Philodoria dubauticola ( Swezey, 1940 )

Kobayashi, Shigeki, Johns, Chris A. & Kawahara, Akito Y., 2021, Revision of the Hawaiian endemic leaf-mining moth genus Philodoria Walsingham (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae): its conservation status, host plants and descriptions of thirteen new species, Zootaxa 4944 (1), pp. 1-175 : 63-64

Philodoria dubauticola ( Swezey, 1940)

Figs. 14A , 27A , 34E , 47C , 48C , 49C , 58C, D , 88B–F .

Parectopa dubauticola Swezey, 1940: 463–464 .

Philodoria dubauticola Swezey, 1940 ; Zimmerman 1978a: 667, figs. 441, 447; Johns et al. (2016): 63, 64, fig. 1.

Type locality. Ridge above Haelaau (Maui).

Type material. Lectotype ♀, Ridge above Haelaau, Maui, 20.xii.1928, O.H. Swezey Collector, Dubautia , | Holotype Parectopa dubauticola Swezey | Type no. 4258 in BPBM (here designated). Described from three specimens reared from Dubautia leaf mines collected on the ridge above Haelaau, Maui. Swezey considered them as holotype and paratypes as indicated on their specimen labels. However, because a holotype was not specified in the original description, the so-labeled types can all be considered syntypes under Article 73.2 of the Code ( ICZN 1999), and any of them is eligible for designation as lectotype under Article 74 of the Code ( ICZN 1999). The syntype ‘Holotype’ is here designated as lectotype ( Fig. 14A ) and the remaining syntypes are paralectotypes, but we could not find them in BPBM.

Additional material. 7 (3♂, 3♀, 1 sex unknown): 2♂, 3♀, 1 (sex unknown), Haelaau, Maui, 29.iv.& 7.v.2013 (stored), C.A. Johns leg., host: Dubautia laxa , 10.iv.2013, CJ077 / KT982408 (see Remarks), CJ083 / PHIL0023♂, CJ084, CJ094 / SK 645♀, CJ111 / PHIL0008 ♀, CJ256 / SK646♂ in BPBM ; 1♂, Helu, Maui, 14.iii.2015 (stored), K. Bustamente leg., host: D. laxa , 18.xii.2014, KMB01, CJ402, SK812♂ in BPBM .

Philodoria sp. nr P. dubauticola : 3 (sex unknown), Nakula Natural Reserve, Maui, 1.viii.2014 (stored in RNAlater solution), C.A. Johns leg., host: Dubautia platyphylla , 26.vii.2014, CJ 315 in FLMNH ( Fig. 75A ).

Diagnosis. Brownish fuscous forewing with a white longitudinal streak on the basal half of the wing. The species is similar in appearance to P. dubautiella (Swezey) , but distinguishable from the latter by having two dorsal white streaks instead of three on the forewing, a rather broad saccus, and a large and well-sclerotized terminus of the ductus bursae.

Redescription: Adult ( Fig. 14A , 34E ). Wingspan 8 mm; forewing length 4 mm in holotype. Head dirty white; frons white; maxillary palpus white with few dark scales externally; labial palpus whitish, second segment broadly infuscated externally at apex, third segment with a few dark scales externally at apex and towards base ( Fig. 34E ). Antenna light fuscous, basal fourth white beneath, about 1.3–1.4x length of forewing. Thorax grayish brown, white beneath. Forewing brownish fuscous with white streaks margined with a few fuscous scales: a white longitudinal streak from base to about 2/5; two dorsal outwardly oblique ones (ds 2, 3) extending the middle of wing, the ds 2 at 2/5, the ds 3 at 3/5; white narrow costal line on basal 1/3; two outwardly oblique white costal streaks (cs 2, 3), cs 2 at 1/2 and wider at costal side (not always distinct), the cs 3 at 3/4, slender and of even width terminating in a patch of pale blue scales, a similar patch of blue scales at apex of wing (as); remainder of apical portion of wing suffused with ocherous; costal cilia with three white costal spots (a, b, c) before apex, separated by light fuscous scales. Cilia light fuscous with a distinct dark fuscous fascia at base. Hindwing uniform light fuscous, cilia paler. Legs light fuscous, tarsi banded with white. Abdomen grayish fuscous, white beneath.

