Philodoria succedanea Walsingham, 1907

Kobayashi, Shigeki, Johns, Chris A. & Kawahara, Akito Y., 2021, Revision of the Hawaiian endemic leaf-mining moth genus Philodoria Walsingham (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae): its conservation status, host plants and descriptions of thirteen new species, Zootaxa 4944 (1), pp. 1-175 : 22

Philodoria succedanea Walsingham, 1907

Figs. 7A, B , 26A , 34A , 39A , 41A , 42A , 43A , 56A, B , 79A–D, F, G .

Philodoria succedanea Walsingham, 1907: 717–718 ; pl. 25, fig. 19; Zimmerman 1978a: 718: figs. 433, 435, 467, 472; Kobayashi et al. 2018: 118–126 , figs. 2A–D, 5A–D, 6A–D, 7E, F, 8A, 9, 14A.

Type locality. Olinda , Haleakala (Maui) .

Type material. Lectotype ♀, Olinda, 4000 ft., Haleakala, MAUI, Hawaiian Is. iv.1894, Perkins. 26695 [Walsingham specimen number]| PHILODORIA SUCCEDANEA Wlsm. Fn. Hawaii. I TYPE ♀ descr. figd.| Walsingham Collection. 1910-427.| NHMUK010305341 . Paralectotypes 17 (2♂ 1♀ 14 sex unknown; NHMUK ones are all from above Walsingham accession and ‘PARATYPE’ below is short for ‘ PHILODORIA SUCCEDANEA Wlsm. PARATYPE’ as printed on large black-margined labels, with the 5-digit Walsingham specimen numbers whose first digit is ‘2’ borne on the locality label): 1 ♂, Haleakula 4000 ft. MAUI, Hawaiian Is. V. 1896 | Perkins. 28505|PHILODORIA SUCCEDANEA Wlsm. Fn. Hawaii. I TYPE ♂|BM ♂ Genitalia slide no. 2755| NHMUK010305341 . 1♀ 2 sex unknown: Haleakala, 5000ft, MAUI, Hawaiian Is., v.1896, Perkins. 28355| PARATYPE 3/17| NHMUK010862804 |; 28230| PARATYPE 4/ 17♀ | BPBM 34324 ; 28236| PARATYPE 5/17| BPBM 34321 . 4 sex unknown: Haleakula - 4000 ft. Maui, v. 1896, Perkins. 28492| PARATYPE 8/17; 28493| PARATYPE 9/17| BPBM 34320 |; 28494| PARATYPE 10/ 17| NHMUK010862806 ; 28495| PARATYPE 11/17| NHMUK010862807 . 1 ♂ 7 sex unknown, same data and locality as lectotype: 26696| NHMUK010862803 ; 26661| PARATYPE 1/17| BPBM34325 ; 26667| PARATYPE 2/ 17| BPBM 34222 ; 28511| PARATYPE 12/17| NHMUK010862808 ; 28512| PARATYPE 13/17|NHM UK 010862809; 28513| PARATYPE 14/17| NHMUK010862810 ;28514| PARATYPE 15/17♂| NHMUK010862811 ; 28552| PARATYPE 16/17| BPBM 34323 .

Diagnosis. Philodoria succedanea is very similar to P. auromagnifica . Both species feed on Myrsine , but the former is distinguished by the bright orange patches and black triangular shaped bp in the forewing ( Fig. 7A, B ); the male genitalia which has broad valva, slender and long saccus curving toward dorsal margin ( Figs. 41A , 42A ); the female genitalia which has signa with slender and long spines ( Fig. 56A, B ) ( Kobayashi et al. 2018).

Adult ( Fig. 7A, B , 26A , 34A ). Wingspan 9–10 mm in type series. Male genitalia ( Figs. 39A , 41A , 42A , 43A ) and Female genitalia ( Fig. 56A, B ). See also Kobayashi et al. (2018).

