Apodrosus wolcotti Marshall 1922 : 59

Girón, Jennifer C. & Franz, Nico M., 2010, Revision, phylogeny and historical biogeography of the genus Apodrosus Marshall, 1922 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae), Insect Systematics & Evolution 41, pp. 339-414 : 366-369

Apodrosus wolcotti Marshall 1922: 59

( Figs 1 and 3–5 )

Diagnosis

Apodrosus wolcotti is characterized by the combination of a slightly undulate integument surface, an indistinct nasal plate, large and strongly projected eyes, strongly convex elytra (particularly in females) which are furthermore strongly produced basad of the midpoint of interval X, a fusion of elytral striae IX and X along their second third, a vestiture composed of dark brown and light brown to white, iridescent (reddish) scales and with recurvate, decumbent, brown setae; and non-projected spermathecal cornu. This species may be differentiated from A. epipolevatus by its larger size and slightly undulate elytral surface. Furthermore, it differs from A. earinusparsus by its recurvate elytral setae and coverage coloration without green speckles.

Specimens examined

“PUERTO RICO, 3 mi S. Maricao, II-9-1969/ at night, L. & C. W. O’Brien” (CWOB: 1 ♂); “PUERTO RICO, II-9-1969, 5 mi S. Maricao, C. W. O’Brien” (CWOB: 1 ♂); “PUERTO RICO, Hwy. 120, K10H2, Maricao For. Res., July 25, 1979, L. B. O’Brien” (CWOB: 1 ♀); “USA, Puerto Rico, Bosque Estatal Maricao, N 18°09′24″, W 66°59′52″, 750 m, general collecting, leg. N. Franz, III-23-2006” (UPRM: 3 ♀); “USA, Puerto Rico, Bosque Estatal Maricao, N 18°08′26″, W 66°58′20″, 820 m, beating at night, leg. N. Franz, V-10-2006” (UPRM: 3 ♀, including 1 dissected); “USA, Puerto Rico, Bosque Estatal Maricao, S. Alto Descanso, 760 m, N 18°09′27″, W 66°59′56″/ beating at night, leg. N. Franz, J. Conde, J. Metcalf & S. Ríos, VI-21- 2006” (UPRM: 1 ♀); “USA, Puerto Rico, Bosque Estatal Maricao, Rt. 120, Km 13.1, 830 m, N 18°08′26″, W 66°58′24″/ beating plants, leg. N. Franz & J. Metcalf, VII- 14-2006” (UPRM: 2 ♂, including 1 dissected, 1 ♀); “USA, Puerto Rico, Bosque Estatal Maricao, Rt. 120, Km 9.2, 690 m, N 18°08′04″, W 66°57′18″/ Beating plants, leg. N. Franz & J. Metcalf, VII-28-2006” (UPRM: 2 ♂, 1 ♀); “USA, Puerto Rico, Bosque Estatal Maricao, Rt. 120, Km 9.2, 680 m, N 18°08′04″, W 66°57′18″/ leg. Castellanos, Crespo, Franz, Rivera, Tamaris, Yussef, IX-09-2006” (UPRM: 3 dissected ♂, 1 ♀); “Puerto Rico, (USA), Bosque Estatal Maricao, Route 120, Km 9.2, 670 m/ N 18°08′05″, W 66°57′29″/ beating plants at night, leg. N. Franz, XII-22-2006” (UPRM: 2 dissected ♂, 1 ♀); “PUERTO RICO, Maricao, Bosque Estatal Maricao, N 18°9′30″, W 66°59′53″, 480 m, beating plants, Dec 9/[20]08, Leg. J. Girón, A. Mazo” (UPRM: 1 ♀); “Puerto Rico, Maravilla, Finca Mayol/ 18-VII-71, J. Micheli/ at light/ #11/ Compared with type ♀, Apodrosus wolcotti Mshl ”(CWOB:1♀);“PUERTO RICO, Guajataca For. Res., July 27, 1979/ Collector: G. B. Marshall” (CWOB: 1 ♂, 1 ♀); “PUERTO RICO, Barrio Carrizales, Indiera Alta, 21-V-1987, N. Virkki” (CWOB: 1 ♀); “Adjuntas, VI-1-1934, C. M. Matos” (UPRM: 1 ♀); “Puerto Rico, (USA), Bosque Estatal Toro Negro, Cerro de Punta, 1330 m/ N 18°10.333′, W 66°35.513′/ Beating/ sweeping plants, leg. Cardona, Castellanos, Franz & Girón, Jan-04-2008” (UPRM: 3 dissected ♂, 1 dissected ♀); “5 mi. N. E. Jayuya, P. R. VII 17-19, 1969, H. & A. Howden” (CMNC: 1 ♂); “PUERTO RICO, Carraizo Alto, 24 VI-1985, N. Virkki, Mangifera indica ” (CWOB: 1 ♂); “El Verde Sta., Luquillo Forest, P. R. VII 9, 1969, H. & A. Howden” (CMNC: 1♀); “PUERTO RICO: El Verde, 250 m, 24 Sep 1987, M. A. Ivie, at light” (CMNC: 1 ♂); “PUERTO RICO, Caribbean N. F., El Verde Field Sta. 8-14 May 1985 at UV light, 300 m el./ C. U. I. C. 1985 EXP., E. R. Hoebeke, J. K. Liebherr, S. W. Nichols” (CMNC: 2 ♂); “PUERTO RICO, Carib. N. F., El Yunque, Hwy. (191), K11H4, July 29, 1979, C. W. O’Brien” (CWOB: 1 ♀); “El Yunque Sta., Luquillo Forest, P. R. VII 10-16, 1969, H. & A. Howden” (CMNC: 1♀); “PUERTO RICO, Carib. Nt. For., Luquillo Div. El Yunque Rec. Ar., 26-V-1986, E. G. Riley & D. A. Rider” (CWOB: 1 ♂); “PUERTO RICO, Carib. Nt. For., Luquillo Div. Catalina, 26-V-1986, E. G. Riley & D. A. Rider” (CWOB: 1 ♀); “PUERTO RICO: 6.5 Km S Mameyes, Rt 966 & 191, 22 Sep 1987, 350 m, M. A. Ivie, sweeping” (CMNC: 1 ♀); “PUERTO RICO, loc. unknown, #144, N. Virkki” (CWOB: 1 ♂).

