taxonID	type	description	language	source
03C45F4E27551405FF153BDBFADCFD13.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Allopteroneura burmana Lu, Zhang & Liu sp. nov.	en	Lu, Xiumei, Hu, Jiahui, Wang, Bo, Zhang, Weiwei, Ohl, Michael, Liu, Xingyue (2019): New antlions (Insecta: Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) from the mid-Cretaceous of Myanmar and their phylogenetic implications. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 17 (14): 1215-1232, DOI: 10.1080/14772019.2018.1517132, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2018.1517132
03C45F4E27551405FF153BDBFADCFD13.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The new genus is characterized by the following combination of characters: (1) forewing elongated, leaf-like with acuminated apex (shared with Cratoneura, Cratoalloneura and Phylloleon gen. nov.; forewing relatively broader with rounded apical margin in other araripeneurine genera); (2) forewing costal space remarkably widened medially (shared with Phylloleon gen. nov.; feebly and gradually widened in other araripeneurine genera); (3) elongate infra radial cell (shared with Araripeneura, Caririneura, Cratoneura, Cratoalloneura; short in other araripeneurine genera); (4) MA diverging from RP greatly distad basal radial cell, with seven radial crossveins present before origin of MA from RP þ MA (shared with Cratoneura and Caldasia, but with 5 – 10 radial crossveins in the former genus and over 10 in the latter genus; at or near basal radial cell in the other Araripeneurinae genera, with less than five crossveins); (5) forewing MP 2 þ CuA branches distinctly zig-zagged, with many curving crossveins between stem and branches of MP 2 þ CuA (straight and lacking aforementioned curving crossveins in other araripeneurine genera).	en	Lu, Xiumei, Hu, Jiahui, Wang, Bo, Zhang, Weiwei, Ohl, Michael, Liu, Xingyue (2019): New antlions (Insecta: Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) from the mid-Cretaceous of Myanmar and their phylogenetic implications. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 17 (14): 1215-1232, DOI: 10.1080/14772019.2018.1517132, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2018.1517132
03C45F4E27551405FF153BDBFADCFD13.taxon	etymology	Etymology. From allos (Greek, meaning ‘ different’), pteros (Greek, meaning ‘ wing’) and neuron (Greek, meaning ‘ nerve’, being as a frequent suffix of the genus-group name of Neuroptera). The name is an allusion to the abnormal wing shape of the species included in the genus. Gender feminine.	en	Lu, Xiumei, Hu, Jiahui, Wang, Bo, Zhang, Weiwei, Ohl, Michael, Liu, Xingyue (2019): New antlions (Insecta: Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) from the mid-Cretaceous of Myanmar and their phylogenetic implications. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 17 (14): 1215-1232, DOI: 10.1080/14772019.2018.1517132, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2018.1517132
03C45F4E27551405FF153BDBFADCFD13.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The new genus belongs to Araripeneurinae sensu lato based on the distally dilated antennae, the presence of elongate hypostigmal cell, and the absence of forewing presectorial crossveins. Furthermore, the new genus is placed in the tribe Cratoalloneurini owing to the morphological similarity to Cratoneura Martins-Neto and Cratoalloneura Martins-Neto (Martins-Neto & Vulcano 1989 a; Martins-Neto 1992 a, 1994), and these genera share the leaf-like wings and many wing venational characters according to the phylogenetic analysis. However, Allopteroneura gen. nov. can be distinguished from Cratoalloneura by the origin of forewing MA from RP þ MA distantly apart from the basal radial cell. The new genus also differs from Cratoneura longissima, which is the type species of Cratoneura, by the zig-zagged forewing MP 2 þ CuA branches and relatively long forewing CuP. It is noteworthy that three species of Cratoneura (i. e. C. dividens, C. minor and C. pulchella) are distinguished from C. longissima by having the zig-zagged forewing CuA branches and the relatively long forewing CuP (see Martins-Neto 1997, fig. 3 A), both characters shared by Allopteroneura gen. nov. Therefore, these three Cratoneura species from the Lower Cretaceous of Brazil may belong to Allopteroneura gen. nov. or be separated from C. longissima as a distinct genus.	en	Lu, Xiumei, Hu, Jiahui, Wang, Bo, Zhang, Weiwei, Ohl, Michael, Liu, Xingyue (2019): New antlions (Insecta: Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) from the mid-Cretaceous of Myanmar and their phylogenetic implications. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 17 (14): 1215-1232, DOI: 10.1080/14772019.2018.1517132, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2018.1517132
03C45F4E27551402FCB038A2FB9FF8E4.taxon	description	(Figs 1, 2)	en	Lu, Xiumei, Hu, Jiahui, Wang, Bo, Zhang, Weiwei, Ohl, Michael, Liu, Xingyue (2019): New antlions (Insecta: Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) from the mid-Cretaceous of Myanmar and their phylogenetic implications. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 17 (14): 1215-1232, DOI: 10.1080/14772019.2018.1517132, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2018.1517132