Distribution. Kauai, Oahu, and Lanai: ( Kobayashi et al. 2018), Maui ( Walsingham 1907) and Molokai and Hawaii (Big Island) ( Zimmerman 1978a).

Host plants. Primulaceae : Myrsine lessertiana A. DC. and M. sandwicensis A. DC. ( Johns et al. 2016) , M. linearifolia Hosaka and M. knudsenii (Rock) Hosaka ( Kobayashi et al. 2018) , Myrsine sp. ( Zimmerman 1978a).

Biology. ( Fig. 79A–D, F, G ) Kobayashi et al. (2018: 123, 126, Figs. 8A , 9 , 14A ) reported leaf mine, pupal cocoon and resting posture of the adult.

Figures

FIGURE 7. Adults of Philodoria species. A P. succedanea Walsingham, 1907 lectotype female, B Paralectotype male, C P. kauaulaensis Kobayashi, Johns & Kawahara, 2018 holotype female, D Philodoria sp. nr. P. auromagnifica male Kauai, E P. auromagnifica Walsingham, 1907 holotype male, F P. kolea Kobayashi, Johns & Kawahara, 2018 holotype male. Scale bar 1 mm.

FIGURE 8. Adults of Philodoria species. A P. lysimachiella Swezey, 1928 lectotype male, B P. molokaiensis Swezey, 1928 lectotype male, C P. basalis Walsingham, 1907 lectotype male, D Paralectotype male, E Female, Hawaii (Big Island), F Male, Hawaii (Big Island). Scale bar 1 mm.

FIGURE 9. Adults of Philodoria species. A P. splendida Walsingham, 1907 lectotype male, B Female, Oahu, C P. lama sp. n. holotype male, D P. napaliensis sp. n. holotype (sex unknown). Scale bar 1 mm.

FIGURE 14. Adults of Philodoria species that have two costal streaks (cs1 and cs2). A P. dubauticola Swezey, 1940 lectotype female, B P. dubautiella (Swezey, 1913) lectotype male one of two cotypes on the same mount (upper specimen), C Paralecto- type female (lower specimen), D Female, Oahu, E P. sp. nr. P. dubautiella male, Kauai, F P. alakaiensis sp. n. holotype male. Scale bar 1 mm.

FIGURE 26. Forewing pattern variation in Philodoria. Specimens from recent collection efforts that were preserved in ethanol or RNA stabilization reagent, originally for molecular studies. Wings were placed without mountant under a coverslip. A P. succedanea (sex unknown, CJ419), B P. auromagnifica, male (CJ148/SK689), C P. basalis, female (CJ410), D P. splendida, female (CJ488a), host: Syzygium sp., E P. splendida (sex unknown, CJ488b), host: Syzygium sp., F P. molokaiensis, male (CJ509b/ SK667), G P. sp. A nr. P. lysimachiella, female (CJ346a/SK753), H P. lysimachiella, female (CJ530), lateral view, I P. pipturiella, female (CJ529), J Same species, male (CJ529), K P. haelaauensis, female (CJ209), L Same species, female (CJ216), M P. floscula, female (CJ426/SK845), N P. wilkesiella, male (CJ009/SK649), O P. epibathra, male (CJ506a/SK678), P Same species, female (CJ506b/SK681). Arrows point to diagnostic characters of species: black patch at base (A), basal fascia (D), transverse fasciae (tf) (F, G), white spot (ws) (I, J), white patch (K–M). Scale bar 1 mm.

