taxonID	type	description	language	source
03C2E37FF818A07A6B5FFF73FC7EFC14.taxon	description	(Figs 2 - 4) urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 344979 F 5 - E 632 - 4 BB 1 - 994 A- 5951 D 4748 BA 5	en	Agustí, Jordi, Piñero, Pedro, Lozano-Fernández, Iván, Jiménez-Arenas, Juan Manuel (2022): A new genus and species of arvicolid rodent (Mammalia) from the early Pleistocene of Spain. Comptes Rendus Palevol 21 (39): 847-858, DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a39, URL: https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a39
03C2E37FF818A07A6B5FFF73FC7EFC14.taxon	etymology	DERIVATIO NOMINIS. — This genus is dedicated to Prof. Miguel Ángel Mancheño (University of Murcia), who excavated the site of Quibas, a key locality for the study of Manchenomys.	en	Agustí, Jordi, Piñero, Pedro, Lozano-Fernández, Iván, Jiménez-Arenas, Juan Manuel (2022): A new genus and species of arvicolid rodent (Mammalia) from the early Pleistocene of Spain. Comptes Rendus Palevol 21 (39): 847-858, DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a39, URL: https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a39
03C2E37FF818A07A6B5FFF73FC7EFC14.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES. — Manchenomys orcensis n. sp.	en	Agustí, Jordi, Piñero, Pedro, Lozano-Fernández, Iván, Jiménez-Arenas, Juan Manuel (2022): A new genus and species of arvicolid rodent (Mammalia) from the early Pleistocene of Spain. Comptes Rendus Palevol 21 (39): 847-858, DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a39, URL: https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a39
03C2E37FF818A07A6B5FFF73FC7EFC14.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS. — Medium-sized arvicolid with simple dental pattern. Enamel-islet is not present on the m 1. Re-entrant angles are filled by abundant cement. In the lower molars the enamel differentiation is negative (Mimomys - type), that is, thicker at the posterior edges, although in some specimens it is undifferentiated. Teeth do not develop roots, with the occasional exception of some m 3. However, closure of the enamel at the base of the crown can be observed in some molars, presumably from older individuals. The A / L index ranges between 36 and 40. The B / W index ranges between 25 and 35. The C / W index ranges between 20 and 26. The M 3 is simple, with a shallow LRA 3 and absence of LRA 4. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS. — Manchenomys n. gen. presents a typical Mimomys m 1 occlusal pattern, with a short, rounded anteroconid, without BSA 4 or LSA 5. The enamel is also either negatively differentiated or undifferentiated. However, Manchenomys differs from other contemporaneous Mimomys species by absence of roots on all the molars, with the occasional exception of the m 3, in which they can appear at a late stage of development. It also differs from most Allophaiomys species in the relatively short anteroconid complex (lower values of A / L index), with the exception of Allophaiomys deucalion (Kretzoi, 1969). The M 3 of Manchenomys n. gen. shows a morphology simpler than any Allophaiomys species except A. deucalion, with a shallow LRA 3 and absence of LRA 4.	en	Agustí, Jordi, Piñero, Pedro, Lozano-Fernández, Iván, Jiménez-Arenas, Juan Manuel (2022): A new genus and species of arvicolid rodent (Mammalia) from the early Pleistocene of Spain. Comptes Rendus Palevol 21 (39): 847-858, DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a39, URL: https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a39
03C2E37FF818A07A6B5FFF73FC7EFC14.taxon	distribution	OCCURRENCE. — Early Pleistocene of southern Iberian Peninsula, c. 1.8 - 0.99 Ma.	en	Agustí, Jordi, Piñero, Pedro, Lozano-Fernández, Iván, Jiménez-Arenas, Juan Manuel (2022): A new genus and species of arvicolid rodent (Mammalia) from the early Pleistocene of Spain. Comptes Rendus Palevol 21 (39): 847-858, DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a39, URL: https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a39
