Philodoria haelaauensis Kobayashi, Johns & Kawahara

Kobayashi, Shigeki, Johns, Chris A. & Kawahara, Akito Y., 2021, Revision of the Hawaiian endemic leaf-mining moth genus Philodoria Walsingham (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae): its conservation status, host plants and descriptions of thirteen new species, Zootaxa 4944 (1), pp. 1-175 : 54-55

Philodoria haelaauensis Kobayashi, Johns & Kawahara , sp. n.

Figs. 11E, F , 26K, L , 39C , 44E–H , 45C, D , 46C, D , 57F , 63H , 64A–D , 74 , 84 .

Philodoria pipturicola Swezey, 1915 ; Zimmerman 1978a: 709, figs. 471, 476, 479 (Misidentification).

Philodoria sp. 10; Johns et al. 2018: fig. 2.

Type locality. Haelaau (Maui).

Etymology. The specific epithet is derived from the type locality, Haela`au (pronounced ‘Haye-La-ahoo’).

Type material. (6♂, 1♀, 7 sex unknown). Holotype ♂, Haelaau , Maui Is., 18.xii.1928, O.H. Swezey Collector, Pipturus, SK 718, BPBM34265 . Paratype 19 (6♂, 1♀, 12 sex unknown): 1♂, 7 sex unknown, same data and locality as holotype, BPBM34260 , 34261 , | Philodoria pipturicola Det. By O.H. Swezey | BPBM34262 , BPBM34263 , BPBM34264 , | 1 ♂ Same date ex to Tribert, 1993| BPBM34265 , BPBM34266 , BPBM34267 . 1♂, 1♀, 2 sex unknown, Wailuku , 2000ft, Maui, 9.xii.1922, O.H. Swezey, Pipturus , Z-XII-19-62-23♂, Z-XII-19-62- 24♀, BPBM34253 ; 4♂, 5 sex unknown (missing abdomen), Same data and locality, ‘♂ + ♀ genitalia on slide 99, aB Oct 15 1940 ’, SK822♂(middle), SK827♂(top middle), SK828♂(top right), BPBM34254 .

Additional material. 14 (5 ♂, 6 ♀, 3 sex unknown). Molokai: 1♀, Kamiloloa, 19.xii.1925, 3200ft, O.H. Swezey Collector, Pipturus , | Philodoria floscula Det by O.H. Swezey|, SK 705♀, BPBM 34170; 1♂, Kaibalu, 2000– 3000ft, 28.vii.1928, O.H. Swezey Collector, on Pipturus , | Philodoria floscula Det by O.H. Swezey|, SK704♂, BPBM 34171; 1♂, 1♀, 3 sex unknown, Kamiloloa, Mol., 19.xii.1925, 3200ft, O.H. Swezey Collector, Pipturus, BPBM 34172–34176.

Maui: 1♂ 2♀, Makawao Forest Reserve , 11& 15.i.2014 (stored), W. Haines leg., host: Pipturus rockii , 28.xii.2013, CJ209 / PHIL0016 ♀, CJ216 / SK 821♀, CJ227 / PHIL0019♂ ( Fig. 74 ) in BPBM . 2♂, 2♀, Honokohau , 9.viii.2014 (stored), K. Bustamente leg., host: Pipturus albidus, Summer. 2014 ., CJ348b / SK789♂, CJ348c / SK790♂, CJ348d / SK 791♀, CJ348e / SK 792♀ in BPBM .

Diagnosis. The forewing pattern is similar to P. pipturicola Swezey but distinguished by an oblique white patch in the middle of the forewing, that reaches the dorsal margin ( Fig. 11E, F ); male valva same width at apical half; female with spiny pyriform signa and lacking sclerotized structure at the joint of the ductus bursae and corpus bursae. The new species and P. alakaiensis both have two pairs of coremata in the male 8th segment ( Fig. 39C, D ). Swezey (1923) misidentified specimens of P. haelaauensis from Wailuku, Maui as P. pipturicola and Zimmerman (1978a: figs. 471, 476, 479) described in error that the genitalia of P. haelaauensis as those of P. pipturicola .

