Farfantepenaeus isabelae Tavares & Gusmão, 2016

França, Nielson F. C., Alencar, Carlos E. R. D., Mantelatto, Fernando L. & Freire, Fúlvio A. M., 2020, Filling biogeographic gaps about the shrimp Farfantepenaeus isabelae Tavares & Gusmão, 2016 (Decapoda: Penaeidae) in South America, Zootaxa 4718 (4), pp. 497-508 : 501-503

Farfantepenaeus isabelae Tavares & Gusmão, 2016

Examined material. Calçoene, Amapá ( CCDB 6403: ♀ 9.7 mm CL, ♀ 9.8 mm CL, ♀ 7.8 mm CL, ♀ 12.9 mm CL,

♀ 11.5 mm CL, ♀ 11.1 mm CL, ♀ 10.2 mm CL, ♀ 8.1 mm CL, ♀ 9.1 mm CL, ♂ 11.7 mm CL, ♂ 8.5 mm CL, ♂ 11.5 mm CL, ♂ 9.7 mm CL, ♂ 9.1 mm CL, ♂ 8.7 mm CC); Belém, Pará (GEEFAA/UFRN-1225: ♀ 39.92 mm CL, ♀ 38.43 mm CL, ♀ 33.94 mm CL); Fortaleza, Ceará (GEEFAA/UFRN-1003: ♂ 27.99 mm CL, ♂ 29.78 mm CL, ♀ 39.48 mm CL, ♂ 26.39 mm CL), (GEEFAA/UFRN-1004: ♀ 33.59 mm CL, ♀ 35.25 mm CL), (GEEFAA/UFRN- 1006: ♀ 34.49 mm CL, ♀ 35.68 mm CL, ♀ 37.25 mm CL, ♀ 35.26 mm CL); Porto do Mangue , Rio Grande do Norte (GEEFAA/UFRN-1002: ♂ 13.2 mm CL, ♂ 27.6 mm CL, ♀ 23.8 mm CL, ♀ 23.1 mm CL, ♀ 14.8 mm CL, ♀ 17.9 mm CL, ♀ 16.5 mm CL, ♀ 25.8 mm CL, ♀ 25.1 mm CL, ♀ 11.9 mm CL, ♀ 26.1 mm CL, ♀ 27.6 mm CL, ♀ 22.7 mm CL, ♀ 22.5 mm CL, ♀ 26.5 mm CL, ♀ 22.3 mm CC and ♀ 11.6 mm CL).

Comparative material. Ten adult individuals: Fortaleza, Ceará (LGP 932) and Atins, Maranhão (LGP 939, LGP 942, LGP 943, LGP 944, LGP 948, LGP 949, LGP 970, LGP 978, LGP 979). 1997-1999, C. Tavares & J. Gusmão det.

Geographic distribution. Based on the analyzed material, we propose the extension of the western and eastern boundary of the geographic distribution of Farfantepenaeus isabelae . Its known distribution should be from Caribbean Sea, San Bernardo del Viento, Córdoba, Colombia (data obtained through the GBIF), to Porto do Mangue, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil (data obtained through collection). It also includes the filling the gaps in the northern coast of Brazil, with new occurrences on the coast of Calçoene, Amapá and Belém, Pará ( Figure 2 ). A list of occurrence records is presented at table 2. The distribution of F. isabelae includes the following ecoregions in its respective provinces: Southwestern Caribbean and Southeastern Caribbean, Guianan and Amazonia (North Brazil Shelf) and Northeastern Brazil (Tropical Southwestern Atlantic), influenced by the Caribbean Current, North Equatorial Current and North Brazil Current, respectively. After analyzing the characteristics of the points where F. isabelae occurs, is becomes clear that there is a preference for areas with following characteristics: 1) muddy substrates, often with shell cuttings; 2) elevated temperature, higher than 20°C; 3) higher salinities, including hypersaline estuaries, such as the estuaries near Porto do Mangue, Northeastern Brazil; and 4) shallow water, with rare cases at greater depths. The species was commonly collected in waters up to approximately 90 meters deep, with some offshore records of greater depth.

Ecological niche modeling. The high environmental suitability was modeled on the shallow platforms of the Colombian coast (Ecoregion Southwestern Caribbean) to the region of Southern Bahia and bounded with the Espírito Santo, at the latitude of the beginning of the formation of the submarine chain Vitória-Trindade (Ecoregion Eastern Brazil). The values of high suitability followed the occurrence in the shallow continental shelf except for the region reached by the mouth of the Amazon River, in the region with less environmental suitability for the species, in the Amazonian and Guianan Ecoregions. Two continuous bands of high suitability deserve mention, the first between Colombia and Venezuela (Southern and Southwestern Caribbean Ecoregions) and the second from Pará to the south of Bahia (eastern portion of the Amazonian ecoregion, Northeastern Brazil and Eastern Brazil portion). Other areas of the South Atlantic coast showed low environmental suitability for the species ( Figure 1 ).

The modeling emphasized three main variables as the most influential for the environmental suitability to F. isabelae , in descending order: Mean temperature at the bottom of the water column (80% importance, 4.8% Jacknife), Depth (10.6%; 38.6% Jacknife) and Distance from the coast (4.4%, 54.2% Jacknife). The lowest gain environmental layer when omitted from the model, and the highest gain when evaluated separately was Average Temperature (AUC isolated = 0,971; AUC model = 0,972). Depth and Shore distance presented, respectively, the second highest gain in the model when evaluated separately (AUC isolated = 0,969; AUC model = 0,971) and the second lowest gain when omitted from the model (AUC isolated = 0,959; AUC model = 0,971). Salinity amplitude was the third lowest gain when omitted from the analyzes, while the other variables did not show any highlights. The response curves obtained through the bootstrap replicates plotted a scenario of high suitability at optimum curve values (optimal curve pattern) for the following conditions: Mean benthic temperature of 29.7°C with depth and, distance of the coast in 1m.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Maximum Likelihood phylogram based on COI sequences of Farfantepenaeus isabelae. The numbers indicate bootstrap values (1000 replicates). Values below 50% are not shown. Sequences from new occurrences are in bold. Litopenaeus schmitti was used as outgroup.

FIGURE 2. Potential distribution map of Farfantepenaeus isabelae, the occurrence data from the literature and those obtained during the present work, with emphasis on the bioregionalization of coastal areas, respective marine ecoregions and their respective numbers according to Spalding et al. (2007): Tropical Atlantic (64—Eastern Caribbean, 66—Southern Caribbean, 67—Southwestern Caribbean, 71—Guianan, 72—Amazonia, 73—São Pedro and São Paulo Islands, and 74—Fernando de Noronha and Atoll das Rocas) and Temperate South America (176—Humboldtian, 177—Central Chile, 178—Araucanian, 180—Southeastern Brazil, 181—Rio Grande, and 182—Rio de la Plata).