taxonID	type	description	language	source
03C31710FFACB04A1BD5FB1BFED6F820.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Paradoxobabinskaia menglingyui sp. nov.	en	Jing, Zihuan, Zhuo, De, Liu, Xingyue (2026): Additional new taxa of Babinskaiidae (Insecta: Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous of Myanmar, with supplementary information on genital characters of the family. Zootaxa 5853 (1): 66-80, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5853.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5853.1.4
03C31710FFACB04A1BD5FB1BFED6F820.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The new genus can be distinguished from similar genera by a combination of the following characters: (1) four presectoral crossveins present in forewing and three in hind wing; (2) forewing A 1, A 2 and A 3 simple, with a short crossvein connecting CuP and A 1 at the distal 1 / 3 point of A 1 and another crossvein between A 1 and A 2; (3) hind wing CuA very short, with two branches; (4) hind wing MP 2 with branches slightly longer than crossveins between MP 1 and MP 2; (5) female sternum 6 subquadrate with a pair of long digitiform projections.	en	Jing, Zihuan, Zhuo, De, Liu, Xingyue (2026): Additional new taxa of Babinskaiidae (Insecta: Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous of Myanmar, with supplementary information on genital characters of the family. Zootaxa 5853 (1): 66-80, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5853.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5853.1.4
03C31710FFACB04A1BD5FB1BFED6F820.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The generic name Paradoxobabinskaia is derived from the Greek prefix “ paradoxo- ” (meaning “ paradoxical ”, “ strange ”, or “ contrary to expectation ”) combined with “ Babinskaia ” (the type genus name of the family Babinskaiidae). The name is feminine in gender. It refers to the unexpected finding of this new genus, as it superficially resembles several genera, but with a unique combination of characters that are distinguished from the other genera of Babinskaiidae.	en	Jing, Zihuan, Zhuo, De, Liu, Xingyue (2026): Additional new taxa of Babinskaiidae (Insecta: Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous of Myanmar, with supplementary information on genital characters of the family. Zootaxa 5853 (1): 66-80, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5853.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5853.1.4
03C31710FFACB04A1BD5FB1BFED6F820.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The new genus exhibits similarity in wing venation especially to Pseudobabinskaia. However, the new genus differs from Pseudobabinskaia by the complete separation between the forewing A 2 and A 3 (partially fused in Pseudobabinskaia), the short hind wing CuA with only two branches (with four branches in Pseudobabinskaia), the hind wing MP 2 with branches slightly longer than the crossveins between MP 1 and MP 2 (the hind wing MP 2 with branches slightly shorter than the crossveins between MP 1 and MP 2 in Pseudobabinskaia), and the female genitalia without a pair of long digitiform gonocoxites 8 (a pair of long digitiform gonocoxites 8 present in Pseudobabinskaia).	en	Jing, Zihuan, Zhuo, De, Liu, Xingyue (2026): Additional new taxa of Babinskaiidae (Insecta: Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous of Myanmar, with supplementary information on genital characters of the family. Zootaxa 5853 (1): 66-80, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5853.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5853.1.4
03C31710FFAFB0481BD5FF43FCE7F800.taxon	description	Figs. 1 – 4	en	Jing, Zihuan, Zhuo, De, Liu, Xingyue (2026): Additional new taxa of Babinskaiidae (Insecta: Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous of Myanmar, with supplementary information on genital characters of the family. Zootaxa 5853 (1): 66-80, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5853.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5853.1.4
03C31710FFAFB0481BD5FF43FCE7F800.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype BXAM-BAB- 26001, an amber piece measuring approximately 20.3 × 14.8 mm in length and width, and 4.5 mm in height, preserving a female specimen of Paradoxobabinskaia menglingyui sp. nov., together with one beetle and three dipterans; the piece is elliptical in form and polished transparent and flat.	en	Jing, Zihuan, Zhuo, De, Liu, Xingyue (2026): Additional new taxa of Babinskaiidae (Insecta: Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous of Myanmar, with supplementary information on genital characters of the family. Zootaxa 5853 (1): 66-80, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5853.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5853.1.4
03C31710FFAFB0481BD5FF43FCE7F800.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. As for the genus.	en	Jing, Zihuan, Zhuo, De, Liu, Xingyue (2026): Additional new taxa of Babinskaiidae (Insecta: Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous of Myanmar, with supplementary information on genital characters of the family. Zootaxa 5853 (1): 66-80, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5853.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5853.1.4