Description: Adult ( Figs. 11E, F , 26K, L ). Wingspan 7.1 mm in holotype, 6.3–7.2 mm in paratypes; forewing length 3.3, 3.4 mm in holotype, 2.8–3.4 mm in paratypes. Head slate grey fuscous; frons white; maxillary palpus reduced; labial palpus white, median joint slightly fuscous externally. Antenna dark fuscous. Thorax slate grey fuscous. Forewing fuscous suffused with orange patches at apical portion: an obscure cl from near base to about 2/3, apical potion bends inward; two white bands (w 1, 2) on both extremities of pale blue color band (bb 3) at 3/4, widest in the the middle; a large oblique ws near middle of wing, reaching dorsal margin; a large pale-bluish patch (as) at apex; cilia fuscous with two white spots (a, b) in costal cilia; Hindwing and cilia dark fuscous. Abdomen dark fuscous, white beneath. Legs fuscous, white beneath.

Male genitalia ( Figs. 44E–H , 45C, D , 46C, D , 64A, B ) (n=5). Capsule about 750–800 µm. Tegumen 0.8–0.9 x length of valva; valva 530, 550 µm long, similar to pipturicola except apical half of valva not tapering at apex, almost same width in lateral view ( Fig. 44E–H ). Saccus triangular ( Fig. 45C ). Phallus 310 µm, straight in lateral view with two series of minute cornuti in vesica ( Fig. 46C, D ).

Female genitalia ( Figs. 57F , 63H ) (n=3). 1250–1300 µm long. Ostium bursae large; antrum wide with a slender pair of lateral lobes; lamella antevaginalis 220–230 µm, weakly sclerotized, widening toward anterior margin of A7. Ductus bursae 600–650 µm, posterior extremity widening and membranous, and median section narrowing weakly sclerotized and flattened; terminus of ductus bursae membranous. Corpus bursae pyriform, 540–550 µm; signum a conical plate with minutely spined surface.

Distribution. Maui ( Swezey 1923 a) and Molokai: new record.

Host plants. Urticaceae : Pipturus sp. ( Swezey 1923 a), P. albidus A.Gray ex H.Mann and P. rockii Skottsb. : new record.

Biology. ( Fig. 84 ). Larvae form a tortuous linear to blotch mine ( Fig. 84A–D ) that expands as they feed and grow ( Fig. 84E, G ); the frass line is black. 1–5 mines per leaf. Pupation occurs in the cocoon outside of the mine, on the abaxial leaf surface; cocoon orangish brown ( Fig. 84F ).

Figures

FIGURE 11. Adults of Pipturus feeding Philodoria species. A P. pipturicola Swezey, 1915 paralectotype male, one of four cotypes (upper left specimen) on the same mount, B Lectotype male (upper right specimen on mount), C Paralectotype female (lower left specimen on mount), D Paralectotype female (lower right specimen on mount), E P. haelaauensis sp. n. male, F Paratype female. Scale bar 1 mm.

FIGURE 26. Forewing pattern variation in Philodoria. Specimens from recent collection efforts that were preserved in ethanol or RNA stabilization reagent, originally for molecular studies. Wings were placed without mountant under a coverslip. A P. succedanea (sex unknown, CJ419), B P. auromagnifica, male (CJ148/SK689), C P. basalis, female (CJ410), D P. splendida, female (CJ488a), host: Syzygium sp., E P. splendida (sex unknown, CJ488b), host: Syzygium sp., F P. molokaiensis, male (CJ509b/ SK667), G P. sp. A nr. P. lysimachiella, female (CJ346a/SK753), H P. lysimachiella, female (CJ530), lateral view, I P. pipturiella, female (CJ529), J Same species, male (CJ529), K P. haelaauensis, female (CJ209), L Same species, female (CJ216), M P. floscula, female (CJ426/SK845), N P. wilkesiella, male (CJ009/SK649), O P. epibathra, male (CJ506a/SK678), P Same species, female (CJ506b/SK681). Arrows point to diagnostic characters of species: black patch at base (A), basal fascia (D), transverse fasciae (tf) (F, G), white spot (ws) (I, J), white patch (K–M). Scale bar 1 mm.

