Philodoria platyphylliella Kobayashi, Johns & Kawahara

Kobayashi, Shigeki, Johns, Chris A. & Kawahara, Akito Y., 2021, Revision of the Hawaiian endemic leaf-mining moth genus Philodoria Walsingham (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae): its conservation status, host plants and descriptions of thirteen new species, Zootaxa 4944 (1), pp. 1-175 : 101

Philodoria platyphylliella Kobayashi, Johns & Kawahara sp. n.

Figs. 22D , 50I , 51G , 52G , 75D–G , 87G–I .

Philodoria sp. 14; Johns et al. 2018: figs. 1A, 2.

Type locality. Nakula Natural Area Reserve (Maui).

Etymology. The specific epithet, platyphylliella , refers to the species epithet of Dubautia platyphylla , its host plant.

Type material. Holotype ♂, Nakula Nar, Maui Is., 11.viii.2014 (stored), C.A. Johns leg., host: Dubautia platyphylla , 26.vii.2014, CJ363, SK833♂ in BPBM . Paratype ♂, same locality and data as holotype, 10.viii.2014 (stored), CJ358, PHIL0026 (only abdomen) in BPBM. The holotype was mounted as a dry pinned specimen by placing two forewings without mountant under a coverslip. The head, antenna, thorax, and legs of paratype were sacrificed for molecular analysis.

Additional material. 1♀, same locality and data as holotype, 12.viii.2014 (stored), CJ368, PHIL0025 genitalia missing in BPBM .

Diagnosis. The forewing pattern similar to that of P. nigrelloides (Swezey) and P. touchardiella (Swezey) , but is differs from them by having a darker brown forewing with a blue to fuscous patch at its apex ( Fig. 22D ). The male genitalia is similar to that of P. touchardiella , but is distinguished by its rather thick saccus.

Description: Adult ( Fig. 22D , 75D–G ). Forewing length 3.4, 3.6 mm in holotype. Head bronze; frons white; maxillary palpus pale bronze; labial palpus white basal half, bronze at apex; Antenna bronze, about 1.1–1.2 x length of forewing. Thorax dark brown. Forewing dun to bronze with three oblique white streaks: ds 2 at about 2/5, extends to about middle of wing; a smaller ds 3 at 2/3. a small costal spot at near base; cs 3 from 3/4, extending about 2/3 across wing; apical portion dark orangish brown with a large as of blue scales; a blue to fuscous patch at 4/5; few shiny gray spot at the middle of apical portion; cilia fuscous mixed dark brown scales with three white costal spots (a, b, c) at apex; black bl 1 at terminal cilia. Hindwing and cilia fuscous. Abdomen bronze, white beneath. Legs fuscous.

Male genitalia ( Figs. 50I , 51G , 52G ) (n=2). Capsule 800 µm. Tegumen 0.9 x length of valva; valva 590 µm long, tapering along costal margin from basal 1/2 to apex ( Fig. 50I ). Saccus digitiform in ventral view ( Fig. 51G ). Phallus 500 µm long and straight, slightly widening at phallobase with developed coecum; cornuti in vesica indistinct ( Fig. 52G ).

Female genitalia Unknown.

Distribution. Maui.

Host plants. Asteraceae : Dubautia platyphylla (A.Gray) D.D. Keck. Dubautia platyphylla is rare and restricted to Maui. We surveyed a small population of this plant species within Nakula Natural Area Reserve, Maui, in July 2014 ( Fig. 69C, D ). This plant population was located on a steep drainage and was out of reach of ungulates, goat, pig, and deer.

Biology. ( Fig. 87G–I ). Larvae form an oblong blotch mine ( Fig. 87G–I ). Pupation occurs in the white cocoon on the adaxial leaf surface ( Fig. 87I ).

Figures

FIGURE 22. Adults of Philodoria species. A P. keaensis sp. n. holotype female, lateral view, B Forewings of holotype, C P. nigrelloides (Swezey, 1946) holotype female, D Forewings of P. platyphylliella sp. n. holotype male. Scale bar 1 mm.

FIGURE 50. Valva of Philodoria, inner view. A, C, E–J, L: Left valva, B, D, K, M: Right valva. A, B P. neraudicola, paralectotype, Oahu, SK707, C, D P. obamaorum, paratype, Hawaii (Big Island), SK709, E P. urerana, Oahu, paralectotype, SK671, F P. hauicola, Oahu, SK694, G P. keahii, holotype, Oahu, SK758, H P. touchardiella Maui, SK643, I P. platyphylliella, holotype, Maui, SK833, J, K P. marginestrigata, Oahu, SK662, host: unknown, L Same species, Molokai, SK771, host: Abutilon menziesii, M Same species, Kauai, SK784, host: Sida, fallax.

FIGURE 51. Genital capsule of Philodoria, excluding right portion of male genitalia, ventral view. A P. neraudicola, paralectotype, Oahu, SK707, B P. obamaorum, paratype, Hawaii (Big Island), SK709, C P. urerana, paralectotype, Oahu, SK671, D P. hauicola, Oahu, SK694, E P. keahii, holotype, Oahu, SK758, F P. touchardiella Maui, SK643, G P. platyphylliella, holotype, Maui, SK833, H P. marginestrigata, Oahu, SK662 host: unknown.

FIGURE 52. Phallus of Philodoria, lateral view.A P. neraudicola, paralectotype, Oahu, SK707, B P. obamaorum, paratype, Hawaii (Big Island), SK709, C P. urerana, paralectotype, Oahu, SK671, D P. hauicola, Oahu, SK695, E P. keahii, holotype, Oahu, SK758, F P. touchardiella Maui, SK643, G P. platyphylliella, holotype, Maui, SK833, H P. marginestrigata, Oahu, PHIL0029 host: Abutilon incanum.

FIGURE 69. Habitats and host plants of Philodoria on Maui. A Kauaula, type locality of P. keahii, shown is its host plant Remya mauiensis, B Same as A, flowers, C Nakula Natural Area Reserve, type locality of P. platyphylliella, shown is its host plant Dubautia platyphylla, D Same as C, flowers.

FIGURE 75. Resting posture of adult Philodoria. A Philodoria sp. nr. P dubauticola, Maui, CJ315, host: Dubautia platyphylla, B P. hesperomanniella, Maui, CJ367, host: Hesperomannia arborescens, C Same moth species and host plant, West Maui, CJ362, D, E P. platyphylliella, Maui, CJ368, host: Dubautia platyphylla, F, G Same moth species and host plant, male, Maui, CJ358.

FIGURE 87. Philodoria species on leaves of the host plant, Dubautia. A–D: Unidentified Philodoria species, nr. P. naenaeiella or related species. E, F: P. sp. 1 of Johns et al. (2018), Maui, host: Dubautia menziesii G–I: P. platyphylliella, Maui, host: Dubautia platyphylla. A D. plantaginea Waihee Valley, Maui, CJ371, one adult (sex unknown) did not emerge, B–D D. laxa Konahuanui, Oahu, all larvae were consumed by parasitoids, CJ208, 242, 248.