03C2E37FF818A07669C0FAF4FC0CFC33.taxon	description	(Figs 2, 3) urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: E 8 F 3 F 1 F 5 - D 492 - 481 F- 82 A 8 - 315 C 10 B 249 E 3	en	Agustí, Jordi, Piñero, Pedro, Lozano-Fernández, Iván, Jiménez-Arenas, Juan Manuel (2022): A new genus and species of arvicolid rodent (Mammalia) from the early Pleistocene of Spain. Comptes Rendus Palevol 21 (39): 847-858, DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a39, URL: https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a39
03C2E37FF818A07669C0FAF4FC0CFC33.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE MATERIAL. — Holotype. FN- 3 - N 5 b- 5, isolated right m 1 (Fig. 2 A). Paratypes. m 1: FN- 3 - N 5 - 1, FN- 3 - N 5 - 2, FN- 3 - N 5 - 4, FN- 3 - N 5 a- 3, FN- 3 - N 5 a- 4, FN- 3 - N 5 a- 5, FN- 3 - N 5 a- 12, FN- 3 - N 5 a- 19, FN- 3 - N 5 b- 2, FN- 3 - N 5 b- 3, FN- 3 - N 5 b- 4, FN- 3 - N 5 b- 14, FN- 3 - N 5 b- 15, FN- 3 - N 5 c- 3, FN- 3 - N 5 c- 4.; M 3: FN- 3 - N 5 - 8, FN- 3 - N 5 a- 13, FN- 3 - N 5 a- 14, FN- 3 - N 5 a- 15, FN- 3 - N 5 c- 2.	en	Agustí, Jordi, Piñero, Pedro, Lozano-Fernández, Iván, Jiménez-Arenas, Juan Manuel (2022): A new genus and species of arvicolid rodent (Mammalia) from the early Pleistocene of Spain. Comptes Rendus Palevol 21 (39): 847-858, DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a39, URL: https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a39
03C2E37FF818A07669C0FAF4FC0CFC33.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS. — Manchenomys species with virtually arhizodont molars. Root folds can be seen in some specimens of presumably older individuals. B / W index ranges between 25 and 33, C / W index ranges between 22 and 26.	en	Agustí, Jordi, Piñero, Pedro, Lozano-Fernández, Iván, Jiménez-Arenas, Juan Manuel (2022): A new genus and species of arvicolid rodent (Mammalia) from the early Pleistocene of Spain. Comptes Rendus Palevol 21 (39): 847-858, DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a39, URL: https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a39
03C2E37FF818A07669C0FAF4FC0CFC33.taxon	etymology	DERIVATIO NOMINIS. — After Orce (Guadix-Baza Basin), a town near the section of Fuente Nueva 3.	en	Agustí, Jordi, Piñero, Pedro, Lozano-Fernández, Iván, Jiménez-Arenas, Juan Manuel (2022): A new genus and species of arvicolid rodent (Mammalia) from the early Pleistocene of Spain. Comptes Rendus Palevol 21 (39): 847-858, DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a39, URL: https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a39
03C2E37FF818A07669C0FAF4FC0CFC33.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE LOCALITY. — Level FN 3 - 5 from the Fuente Nueva 3 site, Guadix-Baza Basin (Granada, Spain). TYPE HORIZON. — Allophaiomys aff. lavocati Zone (Agustí et al. 2015 b), 1.4 - 1.07 Ma (lower boundary of the geomagnetic subchron Jaramillo), Baza Formation, early Pleistocene.	en	Agustí, Jordi, Piñero, Pedro, Lozano-Fernández, Iván, Jiménez-Arenas, Juan Manuel (2022): A new genus and species of arvicolid rodent (Mammalia) from the early Pleistocene of Spain. Comptes Rendus Palevol 21 (39): 847-858, DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a39, URL: https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a39
03C2E37FF818A07669C0FAF4FC0CFC33.taxon	diagnosis	DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS. — Manchenomys orcensis n. sp. is larger (L, W) than Manchenomys oswaldoreigi n. comb. (Table 1; Fig. 5 A) The AC 2 is also more isolated with respect to T 4 - T 5 (lower B / W values; Table 3; Fig. 5 B). Roots have not been observed in FN- 3 specimens, although a closing of the sinuous line at the base of the crown is present in some specimens. All Allophaiomys species aside from Allophaiomys deucalion differ from Manchenomys orcensis n. gen., n. sp. in their relatively longer anteroconid complex (higher A / L values; Table 3). Manchenomys orcensis n. gen., n. sp. also differs from A. deucalion in its larger size (L, W) and its more isolated AC 2 with respect to T 4 - T 5 (lower B / W values, Table 3). All examples of M 3 of Manchenomys orcensis n. gen., n. sp. present a simpler morphology than most Allophaiomys species, with a very shallow LRA 3 and absence of LRA 4. Only Allophaiomys deucalion presents an M 3 with a comparable morphology (Van der Meulen 1974: fig. 3 g). However, the M 3 of Manchenomys orcensis n. gen., n. sp. never develops a deep LRA 3 or LSA 4, as is the case for Allophaiomys deucalion M 3 s (Van der Meulen 1974: fig. 3 h).	