taxonID	type	description	language	source
03C746265330FF9C545D02D4FE7B75D2.taxon	description	Trisetum latifolium auct. non Ridl. Plants perennial (new shoots sometimes from decumbent culms). Culms tufted, erect to geniculate at base, 0.4 – 1.5 m long. Nodes glabrous or puberulous, rarely bearded. Sheaths pilose with bb hairs to margins hairy to glabrous. Throat hairy. Ligule 0.4 – 0.5 mm high. Blades rigid, flat, linear-lanceolate to linear, 3.5 – 24 cm by 5 – 13 mm, glabrous or pilose above or pilose on both sides, margins smooth or scaberulous or stiff ciliate. Peduncle glabrous under the panicle. Panicle densely contracted to fairly lax, interrupted at base or not, 7 – 25 by 0.8 – 7.5 cm, lowermost branch solitary or paired, longest one 2.5 – 8 cm long, branches angular, scaberulous or puberulous, not pilose. Pedicels scaberulous or puberulous. Spikelets 4.2 – 6 mm long, yellowish or purple (with green nerves). Glumes glabrous; lower glume 2.9 – 5 mm long, 0.6 – 0.82 times as long as the spikelet, distinctly shorter than the lower lemma, apex acuminate or mucronate, 3 - or 5 - nerved; upper glume 3 - or 5 - nerved, apex acuminate. Lower lemma neuter (paleate or epaleate), 3.5 – 4.8 mm long, 3 - or 5 - nerved, apex acuminate; upper lemma 2.5 – 3.2 mm long, castaneous in fruit, microscopically scaberulous (40 ×!), 0 - nerved, callus hairs 0.5 – 0.7 mm long, 0.16 – 0.29 times as long as the lemma, apex acute, without lateral setae, awn distinctly exserted beyond the glumes, geniculate, 3 – 4.5 mm long when dry, column (0 –) 0.5 – 1.2 mm long when dry. Anthers 3, 1.2 – 1.5 mm long. Distribution — Malesia: Philippines (Sibuyan, Mayos Peak), apparently disjunct within New Guinea as well: Irian Jaya (Arfak, Baliem, Carstensz), Papua New Guinea (Engga, W Highlands, E Highlands, S Highlands, and then Central, Northern, Milne Bay Prov.). Habitat — Open grassland (usually fire induced), e. g. with tree ferns, Burmannia sp., Cyperaceae (e. g. Schoenus sp.), Dimeria chloridiformis (Gaudich.) K. Schum. & Lauterb., Eriocaulon sp., Eulalia leptostachys (Pilg.) Henrard, Miscanthus floridulus (Labill.) Warb., Xyris sp., landslides, marshy soil, mid montane forest, along stream edges, among limestone, granitic sand, dominant, (1500 –) 1850 – 2895 (– 3375) m altitude. Collector’s notes — Stoloniferous (i. e. decumbent culms) or small tussocks. Culms upright to trailing, geniculate, purple. Nodes brown, brownish purple, swollen. Leaves green, yellow green, dull mid green, tough. Peduncles purplish. Flowers brown, reddish, purplish brown, dark red, purple, later straw-coloured; awns yellowish brown, whitish red. Uses — Not eaten by wallabies, disliked by cattle. Notes — Although the species was described on Clemens collections from the Saruwaged, I have not seen any other collection from the Morobe Province. Remarkable is the apparent absence in some other areas, e. g. Mt Wilhelmina (Mangen 1993), Star Mts (pers. obs.), Mt Wilhelm (Johns & Stevens 1971). Most remarkable is the single record (Argent & Reynoso 89127 (L, PNH )) from the Mayos Peak, Sibuyan in the middle of the Philippines at c. 1550 m altitude. Chase described the upper lemma (‘ fruit’) as bidentate. I have only seen acute apices. The column is sometimes virtually absent, there is only a sharp bend at the expected place.	en	Veldkamp, J. F. (2015): Arundinella (Gramineae) in Malesia with notes on other taxa and on aluminium accumulation. Blumea 59 (3): 167-179, DOI: 10.3767/000651915X687840, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651915x687840
03C746265331FF9C5712033EFA437111.taxon	description	Arundinella goeringii Steud. (1854 a) 116. — Type: Goering II, 139 (holo P; from Java, not Japan). [Arundinella hispida Nees ex Buse var. ‘ β angustior ’ Buse (Feb. 1854) preprint: 19; 359, not a name, but a diagnose. — Vouchers: Junghuhn s. n. ‘ Tjibogo’ (L, sh. 902.23 - 56, 908.83 - 1356, ‘ Tjerimai’ (L, sh. 908.83 - 1332; fragm. in K), with label by? Nees].	en	Veldkamp, J. F. (2015): Arundinella (Gramineae) in Malesia with notes on other taxa and on aluminium accumulation. Blumea 59 (3): 167-179, DOI: 10.3767/000651915X687840, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651915x687840
