Oxylipeurus, Mjoberg, 1910

Gustafsson, Daniel R., Lei, Lujia & Zou, Fasheng, 2020, Calidolipeurus, new genus for Lipeurus megalops Piaget, 1880 (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera: Oxylipeurus-complex), with a redescription of the type species and a preliminary key to the Oxylipeurus-complex, European Journal of Taxonomy 686, pp. 1-15 : 8-12

Preliminary key to the genera of the Oxylipeurus -complex

Characters taken primarily from Clay (1938), Clay & Meinertzhagen (1941), Carriker (1945, 1967), Emerson & Ward (1958), Kéler (1958), Elbel & Price (1970), Mey (1982, 1990, 2006, 2010), Gustafsson et al. (2020), and examinations of specimens. Additional groups deserving recognition at the genus level may exist, and many species of the complex are in need of further study and redescription. The genus Labicotes Kéler, 1939 , may also belong to this complex, based on similarities in male and female terminalia, male genitalia, and temporal chaetotaxy between this genus and Chelopistes . This needs to be confirmed by additional studies of species of Labicotes , and the genus is not included here. 1. Broad-headed, with width of head similar to, or wider than, length of head ( Figs 19–20 ); temples with elongated “horns” ( Fig. 19 ) or with prominent lateral bulges ( Fig. 20 ).................................... 2

– Slender-headed, with head clearly longer than wide ( Fig. 5 ); temples generally rounded, never with prominent bulging.............................................................................................................................. 3

2. Temporal setae mts1–2 macrosetae ( Fig. 20 )...................................... Trichodomedea Carriker, 1946

– Temporal setae mts1–2 microsetae ( Fig. 19 ) ................................................. Chelopistes Kéler, 1939

3. Dorsal preantennal suture present ( Figs 5 , 21 ) .................................................................................. 4

– Dorsal preantennal suture absent or if present only visible around aperture of ads and not extending medianly ( Fig. 22 ) ........................................................................................................................... 10

4. Dorsal preantennal suture as median, elongated oval, not expanded laterally ( Fig. 5 ); female terminalia with marginal mesosetae distributed more or less equally around distal margin ( Fig. 4 ); eye very large and preocular nodus absent ( Fig. 5 ) ..................................... Calidolipeurus gen. nov.

– Dorsal preantennal suture transversal, normally reaching apertures of ads ( Fig. 21 ); female terminalia with marginal setae gathered in the same area ( Fig. 23 ); eye not very large ( Fig. 21 ), and preocular nodus present ..................................................................................................................................... 5

5. Clypeo-labral suture present ( Fig. 24 ); stylus expanded distally, with small “hooks” on lateral margins ( Fig. 25 )........................................................................ Gallancyra Gustafsson & Zou, 2020

– Clypeo-labral suture absent ( Fig. 5 ); stylus differing in shape, but never with lateral ‘hooks’......... 6

6. Dorsal preantennal suture with postero-lateral elongations (“epistomal suture” sensu Kéler 1958) extending towards preantennal nodi ( Fig. 26 ); hyaline margin present ( Fig. 26 ) ....................................................................... Splendoroffula Clay & Meinertzhagen, 1941

– Dorsal preantennal suture without such extensions ( Fig. 21 ); hyaline margin absent ( Fig. 21 ) ....... 7

7. Dorsal postantennal suture present ( Fig. 27 ); male genitalia asymmetrical, with mesosome much reduced ( Fig. 28 )...................................................................................... Oxylipeurus Mjöberg, 1910

– Dorsal postantennal suture absent ( Fig. 21 ); male genitalia symmetrical, with prominent mesosome (variable, but similar to Figs 8–11 ).................................................................................................... 8

8. Coni elongated (similar to Fig. 5 ); male mesosome with prominent V- or Y-shaped thickening in distal half ( Fig. 29 ); proximal margin of mesosome with rounded lateral lobes ( Fig. 29 ); frons convergent to median point in most species (similar to Fig. 27 ).............. Megalipeurus Kéler, 1958 .

