identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03C466223B7FFFE3FF4A36628F1E2915.text	03C466223B7FFFE3FF4A36628F1E2915.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Holocentropus vottakvot Melnitsky, Ivanov & Perkovsky 2024	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Holocentropus vottakvot Melnitsky, Ivanov &amp; Perkovsky sp. n.</p>
            <p>https://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: A1330EF4-09AE-4391-8958-AC419307FF4D</p>
            <p>(Figs 1, 2, 9 A)</p>
            <p> Type material:   Holotype. Male. SIZK CC –53, SIZK CC –53A,  Stare Selo , Rovno amber, late Eocene. </p>
            <p>Description. Body length 4.7 mm, forewing length 5.8 mm. Head, antennae and wings light brown. Thorax, legs and abdomen brown. Lateral sternal processes of sternum V with large basal part, apex not pointed.</p>
            <p>Male genitalia. Inferior appendages wide with narrowed finger-like dorsal part. Posterior ventral surface of inferior appendage slightly convex with small medial tubercle. Segment X with ventrolateral bundles of straight strong setae. Dorsal part of this segment projects backwards with small incision on the posterior margin. Ventral processes of segment X long, fused from the base to the medial part, pointed apical parts project beyond in the shape of a swallowtail. Phallobase short, endophallus with curved spine near the apex and several spine-like processes in the middle part.</p>
            <p> Comparison. The new species differs from  Holocentropus scissus Ulmer, 1912 , which appears to be the closest to it, by the shape of the inferior appendages: in  H. scissus , the medial part of inferior appendage with deep lateral incision. Thus, the inferior appendages are divided into 3 parts.  Holocentropus vottakvot sp. nov. has the larger fused ventral processes of the segment X compared to the  H. scissus . </p>
            <p> Etymology. The specific name  vottakvot is indeclinable and must not agree in gender with its generic name; it derives from Russian and means “so that is” or “there you have it”. Distribution. Priabonian Rovno amber. Remarks. The specimen was found in the piece of amber 8.3 g after primary treatment. Syninclusions: SIZK CC–53 –  Chironomidae, SIZK CC –54 –  Sciaridae . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C466223B7FFFE3FF4A36628F1E2915	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Melnitsky, Stanislav I.;Ivanov, Vladimir D.;Vasilenko, Evgeny E. Perkovsky Dmitry V.;Legalov, Andrei A.	Melnitsky, Stanislav I., Ivanov, Vladimir D., Vasilenko, Evgeny E. Perkovsky Dmitry V., Legalov, Andrei A. (2024): The new species of Holocentropus, Plectrocnemia and Phryganea (Insecta: Trichoptera) from Eocene Rovno amber. Ecologica Montenegrina 80: 1-12, DOI: 10.37828/em.2024.80.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2024.80.1
03C466223B7DFFE4FF4A32C489162D2C.text	03C466223B7DFFE4FF4A32C489162D2C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Plectrocnemia pluripotentia Melnitsky, Ivanov & Perkovsky 2024	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Plectrocnemia pluripotentia Melnitsky, Ivanov &amp; Perkovsky sp. n.</p>
            <p>https://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: C2CBD778-62BF-4CEB-8386-462865177C39</p>
            <p>(Figs 3, 4, 9 B)</p>
            <p> Type material:   Holotype. Male. SIZK K–27466,  Klesov , Rovno amber, late Eocene. </p>
            <p>Description. Body length 3.1 mm; forewing length 4.0 mm. Head and antennae yellowish, thorax, legs, abdomen, and wings brown with light brown hairs. Head with light hairs.</p>
            <p>Male genitalia. Inferior appendages elongate with large lobe-shaped oval flat extension at the apex. Posterior margin of segment X on caudal view with membranous body and two small spines directed forward, there are two small sclerotized areas under this lobe. Membranous body of segment X is located near the oval extended apex of inferior appendages. The apex of the aedeagus is pointed, sclerotized, curved downwards.</p>
            <p> Comparison. The new species has some similarity with  Plectrocnemia ventralis Ulmer, 1912 and differs from it in the shape of dorsal complex of genitalia:  P. ventralis has two powerful spines of segment 10 directed backwards, the new species has smaller spines directed other way. Ulmer (1912) suggested presence of the color variation in  P. ventralis : some specimens were black and some were amber yellow. We have the brown-tinted type specimen. The difference might be related to species distinction, although may represent different degree of preservation. </p>
            <p> Etymology. The specific name  pluripotentia from Latin (pluralis – multiple and potentia – possibility, ability, strength). </p>
            <p>Distribution. Priabonian Rovno amber.</p>
            <p>Remarks. The specimen was found in the small piece of amber (1.3 g after primary treatment) from Pugach quarry (Mitov et al. 2021).</p>
