Fabricius, 1775), Thecla guzanta Schaus, 1902 is not monophyletic with it and instead is sister to Calycopis Scudder, 1876 (type species Rusticus poeas Hübner, [1811], which is a junior subjective synonym of Hesperia cecrops Fabricius, 1793) (Fig. 5). Not willing to place guzanta in Calycopis due to genetic and morphological divergence of about the same magnitude as that between Electrostrymon and Kisutam K. Johnson, 1993 (Thecla syllis Godman & Salvin, 1887), we resurrect from synonymy the genus Pendantus K. Johnson & Kroenlein, 1993 (type species Thecla plusios Godman & Salvin 1887, currently treated as a junior subjective synonym of Tmolus denarius Butler & H. Druce, 1872) and form new or revised combinations: Pendantus guzanta, Pendantus thurman (Thompson & Robbins, 2016), Pendantus denarius (A. Butler & H. Druce, 1872), and Pendantus perisus (H. Druce, 1907).	en	Zhang, Jing, Cong, Qian, Shen, Jinhui, Opler, Paul A., Grishin, Nick V. (2019): Changes to North American butterfly names. The Taxonomic Report of the International Lepidoptera Survey 8 (2): 1-12, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16422375
03C08780FFD6FFDDC8D3FC4878B4FA71.taxon	description	Phaeostrymon Clench, 1961 (type and the only species Thecla alcestis W. H. Edwards, 1871) was previously considered a valid genus, but it originates within Satyrium Scudder, 1876 (type species Lycaena fuliginosa W. H. Edwards, 1861), thus rendering Satyrium paraphyletic (Fig. 4). Because Satyrium is a tight (but diverse) group of close relatives prominently separated from other genera (Fig. 4), Phaeostrymon is a close sister to the clade with the type species of Satyrium, and Phaeostrymon is not prominently distinct from this clade, it is best to treat Phaeostrymon as a junior subjective synonym of Satyrium, new status.	en	Zhang, Jing, Cong, Qian, Shen, Jinhui, Opler, Paul A., Grishin, Nick V. (2019): Changes to North American butterfly names. The Taxonomic Report of the International Lepidoptera Survey 8 (2): 1-12, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16422375
03C08780FFD6FFDDC95EFF27787CFCEB.taxon	description	Philotiella Mattoni, [1978] (type species Lycaena speciosa Hy. Edwards, 1877) is phylogenetically close to Euphilotes Mattoni, [1978] (type species Lycaena enoptes Boisduval, 1852) (COI barcodes differ by only 3.3 %) and does not prominently stand out from it in the tree (Fig. 3). Therefore Philotiella is better treated as a subgenus, new status. Euphilotes is a genus distinct from Philotes Scudder, 1876 (type species Lycaena regia Boisduval, 1869, a junior subjective synonym of Lycaena sonorensis C. Felder & R. Felder, 1865), because they are not monophyletic. Philotes is sister to Glaucopsyche Scudder, 1872 (type species Polyommatus lygdamus E. Doubleday, 1841) (Fig. 3). However, these three genera are close to each other and, if one prefers, can be combined under Glaucopsyche. The tight cluster of species comprising Euphilotes, (Fig. 3) contrasts with the two rather distant species of Glaucopsyche and the monotypic Philotes at about the same distance from them. Apparently, not all genera form prominent assemblages of species, and some genera may not be that distinct from each other, like Glaucopsyche and Philotes.	en	Zhang, Jing, Cong, Qian, Shen, Jinhui, Opler, Paul A., Grishin, Nick V. (2019): Changes to North American butterfly names. The Taxonomic Report of the International Lepidoptera Survey 8 (2): 1-12, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16422375