03C746265331FF9C5712033EFA437111.taxon	description	Arundinella agrostoides Trin. var. ciliata auct. non Kuntze: Kuntze (1891) 761, pro Kuntze 4805 (K, NY) from Java. Arundinella fuscata auct. non Buse. Arundinella hispida auct. non Kuntze. Arundinella nepalensis auct. non Trin. Plants annual or perennial. Culms tufted or more or less solitary, erect, 0.15 – 0.6 m long. Nodes bearded. Sheaths sparsely pilose with bb hairs. Throat hairy. Ligule 0.3 – 1 mm high, pilose. Blades flaccid to rather stiff, flat, linear-lanceolate to linear, 4.5 – 25 cm by 4.5 – 17 mm, pilose on both sides, margins pilose. Peduncle under the panicle glabrous. Panicle contracted, often interrupted at base, 6.5 – 30 by 1 – 6 cm, lowermost branch 1 – 3 together, the longest one 2 – 4 cm long, branches angular, smooth to scaberulous, glabrous. Pedicels smooth to scaberulous. Spikelets 4.2 – 6 mm long, greenish to purple suffused. Glumes glabrous; lower glume 2.4 – 4 mm long, 0.6 – 0.86 times as long as the spikelet, distinctly shorter to slightly longer than the lower lemma, apex acuminate to caudate to mucronate, 3 - or 5 - nerved; upper glume 5 - nerved, apex long-acuminate. Lower lemma male or bisexual, 2.8 – 3.5 mm long, nerves 5, rarely 3, not anastomosing, apex acuminate; upper lemma 1.8 – 2.3 mm long, whitish to brown or castaneous (at maturity), microscopically scaberulous (40 ×!), 0 - nerved, callus hairs 0.4 – 0.7 mm long, 0.2 – 0.37 times as long as the lemma, apex acute, without lateral setae, awn distinctly exserted beyond the glumes, geniculate, 3.3 – 5 mm long when dry, column 1 – 1.9 mm long when dry. Anthers 3, 0.8 – 1 mm long. Distribution — Malesia: Sumatra (W Coast), Java (widespread, especially in the W), Celebes (Malino), Philippines (Palawan),? Sumbawa (Ploem s. n., L sh. 926.140 - 174, sterile). Habitat — Poor soil; 40 – 1600 m altitude. Notes — Nees apparently around 1834 sent around lists of names and descriptions to a. o. Buse, Steudel, Trinius, and Wight, who attributing them to Nees used them in their publications. Only Wight (Cat. Indian Pl. (1834 )) specifically acknowledged Nees’s contribution, so the names there are to be cited ‘ Nees in Wight’. Unfortunately the majority are nomina nuda. In the other cases there is only external evidence of the source of this information. Thus Art. 46.6 applies and the names must be cited as ‘ Nees ex ... ’. In Wight’s catalogue there appear several species of Arundinella, some of which have Acratherum as an infrageneric indication. These were cited by Steudel (1840: 21, 143) as synonyms of Arundinella spp. One of these is Arundinella (Acratherum) fuscata Nees (Wight Cat. 1667, probably the same as the Wight Herb. Propr. 183 cited by Janowski (1922: 26). A duplicate of this is in the Trinius Herbarium 405.1). The validation of Arundinella fuscata Nees was by Buse (1854, preprint: 19). However, no specimens or provenance were given, only a var. β. ‘ angustiore ’, which word from the typography is not a name, but a remark. The specimens mentioned for this (in L) are all marked β on their labels. One (sh. 908.83 - 1332) has the combination in what appears to be Nees’s handwriting. Steudel, very shortly afterwards (1854 a: 114), used Arundinella fuscata again, merely stating ‘ Penins. Ind. or. ’, but because of the above obviously meaning the Wight collection. Note that Buse’s and Steudel’s A. fuscata are not true isonyms, as they are heterotypic, being based on different specimens in different institutes, but according to Art. 9. Note 2 (c) they would be. Hooker (1896: 74) correctly attributed the combination to Buse, and now we see that Wight Cat. 1667 came from the Nilgiris of S India. Bor (1955: 406, 1960: 424, as A. purpurea Hochst. ex Steud.), wrote that it is an endemic of that area. Obviously, it has been thought that a name used in a Malesian account could not be applied to a Nilgiri endemic, hence Hooker’s use is cited as ‘ non Nees ex Buse’, and another combination is used. I hope to have now shown that it is actually the other way around: Buse used a description for an Indian species and applied it to what he thought was an aberrant form from Java. Anyway, Buse validated Arundinella fuscata, whereby Hooker’s use of it for the Indian species was correct (as so often) and must replace the later A. purpurea.	en	Veldkamp, J. F. (2015): Arundinella (Gramineae) in Malesia with notes on other taxa and on aluminium accumulation. Blumea 59 (3): 167-179, DOI: 10.3767/000651915X687840, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651915x687840
