Pyrops, Spinola, 1839

Constant, Jérôme & Pham, Hong Thai, 2022, The Lanternfly genus Pyrops in Vietnam: A new species from Central Vietnam, taxonomic changes, checklist, identification key (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Fulgoridae), European Journal of Taxonomy 813 (1), pp. 123-154 : 138-139

Identification key to the species of Pyrops of Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia and Southern Continental China

1. Cephalic process strongly inflated apically ( Figs 9–11 ) ................................................................... 2

– Cephalic process not strongly inflated apically ( Figs 12–19 ) ........................................................... 3

2. Abdomen black ventrally ( Fig. 9B ); tegmina pale yellow-white on disc and with 3 black spots in costal area before nodal line ( Fig. 9A ); cephalic process yellow ( Fig. 9 ) .......................................... ........................................................................................................ Pyrops atroalbus ( Distant, 1918)

– Abdomen red ventrally ( Figs 10B , 11B ); tegmina largely black on disc ( Fig. 10A ), or in the pale forms, bluish white on disc and without black spots in costal area ( Fig. 11A, F ); cephalic process red-brown to black ( Figs 10–11 ) ................................................. Pyrops clavatus ( Westwood, 1839)

3. Head entirely green, hind wings bright yellow basally or entirely yellow-orange ( Figs 12–13 ) ..... 4

– Head not entirely green, hind wings yellow, white or blue basally ( Figs 14–19 ) ............................ 5

4. Hind wings bright yellow with apical third black ( Fig. 12A ); ground colour of distal half of tegmina black ( Fig. 12A ); anterior and median legs largely black ( Fig. 12A–C ) ............................................ ................................................................................................ Pyrops viridirostris (Westwood, 1848)

– Hind wings entirely bright yellow-orange ( Fig. 13A ); ground colour of distal half of tegmina green ( Fig. 13A ); anterior and median legs green ( Fig. 13A–C ) ............ Pyrops itoi (Satô & Nagai, 1994)

5. Cephalic process black or brown-black dorsally, yellowish ventrally ( Figs 4–5 , 14–15 ); pro- and mesonotum with median black or dark brown markings ( Figs 4–5 , 14–15 ) .................................... 6

– Cephalic process yellow-red to red-brown dorsally, paler, yellow to dark red ventrally ( Figs 16–19 ); pronotum unicolourous, mesonotum sometimes with small brown-black markings on sides ( Figs 16– 19 ) ..................................................................................................................................................... 8

6. Apex of cephalic process coloured like the rest of the process ( Figs 4–5 , 15 ) ................................. 7

– Apex of cephalic process yellow to orange-red, strongly contrasting ( Figs 6–7 , 14 ) ........................ ............................................................................................................ Pyrops lathburii ( Kirby, 1818)

7. Tegmina narrower: LTg/BTg = 2.9 ( Figs 4A , 5A ); spots on basal half of tegmina not fused into bands ( Figs 4A , 5A ); cephalic process narrower (LPr/BPrH> 9) ( Figs 4–5 ); hind wings bright yellow ( Fig. 4A ) or white basally ( Fig. 5A ) ...................................... Pyrops condorinus ( Lallemand, 1960)

– Tegmina broader: LTg/BTg = 2.53 ( Fig. 15A ); spots on basal half of tegmina fused into transverse bands ( Fig. 15A ); cephalic process broader (LPr/BPrH <8) ( Fig. 15 ); hind wings always bright yellow basally ( Fig. 15A ) ....................................................................... Pyrops spinolae (Westwood, 1842)

8. Hind wings white with sutural margin bordered with black up to the anal lobe ( Fig. 1A ); cephalic process very narrow (LPr/BPrH = 19) ( Fig. 1 ) ............................................ Pyrops buomvoi sp. nov.

– Hind wings white, bright yellow or blue with only apical third black ( Figs 16A , 17A , 18A , 19A ); cephalic process broader (LPr/BPrH <10) ( Figs 16–19 ) ................................................................. 9

9. Hind wings bright yellow basally ( Fig. 16A ); cephalic process bright red, yellow ventrally ( Fig. 16 ); yellow spots on membrane of tegmina ( Fig. 16A ) ......................... Pyrops candelaria (Linné, 1758)

– Hind wings white or blue basally ( Figs 17A , 18A , 19A ); cephalic process dark red-brown and dark red ventrally or dark red, orange ventrally and at apex ( Figs 17–19 ); yellow spots on membrane of tegmina ( Figs 18–19 ) or not ( Fig. 17 ) ............................................................................................ 10

10. Tegmina without yellow spots on membrane ( Fig. 17A ); cephalic process dark red, orange ventrally and at apex ( Fig. 17 ); hind wings pale blue to white basally ( Fig. 17A ); basal half of tegmina whitish with white-margined green spots in transverse rows, sometimes fused in bands ( Fig. 17A ) ............................................................................................... Pyrops ducalis (Stål, 1863)

– Tegmina with yellow spots on membrane ( Figs 18A , 19A ); cephalic process dark red-brown, dark red ventrally ( Figs 18–19 ); hind wings white or blue basally; basal half of tegmina dark green or dark blue-green with yellow spots ( Figs 18A , 19A ) ................................................................................11

11. Hind wings blue basally (sometimes faded to nearly white in collections specimens) ( Fig. 18A ); cephalic process very elongate and strongly curved dorsad ( Fig. 18 ); ground colour of tegmina dark blue-green ( Fig. 18A ) ....................................................................... Pyrops coelestinus (Stål, 1863)

– Hind wings white basally ( Fig. 19A ); cephalic process very elongate and curved dorsad ( Fig. 19 ); ground colour of tegmina green ( Fig. 19A ) .................................... Pyrops vitalisius ( Distant, 1918)

Figures

Fig. 9. Pyrops atroalbus (Distant, 1918), ♀, Vietnam, Quang Tri Prov., Da Krong Nature Reserve, 10 Jul. 2011 (VNMN). A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Habitus, ventral view. C. Habitus, lateral view. D. Head and thorax, lateral view. E. Head, perpendicular view of frons. F. Apex of cephalic process, anteroventral view. D–F = not to scale.

