Phonognatha graeffei, (KEYSERLING, 1865)

Kallal, Robert J. & Hormiga, Gustavo, 2018, Systematics, phylogeny and biogeography of the Australasian leaf-curling orb-weaving spiders (Araneae: Araneidae: Zygiellinae), with a comparative analysis of retreat evolution, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 184, pp. 1055-1141 : 1080-1084

PHONOGNATHA GRAEFFEI ( KEYSERLING, 1865)

FIGS 10A, 11–14

Epeira graeffei Keyserling, 1865: 811 , plate 19, figs 12–13 (female). L. Koch, 1871: 98.

Phonognatha graeffei Simon, 1894: 748 , figs. 829–831 (female). Davies, 1988: 288, fig. 10 (female, male). Hormiga et al., 1995: 323, figs 5K, 8A–G (male). Kuntner et al., 2008: 170, figs 11A–C, 11E–G (female, male). Álvarez-Padilla & Hormiga, 2011: 838, figs 125E–F, 136E (male).

Epeira wagneri Rainbow, 1896: 325 , plate 19, fig. 2 (female). Synonymized by Dondale, 1966: 1171, figs 5A–G (male). Examined.

Type material: Syntypes: Australia, New South Wales, Wollongong, E. H. Graeffe ( NHMUK, not examined) .

NOTE: I have examined Levi’s unpublished illustration of the syntype.

Diagnosis: Males of P. graeffei can be distinguished from closely related species based on their palp, which has a pointed mid-conductor process approximately 1/3 the length of the conductor and cymbium approximately as long (or slightly longer) than palpal tibia. Other species in these genera have notably shorter (e.g. P. neocaledonica comb. nov., Artifex gen. nov., Deliochus ) or longer (e.g. P. melania , P. tanyodon sp. nov.) tibiae. Females of P. graeffei have a sclerotized epigynal ridge anterior to copulatory openings, which other Phonognatha lack.

Description

Female ( Figs 11A–D, 12) (from Queensland, Lamington National Park, GH2536): Total length 8.61. Carapace 3.50 long, 2.32 wide, 1.15 high, yellowish brown to reddish brown; sternum 1.71 long, 1.19 wide, of similar colour, with dark margins and pale longitudinal band. Eye rows slightly recurved, anterior row more so than the posterior. AMEs on small prominence; lateral eyes juxtaposed, paired on a small prominences; AME diameter 0.25; AMEs interdistance c. 2/3 AME diameter; AME–PME distance c. 2/3 AME diameter. Clypeus c. 1/2 AME diameter. Paturon yellowish brown to reddish brown, with 3 prolateral and 2 retrolateral teeth; cheliceral fang curves mesally about a third of the way from the paturon. Legs coloured as cephalothorax or slightly lighter; femur I sigmoid; formula 1243: femur I 3.80, patella I 1.61, tibia I 3.65, metatarsus I 4.25, tarsus I 1.25; femur II 2.95, patella II 1.14, tibia II 2.56, metatarsus II, 2.98, tarsus II 1.07; femur III 2.05, patella III 0.82, tibia III 1.16, metatarsus III 1.47, tarsus III 0.72; femur IV 2.60; patella IV 1.01; tibia IV 2.13; metatarsus IV 2.34; tarsus IV 0.76. Abdomen 4.75 long, 3.62 wide, 3.96 high; light brown with pale guanine crystals; four to five pairs of brown markings on dorsum and longitudinal caudal stripe; two longitudinal stripes of guanocytes between epigastric furrow and spinning field. Epigynum with broad sclerotized area, extending anteriorly; copulatory openings facing caudally, with sclerotized ridges; copulatory duct continues anteriorly, then curves posteriorly to spermathecae; fertilization ducts emerge from posterior region of spermathecae and extend dorsally.

Male ( Figs 10A, 11E–I, 13) (from New South Wales, Brisbane Forest Park, AM KS 69633): Total length 7.86. Carapace 3.88 long, 2.96 wide, 1.28 high, yellowish brown to reddish brown; sternum 1.91 long, 1.71 wide, coloured of similar colour as carapace, with darker edges. Eye arrangement as in female. AME diameter 0.17; AMEs interdistance c. 1 AME diameter; AME– PME distance c. 1 AME diameter. Clypeus c. 1 AME diameter. Paturon yellowish brown to reddish brown, with 3 prolateral and 2 retrolateral teeth; cheliceral fang bends mesally by almost 90°, then curving slightly again at approximately midpoint. Legs coloured as cephalothorax, or slightly lighter; femur I sigmoid; formula 1243: femur I 5.15, patella I 1.99, tibia I 5.18, metatarsus I 6.14, tarsus I 1.34; femur II 3.97, patella II 1.71, tibia II 3.89, metatarsus II 4.21, tarsus II 1.21; femur III 2.40, patella III 1.13, tibia III 1.54, metatarsus III 2.11, tarsus III 0.77; femur IV 3.20 patella IV 1.41, tibia IV 2.74, metatarsus IV 3.25, tarsus IV 0.90. Abdomen 4.49 long, 2.63 wide, 2.52 high; light brown with pale guanine crystals; 4–5 pairs of discrete dark brown markings on the dorsum, with a central stripe caudally; two longitudinal stripes of guanocytes between epigastric furrow and spinning field. Spinning field similar to female. Cymbium approximately as long as (or slightly longer than) palpal tibia; mid-conductor process pointed, broader at base, 1/3 to 1/2 the length of the elongate part of the conductor.

Variation: Females’ (N = 6) total length 7.98–10.23; carapace length 3.45–4.28, width 2.42–3.03, height 1.08–1.35; abdomen length 4.75–6.39, width 3.51–4.53, height 3.69–4.94; sternum length 1.65–2.01, width 1.19– 1.52. Males’ (N = 5) total length 2.86–8.21; carapace length 1.75–4.83, width 1.15–3.17, height 0.59–1.52;

abdomen length 1.62–4.49, width 1.24–2.63, height 0.80–3.03; sternum length 0.87–2.10, width 0.70–1.79.

Distribution: Known from the Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales, including Lord Howe Island, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, and Victoria ( Fig. 14).

Natural history: Phonognatha graeffei is one of the most common leaf-curling spiders in eastern Australia. This spider is apparently one of about three-dozen spider species that is capable of reversible colour change ( Roberts, 1936; Umbers et al., 2014), likely based on manipulating guanine crystals near the surface of its abdomen. This ability has been observed ( Fig. 3) but it is unclear if this ability extends to congeners. Males vary greatly in size, with adults collected from the same locality being scarcely half the size of other adults. The webs of P. graeffei are sometimes parasitized by Argyrodes , with multiple species having been collected ( Grostal, 1999). Cohabitation has been observed in P. graeffei , with males sharing a leaf curl with an immature female until she undergoes her final ecdysis into adulthood ( Fahey & Elgar, 1997). Phonognatha graeffei has been observed to gather and consume pollen ( Framenau et al. 2014: 42), but the extent and frequency of this behaviour is unknown.