03C746265331FF9F545C0607FA42730D.taxon	description	Arundinella hirsuta Nees ex Steud. (1854 a) 115, # 13 (non # 16). — Lectotype: Gomez s. n. in Wallich 8671 (holo P; K, sh. 245950,290214, p. p.; K-W: IDC microfiche 7394; W, fragm.), here designated.	en	Veldkamp, J. F. (2015): Arundinella (Gramineae) in Malesia with notes on other taxa and on aluminium accumulation. Blumea 59 (3): 167-179, DOI: 10.3767/000651915X687840, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651915x687840
03C746265331FF9F545C0607FA42730D.taxon	description	Arundinella hispida auct. non Kuntze. Arundinella holcoides (Kunth) Trin. var. ciliata auct. non Jansen. Arundinella setosa auct. non Trin. Plants annual. Culms tufted to more or less solitary, erect to ascending, 0.06 – 0.65 m long. Nodes bearded, rarely glabrous. Sheaths pilose with bb hairs to glabrescent to glabrous, or margins hairy (in A. agrostoides). Throat glabrous or hairy. Ligule 0.2 – 0.8 mm high. Blades flaccid, flat, lanceolate to linear, 1.5 – 26 cm by 2.25 – 14 mm, pilose on both sides or glabrescent or glabrous (in A. agrostoides), margins pilose or smooth (in A. agrostoides). Peduncle glabrous to pilose under the panicle. Panicle loosely contracted to fairly lax, interrupted at base, 1.5 – 32 by 1 – 8 cm, lowermost branches 1 – 3 together, longest one 0.5 – 9 cm long, angular, scaberulous, rarely smooth, sparsely pilose, rarely glabrous. Pedicels smooth to scaberulous to sparsely pilose. Spikelets (2.2 –) 2.7 – 5.6 mm long, whitish with green nerves, greenish, yellowish, or purple suffused. Glumes sparsely pilose or glabrous (in A. agrostoides); lower glume 1.2 – 3.8 mm long, 0.44 – 0.8 times as long as the spikelet, slightly shorter to slightly longer than the lower lemma, apex acuminate or mucronate, 3 - or 5 - nerved; upper glume 5 - or 7 - nerved, apex long-acuminate. Lower lemma neuter, male, female, or bisexual, 1.5 – 4 mm long, 3 - or 5 - nerved, apex acute; upper lemma 1 – 2.3 mm long, castaneous in fruit, microscopically scaberulous (40 ×!), 0 - nerved, callus puberulous, hairs 0.1 – 0.6 mm long, 0.1 – 0.4 times as long as the lemma, apex acute, without lateral setae, awn distinctly exserted beyond the glumes, geniculate, 2.5 – 6.5 mm long when dry, column 1.2 – 3 mm long when dry. Anthers 3, 0.3 – 1 mm long. Distribution — India, W Bengal (Calcutta, Rel. Helf. 157, L, PR), Burma: Bago Div. (= Pegu; Raynoud A ˚ 1828, L; Scott s. n., K), Yangon (= Rangoon; McClelland 4 Jan. 1854, K); Insein, Min- gladon, Mon State: (Mawlamyine = Moulmein); Ayeyarwaddy (= Irrawaddi Prov., Bassein Distr., Thabound: Dickason 8301, A, L, RANG), Tanintharyi (= Tenasserim) Div.: Dawei (Tavoy: W. Gomez in Wallich 8671, IDC microfiche, K, P, W); Tawer, Kan- bauk (Maxwell 98 - 1183, 98 - 4266, CMU, L); Mergui; unknown (Pazwoandoung; Kurz 1132);? Thailand (Peninsular: Ranong; Nanakorn & Norsangsri 2001: 38, cite A. birmanica), Vietnam: highlands of Chlong and Dong Nai (‘ Donnaï’, 700 – 1200 m alt., fide Schmid 1958, sub A. birmanica); Poilane 24007, L, P), Da- nang (d’Alleizette 2 June 1909, L), Nha Trang (d’Alleizette 6 – 9 June 1909, L); Malesia: SW Celebes (Bonthain, Lombasang), Philippines (Luzon: Abra Prov., Daguioman; Mountain Prov. Baguio / Bontoc; Rizal: Fort KcKinley; Zambales: Mt Tapolao), Mindoro (Oriental, Rizal), Palawan (Iwahig, Victoria Mts), Lesser Sunda Isl. (Timor, see note). Habitat — Steep slopes, grass land, logged over pine forest, degraded thicket and weed area, poor soils, 25 – 1890 m altitude. According to Rhind (1945: 41) frequent in Burma in the moister parts all over the plains. Collector’s notes — Culms tufted, blades green above, light green underneath, inflorescence axes dull green, spikelets pale light green to violet with green nerves, awns