03C45F4E27551402FCB038A2FB9FF8E4.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. As for the genus.	en	Lu, Xiumei, Hu, Jiahui, Wang, Bo, Zhang, Weiwei, Ohl, Michael, Liu, Xingyue (2019): New antlions (Insecta: Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) from the mid-Cretaceous of Myanmar and their phylogenetic implications. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 17 (14): 1215-1232, DOI: 10.1080/14772019.2018.1517132, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2018.1517132
03C45F4E27551402FCB038A2FB9FF8E4.taxon	materials_examined	Material. Holotype, EMTG BU- 002082, amber piece preserving a partly preserved adult of Allopteroneura burmana, together with several springtails, beetles, hymenopterans, dipterans, mites and spiders. It is polished in the form of a flattened rectangle cabochon, with length × width about 45.0 × 38.0 mm, height about 8.0 mm.	en	Lu, Xiumei, Hu, Jiahui, Wang, Bo, Zhang, Weiwei, Ohl, Michael, Liu, Xingyue (2019): New antlions (Insecta: Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) from the mid-Cretaceous of Myanmar and their phylogenetic implications. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 17 (14): 1215-1232, DOI: 10.1080/14772019.2018.1517132, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2018.1517132
03C45F4E27551402FCB038A2FB9FF8E4.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet ‘ burmana ’ refers to the occurrence of the new species in mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber. An adjective in the feminine gender.	en	Lu, Xiumei, Hu, Jiahui, Wang, Bo, Zhang, Weiwei, Ohl, Michael, Liu, Xingyue (2019): New antlions (Insecta: Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) from the mid-Cretaceous of Myanmar and their phylogenetic implications. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 17 (14): 1215-1232, DOI: 10.1080/14772019.2018.1517132, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2018.1517132
03C45F4E27551402FCB038A2FB9FF8E4.taxon	description	Description. Body length 16.15 mm; head 0.61 mm long and 2.25 mm wide; distance between compound eyes 0.97 mm; diameter of compound eye 0.37 mm; antenna length 4.86 mm; prothorax 1.49 mm long and 0.87 mm wide; mesothorax 1.52 mm long and 2.14 mm wide; metathorax 0.99 mm long and 2.24 mm wide; preserved part of left forewing 27.99 mm long and 6.54 mm wide; preserved part of right hind wing 13.67 mm long and 6.22 mm wide; preserved part of abdomen 11.70 mm long. Head orthognathous. Compound eyes large, semi-globular; diameter of eyes much shorter than distance between compound eyes. Antenna clubbed, nearly as long as length of head plus thorax; flagellomere about twice as long as wide. Prothorax slightly widened posteriad, much longer but narrower than head; meso- and metathorax robust, metathorax almost as wide as mesothorax. Wings elongated, transparent and immaculate. Forewing leaf-like, elongated, with narrow wing base and acuminated apex. Costal space quite narrow proximally, but strongly widened medially, and again slightly narrowed distad, with 37 preserved simple veinlets; costal space much wider than subcostal space, but narrower than RA space. ScA absent; ScP and RA fused together before reaching to wing apex; subcostal crossveins absent. Presectorial crossveins absent. Hypostigmal cell incompletely preserved, but apparently long. RP þ MA originating slightly distad wing base; RP and MA diverging almost from wing midpoint; RP pectinately branched from its mid-length, with a few crossveins allied as a longitudinal line; 22 crossveins present in RA space; infra radial cell thin and long. M proximally leaving a short oblique stem of MA that is fused with R near wing base; MA distally with five branches. MP 1 long, almost straight for a long distance, distally slightly curved, with three branches. Base of MP 2 (oblique vein) present proximad of initial branching point of MP 2 þ CuA. CuA and CuP diverging near wing base; MP 2 þ CuA pectinately branched from proximal 1 / 4, with 11 strongly zig-zagged branches, among which a series of curving crossveins are present and form eight subtrapezoidal cells with stem and branches of CuA; distal fork of branch of MP 2 þ CuA nearly rectangular; CuP pectinately branched into five simple branches; six cua-cup crossveins present. A 1 proximally parallel to but not fused into CuP, distally with two simple branches; A 2 þ A 3 short, proximally quite approximating and parallel to A 1, with three branches. Hind wing partly preserved. Costal space broad, much broader than that of forewing. Presectorial crossveins absent. Seven crossveins present in RA space. MP diverging into MP 1 and MP 2 at wing base. CuP pectinately branched. Legs slender and long; femora, tibiae and tarsi bearing several long spinous setae, which are much longer on tibiae (almost half-length of tibia) than those on femora and tarsi, tibial spurs slightly longer and stronger than tibial spinous setae, and slightly longer than tarsomere 1; numerous short spinous setae also present along tibiae and tarsi; tarsus slightly longer than tibia, 5 - segmented, tarsomere 1 longest, tarsomeres 2 and 3 almost equal in length, tarsomere 4 shortest and only half-length of tarsomere 3, tarsomere 5 slightly shorter than tarsomere 1; paired simple pretarsal claws present, prolonged and distally curved, opposable on last tarsomere; arolium absent. Abdomen slenderly elongate, almost 3 / 4 × body length; anterior three segments much thinner than remaining segments. Genitalia not preserved.	en	Lu, Xiumei, Hu, Jiahui, Wang, Bo, Zhang, Weiwei, Ohl, Michael, Liu, Xingyue (2019): New antlions (Insecta: Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) from the mid-Cretaceous of Myanmar and their phylogenetic implications. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 17 (14): 1215-1232, DOI: 10.1080/14772019.2018.1517132, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2018.1517132