03C31710FFAFB0481BD5FF43FCE7F800.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet is a patronymic in honor of Mr. Lingyu Meng, the young son of a close friend of the second author. It is derived from the pinyin spelling of his name, formed in the genitive singular (menglingyui).	en	Jing, Zihuan, Zhuo, De, Liu, Xingyue (2026): Additional new taxa of Babinskaiidae (Insecta: Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous of Myanmar, with supplementary information on genital characters of the family. Zootaxa 5853 (1): 66-80, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5853.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5853.1.4
03C31710FFAFB0481BD5FF43FCE7F800.taxon	description	Description. Body length 7.0 mm; head 0.6 mm long, 1.3 mm wide; abdomen length 4.5 mm; left forewing 8.6 mm long and 2.2 mm wide; left hind wing 8.1 mm long 1.5 mm wide. Head orthognathous, subtriangular, much wider than prothorax. Compound eyes semi-globular, relatively large; ocellus not observed; antenna not preserved; prothorax covered by short hairs laterally; meso- and metathorax robust. Legs slender, densely covered with short, unspecialized setae; tarsus 5 - segmented, with tarsomere 1 being the longest; tarsomeres 2 – 4 subequal in length, slightly wider than tarsomere 1 with distal-lateral corners distinctly prominent; tarsomere 5 slender, but slightly shorter than tarsus 1, approximately twice as long as any of tarsomeres 2 – 4, while tarsus 1 about 2.5 times as long as any of tarsomeres 2 – 4; pretarsal claws simple, equal in length and shape, shorter than tarsomere 5; arolium narrow, slightly shorter than pretarsal claw. Wings narrowed, elongated, transparent and immaculate. Forewing: Single trichosor present between veins along distal margin; multiple trichosors (at least six) between veins along costal and posterior margins. Costal space ca. twice as wide as subcostal space, but much narrower than radial space, with 15 simple crossveins on proximal 3 / 4 and 17 inclined and marginally forked crossveins on distal 1 / 4; four presectoral crossveins present; RP + MA originated from R near midpoint of wing; MA diverging from RP far distad separating point of RA and RP + MA; RP with four branches; MA with a small marginal fork; MP long and nearly straight, pectinately branched at distal 1 / 5 with six branches; 13 crossveins present between MP and CuA; CuP diverging from CuA at a nearly perpendicular angle near wing base; CuA slightly zig-zagged distally along its stem and pectinately branched with ten simple branches; CuP pectinately branched with six short and simple branches; seven cua-cup crossveins present; a short cup-a 1 crossvein present at the distal 1 / 3 point of A 1; A 1, A 2 and A 3 simple; an a 1 – a 2 crossvein present. Hind wing: Trichosors as in forewing; costal space approximately twice as wide as subcostal space, with 11 simple crossveins on proximal 3 / 4 and 11 marginally forked crossveins on distal 1 / 4; subcostal crossveins absent; RP + MA originated from R near midpoint of wing; three presectoral crossveins present; MP 1 and MP 2 diverging near wing base; MP 1 long and nearly straight, with six branches; eight mp 1 – mp 2 crossveins present; MP 2 long, distally feebly zig-zagged, with at least nine simple branches, each of which is slightly longer than crossveins between MP 1 and MP 2; mp 2 - cua crossveins not observed; CuA short, with at least one simple branch; CuP and A 1 fused near wing base, short; two crossveins present between CuA and CuP. Abdomen slenderly elongate, with the medial 1 / 3 slightly widened. Female genitalia: Sternum 6 subquadrate with a pair of long digitiform projections, which are nearly as long as sternum 6, with slightly inflated, round tip; gonocoxites 8 small, subquadrate, with anterior margin concaved; tergum 9 dorsally markedly short, less than half length of tergum 8, anteroventrally with a pair of slender projections that are directed anteriad, with curved tip; gonocoxites 9 broadly valvate, with arched ventral margin and bearing soft long setae; ectoprocts short and unpaired, with rounded distal margin; subanale not observed.	en	Jing, Zihuan, Zhuo, De, Liu, Xingyue (2026): Additional new taxa of Babinskaiidae (Insecta: Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous of Myanmar, with supplementary information on genital characters of the family. Zootaxa 5853 (1): 66-80, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5853.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5853.1.4
03C31710FFA9B04F1BD5F981FC3FF86D.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Stenobabinskaia punctata Lu, Wang & Liu, 2021.	en	Jing, Zihuan, Zhuo, De, Liu, Xingyue (2026): Additional new taxa of Babinskaiidae (Insecta: Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous of Myanmar, with supplementary information on genital characters of the family. Zootaxa 5853 (1): 66-80, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5853.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5853.1.4