en	Agustí, Jordi, Piñero, Pedro, Lozano-Fernández, Iván, Jiménez-Arenas, Juan Manuel (2022): A new genus and species of arvicolid rodent (Mammalia) from the early Pleistocene of Spain. Comptes Rendus Palevol 21 (39): 847-858, DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a39, URL: https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a39
03C2E37FF818A07669C0FAF4FC0CFC33.taxon	description	MEASUREMENTS. — See Tables 1, 2.	en	Agustí, Jordi, Piñero, Pedro, Lozano-Fernández, Iván, Jiménez-Arenas, Juan Manuel (2022): A new genus and species of arvicolid rodent (Mammalia) from the early Pleistocene of Spain. Comptes Rendus Palevol 21 (39): 847-858, DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a39, URL: https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a39
03C2E37FF818A07669C0FAF4FC0CFC33.taxon	materials_examined	STRATIGRAPHIC RANGE. — Early Pleistocene, Biharian Mammal Age, MmQ- 3 Mammal unit (Agustí et al. 1987).	en	Agustí, Jordi, Piñero, Pedro, Lozano-Fernández, Iván, Jiménez-Arenas, Juan Manuel (2022): A new genus and species of arvicolid rodent (Mammalia) from the early Pleistocene of Spain. Comptes Rendus Palevol 21 (39): 847-858, DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a39, URL: https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a39
03C2E37FF818A07669C0FAF4FC0CFC33.taxon	distribution	OCCURRENCE. — Manchenomys orcensis n. gen., n. sp. is present at the sites of Fuente Nueva 3 (levels FN 3 - 3, FN 3 - 4, FN 3 - 5 and FN 3 - 6; Sánchez-Bandera et al. 2020) and Barranco León D (Agustí et al. 2010 a) in the Guadix-Baza Basin (Granada), and Quibas (levels QS- 1, QS- 3, QS- 4, QC 4 - 5 and QG- 1; Piñero et al. 2015, 2020) in the Quibas karstic complex (Murcia), southern Spain.	en	Agustí, Jordi, Piñero, Pedro, Lozano-Fernández, Iván, Jiménez-Arenas, Juan Manuel (2022): A new genus and species of arvicolid rodent (Mammalia) from the early Pleistocene of Spain. Comptes Rendus Palevol 21 (39): 847-858, DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a39, URL: https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a39
03C2E37FF818A07669C0FAF4FC0CFC33.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION The m 1 of Ma. orcensis n. gen., n. sp. from Fuente Nueva 3 displays an anteroconid cap (AC 2), five alternating triangles and a posterior lobe. All the re-entrant angles are filled with abundant cement. The anteroconid is short and wide in 14 m 1 s. Enamel is always lacking in the anterior half of the wall of the anteroconid complex. Specimens show negative enamel differentiation, with the exception of one specimen with undifferentiated enamel. The T 4 is wider and in some cases shorter than the T 5. LRA 4 and BRA 3 are well developed, therefore constraining the connection between AC 2 and the T 4 - T 5 dentine fields. The T 4 and T 5 alternate, although they are usually widely confluent. Dentine channels between the posterior lobe, T 1, T 2, T 3 and T 4 are very narrow. Lower first molars from different levels of the Quibas section present the same morphology as those from Fuente Nueva 3. However, in two m 1 s from Quibas a Mimomyan-ridge is present (levels QS- 1 and QS- 3; Fig. 3 C). In addition, the number of teeth showing undifferentiated enamel is higher (8 out of 28 m 1). Examples of M 3 from Fuente Nueva 3 show an occlusal pattern composed of a transverse anterior lobe, two alternating triangles (T 2 - T 3) and a posterior cap (PC 1). There is always a relatively wide connection between T 3 and PC 1. The PC 1 is simple, in some cases rounded. Some M 3 s present a very shallow LRA 3, while it is lacking in others. No M 3 expresses LSA 4. Other than FN 3 - 5, the remaining M 3 s from the levels FN 3 - 3 and FN 3 - 6 of the Fuente Nueva 3 section present a similar dental pattern. This is also the case for the three specimens coming from the levels QS- 1, QS- 3 and QC 4 - 5 from the section of Quibas.	en	Agustí, Jordi, Piñero, Pedro, Lozano-Fernández, Iván, Jiménez-Arenas, Juan Manuel (2022): A new genus and species of arvicolid rodent (Mammalia) from the early Pleistocene of Spain. Comptes Rendus Palevol 21 (39): 847-858, DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a39, URL: https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a39