violet. Notes — Trinius (1830) implied the presence of at least two syntypes: ‘ Manila ’, and ‘ wahovensi ’. I presume the latter is derived from ‘ wahov’ = Oahu = Hawai’i, which then is a mislabel- ling, as Arundinella does not occur there. The combination is sometimes cited as ‘ non Hochst. ’. The latter is a nomen nudum originally cited in the synonymy of A. setifera Steud., which is a synonym of A. setosa. In vain have I tried to find distinctions between the Burmese, Vietnamese, and Central Malesian populations and in the end was forced to unite them, which results in a curiously disjunct distribution. Although Touraine and Nha Trang were well-known localities in her time, apparently no material was available to Camus & Camus for their treatment in the Flore de l’Indo-Chine (1922). Moulik (1997: 57) mentioned the presence of A. holcoides also for Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Kerala. The latter three no doubt are a confusion with A. ciliata, the first two I cannot explain. Arundinella agrostoides differs mainly by the glabrous sheaths and leaf blades with smooth margins, and rather small spikelets (2 – 3.2 mm long) and seems to be a local form of Luzon. Arundinella hirsuta is based on a mixture of things: the lectotype came from Tavoy (now Dawei) in Burma, and unnamed collections from the Himalaya and Courtallum (which is in SW Tamil Nadu). No form of the A. ciliata - complex is known to me from the Himalayas, while Courtallum suggests A. ciliata s. str., with which e. g. Bor has equated it.	en	Veldkamp, J. F. (2015): Arundinella (Gramineae) in Malesia with notes on other taxa and on aluminium accumulation. Blumea 59 (3): 167-179, DOI: 10.3767/000651915X687840, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651915x687840
03C746265332FF9E545C0478FD3E763D.taxon	description	Arundinella nepalensis Trin. (1826) 62; (1830) t. 268. — Type: Wallich ex Herb. Lindley in Herb. Trin. 402.1 (holo LE, IDC microfiche BT- 16 / 1; very likely the same as 8666 - A, CGE, K, IDC microfiche 7394).	en	Veldkamp, J. F. (2015): Arundinella (Gramineae) in Malesia with notes on other taxa and on aluminium accumulation. Blumea 59 (3): 167-179, DOI: 10.3767/000651915X687840, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651915x687840
03C746265332FF9E545C0478FD3E763D.taxon	description	Plants perennial. Culms tufted, erect, 0.6 – 2 (– 3) m long. Nodes glabrous to bearded. Sheaths usually glabrous and margins hairy. Throat hairy. Ligule 0.2 – 1 mm high, ciliolate. Blades flaccid to rather stiff, flat to involute, linear, 8 – 50 cm by 3 – 18 mm, glabrous to pilose on both sides, margins scaberulous. Peduncle under the panicle usually glabrous, sometimes with a few hairs. Panicle densely contracted to fairly lax, interrupted at base or not, 10 – 60 by 5 – 7 (– 13) cm wide, lowermost branch solitary, 3.5 – 16 cm long, angular, smooth to scaberulous, not pilose. Pedicels smooth to scaberulous. Spikelets (3.4 –) 4 – 6 mm long, greyish green or purple. Glumes glabrous, rarely setose; lower glume 2.6 – 5 mm long, 0.64 – 0.86 times as long as the spikelet, distinctly shorter than the lower lemma, apex acute, acuminate, or mucronate, 3 - nerved; upper glume 5 - nerved, apex acuminate to long-acuminate. Lower lemma neuter or male, (2.3 –) 2.7 – 3.6 mm long, 5 - nerved, apex acute; upper lemma 1.7 – 2.5 mm long, castaneous in fruit (whitish in flower), smooth or microscopically scaberulous (40 ×!), 0 - nerved, callus hairs 0.3 – 0.5 mm long, 0.16 – 0.33 times as long as the lemma, apex acute, without lateral setae, apex of the pedicels not setose, awn distinctly exserted beyond the glumes, geniculate, 2.7 – 6 mm long when dry, column 0.7 – 3.2 mm long when dry. Anthers 3, 0.7 – 1.7 mm long. 2 n = 20, 40, 54, 60. Distribution — Because of all the misapplications not quite certain. Very variable: see remarks by Bor (1955: 406): Africa (widespread), Madagascar, Arabia, N Pakistan, Bhutan, Nepal, Sikkim, India (widespread), Burma, Thailand (Chiang Mai), Vietnam, China (widespread), Australia (W Australia, N Territory, New South Wales, Queensland). Note — Although occurring north and south of Malesia, it has so far not yet been found there. All reports have turned out to be misapplications to A. filiformis, A. furva, or A. goeringii.	en	Veldkamp, J. F. (2015): Arundinella (Gramineae) in Malesia with notes on other taxa and on aluminium accumulation. Blumea 59 (3): 167-179, DOI: 10.3767/000651915X687840, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651915x687840