03C08780FFD7FFDCC893FC297E2BFA08.taxon	description	Monotypic genus Agraulis Boisduval & Le Conte, [1835] (type species Papilio vanillae Linnaeus, 1758) is a close sister to Dione Hübner, [1819] (type species Papilio juno Cramer, 1779) (Fig. 7). COI barcode difference between A. vanillae and Dione moneta Hübner, [1825] is 7.9 %. Timecalibrated nuclear genomic tree shows that genetic divergence (Fig. 7) between Agraulis and Dione is nearly the same as the divergence among species of Boloria Moore, 1900 (type species Papilio pales [Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775) and smaller than the divergence between Heliconius Kluk, 1780 (type species Papilio charithonia Linnaeus, 1767) and Eueides Hübner, 1816 (type species Nereis dianasa Hübner, [1806]) (Fig. 7). Therefore, we treat Agraulis as a subgenus of Dione.	en	Zhang, Jing, Cong, Qian, Shen, Jinhui, Opler, Paul A., Grishin, Nick V. (2019): Changes to North American butterfly names. The Taxonomic Report of the International Lepidoptera Survey 8 (2): 1-12, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16422375
03C08780FFD7FFDCC977FEB27EC1FCC8.taxon	description	In agreement with the previous study (Kleckova et al. 2015), we find that Neominois Scudder, 1875 (type species Satyrus ridingsii W. H. Edwards, 1865) originates within Oeneis Hübner, [1819] (type species Papilio norna Thunberg, 1791, represented by O. polixenes (Fabricius, 1775) in the US) as it is currently defined, and is sister to the subgenus Oeneis. COI barcode difference between ridingsii and polixenes is only 6.2 %. However, subgenus Protoeneis Gorbunov, 2001 (type species Chionobas nanna Ménétriés, 1858, represented by Oeneis uhleri (Reakirt, 1866) in the US fauna) that is placed in the genus Oeneis, is a sister to the clade consisting of Neominois and subgenus Oeneis (Fig. 6). The entire group of 3 taxa is compact (Fig. 6), prominent, and genetic divergence within it agrees with the expected divergence within a genus. Therefore, we treat Neominois as a subgenus of Oeneis.	en	Zhang, Jing, Cong, Qian, Shen, Jinhui, Opler, Paul A., Grishin, Nick V. (2019): Changes to North American butterfly names. The Taxonomic Report of the International Lepidoptera Survey 8 (2): 1-12, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16422375
03C08780FFD7FFDFCA5EF9A37E07FF18.taxon	description	Described as a subspecies of Urbanus viterboana (Ehrmann, 1907) by Evans (1952), alva (the holotype, male, from Mexico: Veracruz, Atoyac, examined by NVG) was placed in synonymy with Urbanus belli (Hayward, 1935) (the holotype, female, from Argentina: Salta, photographs examined) by Steinhauser (1981), who was unable to see the belli holotype. Our genomic analysis of U. belli from Argentina indicates that it is not conspecific with belli-like specimens from Mexico or anywhere else in North America due to genetic divergence between them. Evans noted shorter hindwing tails in alva compared to belli, and this character holds true comparing the holotypes of these taxa and additional belli specimens from Argentina we sequenced, including males. For these reasons we resurrect alva from synonymy with belli and treat it as a distinct species Urbanus alva, new status. Consequently, we exclude Urbanus belli (Hayward, 1935) from the North American fauna.	en	Zhang, Jing, Cong, Qian, Shen, Jinhui, Opler, Paul A., Grishin, Nick V. (2019): Changes to North American butterfly names. The Taxonomic Report of the International Lepidoptera Survey 8 (2): 1-12, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16422375
03C08780FFD4FFDEC96DFA417C67FEA6.taxon	description	Previously placed in the genus Oarisma Scudder, 1872 (type species Hesperia powesheik Parker, 1870), Thymelicus edwardsii W. Barnes, 1897 is not monophyletic with it, and is a close sister to the two US species from the genus Copaeodes Speyer, 1877, including its type species Heteropterus procris W. H. Edwards, 1871, a junior subjective synonym of Ancyloxipha [sic!] aurantiaca Hewitson, 1868 (Fig. 9). Investigation of other Oarisma and Copaeodes species reveals that they are close to each other and difficult to partition between the two genera (Fig. 9). Only the close cluster of 3 species O. poweshiek (Parker, 1870), O. garita (Reakirt, 1866), and O. era Dyar, 1927 constitute Oarisma sensu stricto. Others fall in a different and broad clade, which in addition to Copaeodes includes other species previously placed in Oarisma, e. g., O. edwardsii (W. Barnes, 1897) and O. nanus (Herrich-Schäffer, 1865), and we treat this clade as a subgenus Copaeodes within a broaderdefined Oarisma.	