03C2E37FF818A07669C0FAF4FC0CFC33.taxon	discussion	REMARKS The first occurrence of Manchenomys n. gen. (Ma. oswaldoreigi n. comb.) is recorded at the post-Olduvai site of Barranco de los Conejos (Guadix-Baza Basin; Agustí et al. 2013). This species is also present at other coeval levels of the Mimomys (now Manchenomys) oswaldoreigi Zone in the Guadix-Baza Basin, such as Cortes de Baza 1 and Fuentecica 5 (Agustí et al. 1999, 2015 b; Oms et al. 2000 a; Fig. 4). In the Guadix-Baza Basin, Manchenomys n. gen. seems to be absent at the levels of the Allophaiomys ruffoi Zone, such as Venta Micena 1 and 2, Orce 7 and Cañada de Murcia 1 (Agustí et al. 2015 b). However, a form close to Manchenomys oswaldoreigi n. comb. appears to be associated with Allophaiomys ruffoi (Pasa, 1947) in the early Pleistocene sites of Huétor-Tajar and Tojaire in the nearby Granada Basin (García-Alix et al. 2009). Venta Micena has been dated to c. 1.4 Ma (Duval et al. 2011), the lower boundary of the Allophaiomys ruffoi Zone can be extended to 1.6 Ma (Agustí et al. 2015 b). Manchenomys orcensis n. gen., n. sp. reappears at the late early Pleistocene levels of Fuente Nueva 3 and Barranco Leon D, associated with the arvicolid rodents Mimomys savini Hinton, 1910 and Allophaiomys aff. lavocati (Allophaiomys aff. lavocati Zone; Agustí et al. 2015 a, b; Sánchez Bandera et al. 2020). These sites, which record the earliest hominin presence in Europe, have been dated between 1.4 - 1.2 Ma (Oms et al. 2011; Duval et al. 2012; Toro-Moyano et al. 2013; Lozano-Fernández et al. 2015). Manchenomys orcensis n. gen., n. sp. is still present in the lower levels of the section of Quibas, covering the Matuyama-Jaramillo transition at 1.07 Ma. However, it is already absent from the post-Jaramillo upper level of this section (QS- 7, between 0.99 and 0.78 Ma), the last occurrence of this species being recorded within the Jaramillo geomagnetic subchron (Piñero et al. 2020, 2022). Therefore, the stratigraphic range of Manchenomys n. gen. covers the whole upper Matuyama geomagnetic chron between the Olduvai and Jaramillo subchrons (Fig. 6). The persistence of Manchenomys n. gen. in the late early Pleistocene of southern Spain parallels a similar persistence of small-sized Mimomys [Mimomys pusillus (Mehely, 1914), Mimomys blanci Van der Meulen, 1973] in the late early Pleistocene of western (including Italy) and central Europe, in all the cases associated with late representatives of Mimomys savini (Van der Meulen 1973). Previous to the findings of Fuente Nueva 3 and Quibas, Agustí et al. (1993 a) already defined a new species of Mimomys characterized by its arhizodont molars, with the rare exception of the lower m 3, at the site of Gilena 2, again in southern Spain. The inclusion of M. oswaldoreigi within the genus Mimomys was always problematic, provided the practical absence of roots in its molars. The appearence of a more derived arhizodont vole, Manchenomys orcensis, in younger levels enables us to clarify the position of M. oswaldoreigi, as a first member of an independent, endemic lineage of arhizodont voles. Therefore, the new combination Manchenomys oswaldoreigi is presented in this paper.	en	Agustí, Jordi, Piñero, Pedro, Lozano-Fernández, Iván, Jiménez-Arenas, Juan Manuel (2022): A new genus and species of arvicolid rodent (Mammalia) from the early Pleistocene of Spain. Comptes Rendus Palevol 21 (39): 847-858, DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a39, URL: https://doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2022v21a39