            <p> Phryganeidae Leach, 1815</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C466223B7DFFE4FF4A32C489162D2C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Melnitsky, Stanislav I.;Ivanov, Vladimir D.;Vasilenko, Evgeny E. Perkovsky Dmitry V.;Legalov, Andrei A.	Melnitsky, Stanislav I., Ivanov, Vladimir D., Vasilenko, Evgeny E. Perkovsky Dmitry V., Legalov, Andrei A. (2024): The new species of Holocentropus, Plectrocnemia and Phryganea (Insecta: Trichoptera) from Eocene Rovno amber. Ecologica Montenegrina 80: 1-12, DOI: 10.37828/em.2024.80.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2024.80.1
03C466223B7AFFEBFF4A36FB88662BD0.text	03C466223B7AFFEBFF4A36FB88662BD0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phryganea vkoivekiraz Melnitsky, Ivanov & Perkovsky 2024	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Phryganea vkoivekiraz Melnitsky, Ivanov &amp; Perkovsky sp. n.</p>
            <p>https://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: B79DED16-A1C3-4CE8-AF3D-4AD7569622A8</p>
            <p>(Figs 5 – 8, 9 C, D)</p>
            <p> Type material:  Holotype. Male. SIZK UA –28653, Rovno Oblast, Rovno amber, late Eocene.</p>
            <p>Description. Body length 9.0 mm; forewing length 9.5 mm. Head, antennae, legs, thorax and wings light brown. Abdomen yellowish. Wings with white hairs. Warts of head and thorax with long brown hairs. Hind wings with F 2 in the middle part two times wider than F1.</p>
            <p>Male genitalia. Inferior appendages consist of irregularly triangular distally rounded ventral part, dorsal part absent. Two long pointed processes visible on the sides of the phallobase are associated with the segment X. The lateral appendages (Wichard 2013; lateral appendages of X segment in Wiggins 1998) strongly sclerotized and pointed. The phallobase is narrow on ventral view and very wide on lateral view.</p>
            <p> Comparison. The new species is similar to  Phryganea picea (Pictet, 1856) from Baltic amber in presence of four pointed projections in the male genitalia. The new species differs from it by the structure of the inferior appendages without deep caudal incision and in the shape of lateral appendages pointed in the new species. </p>
            <p> Etymology. The specific name  vkoivekiraz is indeclinable and must not agree in gender with its generic name; it derives from Russian and means “only once”. Distribution. Priabonian Rovno amber. Remarks. The specimen is found in the piece of amber (weight 5.0 g) obtained from Mykola Khomych (Rovno). </p>
            <p> Syninclusions: SIZK UA–28653 -  Staphylinidae : Scydmaenitae, SIZK UA–28654 – </p>
            <p> Psychodidae, SIZK UA –28655 –  Chironomidae . </p>
            <p> Both described Rovno pieces with  Phryganeidae have Scydmaenitae as syninclusions as well as dipterans from  Sciara zone (Perkovsky 2017b, this paper), i. e. both most probably originated on the lower part of the trunk (Perkovsky et al. 2012). </p>
            <p>Abbreviations: X – 10 th segment, aed – aedeagus, eia – flat extension of inferior appendages, ia – inferior appendages, lp – lateral appendages, pb – phallobase, pX – process of segment X, spX – spines of segment X, vpX – ventral process of segment X.</p>
            <p>Discussion</p>
            <p>Caddisflies are the only group of aquatic insects from Rovno amber that has been studied in detail (e. g., Zelentsov et al. 2012; Perkovsky 2013, 2017a; Baranov et al. 2014, 2016; Perkovsky &amp; Sukhomlin 2015; Ivanov et al. 2016; Giłka et al. 2021; Martynov et al. 2022). They are not directly associated with the amber forest and among them a fairly high proportion of cryophobic insects is found (Melnitsky et al. 2024a, 2024с). It is therefore not surprising that this fauna has a high proportion of taxa unknown from Baltic amber (see Legalov et al. 2024 a, 2024b). Our data suggest 5 genera of 21 (23.8%) and 34 species of 46 (73.9%) (Melnitsky et al. 2024b; this paper).</p>
            <p> The prevailing family in the Rovno fauna of  Trichoptera is the family  Polycentropodidae , that were dominant group of caddisflies in the microthermal regions (with Mean Annual Temperature lower than 13 °C) of Eurasia and North America at least since Upper Cretaceous until end of Eocene (Ivanov et al. 2016; Perkovsky 2022). This family makes 54.4% of the species known from Rovno (Melnitsky et al. 2024b, and this paper). Some 68% species of  Polycentropodidae known from Rovno were not found in the Baltic amber compared to 80.5% of species belonging to all other  Trichoptera families. Hence, a half of the Rovno endemics belong to this family. Among the genus  Holocentropus , which is most closely associated with microthermal regions, only 6 of 11 species (54.6%) are endemic, while in the genus  Plectrocnemia known in tropics since the mid-Cretaceous (Ross 2024) five of seven species (71.4%) are endemic. </p>