03C746265333FF9E57120153FD8F716F.taxon	description	Arundinella pumila (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Steud. (1854 a) 114. — Acratherum pumilum Hochst. ex A. Rich. (1851) 414. — Lectotype: Schimper 642 (holo B; K, P), designated by Van der Zon (1992: 361). Phillips (1995: 285) stated that the holotype is in P, which is more logical as that is where Richard’s main herbarium is.	en	Veldkamp, J. F. (2015): Arundinella (Gramineae) in Malesia with notes on other taxa and on aluminium accumulation. Blumea 59 (3): 167-179, DOI: 10.3767/000651915X687840, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651915x687840
03C746265333FF9E57120153FD8F716F.taxon	description	Plants annual. Culms more or less solitary, erect, geniculate bat base, 0.04 – 0.45 m long. Nodes puberulous. Sheaths glabrous to margins hairy to pilose with bb hairs. Throat glabrous. Ligule 0.8 – 1 mm high. Blades flaccid, flat, oblong to linear, 1.7 – 20 cm by 2 – 20 mm, glabrous to sparsely pilose on both sides, margins smooth to scaberulous. Peduncle glabrous under the panicle, rarely with a few hairs under the panicle. Panicle effuse, not interrupted at base, 2 – 33 by 1 – 22 cm, lowermost branches 1 – 6 together, longest one 3 – 20 cm long, terete (filiform), smooth, not pilose, rarely or sparsely pilose. Pedicels smooth. Spikelets 1.5 – 2.2 mm long, whitish with green nerves. Glumes glabrous, or the upper one with a few hairs; lower glume 1 – 1.6 mm long, 0.55 – 0.76 times as long as the spikelet, slightly shorter than to about as long as the lower lemma, 1 - or 3 - nerved apex acuminate or mucronate; upper glume 1 – 5 - nerved, apex acuminate to long-acuminate. Lower lemma neuter, male, or bisexual, 1.3 – 1.4 mm long, 1 – 5 - nerved, apex acute; upper lemma 0.8 – 1 mm long, castaneous in fruit, minutely scaberulous (40 ×!), 0 - nerved, callus hairs 0.1 – 0.2 mm long, 0.13 – 0.28 times as long as the lemma, apex acute, without lateral setae, awn distinctly exserted beyond the glumes, geniculate, 2 – 3.4 mm long when dry, column 0.7 – 1.4 mm long when dry. Anthers 3, 0.3 – 0.5 mm long. 2 n = 24. Distribution — W to E Africa, Oman, India to Malesia: Java (very rare in Pasuruan, once in W Java, Pryer A ˚ 1900, B, L), SW Celebes, Lesser Sunda Isl. (Flores, Lombok, Sumbawa). Habitat — Shady, humid places, steep roadsides, moist stones, base of waterfall, locally common, 700 – 1350 m altitude. Note — Distribution disjunct. Technically very close to A. holcoides, but usually easily recognised by the effuse panicle that has the base still inside the sheath of the flag leaf.	en	Veldkamp, J. F. (2015): Arundinella (Gramineae) in Malesia with notes on other taxa and on aluminium accumulation. Blumea 59 (3): 167-179, DOI: 10.3767/000651915X687840, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651915x687840
03C746265333FF91571206A6FD47707E.taxon	description	Arundinella setosa Trin. (1826) 63. — Type: Wallich & Rudge s. n. e Herb. Lindley in Herb. Trinius 404.1 (LE, IDC microfiche BT- 16 / 1; CGE )), Nepal, but not identical with Wallich 8666 - A (A. nepalensis Trin.) or 8669 - A (syntype of A. wallichii Nees ex Steud.: 114 = A. bengalensis (Spreng.) Druce). [Agrostis biseta Spreng. ex Steud. (1840) 39, 143, in syn. sub Arundinella indica Trin., nom. nud. — (Arundinella sprengelii Trin., nom. ined.) — Voucher: Roxburgh e Herb. Spreng. in Herb. Trinius 406.2 (LE, IDC microfiche BT- 16 / 1)].	en	Veldkamp, J. F. (2015): Arundinella (Gramineae) in Malesia with notes on other taxa and on aluminium accumulation. Blumea 59 (3): 167-179, DOI: 10.3767/000651915X687840, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651915x687840