Additional material examined: Australia: New South Wales, Sydney , −33.866, 151.156 *, W.J. Rainbow, 2 FF ( AM KS6642 ) ; Yuraygir National Park, Iliaroo Campground , −29.759, 153.293, 31.i.2016, 35 m, G. Hormiga, R. J. Kallal, F. Álvarez-Padilla, 3 FF, 1M, 2 Juv ; Yuraygir National Park , nr. water catchment, −29.783, 153.262, 31.i.2016, 35 m, G. Hormiga, R. J. Kallal, F. Álvarez-Padilla, 1M, 1F ; Hornsby , −33.714, 151.089 *, 7.v.1933, A. Musgrave, 2 FF ( AM KS34245 ) ; Southwest Rocks , −30.929, 153.089 *, 20.iv.1993, J. Noble, 1F ( AM KS45254 ) ; Barren Grounds Nature Reserve , −34.679, 150.704 *, 16.i.1966, leaf curlers ( AM KS77087 ) ; Sydney, Hyde Park , −33.866, 151.156 *, 22.iii.1992, M. S. Harvey, 1F ( WAM T99 /2805) ; Sydney, Taronga Zoo , −33.843, 151.242 *, 30.iii.1979, H. Levi, on slope in shrubs ( MCZ) ; Sydney, Taronga Zoo , −33.843, 151.242 *, 30.iii.1979, H. Levi, some epigyna plugged, 3 FF, 1 Juv ( USNM) ; Poverty Point, 20 miles E. of Tenterfield , −29.069, 152.399 *, 13.iv.1963, R. Boswell, 1F ( MV ENTO2014-19 L) ; Grafton , −29.683, 152.933 *, 31.iii.1963, R. Boswell, 1F ( MV ENTO2014-19 L) ; Terrey Hills , −35.300, 149.133, 27.xii.2007, M. L. Moir, K.E.C. Brennan, beating foliage, 1M ( WAM T99102 ) ; Wagga Wagga, Gregadoo Rd , −35.117, 147.367, 10.iv.1993, C. A. Carr, 1F ( WAM T99 /2810) ; Wagga Wagga, Kooringal , −35.117, 147.367, 29.iii.1993, C. A. Car, webs in grass, 3 FF, 1M ( WAM T99 /2806) ; 11 km E of Albury , −36.074, 146.914 *, M. S. Harvey, under bark of Eucalyptus sp. , 1F ( WAM T99 /2804) ; Armidale , −30.500, 151.650 *, H. Heathwole, 1F ( QM) ; Moruya, nr. Bateman’s Bay , −35.911, 150.081 *, i.1982, D. Wallace, 1M ( QM) ; Richmond Range State Forest , −28.690, 152.744 *, 17–18.iv.1976, R. J. Raven, 1F ( QM) ; Richmond Range State Forest , −28.690, 152.744 *, 17–18.iv.1976, R. J. Raven, 6 FF ( QM) ; Crows Nest , −33.827, 151.201 *, 27.i.1973, G. May, 1M ( QM S45609 ) ; Linden, Blue Mountains , −27.809, 146.360 *, 28.ii.1971, M. Gray, leaf curlers, 2 FF ( AM KS77088 ) ; Newcastle, Blackbutt Reserve , site 1, −32.934, 151.697 *, 2.viii.1988, M. Gray, C. Horseman, M. Zabka, in curled leaf in orb web, 1M, 1F ( AM KS18408 ) ; Bristol Point, Jervis Bay , −35.085, 150.677 *, 31.i.1931, W. A. Rainbow, 1M, 1 Juv ( AM KS77097 ) ; Gosford , −33.428, 151.343 *, 14.i.1930, K. Thompson, 2 FF ( AM KS33831 ) ; Ermington , −33.815, 151.059 *, 4.i.1959, R. Goodwin, R. Ford, 1F, 1M ( AM KS34252 ) ; Northbridge, nr. Sydney , −33.810, 151.218 *, 20.iii.1928, A. Thompson, 4 FF ( AM KS33828 ) ; Wahroonga , −33.716, 151.115 *, 2.iv.1928, N. Davidson, 1F ( AM KS33835 ) ; Kempsey Banks of Murray River , −31.050, 152.500, 27.i.1981, M. R. Gray, 2 FF ( AM KS57558 ) ; 12 km S. of Bowral Lemann Property , ii.1997, J. Lemann, C. Lemann, 1F ( AM KS52101 ) ; Seven Mile Beach , −34.852, 150.743 *, 26.ii.1980, M. I. Nikitin, by sweeping M. communis , 1M ( AM KS4639 ) ; Botany , −33.949, 151.199 *, 22.v.1965, R. E. Mascord, 2 FF ( AM KS77091 ) ; Gordon , −33.756, 151.152 *, 17.ii.1989, C. Horseman, M. McEvoy, on foliage, 1M ( AM KS20223 ) ; Pennant Hills , −33.733, 151.067, 25.ix.1998, J. Noble, 1F ( AM KS59082 ) ; Windsor’s Ranch , nr. Freeman’s Ranch, 1F ( AM KS9069 ) ; Urunga , −30.532, 152.997 *, 7.iii.1981, M. R. Gray, 1F ( AM KS48850 ) ; 6 km S. of Forster , 1M ( AM KS10203 ) ; Lord Howe Island , −31.530, 159.071 *, 900–1300 m, leaf curler ( AM KS33872 ) ; Shoalhaven Heads , −34.852, 150.743 *, 12.i.1953, N. J. Camps, 1F ( AM KS33830 ) ; Beecroft Reserve , −33.750, 151.067, 12.iii.1999, J. Noble, 1M ( AM KS59077 ) ; Epping Station Strip, −33.767, 151.038, 15.ii.1995, J. Noble, 1M ( AM KS59074 ) ; Narraweena , −33.750, 151.267, v.1996, M. Robinson, 1F ( AM KS48707 ) ; Lord Howe Island , −31.530, 159.017 *, leaf curler, orb web on shrubs, 1F ( AM KS33866 ) ; Washpool State Forest, junction of Moogen and Coombadjan , 1M, 1 Juv ( AM KS9319 ) ; Wollongongm −34.437, 150.834 *, 3.iii.1966, R. Mascord, 1M ( AM KS77092 ) ; North Ryde , −33.800, 151.117, 10.ii.1994, J. Noble, 1M ( AM KS59087 ) ; North Bondi , −33.884, 151.279 *, 29.v.1962, 1F ( AM KS34336 ) ; 6 m W. of Kempsey on Sherwood Road , −31.072, 152.711 *, 24.iv.1974, M. Gray, webs on bank vegetation, leaf retreat, 2 FF, Juv ( AM KS77089 ) ; nr. Sydney , −33.866, 151.156 *, iv.1928, R. Cranfield, on Banksia , 2 FF ( AM KS33825 ) ; Beecroft Reserve , −33.750, 151.067, 17.ii.1997, J. Noble, 1M ( AM KS59079 ) ; Crommelin Research Station, Pearl Beach , −33.547, 151.292 *, 26.ii.1984, J. Clarke, 2 FF ( AM KS50342 ) ; Crommelin Research Station, Pearl Beach , −33.547, 151.292 *, 26.ii.1984, J. Clarke, 1F ( AM KS50339 ) ; Frazer Reserve, Wahroonga , −33.717, 151.133, 28.i.1994, J. Noble, 1F ( AM KS59088 ) ; Beecroft , −33.750, 151.067 *, 15.iii.1997, J. Noble, 1F ( AM KS52099 ) ; South West Rocks , −30.922, 153.056 *, 8.i.1993, J. Noble, 1F ( AM KS52455 ) ; Sydney District , −33.866, 151.156 *, v.1928, C. R. Barlee, 2 FF ( AM KS33824 ) ; Lord Howe Island , 39, −31.530, 159.071 *, 1M ( AM KS33870 ) ; Lord Howe Island , 38, −31.530, 159.071 *, 1M, 1F, 1 Juv ( AM KS33865 ) ; Lord Howe Island , −31.530, 159.071 *, 1M, 1F ( AM KS33872 ) ; South West Rocks , −30.922, 153.056 *, 30.iv.1993, J. Noble, 1F ( AM KS54253 ) ; Bobbin Hill , 10.iii.1982, M. Gray, on shrub, 1F ( AM KS8958 ) ; La Kemba , −33.921, 151.077 *, E. A. Brack, 3 FF ( AM KS34251 ) ; Sydney, Gladesville , −33.831, 151.126 *, 12.iv.1928, J. Hoise, 1F ( AM KS33829 ) ; Lord Howe Island , −31.530, 159.071 *, 1F ( AM KS33871 ) ; Lord Howe Island , −31.530, 159.071 *, 247 m, 1F ( AM KS33867 ) ; Carrow Brook , −32.283, 151.300, 21.iv.1999, J. Noble, 1F ( AM KS59086 ) ; Beecroft , −33.750, 151.067, 10.ii.1998, J. Noble, 1F ( AM KS57561 ) ; Beecroft , −33.750, 151.067, 10.ii.1998, J. Noble, 1F ( AM KS59080 ) ; Lord Howe Island , −31.530, 159.071 *, ii. 1971, 381 m, M. Gray, 1 Juv ( AM KS33864 ) ; St. George’s Basin , −35.085, 150.599 *, i.1984, I. Biddle, 1M, 1F, 1 Juv ( AM KS22636 ) ; Myall Lakes , −32.408, 152.402, D. Stevenson, 1F ( AM KS2102 ) ; Turramurra , −33.750, 151.117, i.1967, J. Child, living together in leaf, 1M ( AM KS70853 ) ; Mount Katapur , −30.274, 150.148 *, 12.ii.1996, M. Moulds, 1F ( AM KS52103 ) ; Crommelin Research Station, Pearl Beach , −33.547, 151.292 *, ii.1994, R. Bradley, FF ( AM KS50340 ) ; Crommelin Research Station, Pearl Beach , −33.547, 151.292 *, 26.ii.1984, J. Clarke, in rolled leaf, 1F ( AM KS50341 ) ; Carrow Brook , −32.283, 151.300, 10.ii.1999, J. Noble, 1M ( AM KS59085 ) ; Narrabeen Lake , −33.717, 151.282 *, 17.i.1969, M. Gray, 1M, 1 Juv ( AM KS77096 ) ; Moruya , −35.905, 150.086 *, 27.i.1965, 1F ( AM KS77086 ) ; Razorback, Camden , −34.146, 150.656 *, 1.v.1969, 1F ( AM KS33839 ) ; Newcastle, Blackbutt Reserve , site 1, −32.934, 151.967, 2.viii.1988, M. Gray, C. Horseman, M. Zabka, in curled leaf, 1M, 1F ( AM KS18409 ) ; Mount Gog , −31.836, 151.483 *, 30.iii.1982, W. Bell, 1F ( AM KS8852 ) ; Sydney Museum, −33.866, 151.156 *, 26.ii.1969, K. Kota, 1F ( AM KS33836 ) ; Lane Cove National Park , −33.749, 151.091 *, vi.1988, M. Elgar, 1M, 1 Juv ( AM KS19927 ) ; Sydney, Collaroy , −33.741, 151.307 *, i.1930, A. Musgrave, 4 MM, 3 Juv ( AM KS34523 ) ; St. George’s Basin , −35.085, 150.599 *, i.1984, I. Buddle, 1F ( AM KS22665 ) ; Crommelin Research Station, Pearl Beach , −33.547, 151.292 *, 4.iii.1984, R. A. Bradley, FF, Juv ( AM KS50338 ) ; Forster , −32.212, 152.540 *, 14.ii.1997, M. Moulds, leaf and eggsac, 1F ( AM KS52096 ) ; Camden , −34.057, 150.701 *, 15.vii.1968, M. Gray, in low gum with leaf, 1F ( AM KS33838 ) ; Forster , −32.212, 152.540 *, 12.ii.1997, M. Moulds, with leaf, 1F ( AM KS52095 ) ; Minmi , −32.877, 151.617 *, 2 MM, 2 FF ( AM KS33827 ) ; Beecroft , −33.750, 151.067 *, 5.iii.1994, J. Noble, 1M ( AM KS53728 ) ; Upper Middle Harbor, nr. Sydney , −33.768, 151.210 *, 18.iii.1928, A. Musgrave, 1F ( AM KS33826 ) ; Killara , −33.764, 151.164 *, 12.iv.1978, L. Bushell, 1F ( AM KS1333 ) ; Narrabeen Lake , −33.717, 151.282 *, 17.i.1969, M. Gray, leaf curlers, 1M, 1 Juv ( AM KS77095 ) ; Beecroft , −33.750, 151.067, 25.i.1999, J. Noble, 1M ( AM KS59078 ) ; Beecroft , −33.750, 151.067, 10.ii.1994, J. Noble, 1F ( AM KS59076 ) ; Beecroft , −33.750, 151.067, 10.ii.1994, J. Noble, 1M ( AM KS59075 ) ; ‘ Springerlee’ gates S. of Neville on Kentucky Road , −33.737, 149.191 *, 10.ii.1991, C. Horseman, J. Thompson, 1M ( AM KS33868 ) ; Wahroonga Frazer Reserve , −33.722, 151.113 *, 10.ix.1993, J. Noble, 1F ( AM KS54240 ) ; Lord Howe Island , SG50, −31.530, 159.071 *, M. Gray, clubionid in dead leaf in web above Phonognatha leaf, 1F ( AM KS33868 ) ; Lord Howe Island, start of Transit Hill Track, off Bowker Avenue , −31.530, 159.071, 20.ii.2001, G. Milledge, 1F ( AM KS70760 ) ; Bawley Point, c. 20 miles N. of Bateman’s Bay , −35.516, 150.394 *, 15.ii.1997, 5 m, E. S. Ross, 3 FF ( CASENT) ; Beecroft , −33.750, 151.067, 2.iii.2004, J. Noble, 1M ( AM KS88881 ) ; Banyabba State Forest , −29.382, 153.007, ii.1998, A. York, sweep, 1F ( AM KS88597 ) ; Hornsby, Waitara Creek , −33.714, 151.089, 27.i.2008, g. Milledge, H. Smigh, beat, sweep, and hand collecting, 1M ( AM KS105045 ) ; Newnes State Forest, Birds Rock Flora Reserve, 0.6 km from Sunnyside Ridge Road , −33.324, 150.193, 23.ii.2006, 1105 m, G. Milledge, J. Tarnawski, M. Beatson, dry sclerophyll, beating and hand collecting, 5 FF, 2 MM ( AM KS94508 ) ; Newnes State Forest, track of Snow Gum Flora Reserve, 1.3 km from Blackfellows Hand Road , −33.324, 150.193, 21.ii.2006, 1144 m, G. Milledge, J. Tarnawski, M. Beatson, dry sclerophyll, beating and hand collecting, 3 FF ( AM KS94561 ) ; Newnes State Forest, track of Snow Gum Flora Reserve, 2.5 km from Blackfellows Hand Road , −33.324, 150.193, 20.i.2006, 1172 m, G. Milledge, J. Tarnawski, M.Beatson, dry sclerophyll, beating and hand collecting, 5 FF, 2 MM ( AM KS94571 ) ; Newnes State Forest, Deep Pass Road South , −33.324, 150.193, 22.ii.2006, 1100 m, G. Milledge, J. Tarnawski, M. Beatson, dry sclerophyll, beating and hand collecting, 1M ( AM KS94615 ) ; Arneliffe , −33.938, 151.146 *, 6.i.1957, R. J. Weston, 1M ( AM KS34344 ) ; Devils Pulpit State Forest , −29.266, 153.204, ii.1997, A. York, sweep, eucalypt forest, 1M ( AM KS88619 ) ; St. Ives, Ku-Ring-Gai Wildflower Garden , −33.705, 151.172, 17.i.2014, G. Milledge, H. Smith, night collecting, 1M ( AM KS122197 ) ; Lord Howe Island , −31.530, 159.071 *, xii.19150 i.1916, A. M. Lea , 1F ( AM KS6523 ) ; Turamurra , −33.750, 151.117, i.1967, J. Child, 2 FF ( AM KS115365 ) ; Bundjalung National Park, Saltwater Track , −29.376, 153.349, 20.ii.2011, G. Milledge, H. Smith, beat, sweep and hand collecting, 1F ( AM KS76434 ) ; Jamberoo Mountain , −34.667, 150.717 *, 12.iv.1993, J. Noble, 1F ( AM KS046007 ) ; 7 Mile Beach , 26.ii.1980, M. I. Nikitin, sweeping, 1F ( AM KS4637 ) ; Hornsby, Waitara Creek , −33.714, 151.089, 15.iii.2004, H. Smith, on line at night, 1M ( AM KS90093 ) ; Beecroft , −33.750, 151.067, 16.ix.2002, J. Noble, 1M ( AM KS79719 ) ; Beecroft , −33.750, 151.067, 16.ix.2002, J. Noble, 1M ( AM KS88873 ) ; Beecroft , −33.750, 151.067, 3.ii.2004, J. Noble, 1M ( AM KS87317 ) ; Spirabo State Forest , −29.300, 152.183, 4.ii-9.iv. 