            <p> Phryganeidae is an extratropical family the only of the kind that shows obvious faunal differences in the European amber faunas at the genus level (Ivanov et al. 2016). The genus  Phryganea is the first Rovno genus of its family, common with the Baltic amber. This family is represented in the Baltic amber by almost the same number of individuals (70 vs. 74), studied by Ulmer (1912), as the genus  Nyctiophylax Brauer, 1865 , the most species rich genus in Baltic amber (Melnitsky et al. 2024b). At the same time, 80% of the Baltic phryganeids examined by Ulmer were identified as  Phryganea picea Pictet, 1856 ; contrary, only 29.7% of the individuals studied by Ulmer (1912) belong to abundant  Nyctiophylax varians Ulmer, 1912 , also the only species of the genus known from two amber faunas. Since the Baltic amber species of  Nyctiophylax were 2–5 times smaller than the Baltic  Phryganeidae , the larger caddisflies were underrepresented in the fossil resins. The fore wing length in the amber species described by Ulmer was 9–19 mm, while the Priabonian fossil imprints from Florissant Formation the wing size were 19–24 mm (Cockerell 1913, 1914), and the extant  Phryganea imagines are sufficiently larger with wing length up to 32 mm. In Florissant, phryganeids make up 5% of all caddisflies, the same as psychomyids (Ivanov et al. 2016), while they make up only 1.4% of the Baltic caddisflies studied by Ulmer and 1.6% of the Rovno caddisflies identified to family (our data). Indirect evidence of their rarity in amber is also the fact that Wichard (2013) not only did not describe new phryganeids, but also did not use new finds to redescribe already known species; phryganeids are not indicated from Bitterfeld and Danish amber (Ivanov et al. 2016). At the same time, phryganeids are among the few families of caddisflies whose larvae are known from Baltic amber (Wichard 2013). Large, well-preserved phryganeids can only be found in large pieces of amber and are of great collection value; very few such pieces with inclusions are known from Bitterfeld and Danish amber. The only large undescribed phryganeid in a large piece of Rovno amber is kept in the private collection of Viktor Gusakov from Moscow Region (Perkovsky 2017b). </p>
            <p> Holocentropus vottakvot sp. n. is the fourth caddisfly species known from the Varash District. Three of them (75%) belong to the  Polycentropodidae . One of the latter species,  Holocentropus atratus (Pictet, 1856) , is known from Baltic amber, but is not recorded from the best-studied Klesov deposit; the other three species are known only from the Varash District. The peculiarity of the caddisfly fauna confirms the need for an in-depth study of inclusions from the Varash District, where numerous interesting new specimens are constantly being sampled (Anisyutkin et al. 2024; Vilhelmsen et al. 2024; Melnitsky et al. 2024b, 2024с and references therein). </p>
            <p> Earlier we supposed that the warm-adapted caddisflies represent a majority of the taxa endemic for Rovno amber (Melnitsky et al. 2024c). However,  Leptoceridae ,  Hydroptilidae and  Helicopsychidae taken together account for only 21.7% of caddisfly species in Rovno amber. The proportion of species in these families is higher than in the Baltic amber (14.4%), and 90% of the species are endemic, but this is still not enough to absorb the majority of endemics in Rovno amber. The climate of the Rovno amber forest, although warmer than that of the Baltic, was still equable (Jenkins Shaw et al. 2024; Chemyreva et al. 2024), and temperate taxa predominated there (Perkovsky 2016, 2017a). Previously, the presence of groups in the fauna of European ambers that are boreal or cold adapted in the modern fauna was indicated, in particular, by species of the genus  Lype McLachlan, 1878 , representatives of the families  Phryganeidae ,  Molannidae , and  Beraeidae (Ivanov et al. 2016) . These taxa include only 7.9% of the species of Baltic amber and 10.9% of the species of Rovno amber, although  Lype sericea (Pictet, 1856) is the third most abundant amber species (Ivanov et al. 2016). The greatest number of new findings in European amber should be expected in the most abundant and species-rich genera of polycentropodids. The most promising are  Holocentropus , very species rich genus in European amber with 21 species in Baltic, 11 in Rovno, and 5 endemic species in Bitterfeld fossil resin, and  Plectrocnemia , the most diverse genus in European amber having 35 species: 23 in Baltic, 8 in Rovno, 6 endemic in Bitterfeld amber (Ivanov et al. 2016; Melnitsky &amp; Ivanov 2019, 2024; Melnitsky et al. 2024b). </p>
            <p>Acknowledgements</p>
            <p>We thank Alexandr P. Rasnitsyn (Paleontological Institute, Moscow, Russia) for useful discussion and anonymous reviewers for improving the overall quality of the manuscript.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C466223B7AFFEBFF4A36FB88662BD0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Melnitsky, Stanislav I.;Ivanov, Vladimir D.;Vasilenko, Evgeny E. Perkovsky Dmitry V.;Legalov, Andrei A.	Melnitsky, Stanislav I., Ivanov, Vladimir D., Vasilenko, Evgeny E. Perkovsky Dmitry V., Legalov, Andrei A. (2024): The new species of Holocentropus, Plectrocnemia and Phryganea (Insecta: Trichoptera) from Eocene Rovno amber. Ecologica Montenegrina 80: 1-12, DOI: 10.37828/em.2024.80.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.37828/em.2024.80.1
