Tautoneura Anufriev, 1969

Lin, Shuanghu, Zou, Hongfen & Zhang, Yalin, 2024, Taxonomic study of the leafhopper genus Tautoneura Anufriev with four new species and one new record, and one new species for Qadria Mahmood (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae: Erythroneurini) from China, Zootaxa 5463 (1), pp. 84-96 : 84-87

Tautoneura Anufriev, 1969

Tautoneura Anufriev, 1969: 186 ;

Erythroneura (Balia) Dworakowska, 1970: 347 ;

Erythroneura (Havelia) Ahmed, 1971: 277 .

Type species: Tautoneura tricolor Anufriev, 1969 , by original designation.

Description. Body small and slim, color milky to pale yellow. Head narrower or about equal to pronotum in width. Crown with anterior margin angulate or slightly rounded, produced medially; coronal suture distinct, but usually not extended to vertex. Face flat or convex in profile, anteclypeus and lorum long and slim. Forewing usually with spots or patterns, AA and AP vein not visible. Hind wing with RA vein usually present, submarginal vein (av) developed.

Abdominal apodemes developed, extended to sternite IV–Ⅴ, or not exceeding sternite III in few species. Anal tube with or without developed appendage.

Pygofer with dorsal appendage articulated to pygofer side; most species with ventral appendage. Pygofer with macrosetae at cephalo-ventral angle of lobe and several microsetae scattered on inner side of posterior margin. Subgenital plate broadened subbasally, with row of microsetae along outer margin, basal setae larger and forming a group, 3–4 macrosetae in different lengths near middle and several microsetae scattered on apical part. Style with apex varies among species, preapical lobe distinct. Connective Y-shaped, with manubrium and central lobe present. Aedeagal shaft usually tubular, with or without process, processes symmetrical or not, gonopore subapical to apical on ventral surface, preatrium developed with processes in a few species.

Distribution. Palaearctic, Oriental regions.

Species checklist of Tautoneura from China

T. ahmedi Dworakowska, 1977: 290 , Figs 69–76. China (Hubei, Guizhou, Yunnan); India

T. albida ( Dworakowska, 1970) : 353, Figs 51, 52, 65–70. China (Guangdong, Guizhou)

T. apicidentata Lin & Zhang sp. nov. Figs 1a–d , 2 . China (Yunnan)

T. arachisi ( Matsumura, 1916) : 397; Dworakowska, 1970: 348, Figs 10, 27–33; Ahmed, 1971: 177, Fig. 2 ; Dworakowska & Sohi, 1978: 39. China (Henan, Anhui, Fujian, Jiangxi, Hunan, Sichuan, Guizhou, Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi, Taiwan); Japan; India

T. aureomarginalis Tan & Song, 2022: 280 , Figs 1–4 , 9–16. China (Guizhou)

T. baiyunshana Song, Li & Xiong, 2011: 65 , Figs 1 –9. China (Henan)

T. bicruris Lin & Zhang sp. nov. Figs 1e–h , 3 . China (Guangxi)

T. bracteiformis Lin & Zhang sp. nov. Figs 1m –p , 5 . China (Guangdong)

T. caoi Song, Li & Xiong, 2011: 69 , Figs 19–27 China (Gansu)

T. choui Ma, 1983: 149 , Figs 1 –8. China (Shaanxi)

T. diasonica ( Chiang & Knight, 1990) : 215, Fig 13; Yang, Cao & Zhang, 2013: 139 . China (Taiwan)

T. elscinta ( Chiang & Knight, 1990) : 217, Fig 14; Yang, Cao & Zhang, 2013: 139 . China (Yunnan, Taiwan)

T. erythropanctata ( Ramakrishnan & Menon, 1973) :32; Dworakowska, 1981: 241, Figs 78–85. China (Yunnan); India

T. formosa ( Dworakowska, 1970) : 353, Figs71–73, 79–83; Dworakowska, 1977: 290. China (Jiangsu)

T. fusca ( Dworakowska, 1970) :353, Figs 56–64; Dworakowska, 1977: 290. China (Guangdong)

T. gigaerythromacula Lin & Zhang sp. nov. Figs 1i–l , 4 . China (Shaanxi)

T. indefinita ( Dworakowska, 1970) n. rec.: 348, Figs 15, 16, 43–47, 55; Song, Li & Xiong, 2011: 71. China (Hubei); Fiji; Western Samoa