1993, 920 m, M. Gray, G. Cassis, saddle along ride with steep drop to the south and a shallow basin to the north, 1F ( AM KS038200 ) ; 3 km N. of Landsdowne , −31.683, 152.483, 19.ii.1997, wet sclerophyll, 1M ( AM KS97248 ) ; Beecroft , −33.750, 151.067, i. ii.1992, J. Noble, 1F ( AM KS046014 ) ; Beecroft , −33.750, 151.067, 15.iv.1993, J. Noble, 1F ( AM KS7105 ) ; Barrington Tops Reserve, Gummi Road, Manning River Crossing , −31.862, 151.552, 19.iii.2008, G. Milledge, A. Hegedus, beat/sweep, under bark, sclerophyll, 1M, 1F ( AM KS103277 ) ; Smiths Lake , −32.367, 152.500, 3.v.1997, spider exhibition, 1F ( AM KS97214 ) ; Mount Annan Botanical Gardens , −34.050, 150.767, 25.iii.2008, L. von Richter, in web, 1M ( AM KS109240 ) ; Mount Annan Botanical Gardens , −34.050, 150.767, 25.iii.2008, L. von Richter, in web, 1F ( AM KS109257 ) ; Beecroft , −33.750, 151.067, 4.iv.2004, J. Noble, 1F ( AM KS88845 ) ; Hornsby, Waitara Creek , −33.714, 151.089 *, 22.i.2005, H. Smith, 1M ( AM KS91356 ) ; Wolgan State Forest, Newnes Road , −33.282, 150.118, 21.ii. 2006, 707 m, G. Milledge, J. Tarnawski, M. Beatson, dry sclerophyll, beating and hand collecting, 1F ( AM KS94547 ) ; Doubleduke State Forest , −29.142, 153.194, ii.1997, A. York, sweep, eucalypt forest, 1F ( AM KS88061 ) ; Yerringbool , −34.367, 150.533, 1.iv.1990, S. J. Fellenberg, 1F ( AM KS86712 ) ; Beecroft , −33.750, 151.067, 1.iv.2002, J. Noble, 1M ( AM KS76894 ) ; Devils Pulpit State Forest , −29.263, 153.203, ii.1997, A. York, sweep, eucalypt forest, 1F ( AM KS88060 ) ; Hornsby, Waitara Creek , −33.714, 151.089, 11.iv.2004, G. Milledge, in web, 1F ( AM KS88826 ) ; Epping , −33.800, 151.117, 18.v.2011, R. Sadler, 1F ( AM KS115313 ) ; Royal Camp State Forest , −29.352, 152.873, ii.1998, A.York, sweep eucalypt forest, 1F ( AM KS88596 ) ; Mount Belmore State Forest , −29.062, 152.776, ii.1997, A. York, sweep, eucalypt forest, 1M ( AM KS88057 ) ; Hornsby, Clovelly Road , −34.714, 151.089, 3.iii.2004, H. Smith, in house, 1M ( AM KS88818 ) ; Newnes State Forest, Waratah Ridge Road, 3.2 km from Glowworm Tunnel Road , −33.324, 150.193, 1090 m, G. Milledge, J. Tarnawski, M. Beatson, dry sclerophyll, beating and hand collecting, 3 FF ( AM KS94598 ) ; Mount Annan Botanical Gardens , −34.050, 150.767, 25.iii.2008, L. von Richter, in eucalypt leaf, 1F ( AM KS109241 ) ; Hornsby, Waitara Creek , −33.714, 151.089, 12.ii.2004, G. Milledge, H. Smith, night, 1M ( AM KS87293 ) ; Spirabo State Forest, very end of Wattle Creek Road, on ridge overlooking Wattle Creek Gorge to NE, −28.300, 152.183, 4.ii-9.iv. 1993, 880 m, M. Gray, G. Cassis, 1F ( AM KS038285 ) ; 0.5 km W. of Harrington , −31.850, 153.683, 24.ii.1997, G. Williams, melaleuca swamp, for spiders exhibition, 1F ( AM KS97221 ) ; Nerong State Forest, 0.3 km S. along Cox’s Fence, trail from Boundary Road , −31.633, 152.150, 4.ii-9.iv.1993, M. Gray, G. Cassis, 1F ( AM KS040834 ) ; Eurobdalla National Park, 1.5 km along track to Honeysuckle , −36.279, 150.129, 20.v.2009, 30 m, G. Milledge, H. Smith, night collecting, 1F ( AM KS108179 ) ; Wangi Ridge Reserve , −33.076, 151.608, 19.iii.2012, G. Milledge, H. Smith, night collecting, 1M ( AM KS11848 ) ; Ku-Ring-Gai Chase National Park, Bobbin Head, Mangrove Walk , −33.668, 151.156, 13.ii.2011, G. Milledge, hand collecting, 1M, 1F ( AM KS115003 ) ; Beecroft , −33.750, 151.067, 10.vi.2004, J. Noble, 1F ( AM KS90881 ) ; Mount Colah , −33.667, 151.117, 14.iv.2004, M. R. Gray, 5 FF, 1M ( AM KS8872 ) ; Mount Colah, Pacific Highway , −33.667, 151.117, 8.iv.2014, M. R. Gray, 1F ( AM KS123089 ) ; Naremburn , −33.812, 151.200 *, 29.i.1930, Johnson, 1F ( AM KS33406 ) ; Barrington Tops, Gloucester River Campground , −32.067, 151.663*, 24.iii.2008, G. Milledge, H. Smith, night collecting ( AM KS122544 ) ; Queensland, Cainbable Cabin, nr. Lamington National Park , −28.135, 153.109, 1–3.ii. 2016, 641 m, G. Hormiga, R. J. Kallal, F. Álvarez-Padilla, 1M, 2 FF, 2 Juv ; Brisbane , −27.510, 153.030 *, 1950, J. Filmer, J. Wild, 3 FF, 1M ( QM S45623 ) ; Brisbane, Burbank Park, J. C. Trotter Memorial Park , −27.550, 153.183, 27.ii.2005, M. Rix, 2 FF ( QM) ; Peregian Beach , −26.478, 153.086, 9.i.2005, M. Rix, 1F, 1M, 1 Juv ( QM) ; Peregian Beach , −26.478, 153.086, 9.i.2005, M. Rix, 1F ( QM) ; Kroombit Tops National Park , −24.377, 151.041 *, 17.xii.1983, K. M. Bennie ( QM S45433 ) ; Canungra , −28.017, 153.165 *, vii.1992, W. Eberhard, 1F ( MCZ) ; Moreton Island , −27.102, 153.412 *, R. J. Raven, with immature female in curled leaf, 2 MM ( QM S45619 ) ; Mt. Tambourine , −27.924, 153.171*, 18. vii.1992, G. Hormiga, J. Coddington, 3 FF ( USNM) ; Noosa National Park , −27.392, 153.111, M. Kuntner, F. Álvarez, M. Rix, 1F ( USNM) ; Brisbane, Tingalpa dry forest, J. C. Trotter Memorial Park, −27.556, 153.177, 6–11.iv.2002, 40 m, M. Kuntner, F. Álvarez, M. Rix, dry forest, 1F ( USNM) ; Brisbane, Tingalpa dry forest, J. C. Trotter Memorial Park, −27.556, 153.177, 6–11.iv.2002, 40 m, M. Kuntner, F. Álvarez, M. Rix, dry forest, 1M ( USNM) ; Brisbane, Tingalpa dry forest, J. C. Trotter Memorial Park, −27.556, 153.177, 6–11.iv.2002, 40 m, M. Kuntner, F. Álvarez, M. Rix, dry forest, 1M, 1 Juv ( USNM) ; Brisbane, Tingalpa dry forest, J. C. Trotter Memorial Park, −27.556, 153.177, 6–11.iv.2002, 40 m, M. Kuntner, F. Álvarez, M. Rix, dry forest, some epigyna plugged, 4 FF, 1 Juv ( USNM) ; Brisbane, Tingalpa dry forest, J. C. Trotter Memorial Park, −27.556, 153.177, 6–11.iv.2002, 40 m, M. Kuntner, F. Álvarez, M. Rix, dry forest, some epigyna plugged, 1M, 1F ( USNM) ; Brisbane, Tingalpa dry forest, J. C. Trotter Memorial