03C45F4E27551402FCB038A2FB9FF8E4.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Considering the aforementioned morphological similarity between Allopteroneura gen. nov. and the three species of Cratoneura, the new species differs from C. dividens, C. minor and C. pulchella by the configuration of the forewing MP 2 þ CuA branching area, particularly the presence of eight subtrapezoidal cells along its stem.	en	Lu, Xiumei, Hu, Jiahui, Wang, Bo, Zhang, Weiwei, Ohl, Michael, Liu, Xingyue (2019): New antlions (Insecta: Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) from the mid-Cretaceous of Myanmar and their phylogenetic implications. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 17 (14): 1215-1232, DOI: 10.1080/14772019.2018.1517132, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2018.1517132
03C45F4E27531403FF0B3AD9FAEBFEF3.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Phylloleon elegans Lu, Wang & Liu sp. nov.	en	Lu, Xiumei, Hu, Jiahui, Wang, Bo, Zhang, Weiwei, Ohl, Michael, Liu, Xingyue (2019): New antlions (Insecta: Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) from the mid-Cretaceous of Myanmar and their phylogenetic implications. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 17 (14): 1215-1232, DOI: 10.1080/14772019.2018.1517132, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2018.1517132
03C45F4E27531403FF0B3AD9FAEBFEF3.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The new genus is characterized by the following combination of characters: (1) forewing leaf-like with acuminate apex (shared with Cratoneura, Cratoalloneura and Allopteroneura gen. nov.; forewing broad with rounded apical margin in other araripeneurine genera); (2) forewing costal space remarkably widened medially (shared with Allopteroneura gen. nov.; feebly and gradually widened in other araripeneurine genera); (3) short infra radial cell (shared with most araripeneurine genera except for Allopteroneura gen. nov., Araripeneura, Caririneura, Cratoneura and Cratoalloneura); (4) MA diverging from RP greatly distad basal radial cell and also distad wing midpoint, with 5 – 8 radial crossveins between basal radial cell and origin of MA from RP þ MA (not present in other araripeneurine genera); (5) initial branching point of forewing MP 2 þ CuA slightly distad diverging point of RP þ MA from R (shared with Burmaneura, Choromyrmeleon, and several araripeneurine genera, including Cratopteryx, and Paracaririneura; initial branching point of forewing MP 2 þ CuA not distad diverging point of RP þ MA from R in other araripeneurine genera); (6) 6 – 7 presectorial crossveins present in hind wing (shared with Caririneura; only one present in Burmaneura and Nanoleon gen. nov., but absent in other araripeneurine genera).	en	Lu, Xiumei, Hu, Jiahui, Wang, Bo, Zhang, Weiwei, Ohl, Michael, Liu, Xingyue (2019): New antlions (Insecta: Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) from the mid-Cretaceous of Myanmar and their phylogenetic implications. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 17 (14): 1215-1232, DOI: 10.1080/14772019.2018.1517132, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2018.1517132
03C45F4E27531403FF0B3AD9FAEBFEF3.taxon	etymology	Etymology. From phyllos (Greek, meaning ‘ leaf’) and leon (Greek, meaning ‘ lion’, being as a frequent suffix of the genus-group name of Myrmeleontidae). An allusion to the leaf-like forewing. Gender neutral.	en	Lu, Xiumei, Hu, Jiahui, Wang, Bo, Zhang, Weiwei, Ohl, Michael, Liu, Xingyue (2019): New antlions (Insecta: Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) from the mid-Cretaceous of Myanmar and their phylogenetic implications. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 17 (14): 1215-1232, DOI: 10.1080/14772019.2018.1517132, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2018.1517132
03C45F4E27531403FF0B3AD9FAEBFEF3.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Placement of the new genus in Araripeneurinae sensu lato of Myrmeleontidae is mainly based on the distally dilated antennae, the presence of elongate hypostigmal cell, and the absence of forewing presectorial crossveins. The new genus resembles the genera belonging to the tribe Cratoalloneurini based on the elongated leaf-like wings and the wide costal space. However, Phylloneura gen. nov. can be distinguished from the other genera of Cratoalloneurini by the short forewing infra radial cell, the absence of the longitudinally directed outer gradate series of crossveins, the diverging point of forewing MP 2 þ CuA distad origin of RP þ MA, and the presence of 6 – 7 presectorial crossveins in hind wing. Notably, the new genus and Paracaririneura from the Lower Cretaceous of Brazil shares the short forewing infra radial cell that is widely apart from basal radial cell and the forewing MP 2 þ CuA with initial branching point relatively distad the origin of RP þ MA, and it shares the presence of 6 – 7 hind wing presectorial crossveins with Caririneura microcephala (also from the Lower Cretaceous of Brazil). However, Phylloleon gen. nov. distinctly differs from the above taxa by the leaf-like forewings.	en	Lu, Xiumei, Hu, Jiahui, Wang, Bo, Zhang, Weiwei, Ohl, Michael, Liu, Xingyue (2019): New antlions (Insecta: Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) from the mid-Cretaceous of Myanmar and their phylogenetic implications. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 17 (14): 1215-1232, DOI: 10.1080/14772019.2018.1517132, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2018.1517132