03C746265333FF91571206A6FD47707E.taxon	description	Arundinella tricuspidula Buse var. obscurior Buse in Miq. (Feb. 1854) preprint: 20; (Aug. 1854) 360. — Type: Reinwardt s. n. (holo L, sh. 902.23 - 96). Arundinella setifera Steud. (1854 a) 115. — Type: Hohenacker 920 (holo P; K, L). Arundinella hirsuta Nees ex Steud. (1854 a) 115. — Type: Wallich Cat. 8671 (holo K, IDC microfiche 7394). Arundinella mutica Nees ex Steud. (1854 a) 116. — Arundinella capillaris Hook. f. (1896) 74, nom. superfl. — Type: Heyne in Herb. Wallich 8665 - A (holo P; K, IDC microfiche 7394). Arundinella zollingeri Steud. (1854 a) 115 (‘ 2034 ’); (1854 b) 59. — Type: Zollinger 2834 (holo P, 01856819; BM), designated here. Danthonia neuroëlytrum Steud. (1854 a) 245. — Type: Fortune 5 (holo P). [Milium cimicinoides Roxb. ex Hook. f. (1896) 70, in syn. sub A. setosa. — Voucher: Roxburgh (K)].	en	Veldkamp, J. F. (2015): Arundinella (Gramineae) in Malesia with notes on other taxa and on aluminium accumulation. Blumea 59 (3): 167-179, DOI: 10.3767/000651915X687840, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651915x687840
03C746265333FF91571206A6FD47707E.taxon	distribution	Distribution — India (Kerala to NE) to China (widespread), Taiwan, N Australia (W Australia, N Territory, Queensland); Malesia: Sumatra, Malay Pen. (Kedah, Kelantan), Java, Borneo (S Kalimantan, Kab. Banjar, Soekisman 52, BIOT), Celebes (Lombasang, Masamba), Kabaëna, Philippines (Busuanga, Cu- lion, Luzon, Manamoc Isl., Mindanao), Lesser Sunda Isl. (Bali, Flores, Timor), New Guinea: Irian Jaya (Baliem, Jayapura), Papua New Guinea (Central, Chimbu, Enga, E-, W Highlands, Madang, Milne Bay, Morobe, W Sepik Prov.). Habitat — Sunny, dry, often less fertile soils (clay, granite, laterite, peat, sand stone, volcanic), fire-damaged areas. Mixeddeciduous or evergreen Dipterocarp-Oak, Pine, Casuarina, Eucalyptus, sclerophyllous (with e. g. Actinodaphne, Calamus, Daphniphyllum, Melastoma, Meliosma) forests, secondary grasslands with e. g. Crotalaria anagyroides Kunth, Mimosa diplotricha Sauvalle, Tephrosia vogelii Hook. f., Chloris barbata Sw., Eragrostis tenuifolia (A. Rich.) Steud., Heteropogon contortus (L.) Roem. & Schult., Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeusch., Melinis minutiflora P. Beauv., Paspalum conjugatum P. J. Bergius, P. paniculatum L., Pennisetum polystachion (L.) Schult., Themeda triandra Forssk., Urochloa maxima (Jacq.) R. D. Webster. Locally numerous, sometimes vegetation forming. 0 – 2030 m altitude. Collector’s notes — Tufted perennial. Roots pale brown. Culms green. Sheaths pale brown. Blades flat, green to some- what dull violet above, pale green beneath. Inflorescence axes pale to medium green, often dull dark violet. Glumes pale green, often with dark pink, brown, dull maroon, purple, with green or black nerves, turning tan. Lemmas, paleas white. Columns brown, dull maroon, setae pale green, tan. Filaments white, anthers yellow, dark violet. Stigmas dark purple. Notes — Immediately recognisable by the coronula under the spikelet and the two setae at the base of the awn. However, the latter are very variable in length and sometimes minute to lacking (var. esetosa) and if not immediately found several spikelets should be inspected. In Malesia, too, specimens with microscopic or no setae were seen, so it would appear that this form is merely an extreme in a range and not worth of recognition. Miquelia barbulata is tentatively included here, as no authentic material has been seen, while it must be noted that Merrill (1918) equated it with Garnotia patula. Jansen (1953: 235) erroneously regarded Schlechter 18422 as the type of A. lasiostoma. Indeed, as he said, the differ- ences with the typical form are inessential for the recognition at any rank. Plants are usually quite glabrous, LAE 72431 (Henty) (BRI, L, LAE) is except for the inflorescence exceptionally hairy.	en	Veldkamp, J. F. (2015): Arundinella (Gramineae) in Malesia with notes on other taxa and on aluminium accumulation. Blumea 59 (3): 167-179, DOI: 10.3767/000651915X687840, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651915x687840