Park, −27.556, 153.177, 6–11.iv.2002, 40 m, M. Kuntner, F. Álvarez, M. Rix, dry forest, with 2 Arygrodes rainbowi , 1F ( USNM) ; Brisbane, Tingalpa dry forest, J. C. Trotter Memorial Park, −27.556, 153.177, 6–11.iv.2002, 40 m, M. Kuntner, F. Álvarez, M. Rix, dry forest, with 1 Arygrodes, 7 FF ( USNM) ; Noosa National Park , −27.392, 153.111, 5.iv.2002, 50 m, M. Kuntner, F. Álvarez, M. Rix, 1M ( USNM) ; Noosa National Park , −27.392, 153.111, 5.iv.2002, 50 m, M. Kuntner, F. Álvarez, M. Rix, 1M, 1F ( USNM) ; Noosa National Park , −27.392, 153.111, 5.iv.2002, 50 m, M. Kuntner, F. Álvarez, M. Rix, dry forest, 1M ( USNM) ; Noosa National Park , −27.392, 153.111, 5.iv.2002, 50 m, M. Kuntner, F. Álvarez, M. Rix, dry forest, 1 Juv ( USNM) ; Noosa National Park , −27.392, 153.111, 5.iv.2002, 50 m, M. Kuntner, F. Álvarez, M. Rix, dry forest, 2 FF ( USNM) ; Noosa National Park, Peregian Section , −26.508, 153.093, 11.i.2003, M. Kuntner, F. Álvarez, M. Rix, 3 FF, 1 Juv ( USNM) ; Whites Hill Reserve , −26.385, 153.100, 6.iv.2002, 30 m, M. Kuntner, F. Álvarez, M. Rix, dry forest, 1M, 1F, 3 Juv ( USNM) ; Whites Hill Reserve , −26.385, 153.100, 6.iv.2002, 30 m, M. Kuntner, F. Álvarez, M. Rix, dry forest, epigynum plugged, 1F ( USNM) ; Whites Hill Reserve , −26.385, 153.100, 6.iv.2002, 30 m, M. Kuntner, F. Álvarez, M. Rix, dry forest, 1M, 1F ( USNM) ; Tambourine National Park, Witches Falls , −27.941, 153.180, 17.iv.2002, G. Hormiga, M. Kuntner, F. Álvarez, rainforest, epigynum plugged, 1F ( USNM) ; Tambourine National Park, Witches Falls , −27.941, 153.180, 17.iv.2002, G. Hormiga, M. Kuntner, F. Álvarez, rainforest, 2 FF ( USNM) ; Lamington National Park , road to Canungra-O’Reilly’s, −28.140, 153.115, 5.iv.2002, 50 m, G. Hormiga, M. Kuntner, F. Álvarez, 1M ( USNM) ; Lamington National Park , road to Canungra-O’Reilly’s, −28.140, 153.115, 15–17.iv.2002, 50 m, G. Hormiga, M. Kuntner, F. Álvarez, 1M ( USNM) ; Lamington National Park , road to Canungra-O’Reilly’s, −28.140, 153.115, 15–17.iv.2002, 50 m, G. Hormiga, M. Kuntner, F. Álvarez, 1M ( USNM) ; Coolum , −26.531, 153.090 *, ii–iii.1964, N. Lambert, 1F ( MV ENTO2014- 19 L) ; Silver Valley via Herberton , −17.482, 145.312 *, 24.ix.1950, J. S. Brooks, 1M, 1 Juv ( MV ENTO2014-19 L) ; Yeronga , 23.vii.1992, J. M. Waldock, in curled leaf in orb web in garden, 1F ( WAM T99 /2339) ; Blackdown Tableland via Dingo , −23.773. 149.329*, 1–6.ii.1981, R. J. Raven, 5 MM, 5 FF ( QM) ; Boronto, G. Monteith , 1F ( QM S39732 ) ; Bushlands Reserve, Chelsea Rd , −27.483, 153.188, 10.xi.2003, QM Party, 1 Juv ( QM S65410 ) ; Camira , −27.635, 152.916 *, 3.iii.1982, D. Sinclair, 1F ( QM) ; Camira , −27.635, 152.916 *, 3.iii.1982, D. Sinclair, 1M, 6 FF ( QM) ; Cooloola , −26.052, 152.974 *, 6.iv.1987, K. Sadler, 1F ( QM) ; Fraser Island, Orchid Beach , −24.915, 153.282 *, 5–7.iii. 1996, 200 m, R. J. Raven, heath, 3 FF ( QM S31059 ) ; Fraser Island, Orchid Beach , −24.915, 153.282 *, 5–7.iii. 1996, 200 m, R. J. Raven, heath, 3 FF ( QM S31071 ) ; Freshwater NP, 34 km N of Brisbane, W. of Redcliff, nr. Deception Bay , −27.174, 152.982, 14.iii.2009, Entomological Society of remnant open sclerophyll forest, eucalpyt and Angophora trees, 1M ( QM S90344 ) ; Kroombit Tops National Park , (northern escarpment), 45 km SSW Calliope, −24.377, 151.041 *, 9–19.xii.1983, V. E. Davies, J. Gallon,( QM) ; McLeod, nr. Windsor Tableland , −17.083, 145.267 *, I. Fanning, 1F ( QM) ; Monday Creek / Severn River Camp, 4.iv.1988, R. Leggett, 1F ( QM S13060 ) ; Mount Tambourine garden, −27.928, 153.194 *, V. E. Davies, FF, 1M ( QM S17275 ) ; North Stradbroke Island, Enterprise Mallee #1, −26.567, 153.433, 7.i. 2002, 120 m, QM Party, 8 FF, 1M ( QM S56282 ) ; North Stradbroke Island, Enterprise Mallee #3, −27.600, 153.450, 7.i.2002, 80 m, QM Party, 3 FF, 1M ( QM S56265 ) ; North Stradbroke Island, Enterprise Scribbly Gum #3, 10.i.2002, 70 m, QM Party, 1F ( QM) ; North Stradbroke Island, Enterprise Scribbly Gum #3, 10.i.2002, 70 m, QM Party, 1F ( QM S56283 ) ; North Stradbroke Island, Enterprise Scribbly Gum #3, 10.i.2002, 70 m, QM Party, 1M ( QM S56166 ) ; nr. Eurimbula , −24.183, 151.833 *, xi.1978, J. Coraceirch, 1F ( QM) ; South Percy Island , lagoon area, −38.425, 142.000 *, Monteith, Thompson, Cooke, Janetzki, 1M ( QM S27561 ) ; Camira , −27.635, 152.916 *, R. J. Raven, 1M, 1F ( QM S29650 ) ; Deepwater National Park , 65 km NW of Bundaberg, −24. 334, 151.923*, 20–26.ix.1992, G.B. Monteith, S. R. Monteith, 5 FF ( QM S25939 ) ; Kroombit Tops National Park , northern escarpment, 45 km SSW of Calliope, 3–4.ii.1984, G. Monteith, Hagan, Yeates, 1F ( QM S45643 ) ; Kroombit Tops , upper dry creek, 45 km SSW of Calliope, −24.377, 151.041 *, 9–19. xii.1983, V. E. Davies, J. Gallon, JJ ( QM S45469 ) ; Kroombit Tops , upper dry creek, 45 km SSW of Calliope, −24.377, 151.041 *, 9–19.xii.1983, V. E. Davies, J. Gallon, open forest ( QM S45469 ) ; South Gatton , north junction view, −27.596, 152.274 *, 30.xii.1984, A. Rodefelds, 2 FF ( QM S45636 ) ; Isla Gorge , −25.180, 149.943 *, v.1973, G. May, 1F ( QM S45608 ) ; 2 km W. of Sanford , 3.iv.1982, D. Sinclair, 3 FF ( QM S45605 ) ; Tambourine Mountain , −27.924, 153.171 *, 25.iii.2000, V. E. Davies, 1F ( QM S52801 ) ; Moreton , −27.127, 153.339 *, 10.xi.1973, R. Raven, 1F ( QM S45664 ) ; Bald Mountain Area via Emu Vale , −28.196, 152.373 *, 22–24.iv.1984, G. B. Monteith, 1F ( QM S45596 ) ; Chinchilla , −26.742, 150.628 *, ii.1979, T. Adams, 4 FF, 1M ( QM S45659 ) ; Moreton Island nr. Blue Lagoon , −27.127, 153.339 *, 16.iv.1981, G. Anderson, 1F ( QM S45660 ) ; Moreton Island , −27.127, 