Male genitalia ( Figs. 47C , 48C , 49C ) (n=3). Capsule 770 µm. Tegumen 0.8–0.9 x length of valva; valva tapering along costal margin from base 2/5 to apex; along the inner side of valva, a series of small spines arranged; apical half slender ( Fig. 47C ). Saccus short and thick ( Fig. 48C ). Phallus 500 µm long, slender and sinuous in lateral view with developed coecum; cornuti in vesica indistinct ( Fig. 49C ).

Female genitalia ( Fig. 58C, D ) (new record) (n=3). 1120 µm long. Ostium bursae large; antrum cup-shaped with a slender pair of lateral lobes; lamella antevaginalis 280 µm, large and weakly sclerotized, trapezoid in ventral view, slightly inflexed on the posterior margin, widening toward anterior margin of A7. Ductus bursae 400 µm; terminus of ductus bursae biforked. Corpus bursae 600 µm, pyriform; paired rows of wrinkles running longitudinally, some sclerotized.

Distribution. Maui ( Swezey 1934).

Host plants. Asteraceae : Dubautia plantaginea Gaudich. ? ( Zimmerman 1978a) and Dubautia laxa Hook. & Arn. ( Johns et al. 2016) .

Biology. ( Fig. 88B–F ). Larvae form a slender linear mine on the adaxial leaf surface ( Fig. 88B–D ), that gradually expands as larvae feed and grow ( Fig. 88E ). One mine per leaf. Pupation occurs in the cocoon outside of the mine, on the adaxial surface of leaf ( Fig. 88F ).

Remarks. We identified one adult moth (Coll ID CJ-077 / GenBank accession no. ID KT982408 ) as P. dubauticola , based on the presence of a white longitudinal streak on forewing, and this specimen was sacrificed for molecular analysis ( Johns et al. 2016).

Figures

FIGURE 14. Adults of Philodoria species that have two costal streaks (cs1 and cs2). A P. dubauticola Swezey, 1940 lectotype female, B P. dubautiella (Swezey, 1913) lectotype male one of two cotypes on the same mount (upper specimen), C Paralecto- type female (lower specimen), D Female, Oahu, E P. sp. nr. P. dubautiella male, Kauai, F P. alakaiensis sp. n. holotype male. Scale bar 1 mm.

FIGURE 27. Forewing pattern variation in Philodoria. Specimens from recent collection efforts that were preserved in ethanol or RNA stabilization reagent, originally for molecular studies. A P. dubauticola, male (CJ402/SK812), B P. dubautiella, male CJ524a/SK686), C P. hibiscella, female (CJ399/SK723), D Same species, male (CJ089/SK724), lateral view, E Same species, dorsal view, F Philodoria sp., male, host: Dubautia plantaginea, Maui (CJ352c/SK770), G Philodoria sp., female (CJ500), host: Dubautia plantaginea, Oahu, H P. naenaeiella (CJ188), abdomen missing, I P. neraudicola, female (CJ336/SK838), host: Pipturus albidus, J Same species, female (CJ369), host: Pipturus sp., K P. obamaorum, female (CJ423/SK844), L Same species, left forewing, M Same species, female (CJ403a/SK735), N P. touchardiella, female (CJ401a/SK764), O Same species, male (CJ401b/SK765), P P. marginestrigata, male (CJ165/SK760), host: Lipochaeta rockii, Q Same species, male (CJ187/SK771), host: Abutilon menziesii, R Same species, male (CJ379c), host: Sida fallax. Scale bar 1 mm.