03C31710FFA9B04F1BD5F981FC3FF86D.taxon	diagnosis	Revised diagnosis. In addition to the generic characters given in previous studies (Lu et al. 2021; Lu et al. 2026 a), the genus Stenobabinskaia might also be defined by the following characters: At least 11 – 12 presectoral crossveins present in fore- and hind wings, with at least one of them distinctly sigmoid or oblique; hind wing CuP fused with A 1; RP stem fused with RA very close to the wing margin in forewing (confirmed in S. punctata and S. zhiqiae; not discernible in S. chenjieae due to incomplete preservation); dark spots present at distal 1 / 3 of both fore- and hind wings, mostly on crossveins between RP and MA branches.	en	Jing, Zihuan, Zhuo, De, Liu, Xingyue (2026): Additional new taxa of Babinskaiidae (Insecta: Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous of Myanmar, with supplementary information on genital characters of the family. Zootaxa 5853 (1): 66-80, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5853.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5853.1.4
03C31710FFA8B0411BD5F90DFCEDFACC.taxon	description	Figs. 5 – 8	en	Jing, Zihuan, Zhuo, De, Liu, Xingyue (2026): Additional new taxa of Babinskaiidae (Insecta: Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous of Myanmar, with supplementary information on genital characters of the family. Zootaxa 5853 (1): 66-80, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5853.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5853.1.4
03C31710FFA8B0411BD5F90DFCEDFACC.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype BXAM-BAB- 26002, an amber piece measuring approximately 34.5 × 30.5 mm in length and width, and 3.5 mm in height, preserving a nearly complete male specimen of Stenobabinskaia zhiqiae sp. nov., together with two beetles, three dipterans, one male mealybug and one thrips.	en	Jing, Zihuan, Zhuo, De, Liu, Xingyue (2026): Additional new taxa of Babinskaiidae (Insecta: Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous of Myanmar, with supplementary information on genital characters of the family. Zootaxa 5853 (1): 66-80, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5853.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5853.1.4
03C31710FFA8B0411BD5F90DFCEDFACC.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Mostly same as for the genus. Besides, 14 presectoral crossveins in both fore- and hind wings with one or two of them sigmoid and acutely angled with R; RP stem not fused with RA medially; male genitalia with subanale situated ventral to ectoprocts; male gonostylus 11 T-shaped, distally with many short spines.	en	Jing, Zihuan, Zhuo, De, Liu, Xingyue (2026): Additional new taxa of Babinskaiidae (Insecta: Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous of Myanmar, with supplementary information on genital characters of the family. Zootaxa 5853 (1): 66-80, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5853.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5853.1.4
03C31710FFA8B0411BD5F90DFCEDFACC.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The new species is dedicated to Mrs. Zhiqi Zhang, the wife of De Zhuo, who has supported the study of amber insects for her husband.	en	Jing, Zihuan, Zhuo, De, Liu, Xingyue (2026): Additional new taxa of Babinskaiidae (Insecta: Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous of Myanmar, with supplementary information on genital characters of the family. Zootaxa 5853 (1): 66-80, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5853.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5853.1.4
03C31710FFA8B0411BD5F90DFCEDFACC.taxon	description	Description. Body length 23.5 mm; head 1.44 mm long, 2.3 mm wide; diameter of compound eye 1.1 mm; antenna length 11.0 mm; abdomen length 17.6 mm; left forewing 18.2 mm long and 3.0 mm wide; left hind wing 16.6 mm long and 2.6 mm wide; right hind wing 16.9 mm long and 2.6 mm wide. Head with vertex medially domed; compound eyes large, semi-globular; antenna filiform. Prothorax much narrower than head, ca. 1.2 times as long as wide, with posterior part slightly narrowed; meso- and metathorax slightly wider than prothorax. Legs not preserved. Wings narrowly elongate; single trichosor present between veins along distal margin; wing spots present on distal part of wings, mostly on some crossveins of branching region of RP; conspicuous asymmetry between left and right wings observed in both fore- and hind wings of the specimen studied here. Left forewing: Costal space ca. twice as wide as subcostal space, but much narrower than radial space, with 26 simple crossveins on proximal 2 / 3 and at least 40 forked crossveins on distal 1 / 3; subcostal crossveins absent; 14 presectoral crossveins present, one of which sigmoid and acutely angled with R (two in right forewing); RP + MA originated from R slightly proximal to midpoint of wing; RP pectinately branched from its proximal 1 / 5 with 12 branches, the last few ones fusing together or with RA at the margin; two rp-ma crossveins between stem of RP and MA present; MA diverging from RP far distad separating point of RA and RP + MA; MP long and nearly straight, pectinately branched at distal 1 / 3 with 16 bifurcated branches; 23 crossveins present between MP and CuA; CuA and CuP diverging near wing base; CuA pectinately branched, with five branches, CuA 1, CuA 2 and CuA 3 connected by two crossveins; CuP long, proximally fused with A 1, terminating proximad level