153.339 *, 11.ii.1982, G. Anderson, FF ( QM S45606 ) ; Moreton Island , −27.127, 153.339 *, 11.ii.1982, D. Sinclair, 4 FF, 1M ( QM S45605 ) ; Condamine Gorge , −28.339, 152.293 *, 28.iii.1982, D. Sinclair, 2 FF ( QM S45601 ) ; Noosa , −26.389, 153.105 *, iii.1938, H. A. Longman, 1F ( QM S45621 ) ; Brisbane , −27.418, 152.830 *, in curled leaf in orb web, 1M, 1F ( QM S45656 ) ; Mount Flinders , −22.544, 150.769 *, 14.iii.1982, D. Sinclair, 7 FF, 1M ( QM S45603 ) ; Lower Wanga, Widgee Creek crossing, −26.124, 152.467 *, 17.iv.1982, D. Sinclair, 10 FF ( QM S45615 ) ; Eagle Heights nr. Tambourine , −27.912, 153.199 *, 15–23.iii.1955, S. J. Gunn, M. B. Wilson, 4 FF, 1M ( QM S45620 ) ; Cooloola, Camp Milo , −26.502, 152.974 *, 3–7.ii.1976, R. Raven, V. E. Davies, MM FF ( QM S45662 ) ; Boonah, Kooroomba , −27.996, 152.685 *, 24.iii.1974, V. E. Davies, 12 FF ( QM S45613 ) ; Double Island Point, Little Freshwater Creek , −25.933, 153.189 *, 14–15.vii.1985, J. Gallon, 1F ( QM S45637 ) ; 10 km N. of Leyburn , −27.938, 151.586 *, 28.iii.1982, D. Sinclair, 1F ( QM S45602 ) ; Brisbane, Griffith University study site, −27.418, 152.830 *, 18.iii.1976, V. E. Davies, 2 FF ( QM S45610 ) ; Coombabah Creek , 200 m upstream from Lakeside Caravan Park, −27.904, 153.366 *, 10.iv.1982, D. Sinclair, 7 FF ( QM S45600 ) ; Kroombit Tops National Park , −24.377, 151.041 *, 25.ii.1982, R. Raven ( QM S45634 ) ; Kroombit Tops National Park , 45 km SSW of Calliope, −24.377, 151.041 *, 13–19.xii.1983, Monteith, Davies, Gallon, Thompson, 1F ( QM S45639 ) ; West Burleigh , −28.106, 153.445 *, 12.ii.1953, museum staff, 1F ( QM S45630 ) ; Brisbane, Weller’s Hill , −27.520, 153.050 *, 8.iv.1996, D. Wolfgram, 1F ( QM S30694 ) ; Mount Barney National Park , 6 km from entrance, −28.273, 152.662 *, 26.iv.1982, D. Sinclair, 1F ( QM S45614 ) ; Kroombit Tops National Park, Ubobo Road , site 5 escarpment, −24.377, 151.041 *, 15.xii.1984, M. Bennie, 6 Juv ( QM S45635 ) ; Ravenshoe , −17.579, 145.493 *, 13.xi.1971, N. C. Coleman, 1M ( QM S45597 ) ; Cooloola , −26.052, 152.974 *, 31.xii.1973, R. Raven, 1M ( QM S45618 ) ; Kroombit Tops National Park, Lower Kroombit Creek , 45 km SSW of Calliope, −24.377, 151.041 *, 9–19.xii.1983, V. E. Davies, J. Gallon, open forest, 4 FF ( QM S45646 ) ; Crows Nest , −33.827, 151.041 *, 15.v.1974, B. Jahnke, curled leaf in orb web in open sclerophyll, 1F ( QM S45627 ) ; South Ipswich, Flinder’s Peak , −27.632, 152.761 *, 30.vi.1979, A. Rozefelds, 2 FF, 1 Juv ( QM S45658 ) ; nr. Mareeba , −17.025, 145.501 *, 27.xii.1976, 1F ( QM S58362 ) ; Blackduck Creek , −27.901, 152.205 *, 24.i.1973, V. E. Davies, 1F ( QM S45612 ) ; Mount Glorious , −27.333, 152.767 *, iii.1973, R. Raven, 1F ( QM S45661 ) ; Mulgowie, Laidley , −27.719, 152.767 *, 10.iii.1981, M. Grant, sclerophyll, 1M ( QM S45998 ) ; Mount Gravatt , −27.542, 153.076 *, 17.v.1982, J. Gallon, 1F ( QM S45595 ) ; Kroombit Tops National Park, Gladstone , −24.377, 151.041 *, 23.ii.1989, D. Yeates, 30+ FF, MM ( QM S45633 ) ; Stanthorpe , −28.656, 151.935 *, 6.iii.1982, D. Sinclair, 30+ FF, MM ( QM S45632 ) ; 3 km W. of Mount Flinders , in lantana patch, −35.946, 148.966 *, 14.iii.1982, D. Sinclair, 20 FF ( QM S45593 ) ; Mount Colliery, Southern Slopes Farm , valley, −28.248, 152.360 *, 27.ii.1971, R. Monroe, in orb + tangled web, sunny day, field no. 5, 1F ( QM S45591 ) ; Black Fellows Creek , each branch, 14.iii.1973, R. Hobson, in curled leaves, 12 FF ( QM S45631 ) ; Kroombit Tops, Lower Kroombit Creek , 45 km SSW of Calliope, −24.377, 151.041 *, 9–19.xii.1983, G. Monteith, G. Thompson, open forest, Juv ( QM S45642 ) ; Herberton, Petford Road , −17.384, 145.327, 3.xii. 2008, 912 m, G. Milledge, H. Smith, general collecting, 1F ( AM KS106570 ) ; Kroombit Tops , 65 km SSW of Gladstone, −24.377, 151.041 *, 22–26.ii.1982, G. Monteith, G. Thompson, Yeates, open forest, sweeping heath, 1F ( QM S45640 ) ; Caloundra, Dickey’s Beach , −26.798, 153.125 *, 10.ii.1974, V. E. Davies, in curled leaf in orb web, 1F ( QM S45611 ) ; Ravensbourne , −27.338, 152.157 *, 10.ii.1974, R. Raven, 1F ( QM S45616 ) ; Glastonbury State Forest , −26.282, 152.525 *, 17.iv.1982, D. Sinclair, 2 FF ( QM S45663 ) ; N of Sydney , 1F ( AM KS33834 ) ; Brisbane Forest Park, −27.418, 152.830, 11–16.i.1998, N. Power, malaise trap 2, MM ( AM KS69633 ) ; Moffat Beach , −26.792, 153.140 *, 29.xii.1966, 1F ( AM KS77094 ) ; Moffat Beach , −26.792, 153.140 *, 29.xii.1966, 1F ( AM KS77093 ) ; Brisbane Forest Park, −27.418, 152.830, 1–6.iii.1998, N. Power, malaise trap 3, 3 MM ( AM KS69505 ) ; Condamine , −26.904, 150.135 *, 1F ( AM KS33832 ) ; Brisbane Forest Park, −27.418, 152.830, 18–23.i.1998, N. Power, malaise trap 5, MM ( AM KS69424 ) ; Brisbane Forest Park, −27.418, 152.830, 29.xii.1997 - 2.i.1998, N. Power, malaise trap 3, 3 MM ( AM KS69454 ) ; Brisbane Forest Park, −27.418, 152.830, 25.ii–2.iii.1998, N. Power, malaise trap 2, 1M ( AM KS69511 ) ; Brisbane Forest Park, −27.418, 152.830, 11–16.i.1998, N. Power, malaise trap, 5M ( AM KS69417 ) ; Brisbane Forest Park, −27.418, 152.830, 8–13.ii.1998, N. Power, malaise trap 3, 3 MM ( AM KS69683 ) ; Brisbane Forest Park, −27.418, 152.830, 15–20.iii.998, N. Power, malaise trap 2, 5 MM ( AM KS69500 ) ; Brisbane Forest Park, −27.418, 152.830, 22–27.iii.1998, N. Power, malaise trap 3, 4 FF, 3 MM ( AM KS69491 ) ; Brisbane Forest Park, −27.418, 152.830, 18.iv.1997, F. MacKillop, for spiders exhibition, 1F, eggsac ( AM KS95952 ) ; Eurimbolla , −24.183, 151.833 *, 3 FF ( AM KS12786 ) ; Bribie Island , −27.058, 153.192, 23–28.ix.1997, N. Power, malaise trap, heathland/acacia