03C45F4E27531401FC5D3BC1FD7DF881.taxon	description	(Figs 3 – 5)	en	Lu, Xiumei, Hu, Jiahui, Wang, Bo, Zhang, Weiwei, Ohl, Michael, Liu, Xingyue (2019): New antlions (Insecta: Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) from the mid-Cretaceous of Myanmar and their phylogenetic implications. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 17 (14): 1215-1232, DOI: 10.1080/14772019.2018.1517132, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2018.1517132
03C45F4E27531401FC5D3BC1FD7DF881.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Generally same as for the genus. In addition, forewing more acutely produced distad, and fore- and hind wings almost equal in width.	en	Lu, Xiumei, Hu, Jiahui, Wang, Bo, Zhang, Weiwei, Ohl, Michael, Liu, Xingyue (2019): New antlions (Insecta: Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) from the mid-Cretaceous of Myanmar and their phylogenetic implications. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 17 (14): 1215-1232, DOI: 10.1080/14772019.2018.1517132, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2018.1517132
03C45F4E27531401FC5D3BC1FD7DF881.taxon	materials_examined	Material. Holotype, NIGP 168257, amber piece preserving a partly preserved adult female of Phylloleon elegans, together with a mayfly and some hymenopterans and dipterans. It is polished in the form of a flattened rhombus cabochon, with length × width about 58.0 × 40.0 mm, height about 1.0 mm. Paratype, NIGP 168258, amber piece preserving a poorly preserved adult of Phylloleon elegans, and a psychopsid larva. It is polished in the form of a flattened subellipse cabochon, with length- × width about 40.3 mm × 30.0 mm, height about 8.60 mm.	en	Lu, Xiumei, Hu, Jiahui, Wang, Bo, Zhang, Weiwei, Ohl, Michael, Liu, Xingyue (2019): New antlions (Insecta: Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) from the mid-Cretaceous of Myanmar and their phylogenetic implications. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 17 (14): 1215-1232, DOI: 10.1080/14772019.2018.1517132, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2018.1517132
03C45F4E27531401FC5D3BC1FD7DF881.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet elegans refers to elegant appearance of the new species. An adjective in the neuter gender.	en	Lu, Xiumei, Hu, Jiahui, Wang, Bo, Zhang, Weiwei, Ohl, Michael, Liu, Xingyue (2019): New antlions (Insecta: Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) from the mid-Cretaceous of Myanmar and their phylogenetic implications. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 17 (14): 1215-1232, DOI: 10.1080/14772019.2018.1517132, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2018.1517132
03C45F4E27531401FC5D3BC1FD7DF881.taxon	description	Description. Body length 9.85 mm; head 0.56 mm long and 1.17 mm wide; distance between compound eyes 0.32 mm; antenna length 3.86 mm; prothorax 0.55 mm long and 0.54 mm wide; mesothorax 1.41 mm long and 1.30 mm wide; metathorax 0.49 mm long and 0.67 mm wide; forewing 17.60 – 20.37 mm long and 5.02 – 5.35 mm wide; hind wing 16.76 – 18.17 mm long and 4.76 – 5.01 mm wide; abdomen 7.46 mm long and 1.72 mm wide. Head orthognathous, much wider than long. Compound eyes large, semi-globular; diameter of eyes much shorter than distance between compound eyes. Antenna slightly dilated distad, nearly as long as length of head plus thorax. Prothorax slightly widened posteriad, much longer but narrower than head; meso- and metathorax robust, metathorax slightly smaller than mesothorax. Wings elongated, transparent and immaculate. Forewing leaf-like, with narrow wing base and acuminated apex. Costal space quite narrow proximally, strongly widened medially, and again slightly narrowed distad, with over 60 veinlets. ScA absent; ScP and RA fused together, slightly bending and running to wing margin posteriad wing apex; subcostal crossveins absent. Presectorial crossveins absent. Hypostigmal cell long. RP þ MA originating near wing base, and diverging into RP and MA distad midpoint of wing; 20 crossveins present in RA space; RP pectinately branched, with few crossveins among anterior branches; infra radial cell short. M proximally leaving a short oblique stem of MA that is fused with R near wing base; MA distally with three branches. MP 1 long, almost straight for a long distance, distally slightly curved, with three branches. Base of MP 2 (oblique vein) present proximad initial branching point of MP 2 þ CuA. CuA and CuP diverging near wing base; MP 2 þ CuA pectinately branched from proximal 1 / 4 into 18 straightly directing branches, posterior six branches of MP 2 þ CuA 1 mostly bifurcated distad, while remaining branches of MP 2 þ CuA 1 simple, CuA 2 long and deeply branched; CuP long, pectinately branched into 10 simple branches; nine cua-cup