Redescription

Body length 4-6 mm; in dorsal view ( Fig. 1A ) 3-times longer than greatest width which is at second third of elytra, shape escudate; dorsal outline in lateral view convex in males, strongly convex in females. Integument surface slightly undulated; vestiture composed of dark brown and light brown to white, iridescent (reddish) scales, with recurvate, decumbent, brown setae. Eyes ( Fig. 1B ) 1.5-times longer than wide, strongly projected, 0.5-times width and 0.7-times length of head in lateral view, separated from anterior margin of prothorax by 0.3-times greatest diameter of eye; line of anterior margin of eyes slightly impressed; shortest distance between eyes 0.3-times greatest width of pronotum; median furrow ( Fig. 1B ) linear, deep, extending from anterior third of eyes beyond their posterior margin though not reaching anterior margin of pronotum. Rostrum 1.5-times longer than wide; epistome apically with 3-4 setae situated on each side; nasal plate not defined. Length of rostrum in lateral view 1.3-times its basal width; antennal insertion near apical third of rostrum; scrobe curved downwards by 40°, directed ventrally at end, slightly surpassing anterior margin of eye, separated from it by 2-times width of scrobe. Mandibles with 1 lateral seta, pharyngeal process 1.5-times longer than mandible. Maxillae ( Fig. 2C ) with cardo 3.2-times longer than its greatest width; stipes with 3 short lateral setae; galeo-lacinial complex mesally extending to apex of maxillary palpomere I, apex with 6-8 tongue-like apically narrowed setae and a tuft of narrower and shorter setae, with 4 lacinial teeth, and 2 long fine setae at base of lacinia; maxillary palpomere I 1.4-times longer than II and III each; I and II each with 1 mesolateral seta. Labium ( Fig. 2D ) with prementum slightly longer than wide, with external surface sculptured. Antennae reddish brown; antennal scape extending beyond posterior margin of eye, not reaching anterior margin of prothorax; funicular antennomere I as long as II; antennal club 0.8-times length of funicle, 2.5-times longer than wide. Pronotum ( Fig. 1A ) transverse, 1.3-times wider than long, greatest width at basal third; dorsal surface shallowly puncturate, each puncture with a curved, spatulate, brown seta; posterior margin slightly bisinuate, 1.3-times wider than anterior margin; prothorax in lateral view with dorsal outline 1.5-times length of ventral outline;scutellum subcircular,with scarce setiform scales.Mesosternum ( Fig. 1D ) 0.6-times length of prosternum. Metasternum with lateral portions posteriorly strongly produced (in lateral profile gradually ascending towards posterior fourth, thereafter descending roundly, posterior face covered with scales); distance between posterior margin of mesocoxae and anterior margin of metacoxae 0.9-times length of prosternum. Metendosternite ( Fig. 3A ) with furcal arms 1.3-times longer than stalk, positioned nearly at 120° in relation to horizontal axis; ventral margin of stalk 2.2- times its dorsal width. Legs with profemora 1.5-times length of pronotum; tibiae with short, curved setae along ventral margin; claws slightly divergent. Length of elytra in dorsal view ( Fig. 1A ) 1.7-times their greatest width which is 1.7-times wider than pronotum; anterior margins sinuate; humeral region 1.6-times width of posterior margin of pronotum; lateral margins subparallel until second third, thereafter convergent; apex acutely rounded; in lateral view ( Fig. 1B ) with dorsal outline strongly convex, particularly in females; posterior declivity gradually descending; striae IX and X fused along their second third; intervals completely covered with oval scales, usually darker along anterior half, thereafter lighter; interval X strongly produced along second fifth; with recurvate, spatulate, brown setae. Wings ( Fig. 3B ) 2.2-times length of elytra, 3-times longer than wide; costal margin emarginate along basal third; apex rounded; cubital margin slightly rounded; alar venation well developed, 3A intersecting with 2A; 4A not defined; anal area with margin slightly emarginate. Venter ( Fig. 1D ) with elongate, apically truncate, whitish scales, denser on sides, scarce in mid region; IV 1.5- times longer than V and VI jointly; posterior margin of VII widely rounded; ♂: IV 1.4-times length of VII, VII with anterior margin 2-times wider than its length; ♀: IV 1.8-times length of VII, VII with anterior margin 2.5-times wider than its length.

