Philodoria pipturicola Swezey, 1915

Kobayashi, Shigeki, Johns, Chris A. & Kawahara, Akito Y., 2021, Revision of the Hawaiian endemic leaf-mining moth genus Philodoria Walsingham (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae): its conservation status, host plants and descriptions of thirteen new species, Zootaxa 4944 (1), pp. 1-175 : 49-54

Philodoria pipturicola Swezey, 1915

Figs. 11A–D , 44C, D , 45B , 46B , 57D, E .

Philodoria pipturicola Swezey, 1915: 96–97 ; Zimmerman 1978a: 709, figs. 464.

Type locality. Punaluu (Oahu).

Type material. Lectotype ♂, Punaluu, Oahu, 13.ix.1914, O.H. Swezey, ex Pipturus , |215 TYPE OF Philodoria pipturicola Swezey | right top species on a mount with three others is the lectotype, Type no. 215 in BPBM designated by Zimmerman (1978a). Paralectotype 9 (4♂, 4♀, 1 sex unknown): 1♂, 2♀, same mount of lectotype in BPBM; 1♂, 1♀, same data as locality as lectotype, | Philodoria pipturicola Paratypes Swezey| SK715♂ (right specimen), SK 716♀ (left specimen), BPBM 34257; 2♂, 1♀, 1 (sex unknown), same data and locality as lectotype, | Philodoria pipturicola Swezey |, SK 717♀ (top right one), SK829♂ (top left specimen), SK830♂ (bottom left specimen) in USNM. This species was described from ten specimens: four specimens on type mount no. 215 and six ‘paratypes’ reared from mines in the leaves of Pipturus . Given the manner in which the descriptions were written, Swezey likely considered these specimens as the holotype and paratypes, as indicated on their specimen labels. Zimmerman (1978a, fig. 464) designated a lectotype selected from the series of four syntypes on the type mount in the BPBM.

Diagnosis. The forewing pattern is similar to P. pipturiella Swezey , but distinguished by an oblique white patch at near middle and two small white bands in the forewing ( Fig. 11A–D ).

Redescription: Adult ( Fig. 11A–D ). Wingspan 6–7 mm in type series; forewing length 3 mm in lectotype. Head grayish fuscous; frons white; maxillary palpus reduced; labial palpus white, median joint slightly fuscous externally. Antenna dark fuscous. Thorax slate grey fuscous. Forewing fuscous suffused with orange patches at apical portion, with white spots: a cl from near base to about 2/3, apical potion bends inward; two white bands (w 1, 2) on both extremities of pale blue color band (bb 3) at 3/4, widest in the the middle; an oblique ws near middle of the wing, narrowly toward dorsum and not reaching dorsal margin; cilia fuscous with two white spots in costal cilia, a at the end of w 1, b smaller and a little nearer the apex; a large pale-bluish patch (as) in terminal cilia; Hindwing and cilia dark fuscous. Abdomen dark fuscous, white beneath. Legs fuscous, white beneath.

Male genitalia ( Figs. 44C, D , 45B , 46B ) (n=3). Capsule 700 µm. Tegumen 0.8–0.9 x length of valva; valva 510–530 µm long, slender and tapering toward the apex; dorsal margin of valva slightly angled with short spines; a series of small spines arranged along the inner margin of valva ( Fig. 44C, D ). Phallus 500 µm long, straight in lateral view with two series of minute cornuti in vesica ( Fig. 46B ).

Female genitalia ( Fig. 57D, E ) (n=2). 1050 µm long. Ostium bursae large; antrum cup-shaped with a slender pair of lateral lobes; lamella antevaginalis 160 µm, weakly sclerotized, widening toward anterior margin of A7. Ductus bursae 270–300 µm; terminus of ductus bursae biforked; corpus bursae oblong, 640 µm; paired rows of wrinkles running longitudinally, some sclerotized, indistinct at middle.

Distribution. Oahu ( Swezey 1915).

Host plants. Urticaceae : Pipturus sp. ( Swezey 1915).

Biology. Swezey (1915: 97) reported the mine form as “at first serpentine, later a blotch. The larva emerges to spin a light brownish cocoon on some convenient surface.” Immature stages reported by Swezey (1915: 96): “ Mature larva. 7 mm. Pale yellowish in colouration; head with a dark brown or blackish spot in each lobe; deeply bilobed and mostly retracted into segment 2, which is wider than the rest, other segments gradually tapering backwards; distinct constrictions between segments; cervical shield somewhat roughened, two pale brownish longitudinal streaks; thoracic legs feeble; abdominal prolegs on segments 7-9. Pupa. 3 mm. very pale brownish, abdomen yellowish in colouration; wing-sheaths pointed, extending to 5th abdominal segment; posterior leg-sheaths extend to apex of abdomen; antenna-sheaths extend beyond apex of abdomen and curve over dorsally and forward about two segments.”

Parasitoids. Eulophidae : Euderus metallicus (Ashmead, 1901) , Pnigalio externa (Timberlake, 1927) ( Zimmerman1978a) .

Remarks. Maui records were misidentified, see description of P. haelaauensis . Johns et al. (2016) recorded this species from Palikea, Oahu (Coll ID CJ-101 / GenBank accession no. ID KT982409 ). CJ101 was sacrificed entirely for molecular analysis and CJ093 which is in the same series as CJ101, only has its genitalia and abdomen remaining. Female genitalia of CJ093 / PHIL0020 lacks signa on its corpus bursae and is similar to that of P. costalis , P. pipturiella , P. pipturicola . Because we do not have sufficient data, we here do not assign a formal new name to this species.

Figures

FIGURE 11. Adults of Pipturus feeding Philodoria species. A P. pipturicola Swezey, 1915 paralectotype male, one of four cotypes (upper left specimen) on the same mount, B Lectotype male (upper right specimen on mount), C Paralectotype female (lower left specimen on mount), D Paralectotype female (lower right specimen on mount), E P. haelaauensis sp. n. male, F Paratype female. Scale bar 1 mm.

FIGURE 44. Valva of Philodoria, inner view. A, C, E, G, I: Left valva, B, D, F, H, J: Right valva. A, B P. pipturiella, paralectotype, Oahu, SK719, C, D P. pipturicola, paralectotype, Oahu, SK715, E, F P. Haelaauensis, holotype, Maui, SK718, G, H P. haelaauensis, Molokai, SK704 I P. floscula, Hawaii (Big Island), SK818, J P. floscula, Hawaii (Big Island), PHIL0001.

FIGURE 45. Genital capsule of Philodoria, excluding right portion of male genitalia, ventral view. A P. pipturiella, paralectotype, Oahu, SK719, B P. pipturicola, paralectotype, Oahu, SK715 C P. haelaauensis, holotype, Maui, SK718, D P. haelaauensis, Molokai, SK704, E P. floscula, Hawaii (Big Island), SK818, F Saccus, P. floscula, Hawaii (Big Island), PHIL0002.

FIGURE 46. Phallus of Philodoria, lateral view. A P. pipturiella, paralectotype, Oahu, SK719, B P. pipturicola, paralectotype, Oahu, SK715, C P. haelaauensis, holotype, Maui, SK718, D P. haelaauensis, Molokai, SK704, E P. floscula, Hawaii (Big Island), SK818.

FIGURE 57. Female genitalia of Pipturus-mining Philodoria. A P. costalis, paralectotype, SK653 B Same species, paratype, SK652 C P. pipturiella, SK722 D P. pipturicola, paralectotype, lateral view, SK717 E Same species, paralectotype, SK716 F P. haelaauensis, SK792 G P. floscula, SK819.