Pseudostenophylax tanidai, Nozaki, Takao, 2013

Nozaki, Takao, 2013, The genus Pseudostenophylax Martynov (Trichoptera, Limnephilidae) in Japan, Zootaxa 3666 (4), pp. 559-578 : 573-575

Pseudostenophylax tanidai sp. nov.

( Figs. 8 , 10 )

Pseudostenophylax sp.: Tanida 1990, 54, 56.

Diagnosis. This species belongs to P. adlimitans Species Group (Schmid 1991). This species and P. b e f u i sp. nov. are closely related to each other in the shape of male and female genitalia, but is easily distinguishable from the latter by the male genitalia: Phallicata with long forceps-like phallotremal sclerite apically, but with shorter phallotremal sclerite in P. b e f u i; and parameres each bearing short finger-like sclerotized process, but parameres entirely membranous in P. b e f u i.

Furthermore, adults are easily distinguishable from those of Japanese species belonging to the P. ondakensis Species Group by the following characters. In the male of this species, the hind wings are wider than the forewings, but they are approximately the same width as the forewings in the P. ondakensis Species Group; the jugal regions of the hindwings bear many long white hair-like setae, but these setae are not so dense in the P. ondakensis Species Group; the parameres each consist of a small sclerotized lobe and a large membranous lobe, but they are not divided in the P. ondakensis Species Group. In female genitalia of this species, segment X has a large bulge under the anal opening, but segment X is without this bulge in the P. ondakensis Group. Larvae of this species are similar to those of P. tochigiensis in having ventral chloride epithelium on abdominal segment VIII, but can be distinguished from the latter by the length of primary setae 5 on the head: The length of each seta 5 is about 2 times as long as the distance between the bases of setae 5 in this species, but less than 1.5 times as long in P. tochigiensis .

Adult. General appearance similar to that of species in P. ondakensis Species Group, but color of forewings darker. Forewings 12–15 mm long in male, 13–18 mm in female (i.e., generally longer in females than in males). Hind wings pale brown, wider than forewings, anal area highly developed in male; jugal region thickly covered with white hair-like bristles in male, hair-like setae short and sparse in female. Venation as in Figures 8 A, 8B. Tibial spurs 1-3-4.

Male genitalia. Tergum VIII with posterodorsal sclerotized area covered by many short spine-like setae. Segment IX in lateral aspect short dorsally, concave posteriorly and swelling posterolaterally at midheight. Superior appendages ear-like in lateral aspect. Segment X with pair of nostril-like concavities dorsally, inner surface with many long setae. Intermediate appendages beak-like in dorsal aspect, acute apices directed dorsomesad. Lateral sclerites of segment X largely fused with intermediate appendages. Inferior appendages each one-segmented, long triangular in lateral aspect, trapezoidal in ventral aspect. Phallicata and endophallic membranes thick, phallotremal sclerite strongly sclerotized dorsolaterally, forceps-like in dorsal aspect; phallicata cylindrical, with spatula-shaped projection posteroventrally, strongly sclerotized. Parameres large, mostly membranous, each divided into two parts; mesal sclerotized projection darkly pigmented, with minute denticles apically; lateral membrane long, tapering.

Female genitalia. Tergum IX rectangular in lateral aspect. Sternum IX semicircular in lateral aspect. Segment X developed into two lobes, each bell-shaped in dorsal aspect, as long as basal width in dorsal aspect; with slender finger-like process apically, apices slightly curved ventrad, unpigmented; with large bulge under anal opening, weakly sclerotized. Supragenital plate rudimentary. Vulval scale consisting of median lobe and pair of lateral lobes; median lobe slender oval in lateral aspect, directed posterad; lateral lobes elliptical in ventral aspect, caudal surface slightly concave.Vaginal sclerite situated posteriorly, reverse L-shaped in lateral aspect, oval in dorsal aspect.