en	Zhang, Jing, Cong, Qian, Shen, Jinhui, Opler, Paul A., Grishin, Nick V. (2019): Changes to North American butterfly names. The Taxonomic Report of the International Lepidoptera Survey 8 (2): 1-12, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16422375
03C08780FFD4FFDFC93EFF197EC6FAD0.taxon	description	Gesta Evans, 1953 (type species Thanaos gesta Herrich-Schäffer, 1863) is a sister to subgenus Erynnides Burns, 1964 (type species Nisoniades propertius Scudder & Burgess, 1870), with the exclusion of subgenus Erynnis Schrank, 1801 (type species Papilio tages Linnaeus, 1758, represented by Erynnis brizo (Boisduval & Le Conte, [1837]) and Erynnis icelus (Scudder & Burgess, 1870) in the US), thus rendering Erynnis paraphyletic (Fig. 8). There are three possible solutions. First (splitting), treat all three (Erynnis, Gesta, and Erynnides) as valid genera. However, genetic divergence between Gesta, and Erynnides is moderate (about 8 % in the COI barcode), and no prominent tree branches separate the two taxa. Their genitalia are also quite similar. Therefore, these two taxa are best viewed as subgenera. Second (lumping), treat all three as subgenera of Erynnis, thus eliminating genus-species combinations involving Gesta. However, genetic divergence between Erynnis (sensu stricto) and Gesta + Erynnides is prominent (Fig. 8), comparable to that between other Erynnini Brues & F. Carpenter, 1932 genera. While the lumping solution is more compatible with how these taxa were viewed historically, it is not consistent with how other members of Erynnini are partitioned into genera. Third (middle ground), is a two-genus solution, i. e., to transfer Erynnides from Erynnis to Gesta. Phylogenetic trees show the two prominent clades corresponding to these two genera, and the clade leading to their common ancestor is shorter and thus less prominent (Fig. 8). Genetic divergence between these two genera is the same magnitude as between other sister genera of Erynnini. This divergence is equally profound in nuclear (autosomes and Z chromosome) and mitochondrial genomes. Therefore, we prefer this two-genus solution. As a result, all species formerly placed in the subgenus Erynnides of Erynnis would change their genus name to Gesta. This action results in many name changes, but highlights deep genetic divergence between mostly Old Worth Erynnis and exclusively New World Gesta and thus seems to be more biologically meaningful. Although the switch of names is bothersome in short run, it may be beneficial long term.	en	Zhang, Jing, Cong, Qian, Shen, Jinhui, Opler, Paul A., Grishin, Nick V. (2019): Changes to North American butterfly names. The Taxonomic Report of the International Lepidoptera Survey 8 (2): 1-12, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16422375
03C08780FFD5FFDEC9CEFBBE7E54FA0C.taxon	description	Previously placed in the genus Vidius Evans, 1955 (type species Narga vidius Mabille, 1891), Mastor perigenes Godman, 1900 is not monophyletic with the type species of Vidius, and instead forms a clade with Nastra Evans, 1955 (type species Hesperia lherminier Latreille, [1824]) (Fig. 11) and therefore is transferred to this genus to form a new combination Nastra perigenes.	en	Zhang, Jing, Cong, Qian, Shen, Jinhui, Opler, Paul A., Grishin, Nick V. (2019): Changes to North American butterfly names. The Taxonomic Report of the International Lepidoptera Survey 8 (2): 1-12, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16422375
