Procryphalus Hopkins, 1915: 33 Hemicryphalus, Schedl, 1963

Johnson, Andrew J., Hulcr, Jiri, Knížek, Miloš, Atkinson, Thomas H., Mandelshtam, Michail Yu., Smith, Sarah M., Cognato, Anthony I., Park, Sangwook, Li, You & Jordal, Bjarte H., 2020, Revision of the Bark Beetle Genera Within the Former Cryphalini (Curculionidae: Scolytinae), Insect Systematics and Diversity 4 (3), No. 1, pp. 1-81 : 60

Procryphalus Hopkins, 1915: 33

( Fig. 31 )

Type of genus

Procryphalus populi Hopkins, 1915 .

Diagnosis

Distinguished from other Ernoporini and former Cryphalini by the rounded lateral margins of the pronotum, by the eye oval, sometimes weakly emarginated, with the top half wider than the lower half, and by the proventriculus with clusters of giant spines.

Female

Elongate in appearance, at least 2.7 times as long as wide. Frons convex, slightly elongate. Eye oval, sometimes weakly emarginated, with the top half wider than the lower half. Antennae with four funicle segments. Antennal club with one complete septum, and an additional straight suture. Pronotum with marginal asperities, sometimes anteriorly projected. Pronotum constricted and narrower than elytra. Lateral margin of pronotum rounded. All species mature black with pale scales. Proventriculus with large, sclerotized crop spines in clusters just anterior to the anterior plate.

Male

Externally similar to female. Penis apodemes much shorter than penis body, fused at apex. Tegmen open dorsally, and of a similar thickness to penis apodemes. A very small median tegminal apodeme is present. Spiculum gastrale thicker than penis apodemes, with a fork. Basal sclerites visible. Genitalia very similar to Hemicryphalus .

Distribution

Holarctic, with one additional species from tropical Southeast Asia ( Thailand).

Remarks

Four species known. Externally very similar to some species of Eidophelus , distinguished only by the antennae, by the rounded lateral margin of the pronotum, and by the proventriculus which has clusters of large long spines compared to sclerotized contiguous short spines in Eidophelus . The recent transfer of Dryocoetiops petioli to Procryphalus ( Beaver et al. 2019) is supported by several multi-gene phylogenies ( Jordal and Cognato 2012, Pistone et al. 2018) and the similar aedeagus and proventriculus (short apical plate with clusters of long crop spines). Very similar and dubiously distinct from Hemicryphalus , but available molecular data did not support the morphological similarity.

Type material examined

Holotype Cryphalus mucronatus LeConte, 1879 ( MCZ) ; ‘Cotype’ Ernoporus fraxini Berger, 1917 ( NHMW) .

Included species Procryphalus fraxini ( Berger, 1917: 238) (Ernoporus) . Procryphalus mucronatus ( LeConte, 1879: 518) (Cryphalus) .

= Procryphalus idahoensis Hopkins, 1915: 34 (syn: Wood, 1954).

= Procryphalus populi Hopkins, 1915: 34 (syn: Wood, 1954). Procryphalus petioli (Beaver, 1990: 281) (Dryocoetiops) Procryphalus utahensis Hopkins, 1915: 33 .

= Procryphalus aceris Hopkins, 1915: 33 (syn: Wood, 1954).

= Procryphalus salicis Hopkins, 1915: 33 (syn: Wood, 1954).

Figures

Figure 31. Images of Procryphalus spp.: Dorsal and lateral photographs of A) P. fraxini, B) P. mucronatus, C) P. petioli, D) eye and antennae of P.mucronatus, E) male genitalia of P. mucronatus, F) proventriculus of P. mucronatus.