regrowth, 1M ( AM KS69590 ) ; Fungella, road to Fungella Dam at junction of Freegarden Road , 21.iv.1998, G. Milledge, 1F ( AM KS52415 ) ; Brisbane, Mount Coot-Tha , along summit track, −27.480, 152.962, 24.iii. 2010, 164 m, G. Hormiga, N. Scharff ; Mudgerabah, west on road to Springbrook , −28.090, 153.360 *, 21.i.1986, R. Raven ( QM S45460 ) ; West Burleigh , −28.111, 153.441 *, 12.ii.1953, Museum Staff, 1F, 1M ( QM S45617 ) ; Lota Creek, Manley West , −27.479, 153.186, 19.iii.2006, 5 m, C. Griswold, D. Silva, R. Raven, B. Baehr, eucalypt casuarina woodland, general collecting, 3 FF ( CASENT9022943 ) ; Burnett Highway , rest stop 20 km NW of Monto, −24.800, 150.984, 7.iii.2008, G. Milledge, H. Smith, beat/sweep, under bark, sclerophyll forest, 1M ( AM KS103175 ) ; Daisy Hill , −27.633, 153.150, 1.iv.1997, S. Cowan, for spider exhibition, 1F ( AM KS95949 ) ; Lane Cove , −33.814, 151.167, 18.vii.1998, W. Wain, 1F ( AM KS97279 ) ; Brisbane Forest Park, −27.418, 152.830, 23.i.1998, trap 2, 3 MM ( AM KS118949 ) ; Brisbane Forest Park, −27.418, 152.830, 23.i.1998, trap 2, 4 MM ( AM KS118932 ) ; Victoria, Crib Point , −38.358, 145.219 *, 14.v.1978, R. Easton, 2 FF ( WAM T99 /2834–5) ; nr. Albury , −36.074, 146.914 *, i.1974, A. R. Haller, with leaf ( MCZ) ; South Gippsland, Stoney Creek , −38.268, 146.742 *, i.1978, K. N. Bell, 1F ( MV ENTO2014-19 L) ; South Gippsland, Stoney Creek , −38.268, 146.742 *, i.1978, K. N. Bell, 1M ( MV ENTO2014-19 L) ; South Gippsland, Stoney Creek , −38.268, 146.742 *, i.1978, K. N. Bell, 1M ( MV ENTO2014-19 L) ; South Gippsland, Stoney Creek , −38.268, 146.742 *, i.1978, K. N. Bell, 1 Juv ( MV ENTO2014-19 L) ; South Gippsland, Stoney Creek , −38.268, 146.742 *, i.1978, K. N. Bell, 1 Juv ( MV ENTO2014-19 L) ; South Gippsland, Stoney Creek , −38.268, 146.742 *, i.1978, K. N. Bell, 1 Juv ( MV ENTO2014-19 L) ; Nunawading , −37.817, 145.185 *, 18.ii.1995, Neboiss, 1F ( MV ENTO 2014-19 L) ; Nunawading , −37.817, 145.185 *, 18.ii.1995, Neboiss, 1M ( MV ENTO2014-19 L) ; Mitta Mitta Reserve , −36.642, 147.406 *, 9.ii.1973, Dartmouth Survey, 2 FF ( MV ENTO2014-19 L) ; Mitta Mitta Reserve , −36.642, 147.406 *, 9.ii.1973, Dartmouth Survey, 1 Juv ( MV ENTO2014-19 L) ; Melbourne , −37.738, 144.956 *, 23.iv.1992, E. Stafford, 1F ( MV ENTO2014-19 L) ; Melbourne , −37.738, 144.956 *, v.1956, 1F ( MV ENTO2014-19 L) ; Melbourne, Eltham , −37.715, 145.158 *, iii.1996, D. Hope, ex mud wasp nest, 7 FF ( MV ENTO2014-19 L) ; Melbourne, Shire of Diamond Valley , −37.650, 145.117 *, iii.1989, L. Raywood, 1F ( MV ENTO2014-19 L) ; Carnegie , −37.895, 145.045 *, 23.ii.1955, R. A. Dunn, 1M, 1F ( MV ENTO2014-19 L) ; Brunswick , −37.767, 144.963 *, 18.ii.1991, 1F ( MV ENTO2014-19 L) ; 5 km S. of Swifts Creek , −37.250, 147.712 *, 2.iii.1993, G. Milledge, 1F ( MV ENTO2014- 19 L) ; Sunday Island , −38.711, 146.628 *, 4 FF, 1M ( MV ENTO2014-19 L) ; Bruthen , −37.707, 147.832 *, 12.iii.1917, D. Leach, 1F ( MV ENTO2014-19 L) ; Balwyn , −37.809, 145.079 *, 4.iii.1991, 2 FF ( MV ENTO2014- 19 L) ; Kallista , −37.897, 145.387 *, 10.iv.1954, 1F ( MV ENTO2014-19 L) ; Avon River State Forest, Dermodys Camp , −37.805, 146.917, 15.i.2006, V. W. Framenau, M L. Thomas, night collection, dry sclerophyll forest, 1M, 1F ( WAM T68046 ) ; Clayton, Monash University , −37.933, 149.217, 2.iv.1991, M.S. Harvey, M.E. Blosfelds, 10+ FF ( WAM T99 /21814–30) ; Healesville, Coranderrk Reserve , −37.684, 145.524, 24.ii.1981, M. S. Harvey, 1F ( WAM T99 /2833) ; Healesville, Coranderrk Reserve , −37.684, 145.524, 24.ii.1981, M. S. Harvey, 1M ( WAM T99 /2832) ; Healesville, Coranderrk Reserve , −37.684, 145.524, 4.iii.1980, M. S. Harvey, inside curled leaf in orb web, 1F ( WAM T99 /2833) ; Airey’s Inlet , −38.467, 114.083, 13–14.v.1992, M. S. Harvey, M. E. Blosfelds, 1F ( WAM T99 /23811) ; Balwyn, Yandilla St , −37.809, 145.081 *, 16.ii.1982, M. S. Harvey, inside house at night, 1M ( WAM T99 /2183) ; Balwyn, Yandilla St , −37.809, 145.081 *, 31.i.1982, M. S. Harvey, ex web inside house, 1M ( WAM T99 /2812) ; 5 km S. of East-West Rd on Wong Rd , 7 km SW of Kawarren, −38.500, 143.517, 7.iii.1986, M.S Harvey, B. J. Scott, 1M ( WAM T99 /2837) ; P. French , 1F ( QM) ; P. French , 2 FF ( QM) ; P. French , 1F ( QM) ; 2.iv.1896, P. French, 1F ( QM) ; 5 km N. of Cape Schanck , −38.461, 144.905 *, 14.v.1972, P. Christy, 8 FF ( QM) ; Bacchus Marsh , −37.675, 144.439 *, 22.iv.1974, V. Salanitri, 2 FF ( QM) ; Bundoora, LTU Campus , −37.695, 145.064 *, 19.ix.1981, 2F ( QM) ; Latrobe University , −37.721, 145.048 *, T. R. New, N. Hives, old eucalypt leaves, suspended on Grevilla, 5 MM, 1F ( QM) ; Monash University, Snake Gully , −37.933, 145.117 *, 10.iv.1975, 1F ( QM) ; Warby Range State Park, 10 km W. of Wangaratta , −38.300, 146.110, 2000, M. Scholes, 1F ( QM S54170 ) ; Lind National Park , 19 km W of Cann River, −37.576, 148.961, 24.iii.1978, M. R. Gray, 1F ( AM KS045205 ) ; Taggerty , −37.340, 145.716 *, 21.iii.1970, M. Gray, eucalypt forest, 3 FF ( AM KS109372 ) ; South Gippsland, Stanley Creek , −38.269, 146.742 *, i.1978, K. N. Bell, 1F ( QMV) ; South Gippsland, Stanley Creek , −38.269, 146.742 *, i.1978, K. N. Bell, 1M ( QMV) ; South Gippsland, Stanley Creek , −38.269, 146.742 *, i.1978, K. N. Bell, 1M ( QMV) ; South Gippsland, Stanley Creek , −38.269, 146.742 *, i.1978, K. N. Bell, 1 Juv ( QMV) ; Nunawading , −37.817, 147.406 *, 18.ii.1955, Neiboss, 1F ( QVM) ; Nunawading , −37.817, 147.406 *, 18.ii.1955, Neiboss, 1M ( QVM) ; Mitta Mitta , −36.642, 147.406 *, 9.ii.1973, Dartmouth Survey, with Cheirecanthium, 2 FF ( QVM) ; Mitta Mitta , −36.642, 147.406 *, 9.ii.1973, Dartmouth Survey, with Cheirecanthium, 1 Juv ( QVM) ; Melbourne , −37.738, 144.956 *, 23.iv.1992, E. Stafford, 1F ( QVM) ; Melbourne, Shire of Diamond Valley , −37.738, 144.956 *, iii.1989, L. Raywood, 1F ( QVM) ; Melbourne , −37.738, 144.956 *, v.1956, 1F ( QVM) ; Melbourne, Etham , −37.713, 145.149 *, iii.1996, D. Hope, ex mud wasp nest, 7 FF ( QVM) ; Arenal , 1988–89, H. Manson, 1F ( QVM) ; Carnegie , 28.ii.1955, R. A. Dunn, 1F ( QVM) ; Southern Australia, Port Lincoln , −34.717, 135.850, 12.v.1980, B. Y. Main, 1F ( WAM T87415 ) ; Mallee Scrub , −34.173, 139.084 *, 1984, 1F ( MV ENTO2014-19 L) ; Kangaroo Island , −35.833, 137.250*, v.1951, J. Bechervaise, 2F ( MV ENTO2014-19 L) ; Bridgewater, Towers Rd , −35.000, 138.767, 12.ii.1990, B. Y. Main, 1F ( WAM T87423 ) ; Mount Bold Reservoir Reserve , −35.113, 138.703 *, 5.ii.1976, P. Walker, with leaf, 1F ( AM KS32101 ) ; Onkaparinga Gorge , −35.164, 138.665 *, 21.v.1976, P. Walker, with leaf, 1F ( AM KS32116 ) ; Cleland Conservation Park , −34.978, 138.700, 18.iii.2002, G. Milledge, H. Smith, 1M ( AM KS76381 ) ; Coffin Bay National Park, nr. turnoff to Point Avoid , −34.650, 135.357, 23.iii.2002, G. Milledge, H. Smith, 1F ( AM KS76449 ) ; Belair National Park, Saddle Hill Road , −35.012, 138.675, 19.iii.2002, G. Milledge, H. Smith, 1F ( AM KS76388 ) ; Mallee Scrub , 1984, 1F ( QVM) ; Australian Capital Territory, Canberra , −33.283, 149.217, 1963, Kerr ( CSIRO) by B. Y. Main , 1F ( WAM T99 /2792) ; Canberra, Gianinderra , −35.329, 149.072 *, 9.iv.1963, C. R. MacLellan, on Acacia, 1M, 1F ( MCZ) ; Canberra, Najor Orchard , −35.281, 149.129 *, 15.v.1963, C. R. MacLellan, in Pyracantha , 1M, 1F ( USNM) ; Canberra , −35.281, 149.129 *, 24.v.1992, G. Milledge, 1F ( MV ENTO2014-19 L) ; Black Mountain , −35.300, 149.133, 14.ii.1962, M. A. Shearer, 1F ( WAM T101112 ) ; Canberra , −35.300, 149.133, 1963, Kerr, with eggsac, 1F ( WAM T101113 ) ; Canberra , −35.300, 149.133, 1963, Kerr, 4 FF ( WAM T101114 ) ; Canberra , −35.238, 149.217, Kerr ( CSIRO) by B. Y. Main , 10+ FF ( WAM T99 /2772– 91) ; Red Hill, 14 Pera Pera Place , −38.366, 145.524 *, 15.vi.1982, M. S. Harvey, ex curled leaves in partial or complete orb webs, 8 FF ( WAM T99 /2793–800) ; Red Hill, 14 Pera Pera Place , −38.366, 145.524 *, 16.iv.1993, M. S. Harvey, sitting on ceiling inside house, 1M ( WAM T99 /2801) ; Red Hill, 14 Pera Pera Place , −38.366, 145.524 *, 24.v.1981, M. S. Harvey, ex curled leaves, 2 FF ( WAM T99 /2802–3) ; Canberra , −35.281, 149.129 *, E. McCallan, prey of Pison spinolae , 3 MM, 2 FF ( QM) ; Canberra , −35.281, 149.129 *, 12.v.1982, D.C.F. Rentz, 10+ FF ( QM) ; Canberra , −35.281, 149.129 *, 28.ii.1982, E. McCallan, prey of Pison spinolae , 1F ( QM) ; Canberra , −35.281, 149.129 *, i.1980, E. McCallan, prey of Pison spinolae , 10+ FF ( QM) ; Canberra, Red Hill , −38.366, 145.524 *, 9.v.1982, M. S. Harvey, 1F ( QM) ; −35.281, 149.129 *, 10.i.1981, E. McCallan, spiders in leaf roll, 1F ( QM S45654 ) ; Queensland, Dalby, Mt. Pleasant , −27.191, 151.261 *, N. Geary, 1F ( QM S45626 ) ; Canberra, Gianinderra , −35.329, 149.072 *, 9.iv.1963, C. R. MacLellan, in Acacia, 1M, 1F ( AM KS77090 ) ; Tasmania, George Town , −41.100, 146.817, vi.1978, R. Easton, 1F ( WAM T85278 ) ; Trevallyn , −41.443, 147.101 *, 1.ii.1928, V. V. Hickman, orb web in irregular network, 1F, 1M ( AM KS28575 ) ; Eaglehawk Neck, Penzance , −43.009, 147.921 *, 6.iii.1996, M. Moulds, 1F ( AM KS28675 ) ; East Risdon , −42.822, 147.325 *, iv.1965, 1F ( AM KS28673 ) ; St. Helens , nr. caravan park, −41.333, 148.253, 8.iii.2006, 33 m, G. Hormiga, L. Lopardo, disturbed eucalypt woodland, 5 FF ; St. Helens , nr. caravan park, −41.333, 148.253, 8.iii.2006, 33 m, G. Hormiga, L. Lopardo, disturbed eucalypt woodland, 5 FF ; St. Helens , nr. caravan park, −41.333, 148.253, 8.iii.2006, 33 m, G. Hormiga, L. Lopardo, disturbed eucalypt woodland, 1F, 1M ; St. Helens , nr. caravan park, −41.333, 148.253, 8.iii.2006, 33 m, G. Hormiga, L. Lopardo, disturbed eucalypt woodland, 1M, 1F ; East Coast, Bicheno lookouts, −41.867, 148.300, 24–26.v.1996, 60 m, L. J. Boutin, dry eucalypt forest on granite, ex rolled eucalypt leaf in orb web, 5 FF ( TMAG J4748 ) ; East Coast, Bicheno lookouts, −41.867, 148.300, 31.i.1998, L. J. Boutin, dry eucalypt forest on granite, ex sweeping #25 grass/ shrubs, 1M, 1F ( TMAG J3579 ) ; Freycinet National Park , −42.150, 148.300, 27.v.1996, L. J. Boutin, eucalypt forest on granite, ex under rocks and bark, 1F ( TMAG J4751 ) ; St. Helens , nr. caravan park, −41.333, 148.253, 8.iii.2006, 30 m, disturbed eucalypt woodland, general collecting, 3 FF ( CASENT9022674 ) ; St. Helens , nr. caravan park, −41.333, 148.253, 8.iii.2006, 30 m, disturbed eucalypt woodland, general collecting, 3 FF ( CASENT9022674 ) ; St. Helens , nr. caravan park, −41.333, 148.253, 8.iii.2006, 30 m, disturbed eucalypt woodland, general collecting, 3 FF ( CASENT9022674 ) ; St. Helens , nr. caravan park, −41.333, 148.253, 8.iii.2006, 30 m, disturbed eucalypt woodland, general collecting, 3 FF ( CASENT9022674 ) ; Brooks Creek, West Coast , 7.iii.1981, Earthwatch, 2 FF ( NMV 13 :44514) ; Launceston, 17 Wentworth Street , −41.446, 147.161 *, 24.ii.1971, R. Upson, 1M, 1F ( NMV 13 :43173) ; Launceston, 17 Wentworth Street , −41.446, 147.161 *, 24.ii.1971, R. Upson, 1M, 1F ( NMV 13 :43163) ; Launceston, 17 Wentworth Street , −41.446, 147.161 *, 24.ii.1971, R. Upson, 1M, 1F ( NMV 13 :43171) ; Launceston , −41.446, 147.161 *, R. T. Green, 2 FF ( NMV 13 :44513) ; Exeter , −41.299, 146.952, 6.ii.1963, R. H. Green, 4 FF, 1M ( NMV 13 :11187) .