– Coni short ( Fig. 21 ); male mesosome without thickening in distal half; proximal margin variable, but never with rounded lateral lobes; frons rounded ............................................................................... 9

9. Male abdominal segments IX and IX+X with prominent postero-lateral extensions (“claspers” sensu Carriker 1945) ( Fig. 30 )............................................................ Eiconolipeurus Carriker, 1945

– Male abdomen without such structures .................................................... Reticulipeurus Kéler, 1958

10. Frons convergent to median point ( Fig. 27 ) .....................................................................................11

– Frons rounded ( Fig. 21 ) ................................................................................................................... 12

11. Male tergopleurites II–VII medianly continuous with no median indentations of anterior margin; male abdominal segments IX +X and XI fused into roughly triangular cone ( Fig. 31 ); stylus elongated and slender, in the shape of a posterior extension of the male subgenital plate ( Fig. 31 ); female terminalia without “claspers”, vulval margin more or less straight ............................... Afrilipeurus Mey, 2010

– Male tergopleurites II–VII either divided medianly, or with median indentation of anterior margin; male tergopleurites IX +X and XI separate, posterior margin concave (similar to Fig. 1 ); stylus short and blunt ( Fig. 32 ); female terminalia with “claspers”, vulval margin deeply concave ( Fig. 33 ) .................................................................................................... Talegallipeurus Mey, 1982

12. Male parameres strongly S-curved ( Fig. 34 ); stylus arising centrally on abdominal segment IX +X ( Fig. 35 ) ..................................................................................... Sinolipeurus Gustafsson et al., 2020

– Male parameres not S-curved ( Fig. 36 ); stylus varying in shape, but always arising terminally or subterminally on subgenital plate (similar to Fig. 3 )....................................................................... 13

13. Male genitalia simple, with parameres fused to basal apodeme and mesosome much reduced ( Fig. 37 ) ...................................................................................................... Epicolinus Carriker, 1945

– Male genitalia with parameres articulating with basal apodeme, and mesosome not reduced (similar in structure but not shape to Fig. 8 ) ................................................................................................. 14

14. Lateral margins of postantennal head with secondary, ventral carina between antennal socket and site of mts2 or mts3 ( Fig. 38 ); area between margin of head and secondary carina, densely reticulated, including ventral surface of eye ( Fig. 38 ); male parameres with pst1–2 situated close together apically; male gonoporal complex does not reach distal margin of mesosome; female subgenital plate divided medianly ( Fig. 39 )..................................................... Valimia Gustafsson & Zou, 2020

– Lateral margins of postantennal head without secondary carina and without extensive ventral reticulation (similar to Fig. 5 ); male parameres with pst1–2 separated, and only pst2 apical; male gonoporal complex reached to or beyond distal margin of mesosome; female subgenital plate medianly continuous ( Fig. 40 )........................................ Cataphractomimus Gustafsson et al., 2020

Figures

Figs 19–26. 19. Outline of head and temporal macrosetae (cut off distally) of male Chelopistes meleagridis (Linnaeus, 1758), redrawn from Kéler (1939). 20. Outline of head and temporal macrosetae (cut off distally) of female Trichodomedea setosus Carriker, 1946, redrawn from original description. 21. Outline of head and dorsal preantennal suture of male Reticulipeurus mesopelios (Nitzsch, 1866), redrawn from Gustafsson et al. (2020). 22. Outline of head and dorsal preantennal suture of male Cataphractomimus junae Gustafsson et al., 2020, redrawn from original description. 23. Female terminalia of Reticulipeurus mesopelios (Nitzsch, 1866), redrawn from Gustafsson et al. (2020); vulval margin, lateral macrosetae, and subvulval plates not illustrated. 24. Ventral view of preantennal area in Gallancyra dentata (Sugimoto, 1934) (redrawn from Gustafsson & Zou 2020a). 25. Outline of stylus in Gallancyra dentata (Sugimoto, 1934) (redrawn from Gustafsson & Zou 2020a). 26. Outline of preantennal area and dorsal preantennal suture of Splendoroffula ampullaceal Kéler, 1955, redrawn from Kéler (1958). Antennae not included in any illustration. Abbreviations used: C = conus; CLS = clypeo-labral suture; DPS = dorsal preantennal suture; E = eye; ES = epistomal suture; HM = hyaline margin; mts3 = marginal temporal seta 3; os = ocular seta. Illustrations are not to scale.

