Navarretia paradoxinota L.A.Johnson & D.Gowen, 2013

Johnson, Leigh A., Gowen, David & Jensen, Angela B., 2013, Cryptic speciation: distinguishing serpentine affiliated sister species Navarretia paradoxiclara and N. paradoxinota from N. intertexta (Polemoniaceae), Phytotaxa 91 (2), pp. 27-38 : 35-36

Navarretia paradoxinota L.A.Johnson & D.Gowen , sp. nov. ( Fig. 3B, F, J, L, Q–S ).

A species similar to Navarretia intertexta in gross morphology, but distinguished by having stamens shorter relative to the corolla lobes and predominantly occurring on serpentine derived soils. Similar and genetically closer to Navarretia paradoxiclara , but distinguished by having smaller corollas that are pure white rather than light blue fading to white.

TYPE: — U.S.A. California: Napa County, In depressions along southeast side of Snell road within 50 yards of jct. with Butts Canyon Road. Serpentine influenced soils, 38.69642° N 122.44412° W, 180 m, 27 May 2009, Johnson, Gowen, & Mort 09-021 (holotype BRY!; isotypes JEPS!, MO!, NY!, RSA!).

Taprooted annuals with architecture, stem, leaf, and inflorescence descriptions paralleling N. paradoxiclara , but varying in the following particulars: Flowers. Calyx 6.4–9.5 mm long. Corolla white, exserted or included in calyx, 6.5–9.5 mm long, lobes rounded, 1.2–1.75 mm long, 0.5–1.25 mm wide. Stamen filaments 1.6–2.8(– 3.3) mm long and inserted 0.9–1.8 mm below sinuses; the anthers 0.55–0.9 mm long, exserted to tips of corolla lobes or below. Style 4.5–7 mm long.

Habitat, Distribution, and Phenology:— Navarretia paradoxinota occurs in serpentine influenced soils that are at least seasonally moist or best characterized as drainages, alone or among grasses. This taxon is presently known from fewer than 10 sites in Colusa, Lake, and Napa counties, California, and blooms primarily from mid May to late June (early July).

Etymology:— This specific epithet is derived from the Latin paradoxus —contrary to expectation, and Nota —mark. Nota is to honor Dr. J. Mark Porter, a faculty at the Claremont Graduate University, researcher at Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden, and friend with a career long interest in Polemoniaceae that has contributed substantially to our present understanding of relationships in this family. Paradoxus refers to the unexpected genetic similarity of this taxon to N. paradoxiclara and unexpected molecular divergence from N. intertexta .

Additional specimens examined (paratypes):— U.S.A. California: Colusa County, serpentine soil along a wet drainage, east edge of Buck Flat meadow adjacent to Walker Ridge Road , 39°7.798’N, 122°29.598’W, 2758 ft, 6 June 2012, Gowen 1182 ( BRY, JEPS) ; Lake County, Serpentine chaparral, Butts Canyon Road , 5–8 miles south of Middletown , 900 ft, 29 June 1980, Breedlove 44829 ( CAS) ; 3 miles east Middletown , 30 May 1946, Mason 12798 ( JEPS) ; West of Walker Ridge Road, in meadow near camping area north of Barrel Spring , serpentine, 792 m, 14 June 2010, Gowen 1129 ( BRY, JEPS, RSA) ; North of Butts Canyon Road, 7.9 miles east of Middletown, Serpentine , 38.71842°N, 122.49565°W, 311 m, 30 May 2009, Johnson & Gowen 09-053 ( BRY, JEPS) ; Butts Canyon Road , 0.6 miles North of Lake Co. line, along stream near pond, 15 June 2009, Gowen 1068 ( BRY, JEPS) ; Serpentine area, open flat near Barrel Spring, Walker Ridge , 39°08’48.2”N, 122°28’42.0”W, 691 m, 2 July 2005, Ahart & Schlising 12131 ( BRY, CHSC, JEPS) ; Napa County, Snell Wildflower Preserve, SW side of Snell Valley Road, east of Butts Canyon Road , 165 m, 15 June 2009, Gowen 1062 ( BRY, JEPS, RSA) ; Along Snell Valley Road within 50 yards of jct with Butts Canyon road, 26 May 1996, Johnson 96-012 ( BRY) .

Notes:—The first author first collected this species in 1996 at the type locality where the label records “stamens equally exserted to middle of corolla lobes”, a diagnostic observation not appreciated at that time. Later lab work revealed the genetic differences between this material and N. intertexta , which led to subsequent field and lab work cumulating in this work. This species was included in Johnson et al. (2012 b) as “ Navarretia sp. nov. 1-CA.“

Figures

FIGURE 3. Features of Navarretia paradoxiclara (all Johnson, Gowen & Mort 09-032) and N. paradoxinota (all Johnson, Gowen & Mort 09-021), with some comparison to N. intertexta and N. propinqua. All vouchers deposited at BRY unless otherwise indicated. A– D. flowers, top and side views, scale bar = 1 cm. A. N. paradoxiclara. B. N. paradoxinota. C. N. intertexta Gowen 1133, 1134-B. D. N. propinqua Johnson & Johnson 11-076. E–H. Corolla dissections, scale bar = 1 cm. E. N. paradoxiclara. F. N. paradoxinota. G. N. intertexta (left = Gowen 1133; right = Ahart 3453 [CAS]). H. N. propinqua Johnson & Johnson 09-067. I–J. Plant habit (note, either species can have a single leader (I) or be variously branched (J), scale bar = 1 cm. I. N. paradoxiclara. J. N. paradoxinota. K–L. Inflorescence, scale bars = 2 cm. K. N. paradoxiclara. L. N. paradoxinota. M–N. Outer inflorescence bract, N. paradoxiclara, scale bar = 1 cm. M. Adaxial view. N. Lateral view. O–P. Inner inflorescence bract, N. paradoxiclara, scale bar = 1 cm. O. Adaxial view. P. Lateral view. Q. Pollen grain, N. paradoxinota, scale bar = 10 µm. R. mature capsule, N. paradoxinota, scale bar = 1 mm (distal end to the left). S. Partially hydrated seed with thin halo of mucilaginous spiracles, N. paradoxinota, scale bar = 1 mm.