03C08780FFD5FFDEC8E4FEB77E11FBBE.taxon	description	Monotypic genus Calpodes Hübner, [1819] (type species Papilio ethlius Stoll, 1782) is genetically close to Saliana Evans, 1955 (type species Papilio salius Cramer, 1775) (Fig. 10) and their type species differ by only about 6.5 % in COI barcodes. Moreover, Calpodes + Saliana clade experienced rapid radiation over a short period of time and, as a result, the tree looks more like a comb than a bi-branching structure (Fig. 10). It is not clear whether Saliana is monophyletic: 64 % bootstrap in the nuclear genome tree suggests that it is not, and that Saliana fusta Evans, 1955 is sister to the rest of Saliana + Calpodes. Due to rapid radiation, this genus is difficult to partition into meaningful subgenera, because no clear clusters of species are apparent in the tree (Fig. 10). For all these reasons, we propose that Saliana is a junior subjective synonym of Calpodes, new status. Interestingly, C. ethlius diverged strongly in wing shapes and patterns from all other members of the genus (although their male genitalia are similar) and this new synonymy is unexpected. Therefore, we tested the results using multiple specimens of C. ethlius (7 shown in Fig. 10) and they all cluster together, within former Saliana. The newly expanded Calpodes is a strongly supported (bootstrap 100 %) and prominent (long tree branch is leading to it) genus.	en	Zhang, Jing, Cong, Qian, Shen, Jinhui, Opler, Paul A., Grishin, Nick V. (2019): Changes to North American butterfly names. The Taxonomic Report of the International Lepidoptera Survey 8 (2): 1-12, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16422375
03C08780FFD5FFD1CA78F9ED787EFC69.taxon	conservation	http: // zoobank. org / C 1 F 98 F 8 D-C 366 - 4065 - 9317 - EA 039 D 15 CB 22	en	Zhang, Jing, Cong, Qian, Shen, Jinhui, Opler, Paul A., Grishin, Nick V. (2019): Changes to North American butterfly names. The Taxonomic Report of the International Lepidoptera Survey 8 (2): 1-12, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16422375
03C08780FFD5FFD1CA78F9ED787EFC69.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Goniloba exoteria Herrich-Schäffer, 1869.	en	Zhang, Jing, Cong, Qian, Shen, Jinhui, Opler, Paul A., Grishin, Nick V. (2019): Changes to North American butterfly names. The Taxonomic Report of the International Lepidoptera Survey 8 (2): 1-12, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16422375
03C08780FFD5FFD1CA78F9ED787EFC69.taxon	description	Definition. A prominent clade within Amblyscirtes Scudder, 1872 (type species Hesperia vialis W. H. Edwards, 1862) without a name (Fig. 11, 12). Keys to N. 2.2, 6, 8, or 22 in Evans (1955). Phenotypically diverse lineage of species that differs from its relatives by the following combination of characters: males either with stigma long, narrow and rather straight, hindwing below with many small white spots in some species, and size small (forewing length mostly <15 mm), or if larger, then forewing pale spot in cell M 1 - M 2 strongly offset towards outer margin; or with brands at the base of vein CuA 2, and brands either very conspicuous on bronze-colored wings, or wings black, head orange and fringes not orange but pale. Due to this pronounced phenotypic variation, the subgenus is best defined by DNA characters. A combination of the following base pairs in the standard DNA COI barcode region (658 bp) is diagnostic: T 548 C, A 550 T (these two characters are synapomorphic), 343 (not G as in Stomyles), T 346 T (not C as in Stomyles), T 553 T (not A as in the nominal subgenus), and A 637 A (not T as in Stomyles).	en	Zhang, Jing, Cong, Qian, Shen, Jinhui, Opler, Paul A., Grishin, Nick V. (2019): Changes to North American butterfly names. The Taxonomic Report of the International Lepidoptera Survey 8 (2): 1-12, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16422375