crossveins present. A 1 short and zig-zagged, forked from its midpoint into two simple branches, connected with CuP by two short crossveins; A 2 þ A 3 short, pectinately branched into three branches. Hind wing costal space broad and slightly widened distad, with 30 veinlets. ScP and RA distally fused together, running to wing margin slightly posteriad wing apex; subcostal crossveins absent. RP þ MA originating distad wing base, but slightly proximad midpoint of wing; eight crossveins present in RA space. Seven presectorial crossveins present. MP 1 zig-zagged, MP 2 nearly straight, both of them bifurcated distally. CuA long, with stem running parallel to posterior margin, and pectinately branched into 15 simple and short branches. CuP þ A 1 very short, bifurcated; A 2 simple, very weak; A 3 absent. Legs slender and long; tibiae and tarsi bearing several long spinous setae, these setae on tibia longer than those on tarsi, about 1 / 3 × length of tibia; tibial spurs slightly longer than tarsomere 1; numerous short setae present along tibiae and tarsi; protarsus nearly as long as protibia, meso- and metatarsus about half length of meso- and metatibia, tarsomere 1 and tarsomere 5 nearly equal in length, but much longer than the other tarsomeres; paired simple pretarsal claws present, slender and distally curved, opposable on last tarsomere; arolium absent. Abdomen slenderly elongate, about 0.7 times as long as body length, with anterior three segments slightly narrower than remaining segments. Female genitalia preserved; segment 8 much shorter than segment 7, strongly narrowed ventral in lateral view, but with ventral sclerites not clearly visible; tergum 9 about half length of tergum 8, slightly tapering ventrad in lateral view; gonocoxites 9 ovoid, bearing long setae along ventral margin; ectoprocts ovoid, slightly directed ventrad, with long setae; callus cerci not detected.	en	Lu, Xiumei, Hu, Jiahui, Wang, Bo, Zhang, Weiwei, Ohl, Michael, Liu, Xingyue (2019): New antlions (Insecta: Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) from the mid-Cretaceous of Myanmar and their phylogenetic implications. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 17 (14): 1215-1232, DOI: 10.1080/14772019.2018.1517132, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2018.1517132
03C45F4E2751140FFF3D3D57FD37FDB0.taxon	description	(Figs 6, 7)	en	Lu, Xiumei, Hu, Jiahui, Wang, Bo, Zhang, Weiwei, Ohl, Michael, Liu, Xingyue (2019): New antlions (Insecta: Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) from the mid-Cretaceous of Myanmar and their phylogenetic implications. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 17 (14): 1215-1232, DOI: 10.1080/14772019.2018.1517132, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2018.1517132
03C45F4E2751140FFF3D3D57FD37FDB0.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Generally same as for the genus. Additionally, hind wing strongly narrowed, slightly longer and much more acutely produced than forewing.	en	Lu, Xiumei, Hu, Jiahui, Wang, Bo, Zhang, Weiwei, Ohl, Michael, Liu, Xingyue (2019): New antlions (Insecta: Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) from the mid-Cretaceous of Myanmar and their phylogenetic implications. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 17 (14): 1215-1232, DOI: 10.1080/14772019.2018.1517132, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2018.1517132
03C45F4E2751140FFF3D3D57FD37FDB0.taxon	materials_examined	Material. Holotype, NIGP 168259, amber piece preserving a partly preserved adult female of Phylloleon stangei, together with a hymenopteran, a midge, a beetle, two pseudoscorpions, and a mite. It is polished in the form of a flattened round cabochon, with diameter about 30.0 mm, height about 5.0 mm.	en	Lu, Xiumei, Hu, Jiahui, Wang, Bo, Zhang, Weiwei, Ohl, Michael, Liu, Xingyue (2019): New antlions (Insecta: Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) from the mid-Cretaceous of Myanmar and their phylogenetic implications. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 17 (14): 1215-1232, DOI: 10.1080/14772019.2018.1517132, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2018.1517132
03C45F4E2751140FFF3D3D57FD37FDB0.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Dedicated to Dr Lionel A. Stange, one of the famous taxonomists of Myrmeleontidae.	en	Lu, Xiumei, Hu, Jiahui, Wang, Bo, Zhang, Weiwei, Ohl, Michael, Liu, Xingyue (2019): New antlions (Insecta: Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) from the mid-Cretaceous of Myanmar and their phylogenetic implications. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 17 (14): 1215-1232, DOI: 10.1080/14772019.2018.1517132, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2018.1517132