T. lageniformis Pu & Song, 2022: 280 , Figs 5 –8, 17–24. China (Guizhou)

T. longiprocessa Song & Li, 2008: 65 , Figs 11–20, 25, 26. China (Guizhou)

T. mayarami Mathew & Ramakrishnan, 1996: 1 , Fig 1 . China (Guizhou); India

T. misrai Dworakowska, 1977: 290 , Figs. 77–86. China (Yunnan); India

T. mori ( Matsumura, 1910) :121; Dworakowska, 1970: 347, Figs 17–23, 74–78. China (Shaanxi, Zhejiang, Henan, Hebei)

T. mukla Dworakowska, 1981: 197 , Figs 481–491. China (Gansu, Yunnan); India

T. multimaculata Song & Li, 2008: 63 , Figs 1 –10. China (Guizhou)

T. prima Dworakowska, 1979: 27 , Figs 222–231. China (Yunnan); Vietnam

T. puerensis ( Song & Li, 2012) : 30, Figs 18–24; Yang, Cao & Zhang, 2013: 140 . China (Yunnan)

T. sanguinalis ( Distant, 1918) : 101; Dworakowska, 1979: 157, Figs 124–129. China (Shandong); India

T. sinica Dworakowska, 1970: 348 , Figs 3 –9, 40–42; Dworakowska, 1977: 290. China (Shaanxi, Jiangsu, Guangdong)

T. takaonella ( Matsumura, 1932) : 118; Dworakowska, 1970: 348, Figs 11–13. China (Taiwan); Japan

T. tengchongna Song & Li, 2014: 176 , Fig 2 .117. China (Yunnan)

T. trimaculata Song & Li, 2013: 35 , Figs. 10–18. China (Henan, Shaanxi)

T. tripunctula ( Melichar, 1903) : 220; Dworakowska, 1981: 241; Dworakowska, 1994: Figs 30–31. China (Guizhou); India; Sri Lanka; Sikkim; Java

T. unicolor Dworakowska, 1979: 29 , Figs 196–208. China (Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan); Vietnam

T. yunnanensis Song, Li & Xiong, 2011: 67 , Figs 10–18. China (Hubei, Yunnan)

Key to species of the genus Tautoneura from China (males)

1. Crown with two longitudinal red stripes convergent at apex.................................................... 2 Vertex without convergent longitudinal stripes ( Figs 1a, c, e, g, i, k, m, o )......................................... 3

2. Forewing with spots on apical cells....................................................... T. mori (Matsumura) Forewing without spot on apical cells................................................. T. takaonella (Matsumura)

3. Aedeagal shaft without process.......................................................................... 4 Aedeagal shaft with one or more processes ( Figs 2h, i , 3h, i , 4h, i , 5h, i )......................................... 11

4. Aedeagus with 1 pair of preatrium processes................................................................ 5 Aedeagus without preatrium process...................................................................... 6

5. Pygofer dorsal appendage almost straight in lateral view................................... T. arachisi (Matsumura) Pygofer dorsal appendage curved ventrad............................... T. erythropanctata (Ramakrishnan & Menon)

6. Style with second extension relatively long................................................................. 7 Style with second extension relatively short................................................................ 8

7. Connective with manubrium long and slim.......................................... T. elscinta (Chiang & Knight) Connective with manubrium not as above.................................................................. 9

8. Pygofer with ventral appendage........................................................ T. misrai Dworakowska Pygofer without ventral appendage............................................. T. yunnanensis Song, Li & Xiong

9. Aedeagal shaft with apex bifurcated.................................................... T. mukla Dworakowska Aedeagal shaft with apex not bifurcated.................................................................. 10

10. Abdominal apodemes extending to middle of sternite III............................. T. diasonica (Chiang & Knight) Abdominal apodemes extending to middle of sternite IV.................................. T. tengchongna Song & Li

11. Aedeagal shaft with 2 pairs of processes ( Figs 4h, i )......................................................... 12 Aedeagal shaft not with 2 pairs of processes ( Figs 2h, i , 3h, i , 5h, i )............................................. 17

12. Aedeagal shaft with upper processes long and lower processes extremely short ( Figs 4h, i ).......................... 13 Aedeagal shaft with both pairs of processes long........................................................... 14

13. Male 2S abdominal apodemes long and broad, extending to sternite Ⅴ...................... T. longiprocessa Song & Li Male 2S abdominal apodemes small, not exceeding sternite IV ( Fig. 4b )......................................... 15

14. Connective with manubrium long and slim............................................ T. formosa (Dworakowska) Connective with manubrium degraded............................................. T. aureomarginalis Tan & Song

15. Anal tube appendage not extending to inferior margin of pygofer side........................................... 16 Anal tube appendage exceeding inferior margin of pygofer side ( Figs 4a, d )..... T. gigaerythromacula Lin & Zhang sp. nov.

16. Forewing with 2 spots near outer margin......................................... T. baiyunshana Song, Li & Xiong Forewing without spot near outer margin............................................... T. lageniformis Pu & Song

17. Aedeagal shaft with asymmetrical processes ( Figs 5h, i )...................................................... 18 Aedeagal shaft with symmetrical processes ( Figs 2h, i , 3h, i ).................................................. 19

18. Aedeagal shaft with apical process...................................................... T. sanguinalis (Distant) Aedeagal shaft without apical process....................................... T. bracteiformis Lin & Zhang sp. nov.