03C08780FFD5FFD1CA78F9ED787EFC69.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name is a feminine noun in the nominative singular, a fusion of the type species name epithets: Amby [scirtes] + [exo] teria. Species included. Amblyscirtes elissa Godman, [1900], Pamphila oslari Skinner, 1899, Amblyscirtes brocki Freeman, 1992, Goniloba exoteria Herrich-Schäffer, 1869, and Pamphila phylace Edwards, 1878.	en	Zhang, Jing, Cong, Qian, Shen, Jinhui, Opler, Paul A., Grishin, Nick V. (2019): Changes to North American butterfly names. The Taxonomic Report of the International Lepidoptera Survey 8 (2): 1-12, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16422375
03C08780FFD5FFD1CA78F9ED787EFC69.taxon	description	Parent taxon. Genus Amblyscirtes Scudder, 1872. Assignment of species to subgenera. With the description of Amblyteria subgen. n., we consider that the genus Amblyscirtes consists of 4 subgenera (Fig. 12). Subgenus Stomyles Scudder, 1872 (Eastern US clade) consists of A. carolina (Skinner, 1892), A. reversa F. Jones, 1926, A. aesculapius (Fabricius, 1793), and A. hegon (Scudder, 1863). Subgenus Mastor Godman, [1900] (Southern clade) consists of A. fimbriata (Plötz, 1882) (the only USA species), A. anubis (Godman, 1900), A. novimmaculatus A. Warren, 1998, A. raphaeli H. Freeman, 1973, A. patriciae (E. Bell, 1959), and A. folia Godman, 1900. Names of type species are underlined. Other Amblyscirtes species (Mielke 2005; Pelham 2008) not mentioned here belong to the nominal subgenus.	en	Zhang, Jing, Cong, Qian, Shen, Jinhui, Opler, Paul A., Grishin, Nick V. (2019): Changes to North American butterfly names. The Taxonomic Report of the International Lepidoptera Survey 8 (2): 1-12, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16422375
03C08780FFD5FFD1CA78F9ED787EFC69.taxon	discussion	Comment. A surprising result is that two very similar-looking species A. (Amblyteria) phylace and A. (Mastor) fimbriata are not each other's closest relatives and belong to different subgenera (Fig. 12).	en	Zhang, Jing, Cong, Qian, Shen, Jinhui, Opler, Paul A., Grishin, Nick V. (2019): Changes to North American butterfly names. The Taxonomic Report of the International Lepidoptera Survey 8 (2): 1-12, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16422375
03C08780FFDAFFD0CA58F9337957FD8F.taxon	description	We find that Polites Scudder, 1872 (type species Hesperia peckius W. Kirby, 1837) is paraphyletic with respect to Wallengrenia Berg, 1897 (type species Hesperia premnas Wallengren, 1860). Genetic divergence within Polites that includes Wallengrenia is too large compared to how most Hesperiidae genera are defined. Therefore, instead of including Wallengrenia into Polites, it makes sense to restore monophyly of these genera by splitting Polites into genera with divergence consistent with that of most other Hesperiidae genera. Previously a junior subjective synonym of Polites Scudder, 1872 (type species Hesperia peckius W. Kirby, 1837), Hedone Scudder, 1872 (type species Hesperia brettus Boisduval & Le Conte, [1837], a junior subjective synonym of Thymelicus vibex Geyer, 1832) forms a clade sister to the rest of Polites + Wallengrenia (Fig. 14). Therefore, Hedone is a valid genus, and Hedone vibex (Geyer, 1832) is a revised combination. Due to morphological similarities, we additionally propose the following new combinations: Hedone bittiae (Lindsey, 1925), Hedone vibicoides (de Jong, 1983), and Hedone dictynna (Godman & Salvin, 1896).	en	Zhang, Jing, Cong, Qian, Shen, Jinhui, Opler, Paul A., Grishin, Nick V. (2019): Changes to North American butterfly names. The Taxonomic Report of the International Lepidoptera Survey 8 (2): 1-12, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16422375