03C74626533CFF90545D0441FD5F7549.taxon	description	Arundinella holcoides auct. non Trin. Plants annual. Culms tufted, erect, 0.15 – 0.42 m long. Nodes bearded. Sheaths pilose with bb hairs. Throat glabrous. Ligule 0.3 – 0.7 mm high. Blades flaccid, flat or infolded, linear, 4 – 19 cm by 3 – 10 mm, pilose on both sides, base rounded, margins pilose. Peduncle under the panicle glabrous to pilose. Panicle densely contracted to contracted, 6 – 18 by 1 – 3 cm, lowermost branch solitary, 1 – 4.5 cm long, angular, scaberulous, glabrous to sparsely pilose. Pedicels scaberulous, apex not setose. Spikelets 2.8 – 3.8 mm long, greenish, yellowish, or purple suffused. Glumes sparsely pilose; lower glume 1.8 – 3.3 mm long, 0.53 – 0.94 times as long as the spikelet, distinctly longer than the lower lemma, apex mucronate, 3 - or 5 - nerved; upper glume 5 - nerved, apex long-acuminate. Lower lemma neuter, male, female, or bisexual, 1.5 – 2.4 mm long, nerves 3, not anastomosing, apex acute; upper lemma 1 – 1.4 mm long, brownish (mature?), smooth to scaberulous, 0 - nerved, callus hairs 0.3 – 0.5 mm long, 0.21 – 0.42 times as long as the lemma, apex acute, without lateral setae, awn distinctly exserted beyond the glumes, geniculate, 3.6 – 4.3 mm long when dry, column 1.4 – 1.7 mm long when dry. Anthers 3, 0.3 – 0.5 mm long. 2 n = 18, 20. Distribution — S India: Annamalais and Nilgiri Hills of Karnataka, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu. Habitat — Roadsides, moist rocky places, slopes, 1050 – 1800 m altitude. Notes — Miquel (1851) and Kuntze (1891) only referred to Nees in Wight (1834) and not to Roxburgh (1814, 1820), therefore the combinations Arundinella ciliata Nees ex Miq. and Holcus ciliatus Roxb. are heterotypic. Nees cited Wight 1666, Hochstetter (Metz) 647, Miquel cited both and explicitly (in a footnote) stated that names proposed by Nees had priority over those by Hochstetter. Wight 1666 therefore is the lectotype with the holotype in U (now L), and Hochstetter (Metz) 647 a syntype. Moulik (1997: 56) mentioned the presence of this species also in Maharashtra. I do not know on what this was based.	en	Veldkamp, J. F. (2015): Arundinella (Gramineae) in Malesia with notes on other taxa and on aluminium accumulation. Blumea 59 (3): 167-179, DOI: 10.3767/000651915X687840, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651915x687840
03C74626533DFF9057120240FC5D7635.taxon	description	Arundinella fuscata Nees ex Buse in Miq. (Feb. 1854) preprint: 19; (Aug. 1854) 359; Nees ex Steud. (1854 a) 114, isonym. — (Arundinella (Acratherum) fuscata Nees in Wight (1834) 97, nom. nud.). — (Acratherum fuscatum Nees ex Steud.: B. D. Jacks. (1895) 32, nom. inval., in syn.). — Type: Wight Cat. 1667 ≡ Wight Herb. Propr. 183 (holo U (now L); K, LE (Herb. Trin. 405.1, IDC microfiche BT- 16 / 1), P). Both not in B (Scholz, 16 July 2003, pers. comm.). Arundinella purpurea Hochst. ex Steud. (1854 a) 115. — Type: Hohenacker 928 (holo P; G, K, L, M, U (now L), US].	en	Veldkamp, J. F. (2015): Arundinella (Gramineae) in Malesia with notes on other taxa and on aluminium accumulation. Blumea 59 (3): 167-179, DOI: 10.3767/000651915X687840, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651915x687840
03C74626533DFF9057120240FC5D7635.taxon	distribution	Distribution — S India: Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu. Habitat — Open pastures, road cuttings, marshes often with A. vaginata Bor and Eulalia phaeothrix (Hack.) Kuntze, river bed, 1040 – 2500 m altitude. Notes — Here we have a problem that by lack of material I cannot solve and gladly delegate to Indian botanists. Species have been distinguished by the presence of an awned upper lemma and hairs on the callus. In the isotype of A. fuscata (U) there is an awn and the callus is puberulous. Using the keys of Bor (1955, 1960) and Sreekumar & Nair (1991) this would belong to what they call A. purpurea. Among the 5 isotypes of A. purpurea there were inflorescences with no or very few awned upper lemmas, and others with predominantly awned ones. It is not, as Steudel presumed, because the awns have fallen off. The only other collection available, Perrotet 1231 from the Nilgiris, was a similar mixture. In these collections the calli were glabrous. I have assumed that all are conspecific. Some spikelets of the var. laxa are proliferous. It is noted to grow together with the typical variety, so one wonders whether it should be distinguished, and a new combination is not proposed here.	en	Veldkamp, J. F. (2015): Arundinella (Gramineae) in Malesia with notes on other taxa and on aluminium accumulation. Blumea 59 (3): 167-179, DOI: 10.3767/000651915X687840, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651915x687840
