Philodoria costalis Swezey, 1934

Kobayashi, Shigeki, Johns, Chris A. & Kawahara, Akito Y., 2021, Revision of the Hawaiian endemic leaf-mining moth genus Philodoria Walsingham (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae): its conservation status, host plants and descriptions of thirteen new species, Zootaxa 4944 (1), pp. 1-175 : 46-48

Philodoria costalis Swezey, 1934

Figs. 10A , 57A, B , 61I–N .

Philodoria costalis Swezey, 1934: 524–525 ; Zimmerman 1978a: 708, figs. 462, 469, 476.

Type locality. Makaha ridge, 3000 ft, west side of Mount Kaala (Oahu) .

Type material. Lectotype ♂, Makaha ridge, 3000 ft, west side of Mount Kaala, Waianae Mountains, Oahu, 15.iv.1934, O.H. Swezey Collecter, [host:] Pipturus , | Holotype | Philodoria costalis Sewezey Det. by O. H. Swezey| Type no. 4269 in BPBM (here designated). Paralectotypes 2♂, 2♀, same locality and data as lectotype, | Paratype | 34153/Z-XII-20-60-2♂, SK 652♀ |♂ paratype to ECZ 7-17-61[= 17.vii.1961]| BPBM 34154, SK683♂| BPBM 34155, SK 653♀ | BPBM 34156. Described from presumably six specimens that Swezey (1934) examined, reared from numerous mines on Pipturus . One specimen was labeled ‘holotype’ and five others as ‘paratypes’. Given the manner in which the descriptions were written, Swezey likely considered these specimens to be the holotype and paratypes. But as a holotype was not specified in the description, the so-labeled holotype and paratypes are all to be considered syntypes under Article 73.2 of the Code ( ICZN 1999), and any one is thus eligible for designation as lectotype under Article 74 of the Code ( ICZN 1999). The ‘ Holotype, type no. 4269’, which Swezey indicated as holotype in the specimen label, is here designated as lectotype ( Fig. 10A ). The remaining syntypes are paralectotypes.

Diagnosis. Swezey (1934) noted that this species is very similar to Philodoria micropetala Walsingham , but it is distinguishable by the white costal line and the lack of fuscous scales along middle of apical orange area ( Fig. 10A ). The forewing pattern and genitalia are similar to that of P. pipturiella Swezey , but distinguished by the rather oblong forewing with a small white spot at middle ( Fig. 10A ); the straight base of valva; and a rather short ductus bursae.

Redescription: Adult ( Fig. 10A ). Wingspan 7–8 mm; forewing length 3.5 mm in lectotype, 2.4–3.0 mm in paralectotypes. Head tawny brown; frons white; maxillary palpus reduced; labial palpus white shaded with brownish externally on apex of median joint and most of the terminal joint. Antenna uniformly light brown, about 1.25 x length of forewing. Thorax and abdomen tawny brown, white beneath. Forewing tawny brown, suffused with orange patches at apical portion; a broadly oval to nearly circular white spot (ws) about middle or just beyond middle of fold, not reaching dorsum; a narrow white line (cl) on costa from base to about 2/3; white costal spot (cs) at 2/3, this line enclosing fuscous scales; two white bands on both extremities of shiny pale blue color band (bb 3): w 1 at costal 1/4, bent w 2 near opposite at dorsal 1/4; another blue apical spot (as) extending into apical cilia; costal cilia with two white spots (a, b), rest of apical and the terminal cilia brown. Hindwing and cilia brownish fuscous. Legs light brown, white beneath.

Male genitalia ( Fig. 61J–N ). See Zimmerman (1978a: fig. 469). Tegumen 0.8–0.9 x length of valva; valva rather short, tapering along costal margin from 1/2 to apex with short spines at basal region; apical half digitiform, near straight; along the inner side of valva, a series of small spines ( Fig. 61J, L ). Saccus short and tapering toward the point ( Fig. 61K ). Phallus rather short and thick with two series of minute cornuti in vesica ( Fig. 61M ).

Female genitalia ( Fig. 57A, B ) (n=2). 900 µm long. Ostium bursae large; antrum cup-shaped with a pair of slender lateral lobes; lamella antevaginalis 160 µm, weakly sclerotized, widening toward anterior margin of A7. Ductus bursae 300–350 µm; terminus of ductus bursae biforked; corpus bursae oblong, 520 µm; paired rows of wrinkles running longitudinally, some sclerotized.

Distribution. Oahu ( Swezey 1934).

Host plants. Urticaceae : Pipturus sp. ( Swezey 1934).

Biology. Unknown, other than that an oval brown cocoon has been reported to be situated on the surface of a leaf ( Swezey 1934).

Figures

FIGURE 10. Adults of Pipturus feeding Philodoria species. A P. costalis Swezey, 1934 lectotype male, B P. pipturiella Swezey, 1923 lectotype male, one of two cotypes (upper specimen) on the same mount, C Paralectotype male on the same mount as of lectotype (lower specimen), D P. floscula Walsingham, 1907 lectotype female, E Paralectotype male, F P. micropetala Walsingham, 1907 holotype female. Scale bar 1 mm.

FIGURE 57. Female genitalia of Pipturus-mining Philodoria. A P. costalis, paralectotype, SK653 B Same species, paratype, SK652 C P. pipturiella, SK722 D P. pipturicola, paralectotype, lateral view, SK717 E Same species, paralectotype, SK716 F P. haelaauensis, SK792 G P. floscula, SK819.

FIGURE 61. Images of genitalia slides prepared by E. C. Zimmerman. A–D: P. auromagnifica, male, Oahu, Z-XII-20-62-5, E–G: P. auromagnifica, female, Oahu, Z-XII-20-62-6, H: P. basalis, female, Hawaii (Big Island), Z-XII-20-62-4, I–N: P. costalis, paralectotype male, Oahu, Z-XII-20-62-2. A, M Phallus, lateral view, B Entire genitalia except phallus, ventral view, C Coremata, D Abdominal segments II–III, E Abdominal segments II–VI, F Tergum II, G, H Entire female genitalia, I Abdominal segments II–V, J Right valva, K Genital capsule, ventral view, L Left valva, N Abdominal segment VIII with dorsal flap and coremata.