Amrasca Ghauri, 1967

Xu, Ye, Wang, Yuru, Dietrich, Christopher H., Fletcher, Murray J. & Qin, Daozheng, 2017, Review of Chinese species of the leafhopper genus Amrasca Ghauri (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Typhlocybinae), with description of a new species, species checklist and notes on the identity of the Indian cotton leafhopper, Zootaxa 4353 (2) : -

Amrasca Ghauri, 1967

Amrasca Ghauri, 1967: 159 . Type species: Amrasca splendens Ghauri, 1967 by original designation. Sundapteryx Dworakowska, 1970: 708 . Type species: Chlorita biguttula Ishida, 1913 by original designation. Synonymized by Dworakowska & Viraktamath, 1975: 530.

Laokayana Dworakowska, 1972: 27 . Type species: Empoasca bombaxia Ghauri, 1965 by original designation. Synonymized by Dworakowska & Viraktamath, 1975: 530.

Description. Body delicate. Head including eyes slightly wider than pronotum in dorsal view ( Figs 1, 3 , 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16 , 18, 19 , 37, 39 ). Crown produced medially, anterior and posterior margins not parallel, coronal suture not reaching anterior margin ( Figs 1, 3 , 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16 , 18, 19 , 37, 39 ). Profile of transition of vertex to face somewhat rounded ( Figs 2 , 7, 11, 15 , 21 , 38 ). Ocelli distinct, located on margin between vertex and frons near eyes ( Figs 3, 4 , 8, 9, 12, 13, 16, 17 , 19, 20 , 39, 40 ). Lateral frontal sutures extended to ocelli but not continuing to midline ( Figs 4 , 9, 13, 17 , 20 , 40 ). Face broad, anteclypeus weakly convex, not swollen ( Figs 4 , 9, 13, 17 , 20 , 40 ). Pronotum moderate to large ( Figs 3 , 8, 12, 16 , 19 , 39 ). Forewing narrow, rounded apically, apical cells occupying nearly one-third of total length; vein RP arising from r cell , MP’ and MP’’+CuA’ dissociated at their bases, both arising from m cell; c and r cells nearly equal in width, both narrower than m and cua cells; 2nd apical cell narrowed at base, broadened apically ( Fig. 22 ). Hind wing with CuA unbranched ( Fig. 23 ). Front femur row AV with 1 basal seta distinctly enlarged. Front femur AM1 distinctly enlarged. Middle femur with 1 dorsoapical macroseta. Hind tibia row AV with 4 or 5 preapical macrosetae.

Male basal abdominal apodemes developed, parallel-sided or widely divergent ( Figs 5 , 24 ). Male pygofer with small rigid microsetae scattered over distal portion or restricted to apex of lobe ( Figs 25–29 ); dorsal bridge short ( Figs 25 , 29 ). Ventral appendage present ( Figs 26–28, 30 ). Subgenital plate extended well beyond pygofer side, A and B group setae present or unrecognizable, C group setae sharply pointed near base, reaching or not reaching to apex of the plate, D group setae long and fine ( Figs 26 , 27, 34 ). Paramere broad at base, sharply pointed apically, apophysis bearing prominent dentifer and a few slender setae in apical half ( Fig. 35 ). Connective broad anteriorly, strongly narrowed near midlength and tapered to posterior apex, anterior margin straight or weakly concave, without median lobe or with distinct median lobe ( Fig. 33 ). Aedeagal shaft tubular, process absent, preatrium developed, dorsoatrium absent ( Figs 31, 32 ). Anal tube appendage well developed ( Figs 27, 36 ).

Remarks. Among genera in the Empoasca -complex Eastern Hemisphere, Amrasca is most similar to Jacobiasca Dworakowska and Jacobiella Dworakowska in having vein RP arising from r cell , MP’ and MP’’+CuA’ arising from cell m and hind wing vein CuA unbranched, in having the connective not fused with base of aedeagus and in having a well developed ventral pygofer appendage. Amrasca differs from Jacobiasca in having the paramere not strongly curved apically and in lacking a pair of enlarged setae on the pregenital male abdominal sternite, and from Jacobiella in having the subgenital plate not broadened dorsomedially and the anal tube not elongated. Amrasca also differs from both genera in having the male basal abdominal apodemes well developed. Based on its current species composition, Amrasca is somewhat heterogeneous in the form and chaetotaxy of the subgenital plate. Two subgenera have previously been recognized largely based on differences in chaetotaxy: the nominotypical subgenus and A. ( Quartasca ) Dworakowska, which differs from Amrasca (Amrasca) in having the long fine setae of the subgenital plate restricted to the basal half.

Here we recognize a third valid subgenus, A. ( Sundapteryx ) Dworakowska. The latter was originally described as a separate genus by Dworakowska (1970) based on type species Chlorita biguttula Ishida but was subsequently treated as a junior synonym of Amrasca by Dworakowska & Viraktamath (1975). This subgenus is characterized by the presence of macrosetae only in the basal half of the subgenital plate and by the presence of apodemes and other modifications to the male pregenital tergites ( Fig. 5 ). Species of the other two currently recognized subgenera have macrosetae extended from the base to or near the apex of the subgenital plate and lack apodemes and other modifications to pregenital abdominal tergites VI-VIII. It may be desirable to subdivide Amrasca further once the genus becomes better known.

Distribution. Oriental and Australian Regions.

Figures

FIGURES 1–5. Amrasca (Sundapteryx) biguttula (Ishida). 1. adult, dorsal view; 2. adult, left lateral view; 3. head and thorax, dorsal view; 4. face; 5. male abdomen and male genitalia, dorsal view. Scale bars = 0.5 mm (Figs 1, 2), 0.2 mm (Figs 3, 4).

FIGURES6–17: 6–9.Amrasca (Amrasca) splendens Ghauri;10–13.Amrasca (Amrasca)bombaxia (Ghauri);14–17.Amrasca (Amrasca) uvka Dworakowska.6,10, 14. adult,dorsal view; 7, 11, 15.adult, left lateral view; 8, 12, 16. headand thorax, dorsal view; 9, 13,17. face.Scale bars = 0.5 mm (Figs 6, 7, 10, 11, 14, 15),0.2 mm (Figs 8, 9, 12, 13, 16, 17).

FIGURES18–26. Amrasca(Amrasca) complana Qin, Wang & Xu,sp. nov. 18.male adult (abdomen removed), dorsalview; 19. head and thorax, dorsal view; 20. face; 21. head and thorax, left lateral view; 22. forewing; 23. hind wing; 24. abdominal apodemes; 25. male genitalia, dorsal view; 26. male genitalia, left lateral view.Scale bars = 0.5 mm (Figs 18, 22, 23), 0.2 mm (Figs 19–21, 24); 0.1 mm (Figs 25, 26).

FIGURES 37–40. Amrasca (Quartasca) czerwcowa (Dworakowska). 37. male adult (abdomen removed), dorsal view; 38. male adult (abdomen removed), left lateral view; 39.head and thorax, dorsal view; 40.face.Scale bars = 0.5 mm (Figs 37, 38), 0.2 mm (Figs 39, 40).

FIGURES 27–36. Amrasca (Amrasca) complana Qin, Wang & Xu, sp. nov. 27. male genitalia, left lateral view; 28. pygofer side and ventral pygofer appendage, left lateral view; 29. pygofer side, dorsal view; 30. ventral pygofer appendage; 31. aedeagus, left lateral view; 32. aedeagus, ventral view; 33. connective; 34. subgenital plate; 35. paramere; 36. anal tube, left lateral view. Scale bars = 0.1mm (Figs 27–36).