FIGURE 34. Adult female head of five species of Philodoria, showing their maxillary palpus. A P. succedanea, B, C P. kolea, paratype, D P. basalis, E P. dubauticola, F P. hauicola. lp: labial palpus, pf: pilifer, pr: proboscis. Arrows point to the maxillary palpus. Scale bar 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 39. Philodoria male posterior end of abdomen. A P. succedanea, male, Hawaii (Big Island [SKH-13/SK633]), host: Myrsine lessertiana, B P. sp. 7 of Johns et al. (2018), male, Kauai (CJ451a/SK754), host: Lysimachia kalalauensis, C P. haelaauensis, male, Maui (34254/SK828), host Pipturus sp., D P. alakaiensis, holotype male, Kauai (CJ473/ SK836), host Dubautia sp. co: coecum, cm: coremata, cr: cornuti, df: dorsal flap, gn: gnathos, pb: phallobase, ph: phallus, sa: saccus, si: signum, ss: subscaphium, ta: tuba analis, te: tegumen, va: valva, vi: vinculum.

FIGURE 41. Male valva of Philodoria, inner view. A–F, H–J, L, M: Left valva, G, K, N: Right valva. A P. succedanea, Maui, SK641, B P. auromagnifica, Hawaii (Big Island), SK800, C P. auromagnifica, Kauai, SK689, D P. kolea, holotype, Hawaii (Big Island), SK851, E P. lysimachiella, Oahu, SK656, F, G P. sp. 7, Kauai, SK754, H P. molokaiensis, Molokai, SK666, I P. basalis, Hawaii (Big Island), SK614, J P. splendida, Maui, SK696, K Same species, Oahu, SK747, host Syzygium sp., L P. lama, holotype, Maui SK744, M P. napaliensis, paratype, Kauai, SK767, N Same as L, paratype, Kauai, SK745.

FIGURE 42. Genital capsule of Philodoria, excluding right portion of male genitalia, ventral view. A P. succedanea, Maui, SK641, B P. auromagnifica, Hawaii (Big Island), SK800, C P. auromagnifica, Kauai, SK689, D P. kolea, holotype, Hawaii (Big Island), SK851, E P. lysimachiella, Oahu, SK656, F P. sp. 7, Kauai, SK754, G P. molokaiensis, Molokai, SK666, H P. basalis, Hawaii (Big Island), SK614, I P. splendida, Maui, SK696, J Same species, Oahu, SK747, host Syzygium sp., K P. lama, holotype, Maui, SK744, L P. napaliensis, paratype, Kauai, SK745. Abbreviation: ta: tuba analis.

FIGURE 43. Phallus of Philodoria, lateral view. A P. succedanea, Maui, SK641, B P. auromagnifica, Hawaii (Big Island), SK800, C P. auromagnifica, Kauai, SK689, D P. kolea, holotype, Hawaii (Big Island), SK851, E P. lysimachiella, Oahu, SK656, F P. sp. 7, Kauai, SK755, G P. molokaiensis, Molokai, SK666, H P. basalis, Hawaii (Big Island), SK614, I P. splendida, Maui, SK696, J Same species, Oahu, SK747, host Syzygium sp., K P. lama, holotype, Maui, SK744, L P. napaliensis, paratype, Kauai, SK767.

FIGURE 56. Female genitalia of Philodoria. A P. succedanea, paralectotype, Maui, SK714, B Same species, Hawaii (Big Island), SK624, C P. auromagnifica, Hawaii (Big Island), SK623, D P. kauaulaensis, holotype, SK690, E Same species, lateral view, F P. kolea, paratype, Hawaii (Big Island), SK634, G P. lysimachiella, SK654, H P. sp. A, SK753, I P. molokaiensis, SK668, lateral view, J Same ventral view, K P. splendida, SK621, L P. lama, paratype, SK813.

FIGURE 79. Philodoria species on the host plant, Myrsine. A–D, F, G: P. succedanea, E: P. kauaulaensis, H: P. auromagnifica. A–C, F–K host: Myrsine lessertiana, D M. Linearifolia, E M. lanaiensis. A–C: Molokai, D: Kauai, E: Maui, A–E Leaf mine and later larva F–K: Hawaii (Big Island). F, I, J Host plants and leaf mines, G Fallen leaf and leaf mine with larva, H Developing mine, K Near complete mine of late instar larva.