of diverging point between RP and MA, pectinately branched with 22 short and simple branches (21 branches in right forewing); 16 cua-cup crossveins present (14 in right forewing); A 2 and A 3 simple (simple and proximally fused in right forewing); cup-a 2 crossvein and a 2 – a 3 crossvein present and short; dark spots present on proximal branches of MP, CuA and most crossveins between RP and MA branches. Left hind wing: Proximally distinctly narrowed, remaining part moderately narrower than forewing; costal space narrow, with a slightly greater width than subcostal space, with 28 crossveins on proximal 2 / 3 (27 crossveins in right hind wing), and 36 crossveins and veinlets of ScP + RA on distal 1 / 3, mostly forked marginally; subcostal crossveins absent; 15 presectoral crossveins present (13 presectoral crossveins in right hind wing), one of them slightly sigmoid (one of them deeply forked and acutely angled with R in right hind wing); RP + MA originating slightly proximal to midpoint of wing; RP pectinately branched from its proximal 1 / 5 into 11 simple branches with only RP 3 forked marginally (in right hind wing 13 mostly simple branches present with RP 11 deeply forked; distal RP branches irregularly fused with each other in pairs); two rp-ma crossveins present between stem of RP and MA; six gradate series of crossveins present among branches of RP and MA at proximal half; an additional gradate and continuous series of crossveins formed an arc and went through most branches of RP and MA in distal half; MP 1 and MP 2 diverging near wing base, straight and long, both pectinately branched from its distal 1 / 3; MP 1 with 16 forked branches (18 branches in right hind wing); MP 2 with nine branches, mostly forked in distal ones (with seven branches, mostly forked marginally in right hind wing); CuA long, terminating proximad level of branching point between RP and MA, pectinately branched with 12 simple branches (16 branches in right hind wing); CuP + A 1 short and simple, connected to CuA by a crossvein; dark spots present at distal 1 / 3 of wing, mostly on crossveins between RP branches. Abdomen slenderly elongate, with narrower basal segments, distal half slightly widened. Male genitalia: Partially damaged. Tergum 9 slightly wider than long, extending ventrad. Sternum 9 not preserved. A part of putative gonocoxites 9 preserved, narrowly elongated, directed posteriad, with apex slightly widened and truncate, bearing several spines. Ectoprocts large, not separated as paired sclerites, in lateral view subquadrate, basally with a pair of ventrally protruding projections, which bear some short spines; callus cerci present on basal-lateral portion of ectoprocts, ovoid, numerous trichobothria tightly arranged. Subanale situated ventral to ectoprocts. A pair of Tshaped sclerites present beneath ectoprocts, interpreted as gonostylus 11, distally with many short spines. A partially preserved small setose sclerite present ventrad gonostylus 11.	en	Jing, Zihuan, Zhuo, De, Liu, Xingyue (2026): Additional new taxa of Babinskaiidae (Insecta: Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous of Myanmar, with supplementary information on genital characters of the family. Zootaxa 5853 (1): 66-80, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5853.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5853.1.4
03C31710FFA8B0411BD5F90DFCEDFACC.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The three species of Stenobabinskaia can be distinguished by the following characters: S. chenjieae can be readily distinguished from the other two species by a straight oblique presectoral crossvein present in both fore- and hind wings instead of at least one sigmoid and acutely angled with R, and the medial fusion of RP stem and RA in both fore- and hind wings. S. zhiqiae sp. nov. and S. punctata are primarily differentiated by the male genital characters: S. zhiqiae sp. nov. possesses the ectoprocts basally with a pair of long ventral projections, and a pair of T-shaped gonostyli 11, while S. punctata lacks such projections on ectoprocts and has the gonostyli 11 as a pair of long spinous sclerites. Furthermore, detailed comparison of S. zhiqiae sp. nov. with S. punctata also prompts a re-evaluation of wing venational characters. The original description of S. punctata characterized the hind wing CuP as “ strongly sigmoid proximally, simple ” and A 1 as “ short and simple ” (Lu et al. 2021). However, based on the configuration observed in the new specimen, we suggest that the condition in the holotype of S. punctata might be alternatively interpreted. Taphonomic artifacts or preservation limits could have led to the misinterpretation of a crossvein and the posterior section of the fused CuP + A 1 vein as an independent, sigmoid CuP, while mistakenly identifying other structures near the wing base as the A 1 vein (see Lu et al. 2021: fig. 4 c).	en	Jing, Zihuan, Zhuo, De, Liu, Xingyue (2026): Additional new taxa of Babinskaiidae (Insecta: Neuroptera) from the mid-Cretaceous of Myanmar, with supplementary information on genital characters of the family. Zootaxa 5853 (1): 66-80, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5853.1.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5853.1.4