Final instar larva. Larva up to 18 mm long. Head round in dorsal aspect; mostly reddish to dark brown, but often paler posterodorsally, especially in posterior corner of frontoclypeal apotome; primary setae 5 long, each about 2 times as long as distance between bases of setae 5; setae 6 transparent, short, each about 1/3 length of seta 5; setae 14 longest; ventral setae 18 minute. Ventral apotome vase-shaped, elongate caudally. Labrum yellowish brown; with primary setae 2–6 on dorsum; anteroventral setae 1 shortest. Mandibles black; right and left ones almost symmetrical, triangular in dorsal aspect; four apical teeth present, often shortened or indistinct by abrasion. Prosternal horn long. Pronotal sclerites yellowish brown, with long pigmented and short transparent setae; anterior edge with transparent hair-like setae. Mesonotal sclerites yellowish brown. Metanotal sclerites yellowish brown, with about 10 setae between sa 2 sclerites. Hind femora each bearing 4 to 6 setae along ventral edge, lateral side with 3 to 5 setae near ventral margin. Abdominal segment I with about 100 setae dorsally, with more than 100 setae ventrally. Abdominal gills single, usually present on following segments: Dorsal gills on abdominal segments II to VI (anterior and posterior), and on VII (anterior); lateral gills on II to IV (anterior and posterior); ventral gills on II to VII (anterior and posterior); but arrangement of gills on dorsum of VI and VII variable. Lateral fringe present on abdominal segments III to VIII. Forked lamellae present on abdominal segments III to VIII. Ventral chloride epithelia present on abdominal segments II to VIII. Anal claws each with one accessory hook.

Case. Larval case similar to that of P. tochigiensis .

Holotype. Male (pinned), Kurotaki-bashi, Oyacho-yokoiki, Yabu-shi, Hyogo, 35°20’16.7”N, 134°30’53.7”E, 1,240 m a.s.l., 17.ix.1988, C. Kugo (CBM-146875).

Paratype. Same data as the holotype, 1 male (in alcohol) (TN).

Other specimens examined. Hyogo: Same data as the holotype, 4 females (1 female CBM-146881; others TN); same data as the holotype except for collecting date 28.viii.1990, 1 male, 1 female (KT); Shindai-goya, Hyono-sen, 25.v.1988, K. Tanida, 30 larvae (KT); near the top of Hyono-sen, Yabu-shi, 14.x.1969, N. Nishimura, 3 larvae (TN); Tottori: Dai-sen, 14.x.2001, T. Befu, 1 male (TN); Ehime: Banjo-dani, Wakayama, Kumakogen-cho, 19.vii.2003, M. Takai, 1 male (TN); Heitsubo, ca. 1,660 m a.s.l.; Heiga-mori, Saijo-shi, 26.v.2012, M. Takai, 2 larvae (TN); ibid., 2.vi.2012, M. Takai, 21 larvae (2 larvae NMNH; others TN); Kochi: Heiga-mori, Terakawa, Ino-cho, 10.vii.1993, T. Befu, 2 males (TN); ibid., 13.vii.2002, T. Befu, 1 male (TN); ibid., 1.viii.2003 (light), T. Befu, 1 male, 2 females (TN); Sangaku-doro, Terakawa, Ino-cho, 12.vii.2002, M. Takai, 2 males, 1 female (TN); near Nishiguro-mori, Terakawa, Ino-cho, 1.viii.2003 (light), M. Takai, 15 males, 2 female (TN); ibid., 30.vii.2005, M. Takai, 10 males, 4 females (TN); Higashikuromori-yama, Terakawa, Ino-cho, 1.viii.2006 (light), M. Takai, 3 females (TN); Kumamoto: Siiya-toge, Yamato-cho, 13.vii.1988, I. Ohtsuka, 1 male, 1 female (KT).

Etymology. This species is dedicated to Professor Kazumi Tanida, Osaka Prefecture University, who mentioned this species as an undescribed species for the first time.

Distribution. Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu).

Biology. Larvae were collected from headwaters in high mountain areas. Both males and females were collected by light traps in summer.

Japanese name. Tanida-miyama-tobikera.

Figures

FIGURE 8. Adults and larva of Pseudostenophylax tanidai. A, right male wings, dorsal. B, right female wings, dorsal. C – H, male genitalia: C, left lateral; D, dorsal; E, ventral; F, caudal; G, phallus, dorsal; H, phallicata, endophallic membranes and phallotremal sclerite, left lateral. I – M, female genitalia: I, left lateral; J, dorsal; K, ventral; L, vaginal sclerite, left lateral; M, vaginal sclerite, dorsal. N, larval head, pro-, meso- and metanota, dorsal.

FIGURE 10. Distributions of Japanese Pseudostenophylax species.