03C08780FFDAFFD1C8C1FBC9780DF925.taxon	description	Previously placed in the genus Vettius Godman, 1901 (type species Papilio phyllus Cramer, 1777), Papilio fantasos Cramer, 1780 is not monophyletic with Vettius type species, and is a close relative of the monotypic genus Troyus A. Warren & Turland, 2012 (type and the only included species Troyus turneri A. Warren & Turland, 2012). Their sister genus is Monca Evans, 1955 (type species Cobalus telata Herrich-Schäffer, 1869) (Fig. 13). Therefore, we establish a new combination Troyus fantasos. Due to genetic and morphological similarities, we additionally propose the following new combinations: Troyus onaca (Evans, 1955), Troyus aurelius (Plötz, 1882), Troyus marcus (Fabricius, 1787), Troyus diversa (HerrichSchäffer, 1869), and Troyus drova (Evans, 1955). All these species were in Vettius before.	en	Zhang, Jing, Cong, Qian, Shen, Jinhui, Opler, Paul A., Grishin, Nick V. (2019): Changes to North American butterfly names. The Taxonomic Report of the International Lepidoptera Survey 8 (2): 1-12, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16422375
03C08780FFDBFFD3CA0EFB957F1DFF19.taxon	description	http: // zoobank. org / CD 8143 FC- 839 D- 408 E-A 114 - 3 FFEEA 7 AE 349	en	Zhang, Jing, Cong, Qian, Shen, Jinhui, Opler, Paul A., Grishin, Nick V. (2019): Changes to North American butterfly names. The Taxonomic Report of the International Lepidoptera Survey 8 (2): 1-12, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16422375
03C08780FFDBFFD3CA0EFB957F1DFF19.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Hesperia baracoa Lucas, 1857.	en	Zhang, Jing, Cong, Qian, Shen, Jinhui, Opler, Paul A., Grishin, Nick V. (2019): Changes to North American butterfly names. The Taxonomic Report of the International Lepidoptera Survey 8 (2): 1-12, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16422375
03C08780FFDBFFD3CA0EFB957F1DFF19.taxon	description	Definition. A sister to subgenus Yvretta Hemming, 1935 (type species Pamphila citrus Mabille, 1889, which is treated as a junior subjective synonym Hesperia subreticulata Plötz, 1883), Hesperia baracoa Lucas, 1857 prominently stands out from other Polites (Fig. 14). Therefore, this lineage is given a subgenus status and a name. This new subgenus keys to M. 13.4 in Evans (1955). Distinguished from its relatives within Polites by the combination of the following characters: presence of apiculus (longer than 1 segment); diagnostic shape of stigma: rather short, relatively straight and narrower than in other species with defined apiculus; the lack of spot before the end of discal cell on plain gray-brown ventral hindwing without dark spots (but sometimes with a row of pale discal spots) combined with orange area by the forewing costa below, stemming from the wing base and reaching apical spots.	en	Zhang, Jing, Cong, Qian, Shen, Jinhui, Opler, Paul A., Grishin, Nick V. (2019): Changes to North American butterfly names. The Taxonomic Report of the International Lepidoptera Survey 8 (2): 1-12, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16422375
03C08780FFDBFFD3CA0EFB957F1DFF19.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name is a feminine noun in the nominative singular, the ending of the type species name. Species included. Only the type species.	en	Zhang, Jing, Cong, Qian, Shen, Jinhui, Opler, Paul A., Grishin, Nick V. (2019): Changes to North American butterfly names. The Taxonomic Report of the International Lepidoptera Survey 8 (2): 1-12, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16422375