Terminalia. Male with tergum VII ( Fig. 4A ) 1.4-times wider than its mesal length; anterior margin nearly triangular, mesally narrowly truncate, posterior margin mesally emarginate, posterior area with long bifid setae. Tergum VIII ( Fig. 4B ) transverse, 1.9- times wider than its mesal length, with anterior margin acutely emarginate; posterior margin mesally slightly emarginate, laterally rounded, with setae on posterior half. Sternum VIII ( Fig. 4C ) with posterior margin mesally emarginate, spiculum relictum present, forming a forked process with base as long as arms, 2-times longer than wide, arms darker from midpoint to apex. Spiculum gastrale ( Fig. 4D ) with apodeme 1.6- times longer than aedeagus, each furcal arm sclerotized, suboval, both with parallel inner margins, emarginate at junction with apodeme. Tegmen ( Fig. 4E ) with tegminal apodeme 0.9-times length of aedeagus; tegminal plate simple. Aedeagus in dorsal view ( Fig. 4F ) 3.8-times longer than its greatest width, parallel sided; apex set off, projected laterally, mesally strongly emarginate. Pedon with an oval elongate opening extending from mid length nearly to apex. Endophallus with a pair of apically opposed, elongate, irregular plates, with a median semi-triangular sclerite positioned at apical third, and with 2 lateral irregular rows of 10-30 triangular, narrow teeth, each row with apices of teeth directed mesally. Aedeagus in lateral view ( Fig. 4G ) 7.6-times longer than its greatest width; apex dorsally projected. Aedeagal apodemes 0.8-times length of aedeagus.

Female. With tergum VII as long as wide; posterior margin rounded. Tergum VIII subtrapezoidal, 1.6-times longer than wide. Sternum VIII ( Fig. 5A ) with lamina spatulate, occupying posterior one fourth. Coxites+styli ( Fig. 5 Band 5C) 1.6-times length of lamina of sternum VIII, stylus 3.1-times longer than its greatest width, with 1 long and 3-4 shorter apical setae. Genital chamber 0.6-times length of sternum VIII. Spermatheca ( Fig. 5D ) 1.8-times longer than wide, J-shaped; cornu roundly curved towards ramus; margin between cornu and ramus roundly emarginate; ramus apically truncate, almost laterally situated, nearly opposed to collum; collum apically narrowed; surface of cornu striate, reticulate on collum.

Variation

Th e examined specimens vary mainly in size and coloration pattern, displaying either a defined lighter posterior area preceded by a dark transversal band, or a uniform coloration.

Natural history

Apodrosus wolcotti occurs mainly at higher elevations of the Puerto Rican Central Cordillera, at 300-1320 m above sea level ( Fig. 19A ). According to Wolcott (1924), the adults feed on Inga vera Willd. (Fabaceae) and are found resting on coffee leaves ( Coffea arabica Linnaeus , Rubiaceae ). Martorell (1976) lists the following additional putative host plant species of A. wolcotti : Inga fagifolia (Linnaeus) Willd. ex Benth. (Fabaceae) and Vanilla fragrans Ames (Orchidaceae) .

Figures

Fig. 1. Apodrosus wolcotti, habitus of female. (A) dorsal view; (B) head, frontal view; (C) lateral view; (D) ventral view. This figure is published in colour in the online version of this journal, which can be accessed via http://www.brill/ise

Fig. 3. Apodrosus wolcotti; (A) metendosternite, posterior view; (B) left wing.

Fig. 4. Apodrosus wolcotti, male terminalia. (A) tergum VII; (B) tergum VIII; (C) sternum VIII, with spiculum relictum; (D) spiculum gastrale; (E) tegmen; (F) and (G) aedeagus in dorsal and lateral view, respectively.

Fig. 5. Apodrosus wolcotti, female terminalia. (A) sternum VIII; (B) and (C) coxites in dorsal and lateral view, respectively; (D) spermatheca.

Fig. 2. (A) Apodrosus epipolevatus, head, ventral view; (B) A. argentatus, mandibles with deciduous processes attached; (C) A. wolcotti, right maxilla, ventral view; (D) A. wolcotti, labial prementum, ventral view. This figure is published in colour in the online version of this journal, which can be accessed via http:// www.brill/ise

Fig. 19. Occurrences of Puerto Rican Apodrosus species: (A) A. epipolevatus and A. wolcotti; (B) A. argentatus which is also present on the islands of Hispaniola, Vieques and St. Croix (see Fig. 18).