Issoria hanningtoni hanningtoni ( Elwes, 1889 )

Liseki, Steven D. & Vane-Wright, Richard I., 2018, Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) of Mount Kilimanjaro: Nymphalidae subfamily Helconiinae, Journal of Natural History 52 (39 - 40), pp. 2511-2552 : 2545

Issoria hanningtoni hanningtoni ( Elwes, 1889)

SI: Figure 34a – f.

Forewing length: male 16.5 – 20.5 mm [mean (n = 7) 18.71 mm, SD = 0.977]; female 17.5 – 21.0 mm [mean (n = 2) 19.00 mm, SD = 0.707].

Note: The type material of I. hanningtoni is said to have come from the forests of Taveta ( Elwes 1889, p. 558) – but at less than 1000 m, this region seems far too low (see discussion under ‘ Records ’). There is evidence to suggest that, instead, the original material may have come from Mt Kilimanjaro, at 1500 – 2650 m (see Appendix 1) .

Of the three subspecies currently recognised, I. h. jeanneli Bernardi, 1968, differs from both other subspecies in having the black parafocal elements (sensu Otaki 2009) of the wing undersides completely obsolete or nearly so (compare SI Fig 34 b,d, where the parafocals in males are very distinct, with Larsen ’ s (1996, pl. 51, fig. 634ii) image of subspecies jeanneli in which they are entirely missing on the forewing underside, and almost so on the hindwing). Note that d ’ Abrera (2004, p. 261) evidently illustrated a male underside of jeanneli, not the nominotypical race as stated.