03C45F4E2751140FFF3D3D57FD37FDB0.taxon	description	Description. Body length 7.99 mm; head 0.53 mm long and 0.80 mm wide; distance between compound eyes 0.35 mm; antenna length 2.59 mm; prothorax 0.54 mm long and 0.27 mm wide; mesothorax 0.98 mm long and 0.89 mm wide; metathorax 0.51 mm long and 0.66 mm wide; forewing 12.68 mm long and 4.14 mm wide; hind wing 14.62 mm long and 2.12 mm wide; abdomen 5.73 mm long and 1.72 mm wide. Head orthognathous, wider than long. Compound eyes large, semi-globular; diameter of eyes much shorter than distance between compound eyes. Antenna nearly as long as length of head plus thorax, clubbed distad. Prothorax much longer but narrower than head; meso- and metathorax robust, metathorax slightly smaller than mesothorax. Wings elongated, transparent and immaculate. Forewing leaf-like, with narrow wing base and acuminated apex. Costal space quite narrow proximally, strongly widened medially, and again slightly narrowed distad, with c. 43 simple veinlets. ScA absent; ScP and RA fused together, slightly bending and running to wing margin posteriad wing apex; subcostal crossveins absent. Presectorial crossveins absent. Hypostigmal cell long. RP þ MA originating near wing base, and diverging into RP and MA distad midpoint of wing; 11 crossveins present in RA space; RP pectinately branched into six branches, with few crossveins among these branches; infra radial cell short. M proximally leaving a short oblique stem of MA that is fused with R near wing base; MA distinctly curved posteriad at distal 1 / 3 and distally with three branches. MP 1 long, almost straight for a long distance, distally distinctly curved, with two simple and one distally forked branches. CuA and CuP diverging near wing base; MP 2 þ CuA pectinately branched from proximal 1 / 3, with seven branches, posterior three branches of MP 2 þ CuA 1 distally bifurcated, while remaining MP 2 þ CuA 1 branches simple, CuA 2 deeply forked; CuP pectinately branched into nine simple branches. A 1 short and zig-zagged, bifurcated from its midpoint into two simple branches, connected with CuP by two short crossveins; A 2 þ A 3 short, bifurcated. Hind wing strongly narrowed, nearly half of forewing width, with acuminate apex. Costal space narrow, about three times as wide as subcostal space, with 28 veinlets, most of which are simple. ScP and RA fused together and straightly running to wing margin slightly posteriad wing apex; subcostal crossveins absent. RP þ MA originating from midpoint of wing; five crossveins present in RA space; RP and MA diverging slightly distad basal radial cell; RP pectinately branched into seven branches, with posterior two branches distally forked. MA distally bifurcated. Six presectoral crossveinlets present. MP 1 and MP 2 long, MP 1 distally bifurcated, MP 2 simple, space between them slightly broadened distad, with six crossveins. CuA pectinately branched into nine short simple branches; CuP and anal veins absent. Legs slender and long; femur and tibia almost equal in length; tibiae and tarsi bearing several long spinous setae, these setae on tibiae longer than those on tarsi, about 1 / 6 × length of tibia; tibial spurs slightly longer than tarsomere 1; numerous short setae present along tibiae and tarsi; tarsus much shorter than tibia, tarsomere 1 and tarsomere 5 nearly equal in length, but much longer than the other tarsomeres; paired simple pretarsal claws present, slender and distally curved, opposable on last tarsomere; arolium absent. Abdomen slenderly elongate, about 0.7 times as long as body length. Female genitalia preserved; segment 8 much shorter than segment 7, with a broad ventral sclerite (putative gonocoxite 8); tergum 9 about 2 / 3 × length of tergum 8, slightly tapering ventrad in lateral view; gonocoxites 9 ovoid, bearing long setae along ventral margin; ectoprocts nearly semicircular, much broader than gonocoxite 9, with long setae; callus cerci not detected.	en	Lu, Xiumei, Hu, Jiahui, Wang, Bo, Zhang, Weiwei, Ohl, Michael, Liu, Xingyue (2019): New antlions (Insecta: Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) from the mid-Cretaceous of Myanmar and their phylogenetic implications. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 17 (14): 1215-1232, DOI: 10.1080/14772019.2018.1517132, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2018.1517132
03C45F4E2751140FFF3D3D57FD37FDB0.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The new species differs from the congeneric species Phylloleon elegans by the forewing with less protruded apex and the strongly narrowed and acutely protruded hind wing. In the latter species, the forewing is slightly longer than hind wing, with apex much more protruded, and the hind wing is broad, nearly as wide as forewing. In addition, P. stangei has much fewer forewing MP 2 þ CuA 1 branches than P. elegans. Considering the strongly narrowed hind wing and the presence of six presectorial crossveins, the new species appears also similar to Caririneura microcephala from the Lower Cretaceous of Brazil. However, the new species can be distinguished from C. microcephala by the leaf-like forewing, with strongly broadened costal space and produced wing apex, and by the presence of more crossveins between RA and RP þ MA as well as between RP þ MA and MP 1 in the forewing.	en	Lu, Xiumei, Hu, Jiahui, Wang, Bo, Zhang, Weiwei, Ohl, Michael, Liu, Xingyue (2019): New antlions (Insecta: Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) from the mid-Cretaceous of Myanmar and their phylogenetic implications. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 17 (14): 1215-1232, DOI: 10.1080/14772019.2018.1517132, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2018.1517132
03C45F4E275F140FFF2638E3FBBDFEDF.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Nanoleon wangae Hu, Lu & Liu sp. nov.	en	Lu, Xiumei, Hu, Jiahui, Wang, Bo, Zhang, Weiwei, Ohl, Michael, Liu, Xingyue (2019): New antlions (Insecta: Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) from the mid-Cretaceous of Myanmar and their phylogenetic implications. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 17 (14): 1215-1232, DOI: 10.1080/14772019.2018.1517132, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2018.1517132