19. Aedeagal shaft with basal or subbasal processes............................................................ 20 Aedeagal shaft with apical or subapical processes ( Figs 2h, i , 3h, i )............................................. 24

20. Pygofer dorsal appendage not bifurcated.................................................................. 21 Pygofer dorsal appendage bifurcated..................................................................... 22

21. Aedeagus with preatrium subequal to shaft................................... T. mayarami Mathew & Ramakrishnan Aedeagus with preatrium much shorter than shaft......................................... T. trimaculata Song & Li

22. Pygofer dorsal appendage bifurcated subapically......................................... T. caoi Song, Li & Xiong Pygofer dorsal appendage bifurcated medially............................................................. 23

23. Aedeagal shaft with processes divergent from shaft....................................... T. ahmedi Dworakowska Aedeagal shaft with processes adjoining shaft............................................ T. albida (Dworakowska)

24. Aedeagal shaft with processes subapically................................................................. 25 Aedeagal shaft with processes apically ( Figs 2h, i , 3h, i )..................................................... 28

25. Pygofer with ventral appendage......................................................................... 26 Pygofer without ventral appendage................................................... T. unicolor Dworakowska

26. Aedeagal shaft with dentations or finger-like processes...................................................... 27 Aedeagal shaft with robust processes.................................................... T. sinica Dworakowska

27. Aedeagal shaft with finger-like processes................................................ T. prima Dworakowska Aedeagal shaft with dentations................................................ T. indefinita (Dworakowska) n.rec.

28. Style with apex long and slim.......................................................................... 29 Style with apex relatively short ( Figs 2f, g , 3f, g )........................................................... 30

29. Male 2S abdominal apodemes long, extending to middle of sternite Ⅴ......................... T. puerensis (Song & Li) Male 2S abdominal apodemes short, not extending to sternite IV............................. T. fusca (Dworakowska)

30. Pronotum with red pattern nearly rectangular medially............................................... T. choui Ma Pronotum without red pattern ( Figs 1a, c, e, g )............................................................. 31

31. Forewing with several large orange spots, and red spots or stripes scattered on some areas ( Figs 1q, r )................................................................................................ T. multimaculata Song & Li Forewing with red or black spots small and inconspicuous ( Figs 1a, b, e, f )....................................... 32

32. Forewing with red spots ( Figs 1a, b )..................................................................... 33 Forewing with 3 black spots ( Figs 1e, f )...................................... T. apicidentata Lin & Zhang sp. nov.

33. Forewing with 3 red spots........................................................... T. tripunctula (Melichar) Forewing with 1 red spot ( Figs 1a, b )............................................. T. bicruris Lin & Zhang sp. nov.

Figures

FIGURE 1. a–d. Tautoneura apicidentata Lin & Zhang sp. nov. e–h. Tautoneura bicruris Lin & Zhang sp. nov. i–l. Tautoneura gigaerythromacula Lin & Zhang sp. nov. m–p. Tautoneura bracteiformis Lin & Zhang sp. nov. q–t. Qadria longibinata Lin & Zhang sp. nov. a, c, e, g, i, k, m, o, q, s. dorsal view; b, f, j, n, r. lateral view; d, h, l, p, t. face.

FIGURE 2. Tautoneura apicidentata Lin & Zhang sp. nov. a. pygofer, lateral view; b. abdominal apodemes; c. pygofer dorsal appendage and anal appendage; d. pygofer ventral appendage; e. connective; f. style, ventral view; g. style, lateral view; h. aedeagus, lateral view; i. aedeagus, ventral view.

FIGURE 3. Tautoneura bicruris Lin & Zhang sp. nov. a. pygofer, lateral view; b. abdominal apodemes; c. pygofer dorsal appendage; d. pygofer ventral appendage; e. connective; f. style, ventral view; g. style, lateral view; h. aedeagus, lateral view; i. aedeagus, ventral view.

FIGURE 4. Tautoneura gigaerythromacula Lin & Zhang sp. nov. a. pygofer, lateral view; b. abdominal apodemes; c. pygofer dorsal appendage; d. anal appendage; e. connective; f. style, ventral view; g. style, lateral view; h. aedeagus, lateral view; i. aedeagus, ventral view.

FIGURE 5. Tautoneura bracteiformis Lin & Zhang sp. nov. a. pygofer, lateral view; b. abdominal apodemes; c. pygofer dorsal appendage; d. pygofer ventral appendage; e. connective; f. style, ventral view; g. style, lateral view; h. aedeagus, lateral view; i. aedeagus, ventral view.