03C08780FFDBFFD3CA0EFB957F1DFF19.taxon	description	Parent taxon. Genus Polites Scudder, 1872. Assignment of species to subgenera. With the description of Coa subgen. n., we consider that Polites consists of 3 subgenera (Fig. 14). Subgenus Yvretta consists of P. subreticulata (Plötz, 1883), P. carus (W. H. Edwards, 1883), and P. rhesus (W. H. Edwards, 1878). Other Polites species (Mielke 2005; Pelham 2008) not mentioned in this work belong to the nominal subgenus. Interestingly, Wallengrenia Berg, 1897 (type species Hesperia premnas Wallengren, 1860) is not prominently distinct genetically from Polites (green branch in Fig. 14) and may therefore be included in Polites as the 4 th subgenus, depending on researcher's taste.	en	Zhang, Jing, Cong, Qian, Shen, Jinhui, Opler, Paul A., Grishin, Nick V. (2019): Changes to North American butterfly names. The Taxonomic Report of the International Lepidoptera Survey 8 (2): 1-12, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16422375
03C08780FFDBFFD0C9BBFD6D7939FB85.taxon	description	Sister to the rest of Polites + Wallengrenia excluding Hedone, Limochores Scudder, 1872 (type species Hesperia manataaqua Scudder, 1863, which is a junior subjective synonym of Hesperia origenes Fabricius, 1793) was treated as a junior subjective synonym of Polites (Fig. 14). For the reasons given above for Hedone, we propose the following new or revised combinations: Limochores origenes (Fabricius, 1793), Limochores mystic (W. H. Edwards, 1863), Limochores sonora (Scudder, 1872), Limochores puxillius (Mabille, 1891), and Limochores pupillus (Plötz, 1882). Interestingly, two difficultto-distinguish species that frequently fly together at the same location, L. origenes and Polites themistocles (Latreille, [1824]), ended up in different genera. Even though their genitalia are similar, they belong to distant from each other clades in the tree (Fig. 14): P. themistocles is closely related to P. peckius, the type genus of Polites, while L. origenes is closer to L. mystic.	en	Zhang, Jing, Cong, Qian, Shen, Jinhui, Opler, Paul A., Grishin, Nick V. (2019): Changes to North American butterfly names. The Taxonomic Report of the International Lepidoptera Survey 8 (2): 1-12, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16422375
03C08780FFD8FFD3C8F6FD747810FA9E.taxon	description	Previously placed in the genus Decinea Evans, 1955 (type species Hesperia decinea Hewitson, 1876), Cobalus percosius Godman, 1900 is not monophyletic with Decinea type species, which is in the same clade with Buzyges Godman, 1900. Instead, percosius is a very close sister of the monotypic genus Oligoria Scudder, 1872 (type species Hesperia maculata W. H. Edwards, 1865) (Fig. 16), which is in the same clade with Xeniades Godman, 1900. COI barcode difference between maculata and percosius is only 4 %. Therefore, we establish a new combination: Oligoria percosius. Due to morphological and genetic DNA similarities, we additionally propose the following new combinations: Oligoria rindgei (H. Freeman, 1969), Oligoria lucifer (Hübner, [1831]), and Oligoria mustea (H. Freeman, 1979) (Fig. 16). All these species were previously placed in Decinea.	en	Zhang, Jing, Cong, Qian, Shen, Jinhui, Opler, Paul A., Grishin, Nick V. (2019): Changes to North American butterfly names. The Taxonomic Report of the International Lepidoptera Survey 8 (2): 1-12, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16422375
03C08780FFD8FFD3C8E4FF1979C3FDE7.taxon	description	Currently monotypic genus Atrytone Scudder, 1872 (type species Hesperia iowa Scudder, 1868) is sister to Problema Skinner & R. Williams, 1924 (type genus Pamphila byssus W. H. Edwards, 1880), a genus of two species, including also Hesperia bulenta Boisduval & Le Conte, [1837]. All three species are close in their genomic sequences (Fig. 15). Their genetic divergence is more consistent with them being congeners. Therefore, we treat Problema as a subgenus of Atrytone to form new or revised combinations Atrytone byssus and Atrytone bulenta.	en	Zhang, Jing, Cong, Qian, Shen, Jinhui, Opler, Paul A., Grishin, Nick V. (2019): Changes to North American butterfly names. The Taxonomic Report of the International Lepidoptera Survey 8 (2): 1-12, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.16422375