FIGURE 34. Adult female head of five species of Philodoria, showing their maxillary palpus. A P. succedanea, B, C P. kolea, paratype, D P. basalis, E P. dubauticola, F P. hauicola. lp: labial palpus, pf: pilifer, pr: proboscis. Arrows point to the maxillary palpus. Scale bar 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 47. Left valva of Philodoria, inner view. A P. wilkesiella, Maui, PHIL0007, B P. epibathra, Molokai, SK678, C P. dubauticola, Maui, SK646, D P. dubautiella, paralectotype, Oahu SK726, E P. alakaiensis, paratype, Kauai, SK660, F P. limahuliensis, holotype, Kauai, SK731, G P. hibiscella, Oahu, SK684, H P. naenaeiella, paralectotype, Oahu, SK691, I P. knudseniiella, holotype Kauai, SK862, J P. hesperomanniella, holotype, Maui, SK831.

FIGURE 48. Genital capsule of Philodoria, excluding right portion of male genitalia, ventral view. A P. wilkesiella, Maui, PHIL0007, B P. epibathra, Molokai, SK678, C P. dubauticola, Maui SK646, D P. dubautiella, paralectotype, Oahu, SK733, E P. alakaiensis, paratype, Kauai, SK660, F P. limahuliensis, holotype, Kauai, SK731, G P. hibiscella Oahu SK684, H P. naenaeiella paralectotype, Oahu, SK691, I P. knudseniiella, holotype, Kauai, SK862, J P. hesperomanniella, holotype, Maui, SK831.

FIGURE 49. Phallus of Philodoria, lateral view. A P. wilkesiella, Maui, PHIL0007, B P. epibathra, Molokai, SK678, C P. dubauticola, Maui, SK812, D P. dubautiella, paralectotype, Oahu, SK733 E P. alakaiensis, paratype, Kauai, SK660, F P. limahuliensis, holotype, Kauai, SK731, G P. hibiscella, Oahu, SK684, H P. naenaeiella, paralectotype, Oahu, SK691, I P. knudseniiella, holotype, Kauai, SK862, J P. hesperomanniella, holotype, Maui, SK831.

FIGURE 58. Female genitalia of Philodoria. A P. wilkesiella, SK761, B P. epibathra, SK679, C P. dubauticola, SK645, D Same species, PHIL0008, E P. dubautiella, SK692, F P. alakaiensis, paratype, SK659, G Same species, lateral view, H P. hibiscella, SK723, I P. naenaeiella, SK703, J Same species, SK834, K P. knudseniiella, paratype, SK863, L P. hesperomanniella, paratype, SK832, M Same species, SK620.

FIGURE 75. Resting posture of adult Philodoria. A Philodoria sp. nr. P dubauticola, Maui, CJ315, host: Dubautia platyphylla, B P. hesperomanniella, Maui, CJ367, host: Hesperomannia arborescens, C Same moth species and host plant, West Maui, CJ362, D, E P. platyphylliella, Maui, CJ368, host: Dubautia platyphylla, F, G Same moth species and host plant, male, Maui, CJ358.

FIGURE 88. Asteraceae-mining Philodoria with thier host plants. A: P. wilkesiella, West Maui, host: Argyroxiphium grayanum, B–F: P. dubauticola, Haelaau, Maui, same series as CJ073, 074, 077 079, 080, 082–084, 094,111, 255, 256, host: Dubautia laxa, G, H: P. naenaeiella Poamoho, Oahu, same series as CJ130, 131, 140, 142, host: Dubautia sp. 1, I–L: Unidentified Philodoria species, J, K: East Oahu, host: Dubautia sp. 2, I: Eke, Maui, host: D. laxa, L: Kamakou, Molokai. A Old mines and cocoons, B, L Young mine, C, H, J, K Mine of late instar larva, G, D, E, I Mature mine, F Cocoon by final instar larva.Arrows point to cocoon (A) and mine (I).