FIGURE 39. Philodoria male posterior end of abdomen. A P. succedanea, male, Hawaii (Big Island [SKH-13/SK633]), host: Myrsine lessertiana, B P. sp. 7 of Johns et al. (2018), male, Kauai (CJ451a/SK754), host: Lysimachia kalalauensis, C P. haelaauensis, male, Maui (34254/SK828), host Pipturus sp., D P. alakaiensis, holotype male, Kauai (CJ473/ SK836), host Dubautia sp. co: coecum, cm: coremata, cr: cornuti, df: dorsal flap, gn: gnathos, pb: phallobase, ph: phallus, sa: saccus, si: signum, ss: subscaphium, ta: tuba analis, te: tegumen, va: valva, vi: vinculum.

FIGURE 44. Valva of Philodoria, inner view. A, C, E, G, I: Left valva, B, D, F, H, J: Right valva. A, B P. pipturiella, paralectotype, Oahu, SK719, C, D P. pipturicola, paralectotype, Oahu, SK715, E, F P. Haelaauensis, holotype, Maui, SK718, G, H P. haelaauensis, Molokai, SK704 I P. floscula, Hawaii (Big Island), SK818, J P. floscula, Hawaii (Big Island), PHIL0001.

FIGURE 45. Genital capsule of Philodoria, excluding right portion of male genitalia, ventral view. A P. pipturiella, paralectotype, Oahu, SK719, B P. pipturicola, paralectotype, Oahu, SK715 C P. haelaauensis, holotype, Maui, SK718, D P. haelaauensis, Molokai, SK704, E P. floscula, Hawaii (Big Island), SK818, F Saccus, P. floscula, Hawaii (Big Island), PHIL0002.

FIGURE 46. Phallus of Philodoria, lateral view. A P. pipturiella, paralectotype, Oahu, SK719, B P. pipturicola, paralectotype, Oahu, SK715, C P. haelaauensis, holotype, Maui, SK718, D P. haelaauensis, Molokai, SK704, E P. floscula, Hawaii (Big Island), SK818.

FIGURE 57. Female genitalia of Pipturus-mining Philodoria. A P. costalis, paralectotype, SK653 B Same species, paratype, SK652 C P. pipturiella, SK722 D P. pipturicola, paralectotype, lateral view, SK717 E Same species, paralectotype, SK716 F P. haelaauensis, SK792 G P. floscula, SK819.

FIGURE 63. BPBM paratype, genitalia slides prepared by E. C. Zimmerman. A, B: P. hesperomanniella paratype female, Oahu, Z-V-17-61 C, D: P. obamaorum paratype female, Hawaii (Big Island), Z-V-18-61, E–G: P. obamaorum paratype male, Hawaii (Big Island), Z-1-26-61(3), H: P. haelaauensis, paratype female, Maui, Z-XII-19-62-24. A, C, H Female genitalia, ventral view, B, D, G Abdominal segments, E Male genitalia excluding phallus, ventral view, F Phallus, lateral view.

FIGURE 64. BPBM genitalia slides prepared by E. C. Zimmerman. A–D: P. haelaauensis, paratype male, Maui, Z-XII-19-62- 23, E, F: P. pipturiella paratype female, Oahu, Z-XII-1962-22, G–I: P. splendida, male, Oahu, Z-XII-19-62-20. A Vinculum and valvae, tegumen broken, B, H Phallus, C Tegumen? D, I Abdominal segments, E Genitalia opened from left lateral side, F Abdominal segments II–VI, G Genitalia excluding phallus, ventral view.

FIGURE 74. Resting posture of adult P. haelaauensis, male, Makawao Forest Reserve, Maui, CJ227/PHIL0019, host: Pipturus rockii. A lateral view, B dorsolateral view.

FIGURE 84. Mines of P. haelaauensis on leaves of its host plant, Pipturus rockii, Makawao Forest Reserve, East Maui, same series as CJ209, 216. A, D, F: Abaxial side of leaf, B, C, E, G: Adaxial side of leaf.