Fig. 10. Pyrops clavatus (Westwood, 1839), ♀♀, Thailand, Chiang Mai, Dec. 2007 (RBINS). A–E. Dark specimen with cephalic process brown ventrally. A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Habitus, ventral view. C. Habitus, lateral view. D. Head and thorax, lateral view. E. Head, perpendicular view of frons. F–G. Dark specimen with black cephalic process. F. Head and thorax, lateral view. G. Head, perpendicular view of frons. D–G = not to scale.

Fig. 11. Pyrops clavatus (Westwood, 1839), ♀♀, Thailand, Chiang Mai, Dec. 2007 (RBINS). A–E. Pale specimen. A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Habitus, ventral view. C. Head and thorax, lateral view. D. Head, perpendicular view of frons. E. Habitus, lateral view. F. Intermediate specimen with cephalic process black dorsally, habitus, dorsal view. C–D = not to scale.

Fig. 12. Pyrops viridirostris (Westwood, 1848), ♀, Thailand, Kanchanaburi Prov., Say Yok N.P., 4–5 Jun. 2003 (RBINS). A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Habitus, ventral view. C. Habitus, lateral view. D. Head and thorax, lateral view. E. Head, perpendicular view of frons. F. Apex of cephalic process, anteroventral view. D–F = not to scale.

Fig. 13. Pyrops itoi (Satô & Nagai, 1994), ♀, Thailand, Khao Soi Dao Wildlife Sanctuary, May 2012 (RBINS). A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Habitus, ventral view. C. Habitus, lateral view. D. Head and thorax, lateral view. E. Head, perpendicular view of frons. D–E = not to scale.

Fig. 14. Pyrops lathburii (Kirby, 1818), ♀, Vietnam, Cao Bang Prov., Phia Den, 8 Aug. 2010 (RBINS). A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Habitus, ventral view. C. Habitus, lateral view. D. Head and thorax, lateral view. E. Head, perpendicular view of frons. D–E = not to scale.

Fig. 15. Pyrops spinolae (Westwood, 1842), ♂, Vietnam, Vinh Phuc Prov., Me Linh Biodiversity Station, 20–24 Aug. 2010 (RBINS). A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Habitus, ventral view. C. Habitus, lateral view. D. Head and thorax, lateral view. E. Head, perpendicular view of frons. F. Apex of cephalic process, anteroventral view. D–F = not to scale.

Fig. 16. Pyrops candelaria (Linné, 1758), ♀, Vietnam, Vinh Phuc Prov., Me Linh Biodiversity Station, 20–24 Aug. 2010 (RBINS). A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Habitus, ventral view. C. Habitus, lateral view. D. Head and thorax, lateral view. E. Head, perpendicular view of frons. F. Apex of cephalic process, anteroventral view. D–F = not to scale.

Fig. 17. Pyrops ducalis (Stål, 1863), ♂, Vietnam, Dong Nai Biosphere Reserve, 25 Jun.–6 Jul. 2012 (RBINS). A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Habitus, ventral view. C. Habitus, lateral view. D. Head and thorax, lateral view. E. Head, perpendicular view of frons. F. Apex of cephalic process, anteroventral view. D–F = not to scale.

Fig. 18. Pyrops coelestinus (Stål, 1863), ♀, Vietnam, Dong Nai Prov., Vinh Cuu, Phu Ly, 27 Jul. 2008 (VNMN). A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Habitus, ventral view. C. Habitus, lateral view. D. Head and thorax, lateral view. E. Head, perpendicular view of frons. F. Apex of cephalic process, anteroventral view. D–F = not to scale.

Fig. 19. Pyrops vitalisius (Distant, 1918), ♂, Vietnam, Ninh Binh Prov., Cuc Phuong N.P., 11–18 Jul. 2010 (RBINS). A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Habitus, ventral view. C. Habitus, lateral view. D. Head and thorax, lateral view. E. Head, perpendicular view of frons. F. Apex of cephalic process, anteroventral view. D–F = not to scale.

Fig. 4. Pyrops condorinus (Lallemand, 1960), holotype ♂ (FSAG). A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Habitus, ventral view. C. Habitus, lateral view. D. Head and thorax, lateral view. E. Labels and genitalia tube. F. Head, perpendicular view of frons. G. Apex of cephalic process, anteroventral view. D–G = not to scale.

Fig. 5. Pyrops condorinus (Lallemand, 1960), ♂, Vietnam, Phu Quoc N.P., 14 Apr. 2013 (VNMN). A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Habitus, ventral view. C. Habitus, lateral view. D. Head and thorax, lateral view. E. Head, perpendicular view of frons. F. Apex of cephalic process, anteroventral view. D–F = not to scale.

Fig. 6. Pyrops lathburii (Kirby, 1818), lectotype ♀ (BMNH). A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Habitus, lateral view. C. Labels.

Fig. 7. Pyrops astarte (Distant, 1914), holotype ♀ (BMNH). A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Habitus, lateral view. C. Labels.

Fig. 1. Pyrops buomvoi sp. nov., paratype ♀ (RBINS). A. Habitus, ventral view. B. Habitus, dorsal view. C. Head and thorax, dorsal view. D. Habitus, lateral view. E. Head and thorax, lateral view. F. Head and thorax, anterolateral view. G. Head, perpendicular view of frons. C, E–G = not to scale.