03C74626533DFF90545D0158FAB772B8.taxon	description	Plants perennial. Culms tufted, erect, 0.75 – 2 m long. Nodes glabrous, puberulous, or bearded. Sheaths pilose to pilose with bb hairs. Throat hairy. Ligule 0.2 – 0.3 mm high, glabrous. Blades rather stiff, flat to involute, linear, 15 – 27 cm by 7 – 16 mm, glabrous to pilose on both sides, margins scaberulous. Peduncle glabrous under the panicle. Panicle loosely to densely contracted, usually interrupted at base, 9 – 40 by 3 – 7 cm, lowermost branches 1 – 15 together, longest one 8 – 20 cm long, branches angular, scaberulous, glabrous. Pedicels scaberulous, apex not setose. Spikelets 2.8 – 4.2 mm long, yellowish or purple. Glumes glabrous; lower glume 2 – 2.9 mm long, 0.7 – 0.76 times as long as the spikelet, about as long as the lower lemma, apex acuminate, 3 - or 5 - nerved; upper glume 3 – 7 - nerved, apex long-acuminate. Lower lemma neuter (paleate) or male, 1.5 – 2.8 mm long, 3 - or 5 - nerved, apex acute; upper lemma 1.5 – 2 mm long, castaneous in fruit, microscopically scaberulous (40 ×!), 0 - nerved, callus hairs 0.3 – 0.6 mm long, 0.2 – 0.37 times as long as the lemma, apex acute, without lateral setae, awn distinctly exserted beyond the glumes, geniculate, 1.7 – 6 mm long when dry, column 0.6 – 1.8 mm long when dry. Anthers 3, 0.5 – 0.9 mm long. Distribution — Mexico to Paraguay, Argentine. Habitat — Lowland savannahs to montane forest edges, edges of fields, 300 – 2000 m altitude. Note — Records for Asia are misidentifications.	en	Veldkamp, J. F. (2015): Arundinella (Gramineae) in Malesia with notes on other taxa and on aluminium accumulation. Blumea 59 (3): 167-179, DOI: 10.3767/000651915X687840, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651915x687840
03C74626533DFF93545D05DCFD197303.taxon	description	Culmi caespitosi. Folia paulo rigida glabra. Paniculae laxe contractae ramis puberulis. Spiculae bruneolae ad purpuree suffusae. Lemmata inferiora 3.8 – 5 mm longa, superiora laevia aristis 2 – 3.1 mm longis (i. s.). — Typus: Van Steenis 20656 (holo L), Taiwan, Hualien Co., Hsoulin Hsiang, Tayu Lin (locality now converted to a vegetable farm).	en	Veldkamp, J. F. (2015): Arundinella (Gramineae) in Malesia with notes on other taxa and on aluminium accumulation. Blumea 59 (3): 167-179, DOI: 10.3767/000651915X687840, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651915x687840
03C74626533DFF93545D05DCFD197303.taxon	distribution	Distribution — Taiwan, Hualien Co., Ta-yu-ling (N 24 ° 11 ' 0 " E 121 ° 18 ' 0 ", type); Nantou, Jenai Hsiang, Yunhai (N 24 ° 3 ' 0 " E 121 ° 16 ' 0 "); Taitung Co., Hsiao-kuei Hu (N 22 ° 44 ' 04 " E 120 ° 53 ' 44 "). Habitat — Open, rather dry grassland, along a trail with Miscanthus transmorrisonensis Hayata, Abies savannah, 1800 – 2500 m altitude. Additional specimens seen. C. - C. Hsu & R. Hsu 3637 (TAI, phoco in L), 3654 (TAI, phoco in L), M. - J. Jung x 022802 (L ex NCKU), M. - J. Jung 13453 (L ex NCKU )), S. - Y. Ku 20410 (L ex NCKU), Nakamura T- 4959 (TAI, phoco in L). Perhaps Ohwi 1424 (US) not seen by me, but mentioned by Phipps (1967 a: 1047) belongs here. Note — Most similar is A. filiformis (incl. A. humilior): –. Panicle fairly lax to lax, branches smooth or scaberulous. Upper glume apex long-acuminate. Upper lemma 1 – 2 mm long, microscopically scaberulous (40 ×!), awn 3.5 – 7.3 mm long when dry .......................... A. filiformis –. Panicle loosely contracted, branches puberulous. Upper glume apex acuminate. Upper lemma 2.4 – 3 mm long, smooth, awn 2 – 3.1 mm long when dry ..... A. taiwanica	en	Veldkamp, J. F. (2015): Arundinella (Gramineae) in Malesia with notes on other taxa and on aluminium accumulation. Blumea 59 (3): 167-179, DOI: 10.3767/000651915X687840, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/000651915x687840