03C45F4E275F140FFF2638E3FBBDFEDF.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The new genus is characterized by a series of combinational characters: (1) forewing RP þ MA diverging from RA well distad wing base (shared by Burmaneura and pseudonymphine genera; near wing base in araripeneurinae genera); (2) one forewing presectorial crossvein present (forewing lacking presectorial crossveins in Araripeneurinae and Pseudonymphinae; forewing with three or more presectorial crossveins in other antlion subfamilies); (3) one hind wing presectorial crossvein present (shared by Caririneura, Burmaneura and many extant antlion species; absent in most species of Araripeneurinae and Pseudonymphinae); (4) initial branching point of forewing MP 2 þ CuA slightly distad diverging point of RP þ MA from RA (shared by Burmaneura, Choromyrmeleon, and the pseudonymphine genera, but almost at the same level in most araripeneurinae genera); (5) CuA 2 short (shared by Burmaneura, Choromyrmeleon, the pseudonymphinae genera, and all extant antlions; long in Araripeneurinae).	en	Lu, Xiumei, Hu, Jiahui, Wang, Bo, Zhang, Weiwei, Ohl, Michael, Liu, Xingyue (2019): New antlions (Insecta: Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) from the mid-Cretaceous of Myanmar and their phylogenetic implications. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 17 (14): 1215-1232, DOI: 10.1080/14772019.2018.1517132, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2018.1517132
03C45F4E275F140FFF2638E3FBBDFEDF.taxon	etymology	Etymology. From nanos (Greek, meaning ‘ small’) and leon (Greek, meaning ‘ lion’, being as a frequent suffix of the genus-group name of Myrmeleontidae). An allusion to the small size of the species included in the genus. Gender neutral.	en	Lu, Xiumei, Hu, Jiahui, Wang, Bo, Zhang, Weiwei, Ohl, Michael, Liu, Xingyue (2019): New antlions (Insecta: Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) from the mid-Cretaceous of Myanmar and their phylogenetic implications. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 17 (14): 1215-1232, DOI: 10.1080/14772019.2018.1517132, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2018.1517132
03C45F4E275F140FFF2638E3FBBDFEDF.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The placement of Nanoleon in Myrmeleontidae is undoubted considering the short and clubbed antenna as well as the presence of presectorial crossveins in both wings, but the subfamilial affiliation of the new genus is still unclear. The presence of only one presectorial crossvein in both fore- and hind wings is rarely found in Myrmeleontidae. The result of present phylogenetic analysis suggests its closer relationship with extant antlions. Notably, the new genus possesses the forewing CuP distally fused with A 1, which is an important diagnostic character of the subfamily Myrmeleontinae. However, Nanoleon lacks the sensory hair on pro- and mesofemora, and it has relatively long pretarsal claws, apparently being different from the species of Myrmeleontinae.	en	Lu, Xiumei, Hu, Jiahui, Wang, Bo, Zhang, Weiwei, Ohl, Michael, Liu, Xingyue (2019): New antlions (Insecta: Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) from the mid-Cretaceous of Myanmar and their phylogenetic implications. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 17 (14): 1215-1232, DOI: 10.1080/14772019.2018.1517132, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2018.1517132
03C45F4E275F140CFC493BE5FB77F8E4.taxon	description	(Figs 8 – 10)	en	Lu, Xiumei, Hu, Jiahui, Wang, Bo, Zhang, Weiwei, Ohl, Michael, Liu, Xingyue (2019): New antlions (Insecta: Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) from the mid-Cretaceous of Myanmar and their phylogenetic implications. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 17 (14): 1215-1232, DOI: 10.1080/14772019.2018.1517132, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2018.1517132
03C45F4E275F140CFC493BE5FB77F8E4.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. As for the genus.	en	Lu, Xiumei, Hu, Jiahui, Wang, Bo, Zhang, Weiwei, Ohl, Michael, Liu, Xingyue (2019): New antlions (Insecta: Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) from the mid-Cretaceous of Myanmar and their phylogenetic implications. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 17 (14): 1215-1232, DOI: 10.1080/14772019.2018.1517132, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2018.1517132
03C45F4E275F140CFC493BE5FB77F8E4.taxon	materials_examined	Material. Holotype, NIGP 168260, amber piece preserving a partly preserved adult female of Nanoleon wangae. It is polished in the form of a flattened subequilateral triangular cabochon, with length × width about 43.0 × 32.4 mm, height about 42.8 mm. Paratype, NIGP 168261, amber piece preserving a nearly complete adult female of Nanoleon wangae and a beetle. It is polished in the form of a flattened subelliptical cabochon, with length × width about 28.5 mm × 21.0 mm, height about 3.87 mm.	en	Lu, Xiumei, Hu, Jiahui, Wang, Bo, Zhang, Weiwei, Ohl, Michael, Liu, Xingyue (2019): New antlions (Insecta: Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) from the mid-Cretaceous of Myanmar and their phylogenetic implications. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 17 (14): 1215-1232, DOI: 10.1080/14772019.2018.1517132, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2018.1517132