Figs 5–12. Calidolipeurus megalops (Piaget, 1880) gen. et comb. nov., based on specimens on slide NHMUK010682491 (NHMUK). 5. Male head, dorsal and ventral views. 6. Male antennae, ventral view. 7. Female antenna, ventral view. 8. Male genitalia (mesosome everted), dorsal view. 9. Male mesosome (everted), ventral view. 10. Male mesosome (not everted), dorsal view. 11. Male mesosome (not everted), ventral view. 12. Male paramere, dorsal view. Male and female antenna at same scale as male head; all genitalic elements at same scale.

Figs 3–4. Calidolipeurus megalops (Piaget, 1880) gen. et comb. nov., based on specimens on slide NHMUK010682491 (NHMUK). 3. Male subgenital plate and terminalia, ventral view. 4. Female subgenital plate and terminalia, ventral view.

Figs 27–37. 27. Outline of head and dorsal post-antennal suture of Oxylipeurus inaequalis (Piaget, 1880), redrawn from Mey (1990); original drawing asymmetrical. 28. Male genitalia of Oxylipeurus inaequalis (Piaget, 1880), redrawn from Mey (1990); some details left out for clarity. 29. Ventral view of mesosome of Megalipeurus sinensis Gustafsson et al., 2020, redrawn from original description. 30. Dorsal view of male terminalia of Eiconolipeurus melanotis Carriker, 1945, redrawn from original description; setae not illustrated. 31. Dorsal and ventral views of male terminalia of Afrilipeurus vincentei Kéler, 1953, redrawn from Mey (2010); seta not illustrated. 32. Ventral view of male terminalia and stylus of Talegallipeurus tenuis Mey, 1982, redrawn from original description; setae not illustrated; original illustration asymmetrical (Mey 1982). 33. Ventral view of female terminalia and vulval margin of Talegallipeurus tenuis Mey, 1982, redrawn from original description; setae not illustrated. 34. Outline of male paramere of Sinolipeurus tetraophasis (Clay, 1938), redrawn and simplified from Gustafsson et al. (2020). 35. Outline of male terminalia and stylus of Sinolipeurus tetraophasis (Clay, 1938), redrawn and simplified from Gustafsson et al. (2020). 36. Outline of male paramere of Reticulipeurus ithaginis (Clay, 1938), redrawn and simplified from Gustafsson et al. (2020). 37. Distal section of male genitalia of Epicolinus clavatus (McGregor, 1917), redrawn from Carriker (1945). Abbreviations used: AL = anterior lobes; CL = “claspers”; DPAS = dorsal post-antennal suture; IX–XI = tergopleurites IX–XI; STY = stylus; VM = vulval margin; Y = Y-shaped thickening. Antennae not included in any illustration. Illustrations are not to scale.

Figs 1–2. Calidolipeurus megalops (Piaget, 1880) gen. et comb. nov., based on specimens on slide NHMUK010682491 (NHMUK). 1. Habitus, ♂, dorsal and ventral views. 2. Habitus, ♀, dorsal and ventral views.

Figs 38–40. 38. Outline of male head of Valimia polytrapezius (Burmeister, 1838), with post-antennal ventral carina and densely reticulated area marked with grey dots; other characters omitted. 39. Outline of ventral view of female terminalia of “Oxylipeurus polytrapezius” (Burmeister, 1838). Setae not illustrated. (38–39 redrawn from Gustafsson & Zou 2020b) 40. Outline of ventral view of female terminalia of Cataphractomimus impervius Gustafsson et al., 2020, redrawn and simplified from the original description. Antennae not included in any illustration. Abbreviations used: LAVP = lateral accessory vulval plates; SGP = subgenital plate; SMC = secondary marginal carina. Illustrations are not to scale.