03C45F4E275F140CFC493BE5FB77F8E4.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The new species is dedicated to Prof Xinli Wang, who has made great contributions to the taxonomy of Myrmeleontidae from China, and also helped the last author of this paper in various ways for many years.	en	Lu, Xiumei, Hu, Jiahui, Wang, Bo, Zhang, Weiwei, Ohl, Michael, Liu, Xingyue (2019): New antlions (Insecta: Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) from the mid-Cretaceous of Myanmar and their phylogenetic implications. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 17 (14): 1215-1232, DOI: 10.1080/14772019.2018.1517132, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2018.1517132
03C45F4E275F140CFC493BE5FB77F8E4.taxon	description	Description. Body length 7.36 – 8.44 mm; head 0.62 – 0.90 mm long and 1.45 mm wide; distance between compound eyes 0.41 mm; diameter of compound eyes 0.60 – 0.78 mm; antenna length 1.73 mm; prothorax 0.74 mm long, 0.34 mm wide; forewing 10.17 – 10.97 mm long and 3.12 – 3.95 mm wide; hind wing 9.90 – 10.09 mm long and 2.33 – 2.36 mm wide; abdomen 5.09 – 5.73 mm long and 0.5 – 1.19 mm wide. Head orthognathous, subtriangular. Compound eyes large, semi-globular; diameter of compound eye slightly longer than distance between compound eyes. Antenna slightly shorter than combined length of head and thorax, dilated at distal 1 / 4. Mouthparts with parts of maxillae and labium discernible; maxilla with galea slightly broadened and rounded distad; maxillary and labial palpi, each with terminal segment tapering distad. Prothorax short and slender; meso- and metathorax robust. Wings transparent, immaculate. Forewing elongated, gradually broadened distad. Costal space rather narrow, about 2.5 times as wide as subcostal space, but distinctly widened from pterostigmal area, with 34 veinlets, most of which are simple. ScA absent; ScP and RA fused together at distal 1 / 4 of wing, slightly bending and running to wing margin posteriad wing apex; subcostal crossveins absent. One presectorial crossvein present. Five crossveins in RA space present. Hypostigmal cell long. RP þ MA diverging from RA well distad wing base, nearly at proximal 1 / 3 of wing, with seven pectinate branches and most of them forked distally; infra radial cell short; two short series of gradate crossveins present. MA leaving a short oblique stem near wing base; diverging point of MA from RP þ MA not far beyond diverging point of RP þ MA from RA, with only one crossvein on radial space between these two diverging points. MP 1 long, straight, distally trifurcated; base of MP 2 (oblique vein) untraceable. CuA and CuP diverging near wing base; MP 2 þ CuA pectinately branched from midpoint, with seven branches; posterior two branches of MP 2 þ CuA 1 bifurcated distally; CuA 2 slightly shorter than first branch of MP 2 þ CuA 1, medially forked. CuP with a short stem discernible, distally fused with A 1, with six simple branches; A 2 bifurcated, arcuately curved posteriad; A 3 simple, strongly arched toward wing margin. Hind wing elongated, much narrower than forewing, with wing base strongly narrowed, and with wing apex slightly narrowed and feebly excavated along distal margin. Costal space widened from pterostigmal area, with 23 veinlets, most of which are simple. ScP and RA fused together at distal 1 / 5 of wing, running to wing margin slightly posteriad wing apex, with a few marginally forked veinlets; subcostal crossveins absent. RP þ MA diverging from RA near proximal 1 / 3 of wing; five crossveins present in RA space; one presectorial crossvein present. MA trifurcated distally. MP 1 with only a marginal fork, MP 2 pectinately branched into 6 – 7 single branches; seven crossveins present between MP 1 and MP 2. CuA stem running parallel to posterior margin, pectinately branched into three simple branches; CuP and anal veins fused together, leaving three short simple branches. Legs relatively short and stout, densely setose; femur slightly longer than tibia, without sensory hair; tibia with sparsely spaced long spinous setae, tibial spurs present, almost straight; tarsus much thinner and shorter than tibia, 5 - segmented; tarsomere 1 long, but slightly shorter than combinational length of remaining tarsomeres; tarsomere 2 – 4 short, almost equal in length; paired pretarsal claws present, slenderly elongate, and curved distally, seemingly not opposable on last tarsomere. Abdomen slenderly elongated, almost 2 / 3 × body length. Female genitalia preserved; tergum 8 much shorter than tergum 7; gonocoxites 8 not discernible; tergum 9 strongly broadened ventrad in lateral view; gonocoxites 9 small, with arcuate ventral view, bearing long setae; ectoprocts nearly semicircular in lateral view, with large ovoid callus cerci.	en	Lu, Xiumei, Hu, Jiahui, Wang, Bo, Zhang, Weiwei, Ohl, Michael, Liu, Xingyue (2019): New antlions (Insecta: Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) from the mid-Cretaceous of Myanmar and their phylogenetic implications. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 17 (14): 1215-1232, DOI: 10.1080/14772019.2018.1517132, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2018.1517132
